Transportation metaphors Awards Conferences Academic journals Books Listservs Websites Acronyms Federally Funded Transportation Programs What’s what:How Roads are Classified Who’s who:AgenciesandOrganizations Appendix

Appendix Appendix 233 APPENDIX Plans, designs, builds and maintains state highway systems Plans, Owns and operates other transportation facilities—ferries, airports, transit services, rail lines statewide long-range transportationDevelops plan and trans- program portation improvement transportation organizations that provide and private Public transportation includes buses, subways, for the public. Public light rail, commuter monorail, passenger ferryboats, inclined railways and people movers. trolleys, emissions budget for each metropolitan regional Develops estab- air quality fails to meet national standards where area public health lished to protect that must emissions budgets for mobile sources Determines (LRTP) Plan Transportation in the Long Range be reflected (MPO) Organization Planning the Metropolitan adopted by the transportationOversees planning and project activities of and state transportation agencies the MPOs advice and training on transportation topics, rang- Provides pavement technology to design efficient ing from operations of highway and transit systems critical funding needed for transportation planning Supplies and projects state transporta- submitted by a program of projects Approves for federal funds proposed tion agencies that includes projects develops guidance, rules and transportation law, Interprets regulations technical assistance, and provides programs several Manages to state transportation agencies training and research planning, research, all phases of highway policy, Oversees design, operations, construction and maintenance in cooper- access ation with federal land-managing agencies to provide lands to federally owned STATE TRANSPORTATION STATE BOARD/COMMISSION 3 3 3 agencies Transit 3 Planning Agency Air Quality 3 3 AGENCIES FEDERAL TRANSPORTATION (USDOT) U.S. Department of Transportation 3 3 3 3 (FHWA) Administration Highway Federal 3 3 (FLHP) Program Lands Highway Federal 3 ublic Works Manages and operates local roads, streets, bridges, and a streets, and operates local roads, Manages state) by (varies Highways of Federal-aid share and imple- Assist local planning organizations in developing menting transportation area strategies and solutions for a given and sometimes local regions Can encompass several multiple states a planning body; and usually does not control Primarily land use or operate transportation facilities of local elected officials, and state a board by Governed and state representatives transportation agency representatives and a (LRTP) Plan Transportation a Long Range Prepares (TIP) that meet the Program Improvement Transportation air quality emission budget (in non-attainment areas) controls only a limited amount of federal funds Directly for projects that develop transportation Largest units of government plans and projects for setting transportation goals for the state Responsible for planning safe and efficient transportation Responsible in state cities and towns between WHO’S WHO: AND ORGANIZATIONS AGENCIES may see only a fraction of the many behind the wheel, we From people, organizations and efforts that go into funding, planning, occasion we beneath us. On designing and maintaining the roads or maintenance crews see construction in orange vests workers look behind the curtain and you grass in the medians. But mowing all disciplines set of professionals from and diverse will see a vast enterprise, making the and private at all levels of government work when and decisions and setting the policies that determine where, professional and also several are There and I get around. you how sector making their the private industry associations that represent road building and making importantliving from decisions at the effectively To lobbying. aggressive through national policy level influence those decisions and policies, conservationists need to have understanding of the many players involved. a greater TRANSPORTATION AND LOCAL STATE AGENCIES Local transportation agency / P 3 (RPO) Organization Planning Regional 3 3 (MPO) Planning Organization Metropolitan 3 3 3 3 transportation agencies (DOTs) State 3 3 3 232 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 235 APPENDIX Has jurisdiction over all matters relating to environmental all matters relating jurisdiction over Has utilization, including everything protection and resource from air and water pollution to highways, bridges dams to the transportationAnnually appropriates funding according TEA-21, SAFETEA-LU) authorization legislation (ISTEA, Conserves, and enhances fish, wildlife plant protects habitats system the refuge Manages Act Species the Endangered Enforces be consulted during early long-range transportation May levels planning at the state and metropolitan of highway participate review in the environmental May has potential impacts to if the project projects, as required species or endangered threatened program with FHWA Roads administers Refuge Jointly planning that includes transportation elements Conducts refuge of nearly 400 natural, cultural and recre- a network Oversees ational sites and helps communities preserve and enhance opportunities important local heritage and recreational be consulted during early long-range transportation May levels planning at the state and metropolitan of highway proj- participate review in the environmental May ects, particularly those with potential impacts to national parks program and Parkways Roads administers the Park Jointly with FHWA planning that includes transportation elements Conducts park and grasslands public lands in national forests Manages technical and financial assistance to state pri- provides forestryvate agencies be consulted during early long-range transportation May levels planning at the state and metropolitan of highway proj- participate review in the environmental May ects, particularly those with potential impacts to national forests with FHWA program Highways administers the Forest Jointly planning that includes transportation elements Conducts forest Senate – Environment and Public Works Committee Works and Public – Environment Senate 3 and Senate committees: House Appropriations 3 AND LAND FEDERAL RESOURCE AGENCIES MANAGEMENT Service (FWS) Wildlife and U.S. Fish 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Service (NPS) Park National 3 3 3 3 3 Service (USFS) U.S. Forest 3 3 3 3 3 Administers federal funding to support of locally a variety Administers planned, constructed and operated public transportation sys- light including buses, subways, the country, tems throughout monorail, passenger ferryrail, commuter streetcars, boats, inclined railways and people movers federal little authority over but have local revenues Control though their in California), even highway dollars (except bridges and streets, and operate roads, jurisdictions own by state) nearly one-half of all federal-aid highways (varies with state transportation agency, Serve on MPO Board the governor transit agency and others appointed by regional land-use plan including ele- local comprehensive Develops ments for transportation that the MPO is supposed to consider in setting priorities the head of state transportation agency and Appoints often members of a state transportation board legislation to the state legislature Submits the state budget process Initiates state transportationEnacts laws and annual transportation appropriations funding levels for state programs Approves for implementation oversight Maintains for enacting national transportation laws and Responsible implementation overseeing for transportation funding levels programs and Approves enacts annual transportation appropriations including such public infrastructure, jurisdiction over Has as highways, bridges, airports,major projects locks and dams, and public transit systems Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Administration Federal Transit 3 AUTHORITIES AND LOCAL STATE and County Council Mayor/City 3 3 body Local Planning 3 Governor 3 3 3 Legislature State 3 3 3 U.S. CONGRESS Congress States The United 3 3 – Committee on of Representatives House and Infrastructure Transportation 3 234 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 237 APPENDIX Serves as the professional association representing planners at association representing Serves as the professional and rural level and within all the urban, suburban, regional disciplines, including transportation planners. of Certified conducts Planners The American Institute on advances in the art and science of planning research of information among plan- Serves as a forum for exchange ning professionals Lobbies for better planning in transportation, land use and smart growth association representing Serves as the national professional landscape architects Lobbies for landscape planning, design and preservation and management water resources improved Lobbies for sustainable, safe and multi-modal transportation choices as part of landscape design association representing Serves as the national professional civil engineers Infrastructure” for America’s Card the “Report Publishes transportation funding Lobbies for increased arm of the transportationServes as the lobby construction industry transportation funding and fewer envi- Lobbies for increased and other restrictions ronmental arm of the constructionServes as the lobby industry funding for construction and fewer Lobbies for increased and other restrictions environmental and ethics, protects legal engineering licensure Promotes continuing education and dis- rights of engineers, provides tributes industry news to the profession indus- arm of the stone, sand and gravel Serves as the lobby try building and that supplies the raw materials for road other development. funding for construction and for increased Lobbies Congress and other restrictions fewer environmental Reform Act Species Endangered of the National Member American Planning Association (APA) American 3 3 3 3 (ASLA) of Landscape Architects Society American 3 3 3 (ASCE) Engineers of Civil Society American 3 3 3 Builders & Road American Transportation Association (ARTBA) 3 3 (AGCA) Contractors of America Associated General 3 3 (NSPE) Engineers of Professional Society National 3 Association (NSSGA) and Gravel Sand Stone, National 3 3 3 Federal Register Federal Develops and enforces regulations, offers financial assistance, regulations, and enforces Develops and education performs research environmental be consulted during early long-range transportation May levels planning at the state and metropolitan impact statements and posts all environmental Reviews information in the engineering services including planning, designing Provides and building and operating water management resources projects other civil works be consulted during early long-range transportation May levels planning at the state and metropolitan of highway projects review in the environmental Participates Act Water 404 of the Clean permits under the Section Issues association for state transportationServes as the professional agencies and guidelines for building, maintaining standards Sets operating roads transportation for more Lobbies state and federal legislature restrictions protection funding and less environmental fashion in that they set pol- in quasi-governmental Operates by any that must be followed icy and practice standards transportation servicesorganization that provides association for all metropolitan Serves as the professional planning organizations of trans- for a larger share Lobbies state and federal legislature level portation funding and authority at the metropolitan councils association for regional Serves as the professional and MPOs of for a larger share Lobbies state and federal legislatures council transportation funding and authority at the regional and MPO level as the official nonpartisan organization of cities with Serves in the each represented populations of 30,000 or more, by its chief elected official, the mayor. Conference of for a larger share Lobbies state and federal legislature transportation funding and authority at the city level ransportation (AASHTO) Officials U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Protection U.S. Environmental 3 3 3 (USACE) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 3 3 3 3 ASSOCIATIONS PROFESSIONAL Highway Association of State American T 3 3 3 3 Planning Organizations Association of Metropolitan 3 3 Councils Association of Regional National 3 3 (USCM) of Mayors U.S. Conference 3 3 236 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 239 APPENDIX (i.e., local or long that the road allows to adjacent allows that the road character of the traffic character degree of access degree distance) and the properties. Arterials provide a high level of mobility but very a high level properties. little Arterials provide WHAT’S WHAT: WHAT: WHAT’S ARE CLASSIFIED ROADS HOW on and park drive on a parkway why we wondered ever you Have their names, U.S. routes and interstates are a driveway? Despite they of the state transportation agencies where the responsibility always named in a way that makes aren’t roads located. Our are learn a little about the naming and num- sense to us, but if you see the method to madness. bering systems, you’ll TYPES OF ROADS which by definition, functional classification is the process By into classes, or systems, accord- grouped and highways are streets ing to the character of traffic service intended to that they are roads notice the different take a drive, The next time you provide. just or even use just one road you you use. Do and types of roads use a combination of roads you likely, More one type of road? Each type of road journey. types to complete your entire and road access to des- has a specific purpose or function, either providing Transportation areas. entire tinations or mobility through can travel planners use functional classification to determine how network in a logical and within the roadway best be channelized the definitions for functional classifi- Therefore, efficient manner. plays in facilitating the route that a given to the role cation relate of trips through a highway network. flow classes: into one of three grouped and highways are All streets arterial, collector and localWhich class a road is assigned roads. on the depends entirely Arterial of those classes of highways emphasizing a high level Arterials are of traffic; land access is sub- movement mobility for the through speeds and travel to this primaryordinate function. Generally, to the other on these facilities compared greater distances are The highest classes of arterials—interstates and freeways— classes. access, while local roads provide a high level of access to adjacent provide access, while local roads provide Collector roadways of mobility. level properties but a low arte- other words, mobility and land access. In a balance between built a lot of cars quickly so they are meant to move rials are Local wide, straight and fast with fewer places to get on off. house to the grocery your meant to get you from store, are roads with less traffic and and slower, generally narrower so they are plenty of access to driveways, shopping and other roads. and you meant to “collect” in between; somewhere Collectors are quickly and safely the small, local roads and get you others from to the big, fast arterials. From the From . 2007. A Guide to Transportation to A Guide : ransportation Construction Coalition (TCC) Nonprofit advocacy organization representing automobile organization representing advocacy Nonprofit AAA and Goodyear Motors, businesses, including Ford related for additional road building and less envi- Lobbies Congress restrictions protection ronmental a list of the most congested roadways Tracks for public transportation programs and initiatives Advocates in favor of Lobbies local, state and federal government funding for public transportation improvements increased and new systems equi- more safety, coalition striving for improved Nonprofit table distribution of funding and multi-modal solutions better transportationthrough policy and practice Coalition, seeking substantial weakening of the act Coalition, seeking substantial weakening T of 27 national associations and labor unions that Group federal transportationmake their living from programs for TEA-21 to lobby of during the reauthorization Formed building on road funding and less restrictions more Margins to the Mainstream Margins TRANSPORTATION RELATED ADVOCACY RELATED TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATIONS Alliance (AHUA) Users Highway American 3 3 3 Association (APTA) Public American Transportation 3 3 (STPP) Partnership Policy Surface Transportation 3 REFERENCES (STPP). Partnership Policy Transportation Surface 3 3 Opportunities in Your Community Your Opportunities in 238 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 241 APPENDIX -Spaced at intervals so that all developed areas are within a rea- at intervals are so that all developed areas -Spaced sonable distance of an arterial. service to corridors with trip lengths and travel densities -Provide than those served rural and greater by collectors and local roads to speeds and minimum interference high travel with relatively movement. through Collectors Rural -Serve primarily intracounty rather than statewide travel. speeds and distances than those on moderate travel -Serve more arterial routes. Collectors Major Rural service and other county to any county seat, larger towns -Provide and importantdestinations such as consolidated schools, parks not servedmining and agricultural areas by an arterial. and cities or with larger towns -Connect these places with nearby arterial routes. -Serve the most important intra-county travel corridors. Collectors Minor Rural spaced at intervals and -Are to collect traffic from local roads distance of a collector. within reasonable areas bring all developed service to smaller communities not served a higher by -Provide class facility. -Connect locally important traffic generators with rural hinterlands. Locals Rural access to adjacent areas. -Provide short distances. relatively over travel -Serve Arterial Principal Urban corridors and -Serve major activity centers, highest volume longest trip demands. -Carry high proportion of total urban travel on minimum mileage. continuity for major rural corridors to and provide -Interconnect and move- accommodate trips entering and leaving urban areas urban areas. ments through the central busi- as between travel -Serve demand for intra-area areas. ness district and outlying residential Arterial system is further divided into the Principal The Urban consisting of principal arte- Interstate subclasses: Urban following Other rials designated as part of the interstate system; Urban consisting of non-interstate principal arte- Freeways/Expressways Arterials Other Principal access; and Urban rials with controlled access. without controlled 20 percent 69 percent 11 percent (but serve11 percent of all travel) 72 percent But wait, there’s more. Roads are also divided are Roads more. wait, there’s But into rural and urban designations, as defined by the landscape setting that they serve. As the name suggests, the rural functional classifica- and roads all streets, tion system covers not located within the demo- highways that are The areas. graphic boundaries of urbanized all urban functional classification system covers roads and highways located within streets, urban and suburban boundaries designated by The characteristics of the U.S. Census Bureau. as follows: each class are Rural Principal Arterial Principal Rural having trip length -Serve corridor movements density characteristics indicative of and travel substantial statewide or interstate travel. with -Connect all, or nearly urban areas people and the majority of 50,000 or more people. with 25,000 or more urban areas -Provide an integrated network of continuous routes. an integrated network -Provide constitutes a subsystem of System Highway Interstate The Rural specifi- Arterials and is composed of those routes Principal Rural highways. All other non-interstate cally designated as Interstate Other included in the subsystem Rural principal arterials are Arterials. Principal are limited-access to allow the free flow of traffic. flow the free limited-access to allow are system: of entire Percent Collector facilities and distribute the lower collect traffic from These roads both mobility and land access. Collectors provide it to the higher. moderate. are trip lengths, speeds and volumes Generally, system: of entire Percent Local speeds, dis- Travel land access. and roads provide Local streets traffic is and through generally low, are tances and volumes usually discouraged. system: of entire Percent Arterial Minor Rural (and other major destinations -Connect cities and larger towns long distances) capable of attracting travel over such as resorts interstate and inter- providing and form an integrated network county service. 240 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 243 APPENDIX A specific highway route may be on more than one may be on more A specific highway route All interstate highways. (The a interstate system still retains System.) Highway separate identity within the National an arte- access between principal arterialsOther that provide rial and a major airport or public transportation facility. access, conti- that provides Network Highway The Strategic nuity and emergency capabilities for the U.S. military. connectors that provide strategic highway network Major major militaryaccess between installations. major access between connectors that provide Intermodal intermodal facilities and the other four subsystems making up the NHS. NHS, state transportation agencies receive federal funding to NHS, state transportation agencies receive these high-priority routes that would oth- maintain and improve The NHS is approximately responsibility. erwise be the state’s including: 160,000 miles of highway, 3 3 3 3 3 NOTE: subsystem. Scenic Byways was established under the Program Scenic Byways The National of 1991. Under Act Efficiency Transportation Surface Intermodal recognizes Transportation the U.S. Departmentthe program, of or All-American Roads Scenic Byways certain as National roads cultural, historic, natural, recre- based on their archaeological, 126 such designated are There ational and scenic qualities. certain benefits byways enjoy in 44 states. Designated byways preservation, partner- promotion, as the four Ps: characterized ships and pride. quailities that Conservationists should note that the “natural” do include wildlife, but not may qualify for a Scenic Byway public may While the traveling necessarily mean quality habitat. necessarily translate to the scenic values, they don’t appreciate conservation for wildlife. values roads Toll expensive enough, some of them charge a fee weren’t As if roads a toll or turnpike is managed by just to use them. A toll road used are Tolls for use. each driver authority that collects a fee from used to of the bonds that were to generate funds for repayment or tollway finance construction Bridge and operation of the road. to build politicians’ a state legislature by authorities can be created that the state transportation agency or those projects pet projects County The Orlando-Orange complete for various reasons. can’t to develop infra- for example, was created Authority, Expressway because it could build expressways in central Florida structure projects generally Toll faster than the state transportation agency. if operate outside the transportation with few, planning structure any opportunities for public participation. Interconnect with and augment the principal arterials. Interconnect of level Serve trips of moderate length at a somewhat lower mobility than principal arterials.travel than those traffic to smaller geographic areas Distribute served principal arterials. by land access than principal arterials without more Provide penetrating identifiable neighborhoods. urban connections for rural collectors. Provide in residential Serve both land access and traffic circulation areas. and commercial/industrial neighborhoods. residential Penetrate and arterials. local streets and channel trips between Distribute access to adjacent areas. direct Provide access to higher systems. Provide Carry traffic movement. no through System was authorized by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of Act Highway the Federal-Aid by was authorized System federal funding, but they are highways receive 1956. Interstate located. the states in which they are and operated by owned access and high speed controlled characterized by are Interstates the 48 contiguous states, network covers The entire limits. serves all major U.S. cities and is a whopping 46,837 miles. Urban Minor Arterials Minor Urban 3 3 3 3 3 Collectors Urban 3 3 3 Locals Urban 3 3 3 state transportation agencies to cooperate with requires FHWA and update statewide local officials to develop highway functional to determine functional classifications in rural and urban areas must be The results and streets. usage of the existing roads for federal-aid highways and mapped and submitted to FHWA Highway serve as the basis for designation to National functional transportation agencies post their state’s Many System. sites. Web classification maps on their System Highway The Interstate and of Interstate System National The Dwight D. Eisenhower Highway to as the Interstate commonly referred Highways, Defense System Highway The National not. Certain equal, but all roads are All men might be created important than oth- more considered highways in our system are an effort to In defense and mobility. economy, ers to the nation’s of these important that states take extra special care make sure in cooperation Transportation, the U.S. Department of roads, established the National with the states, local officials and MPOs, designated as part (NHS) in 1995. Once of the System Highway 242 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 245 APPENDIX Named for their function Esplanade Park Promenade Bypass Named for geographical attributes Hill Causeway Canyon Named for their shape Circle Crescent Square Loop Culs de sac Court Place Cove Small roads Alley Bay Drive Gate Grove Heights Lane Pathway Terrace Trail View Way STREET TYPE DESIGNATIONS Directional designations are used to differentiate the two sections of used to differentiate designations are Directional on either side of a central point or line. a street to direction. according roadways communities categorize Some east-west use a grid system whereby and Seattle Both Manhattan called and north-south are roadways “streets” are roadways uses the exact opposite system. Florida Petersburg, St. “avenues.” numbered are of Columbia, north-south streets the District In alphabetically ordered. are streets and east-west Major roads Avenue Boulevard Road Street Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and U.S. Department of (AASHTO) Officials Transportation the numbers and locations. coordinate Transportation and that runodd numbered, north from to south are Routes Numbers even numbered. that run are routes east to west and from 1 in the east to 101 west, generally increase The interstates do 2 in the northfrom to 98 in the south. south west to east and from from just the opposite, increasing to north. When a two-digit route splits, the “spurs” are assigned are splits, the “spurs” When a two-digit route to north. the first digit of spurs increased numbers. Initially, three-digit route. along the parent northfrom to south and east west get enough numbering, each state also has its just can’t And if you systematic than oth- highway numbering system, some more own design for highway markers, usually state has its own Your ers. with an outline of the state number in a circle. Freeways and Expressways Freeways a highway must be divided with fully a freeway, be considered To a legal do not have property owners access. Adjoining controlled means of driveways. If an existing right to access the highway by all driveways must be removed highway is converted to a freeway, and access to adjacent land blocked with walls or fencing. no intersec- are meaning there also “free-flowing,” are Freeways traffic is divertedtions with traffic lights. All cross using is a underpasses, bridges and ramps. An expressway overpasses, divided highway with only partially access, and may controlled a few have driveways and at-grade intersections. Viaducts and Causeways by elevated or bodies of water, that cross wetlands roads Some called causeways. is supported a series of If the road by banks are arches instead of a bank, it is called viaduct. A short viaduct is than 20 The Causeway in Louisiana is more called an overpass. Lake Pontchartrain.miles long and crosses has several Florida causeways connecting man-made islands with bridges or connect- ing barrier islands with the mainland. ARE NUMBERED ROADS HOW in an integrated and organized are States in the United Highways and Highway The American Association of State grid. numbered ARE NAMED ROADS HOW maybe someday they will name a do something spectacular, you If often named after are famous people, roads after you. Besides street are and streets and destinations. Roads landscapes, trees landmarks, two-partgiven names—the individual name and an indicator of the cities In Avenue. or Park Road for example: Main type of street, names can also include a direc- with a grid-numbering system, street NE, SE). SW, north,tion (east, west, south) or a quadrant (NW, 244 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 247 APPENDIX Transportation Enhancements (TE) Enhancements Transportation http://www.enhancements.org/ OGRAMS FEDERALLY FUNDED TRANSPORTATION FUNDED FEDERALLY PROGRAMS FUNDING I. CORE FEDERAL HIGHWAY PR Program Bridge http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/bridge.htm Program Improvement and Air Quality Congestion Mitigation (CMAQ) http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/cmaqpgs/ Bonus Equity http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/equitybonus.htm (HSIP) Program Improvement Safety Highway http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/hsip.htm (IM) Maintenance Interstate http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/im.htm (NHS) System Highway National http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hep10/nhs/ http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/nhs.htm http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hep/envrestore.htm (STP) Program Transportation Surface http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/stp.htm TRANSIT FUNDING II. MAJOR FEDERAL PROGRAMS Equipment and Facilities and Bus-Related Bus http://www.fta.dot.gov/grant_programs/specific_grant_programs/buses _facilities/4249_7958_ENG_HTML.htm Grants with Disabilities and Persons Elderly http://www.fta.dot.gov/legal/federal_register/2004/16290_17889_E NG_HTML.htm Program Modernization Guideway Fixed http://www.fta.dot.gov/funding/grants/grants_financing_3558.html (JARC) Commute Program and Reverse Access Job http://www.fta.dot.gov/documents/FTA_JARC_Fact_Sheet_Sept05.pdf Flexibility in Highway Design in Highway Flexibility 246 REFERENCES FHWA http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/flex/ch03.htm for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation FHWA Functional Classification Guidelines Classification Guidelines Functional FHWA http://www.oim.dot.state.mn.us/funclass-update/pdf/FHWA%20Guidelines.pdf

Appendix Appendix 249 APPENDIX National Historic Covered Bridge Preservation Program Preservation Bridge Covered Historic National http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/histcovbridges.htm Program Scenic Byways National http://www.byways.org/ http://www.bywaysonline.org/grants/guidance/categories Reservations on Indian Transportation Public http://www.fta.dot.gov/17003_ENG_HTML.htm Financing and Improvement Rehabilitation Railroad http://www.fra.dot.gov/us/content/268 Trails Recreational http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/rectrails/ and Pedestrians Drivers for Older Improvements Safety Roadway http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/older_driver/index.htm to School Program Routes Safe http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/saferoutes/index.htm (SIB) Banks Infrastructure State http://www.fta.dot.gov/17003_ENG_HTML.htm http://www.innovativefinance.org/topics/finance_mechanisms/state_cr edit/statecredit.asp Truck and Rail Projects of Highway Financing Tax-exempt Bonds) Activity (Private Facilities Transfer http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/summary.htm Community, Bonds)Transportation, Activity (Private Facilities (TCSP) Preservation and System http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/tcsp.htm http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tcsp/ Act and Innovation Finance Infrastructure Transportation (TIFIA) http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/tifia.htm Program Facilities Parking Truck http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/truckpark.htm Program Pilot Pricing Value http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/otps/valuepricing.htm New Freedom Program Freedom New http://www.fta.dot.gov/17003_ENG_HTML.htm Program Starts New http://www.fta.dot.gov/documents/FTA_New_Starts_Fact_Sheet_Sep t05.pdf Program Formula Area Non-Urbanized http://www.aot.state.vt.us/publictrans/5311appropriation.htm#5311 Grants Formula Area Urbanized http://www.fta.dot.gov/17003_ENG_HTML.htm III. SPECIFIC PURPOSE TRANSPORTATION PURPOSE III. SPECIFIC FUNDING PROGRAMS for environmental, funding sources in this section cover Programs programs. historic, financing, limited purpose, or recipients Lands Program and Public in Parks Transportation Alternative http://www.nps.gov/transportation/alt/ats-study.htm (ADHS) Program System Highway Development Appalachian http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/appalachia.htm Projects for Rail Line and Relocation Capital Grants www.ruraltransportation.org/library/crstealu.pdf Program Grant Clean Fuels http://www.fta.dot.gov/grant_programs/specific_grant_programs/clean _fuels_formula/4535_7990_ENG_HTML.htm (FLH) Lands Highways Federal http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/fedlands.htm Terminals Boats and Ferry http://www.apta.com/government_affairs/safetea_lu/brochure.cfm#link42 Program Pilot Distribution Intermodal Freight http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/freightplanning/safetea_lu.htm Rights-of-Way on Interstate Facilities Reduction Idling http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/idlereduction.htm Improvement Corridor Infrastructure National http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/corridors.htm 248 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 251 APPENDIX ransportation ed (species) tation Research Information Service Information tation Research d of Decision United States Environmental Protection Agency Protection Environmental States United Service Forest States United Service Wildlife and Fish States United Survey Geological States United Transportation Enhancement program Enhancement Transportation for the 21st Century Act Equity Transportation Board Research Transportation Transpor Army Corps of Engineers Department of Agriculture States United Department of the Interior States United T Department of States United Right of way Program Improvement Transportation State and endanger Threatened National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries Marine National Service Park National Council Resource Natural Places of Historic Register National and development Research Recor . Code States United USEPA USFS USFWS USGS TE TEA – 21 TRB TRIS USACE U.S.C USDA USDI USDOT ROW STIP T&E NMFS NPS NRC NRHP R&D ROD tatement otection Agency ransportation Plan ater Act rogram National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 Act Policy Environmental National System Highway National Metropolitan Planning Organization Metropolitan Research Highway Cooperative National P Endangered Species Act Species Endangered S Impact Environmental Final Federal Highway Administration Highway Federal Administration Transit Federal System Information Geographic on Ecology and Conference International Transportation Act Efficiency Transportation Surface Intermodal of 1991 System Transportation Intelligent T Long Range Draft Environmental Impact Statement Impact Environmental Draft Department of the Interior Assessment Environmental Statement Impact Environmental Pr Environmental American Association of State Highway and Highway American Association of State Officials Transportation Builders’ Transportation and American Road Association of Land Management Bureau Statistics Transportation of Bureau Clean Air Act Categorical Exclusion Quality Council on Environmental Regulations Code of Federal Clean W NEP NHS MPO NCHRP ESA FEIS FHWA FTA GIS ICOET ISTEA ITS LRTP DEIS DOI EA EIS EPA ACRONYMS AASHTO ARTBA BLM BTS CAA CE CEQ CFR CWA 250 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 253 APPENDIX newsletters, and related docu- newsletters, and related Successes in Stewardship Successes daily publication for rules, rules proposed and notices of federal and other orders as executive agencies and organizations, as well documents. presidential Guidebook Environmental FHWA http://www.environment.fhwa.dot.gov/guidebook/index.asp and trans- of environmental information on a variety Provides FHWA portation planning topics and includes the following: policy and contact information, training opportunities, FHWA and Stewardship the Streamlining guidance, state practices from list database, transportation websites, and environment Practices of related Projects Program Research Environmental FHWA Database http://itre.ncsu.edu/fhwa-erp/fhwa-erpsearch.htm 1990 from and completed research and documents active Tracks Environmental that has been funded by FHWA to present Program. Research Linkages Planning and Environment FHWA http://www.environment.fhwa.dot.gov/integ/index.asp and and compiled by the FHWA information developed Offers planning and environment its partners to assist in strengthening linkages. and Land Use for Integrating Tool FHWA Decision-Making Transportation http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/landuse/index.htm for source of methods, strategies, and procedures A web-based integrating land use and transportation planning, decision-mak- implementation. ing and project Culverts Through Passage Service-Fish Forest Annotated Bibliography http://www.stream.fs.fed.us/fishxing/biblio.html Annotated bibliography of 96 articles pertaining to fish passage culverts. through Website Management Service Road Forest http://www.fs.fed.us/eng/road_mgt/ the agency road management policy directs Service’s The Forest that is sound road network to maintain a safe, environmentally to manage. to public needs and affordable responsive and Committee on House Transportation Infrastructure http://www.house.gov/transportation/ ments. ecosystem planning and foster- early WEBSITES GOVERNMENT Guidelines Crossing Wildlife and Fish Game Arizona http://www.azgfd.gov/hgis/guidelines.aspx bridge and culvert guidelines for wildlife passage. Includes and Reducing Linking Habitats Crossings: Critter Roadkill http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/wildlifecrossings/ impacts on web site describes transportation’s This DOT/FHWA wildlife and highlights exemplary and processes that are projects these impacts. helping to reduce Homepage Department of Transportation http://www.dot.gov/ by States The mission of the department is to: serve the United trans- ensuring a fast, safe, efficient, accessible and convenient and portation system that meets our vital national interests enhances the quality of life American people, today and into the future. Departments of of State Directory Transportation http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/webstate.htm Links to each state. Initiatives Exemplary Ecosystem http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ecosystems/index.htm in eight states exemplary ecosystem initiatives of how Examples habitat fragmentation and barriers to animal move- reducing are sustainable of more ment, encouraging the development mitigation sites, stimulating Homepage Administration Highway Federal http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ of ensuring that responsibility is charged with the broad FHWA and highways continue to be the safest most roads America’s technologically up-to-date. Although state, local, and tribal gov- provides highways, FHWA most of the nation’s ernments own financial and technical support to them for constructing, improv- highway system. ing and preserving America’s Register Federal http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/index.html Archives National Register, of the Federal the Office by Published is the official Register the Federal Administration, and Records ing ecosystem-based research. 252 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 255 APPENDIX armland Trust U.S. Forest Service U.S. Forest http://www.fs.fed.us/ Service is an agency of the U.S. Established in 1905, the Forest manages public lands in national It Department of Agriculture. amount of good for the greatest provide and grasslands “to forests amount of people in the long run.” the greatest Service Park National http://www.nps.gov/ the use of national parks so as to con- and regulates Promotes natural and historic objects, wildlife such that the serve scenery, generations. of future for the enjoyment will be unimpaired parks Department of Transportation’s Washington Program Retrofit Ecological http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/environment/fishpass/default.htm has been Program Retrofit Ecological DOT state’s Washington impairments to fish habitat associated with established to address two components are: transportation Its infrastructure. the state’s environ- chronic fish passage barriers and retrofitting removing mental deficiencies. Program Collision Prevention Wildlife http://www.wildlifeaccidents.ca/ seeks to save human Program Collision Prevention Wildlife The unneces- wildlife species from injuries, protect and prevent lives the economic losses to society and reduce sary death and injury, collisions. wildlife vehicle caused by ORGANIZATIONS NON-GOVERNMENTAL F American http://www.farmland.org/default.asp to stop the works Trust in 1980, American Farmland Founded farming practices farmland and to promote loss of productive that lead to a healthy environment. Wildlands American http://www.wildlands.org/ Wildlands science and state-of-the-art computer mapping, Using the wild lands, waters and species habitat identifies and prioritizes with decision mak- They also work most in need of conservation. ers to shape policies and projects. and Highways Habitat Wildlife of Defenders Campaign http://www.defenders.org/habitat/highways/ and highways the impact of roads to reduce The campaign works advocating for modifying existing on wildlife and habitat by uard, the Smithsonian Museum and all of the nation’s Museum the Smithsonian uard, Oversees highway, aviation, rail and maritime transportation systems, highway, Oversees the Coast G Keeping it Simple: Easy Ways to Help Wildlife Along Wildlife to Help Ways Easy it Simple: Keeping Roads http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/wildlifeprotection/index.cfm highway impacts on wildlife. easy ways of reducing Highlights in the Parks Service – Transportation Park National http://www.nps.gov/transportation/ information regarding This site includes links to find out more and the Alternative Program and Parkways Roads both the Park Program. Transportation System Refuge Wildlife National http://refuges.fws.gov/ is to adminis- System Refuge Wildlife The mission of the National of lands and waters for the conservation,ter a national network of the fish, wildlife appropriate, restoration management and where for States and their habitats within the United and plant resources generations of Americans. and future the benefit of present Committee Works and Public Environment Senate http://epw.senate.gov/ and Infrastructure on Subcommittee Transportation http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Subcommittees.Su bcommittee&Subcommittee_id=674f3658-3031-4d47-b4ad- 5308cb97e7f5 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers http://www.usace.army.mil/ engineering responsive quality, mission is to provide The Corps’s services envi- to the nation including navigation, flood control, military disaster response, protection, constructionronmental and support for other defense and federal agencies. Agency Protection U.S. Environmental http://www.epa.gov/ the nat- mission is to protect human health and safeguard EPA’s water and land—upon which life depends. ural environment—air, Service Wildlife and U.S. Fish http://www.fws.gov/ within the Service is a bureau Wildlife and The U.S. Fish with others to mission is to work Its Department of the Interior. conserve, and enhance fish, wildlife plants their protect habitats for the continuing benefit of American people. public buildings, and constructs infrastructure. environmental 254 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 257 APPENDIX I-90 Wildlife Bridges Coalition Bridges Wildlife I-90 http://www.i90wildlifebridges.org/ set of organizations and agencies to ensure with a diverse Works state meets a high standard Washington the I-90 expansion in as human safety and transporta-for wildlife connectivity as well tion efficiency. Give States: of the United Society The Humane a Brake Wildlife http://www.hsus.org/wildlife/issues_facing_wildlife/wildlife_cross- ings_wild_animals_and_roads/suggestions_for_driving_with_wildlif e_in_mind.html for driving with wildlife in mind. Suggestions Practices League of America-Alternative Walton Izaak Management Stormwater for Highway http://www.iwla.org/index.php?id=397 series outlines the latest techniques available Webcast A four-part comply with water to help transportation money, agencies save water quality and improve quality and water supply regulations, stormwater management practices. with context-sensitive Alliance Land Trust http://www.lta.org/ voluntary land conservation the land and strengthens Promotes information, skills the leadership, providing by trust movement land trusts need to conserveand resources land for the benefit of communities and natural systems. Census Land Alliance – National Trust Land Trust http://www.lta.org/census/ Alliance has been tracking Trust decades, the Land several For land conservation, in private with each five-year national trends before. than ever land protected dramatically more showing report Preservation for Historic National Trust http://www.nationaltrust.org/index_flash.html leadership, provides Preservation for Historic Trust The National historic places diverse to save America’s education and advocacy our communities. and revitalize Defense Council Resources Natural http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/roads/eotrinx.asp an overview of pri- 1999 provides Annotated bibliography from and impacts of roads mary documenting the adverse research ecosystems. American forest logging on North vation into transportationvation planning. roads, and for reducing future impacts by incorporating wildlife impacts by future and for reducing roads, conser Defenders of Wildlife Habitat and Highways Habitat Wildlife of Defenders to SAFETEA-LU Guide Campaign http://www.defenders.org/habitat/highways/safetea/ it An in-depth look at the policies of 2005 bill and how and wildlife. affects the environment Defense-Transportation Environmental http://www.environmentaldefense.org/cleanairforlife.cfm?subnav=ps_traffic level influencing policy at the national, state and regional From focuses on Defense to organizing local carpools, Environmental to here the best, most equitable way for America to get from without harming the environment. there and Energy Institute Environmental Study http://www.eesi.org/ environ- promotes Institute and Energy Study Environmental public policy mentally sustainable societies. EESI produces that encourage social and economic patterns sus- initiatives and the natural resources. tain people, the environment Center Foundation http://www.foundationcenter.org/ leading authority on phi- Center is the nation’s The Foundation connecting nonprofits and the grantmakers supporting lanthropy, The them to tools they can use and information trust. database on U.S. grant- center maintains the most comprehensive education and They also operate research, makers and their grants. at every designed to advance philanthropy training programs level. of the Earth Friends http://www.foe.org/camps/eco/r2r.html and groups with conservative of the Earth taxpayer works Friends the nation to oppose many unneeded community activists across and unwise roadways. Groundspring http://www.groundspring.org/ integrated services for small to medium- provides Groundspring effective organizations to help them become more nonprofit sized users of internet technology in their fundraising and management of donors and supporters. 256 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 259 APPENDIX Surface Transportation Policy Project Policy Surface Transportation http://www.transact.org/ that trans- goal is to ensure Project’s Policy Transportation Surface protect portation help conserve policy and investments energy, the economy, strengthen and aesthetic quality, environmental livable. and make communities more promote social equity, to TEA-21 Project-Guide Policy Surface Transportation http://www.transact.org/report.asp?id=74 an in-depth look at policies and TEA-21 gives This users guide to and key opportunities for mak- funding, explains major features potential pitfalls. and explores ing progress, Campaign Transportation Tri-State http://www.tstc.org/ Campaign is an alliance of public Transportation Tri-State The organiza- planning and environmental transit advocacy, interest, transportation policies in the New to reform tions working region. metropolitan Jersey-Connecticut York-New Land Institute Urban http://www.uli.org/ leadership is to provide Land Institute The mission of the Urban use of land to enhance the total environment. on the responsible for Better Transportation Utahns http://www.utahnsforbettertransportation.org/index.html The purpose of this organization is to balanced transportation choices that will serve our environ- our neighborhoods, respect while enhancing our access for all Utahns ment and provide quality of life. future Roads Center for Preventing Wildlands http://www.wildlandscpr.org/ and restore works to protect Roads Center for Preventing Wildlands and limiting roads and removing preventing wildland ecosystems by a national clearinghouse and network, are We recreation. motorized construction, with tools and strategies to fight road citizens providing and revegeta- road removal and promote recreation, deter motorized by native ecosystems and biodiversity seek to protect We tion. public wildlands. of roadless an interconnected network recreating Organization-100 Environmental Top World Sites Transportation http://www.world.org/weo/transportation have located Organization Environmental World at the Editors sites. web related 1,000 of the most useful environment over categories, each con- been arranged into several These sites have sites. taining 100 web smart growth communities that increase transportation choices, communities that increase smart growth Natural Resources Defense Council: Smart Growth Defense Council: Smart Resources Natural http://www.nrdc.org/cities/smartGrowth/default.asp on smart-growth a range of projects, NRDC is working Through sustainable solutions that can help curtail sprawl and build more communities for the 21st century. NatureServe http://www.natureserve.org a are of natural heritage programs and its network NatureServe and endangered for information about rare high-quality source ecosystems. species and threatened Conservancy Rails-to-Trails http://www.railtrails.org/ of Conservancy a nationwide network is creating Rails-to-Trails former rail lines and connecting corridors to build trails from healthier places for people. Scenic America http://www.scenic.org/ Scenic America is dedicated to preserving and enhancing the sce- communities and countryside. nic character of America’s Campaign Club Challenge to Sprawl Sierra http://www.sierraclub.org/sprawl/ and promotes to fight poorly planned runaway development Works our natural places. air and water pollution, protect reduce Network Growth Smart http://www.smartgrowth.org/ that better serves development Encourages the economic, environ- a provides The Network mental and social needs of communities. forum for information sharing, education, tool development and issues. application, and collaboration on smart growth Project Ecosystem Rockies Southern http://www.restoretherockies.org/about.html is a Project Ecosystem Rockies in 1992, the Southern Founded conservation to protect, non-profit science organization working of Rockies and connect ecosystems in the Southern restore Mexico. and New Wyoming Colorado, Internet ARC Ecosystem Project Rockies Southern Server Map http://www.restoretherockies.org/arc_ims.cfm important Server is a mapping tool which provides Map Internet on behalf of wildlands in working that are data to local groups Rockies. the Southern 258 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 261 APPENDIX development, providing the most current research information research the most current providing development, of wildlife, fisheries, wetlands, water and best practices in the areas policy issues. ecosystems management and related overall quality, inter-agency supported event. ICOET is a multi-disciplinary, Europe Network Eco Infra http://www.iene.info/ in the of authorities and experts network involved A European the constructionphenomena of habitat fragmentation caused by and use of linear transport especially motorways, infrastructure, railways and canals. H. Berryman Institute Jack http://www.berrymaninstitute.org/ State at Utah Resources Wildland in the Department of Based at and Fisheries Wildlife and the Department of University the Berryman is dedicated Institute University, State Mississippi human- and resolving human-wildlife relationships to improving and extension. teaching, research, wildlife conflicts through Institute Transportation Mineta http://www.transweb.sjsu.edu/ Institute Transportation in 1991, Mineta Congress Established by focuses on international surface transportation policy issues as education and primary research, to three responsibilities: related technology transfer. Center Research Highway Turner-Fairbank http://www.tfhrc.gov/ and Center is a federally owned Research Highway Turner-Fairbank is the home TFHRC Virginia. facility in McLean, operated research Technology. and Development of Research, Office of the FHWA’s Ecology Road Davis Center of California University http://johnmuir.ucdavis.edu/road_ecology/ and policy makers from The center brings together researchers ecology and transportation to design sustainable transportation on nat- systems based on an understanding of the impact roads ural landscapes and human communities. Ecology Road Davis Center of California University – eScholarship Repository http://repositories.cdlib.org/jmie/roadeco/ papers on road for download Catalogues and makes available ecology. Intitute Policy Victoria Transport http://www.vtpi.org/ is an independent research Institute Policy Transport Victoria The ildlife: A Research, Monitoring and Adaptive Monitoring ildlife: A Research, ACADEMIC/RESEARCH on Effects Highway (Canada) Park National Banff W Study Mitigation http://www.praxis.ca/banfftwinning/pdfs/ProgressReport3.PDF and monitoring pro- ecologists began a research 1996, park In the potential effects of highways on wildlife gram that addresses corridor in the park. Trans-Canada populations along the and the Environment The Center for Transportation http://www.itre.ncsu.edu/CTE/ is a U.S. and the Environment Transportation Center for transportation university center, Transportation Department of CTE seeks to mitigate University. State Carolina located at North the impacts of surface transportation through on the environment education and technology transfer. programs of research, Conservation GeoPortal http://www.conservationmaps.org/index.jsp effort and for the conservationA collaborative by community to and publishing of geographic information facilitate the discovery systems (GIS) data and maps. Clearinghouse Crash Information Deer-Vehicle (DVCIC) http://www.deercrash.com/ Clearinghouse is a project Information Crash The Deer-Vehicle that Transportation Department of Wisconsin the funded by transportation involves departments states cooperatively of the five in the Wisconsin. and Minnesota Michigan, Iowa, Illinois, region: and Procedures Practices, Stewardship Environmental Construction and Maintenance for Highway Policies http://environment.transportation.org/environmental_issues/con- struct_maint_prac/compendium/manual/ stewardship a compendium of environmental presents This report practices in construction from the lit- and maintenance, developed and state transportation agency manuals and procedures, erature, by and practitioners. Sponsored the contributions of state DOTs Transportation and Highway the American Association of State and conducted in cooperation with FHWA (AASHTO) Officials Program. Research Cooperative Highway the National by on Ecology & Conference International ICOET: Transportation http://www.icoet.net/index.asp Conducted every the two years, ICOET is designed to address to surface transportation range of ecological issues related broad 260 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 263 APPENDIX nonprofit, membership organization established in 1994 to servenonprofit, Organizations Planning of Metropolitan the needs and interests for urban planning, responsible nationwide. MPOs are (MPOs) of federal highway and transit programming and coordination investments. AND DATABASES MAPPING, INFORMATION, Statistics of Bureau Transportation http://www.bts.gov/ was established as a statistical Statistics Transportation of Bureau agency in 1992 to administer data collection, analysis, and the most cost-effective use of transporta- and to ensure reporting, tion-monitoring resources. Guide – Pocket Statistics of Bureau Transportation 2007 to Transportation http://www.bts.gov/publications/pocket_guide_to_transporta- tion/2007/pdf/entire.pdf to the changes in U.S. trans- as a quick reference Designed affected the they have portation system since 1970 and how energy use and the environment. safety, economy, nation’s and Environment- Center for Transportation Research and Fisheries Transportation Wildlife, Database http://itre.ncsu.edu/CTE/gateway/wildlife.htm database. Searchable Solutions Context Sensitive http://www.contextsensitivesolutions.org/ interdisciplinary is a collaborative, Solutions Context Sensitive a transportation all stakeholders to develop that involves approach facility that fits its physical setting and preserves scenic, aesthetic, while maintaining safety and resources, historic and environmental that considers the total context CSS is an approach mobility. project will exist. within which a transportation improvement Software ESRI GIS and Mapping http://www.esri.com/industries/transport/index.html and maintain- GIS is useful for managing, planning, evaluating, can learn about what GIS you ing transportation systems. Here has to offer for transportation. Enhancements Transportation National Clearinghouse http://www.enhancements.org/ Clearinghouse is an Enhancements Transportation The National and Rails-to-Trails information service by FHWA sponsored Transportation America use Communities across Conservancy. tation problems to help improve transporta- to help improve tation problems organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical innovative organization dedicated to developing solutions to transpor The Volpe Center The Volpe http://www.volpe.dot.gov/ and pursue solutions to decision-makers define problems Helps engineer- and development, lead transportation research through ing and analysis. Institute Transportation Western http://www.coe.montana.edu/wti/ Center specializing in rural trans- Transportation A University and education. portation research Crossings Wildlife Toolkit http://www.wildlifecrossings.info/ problems wildlife crossing database of cases where A searchable links, a glossary also provides been attempted to be solved. It have of terms and a selection articles that discuss wildlife and high- way issues. and Roads: Wildlife http://www.wildlifeandroads.org/ on wildlife using for mitigating the effects of roads A resource underpasses and crosswalks. such as overpasses, wildlife crossings Cooperative is a dynamic partThis website of a National titled: project research sponsored Program Research Highway Crossings. Wildlife of and Effectiveness of the Use Evaluation engine. search Includes and the Environment – Roads Bank World http://www.worldbank.org/transport/publicat/reh/toc.htm a description of of this handbook is to provide The objective useful in designing and executing practical methods which are environmental assessments (EAs) to those who are effective planning to projects, from aspects of road in various involved construction to maintenance. ASSOCIATIONS PROFESSIONAL Agencies Wildlife and Association of Fish http://www.fishwildlife.org/ fish and wildlife agencies. America’s all of North represents AFWA Association of Metropolitan Transportation Organizations http://www.ampo.org/ is a Organizations Transportation Association of Metropolitan tion planning and policy analysis. 262 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 265 APPENDIX . http://www.contextsensitivesolutions.org/ [email protected] LISTSERVS AND NEWSLETTERS LISTSERVS News The BEAT organi- is an all-volunteer Team Action Environmental Berkshire the environment of Berkshire zation dedicated to protecting supported contributions by They are Massachusetts. County, a small grant from the New and by like you from citizens Fund. Environmental Grassroots England subscribe visit: To http://www.thebeatnews.org/News/news.html Alert. BNA Transportation/Environment Alert e-mail news is a weekly service Transportation/Environment Washington, in Affairs, Inc., of National the Bureau published by Highway by the American Association of State and sponsored Committee on the Standing Officials’ Transportation and Assistance Program. Technical Environmental Environment, customer service changes and including subscriptions, address For #4; fax: 202-452- call 1-800-372-1033, Option retransmission, 4644, e-mail; CARGO-L in international transactions involved list for anyone Discussion CARGO-L anywhere. cargo to and from to move or that have of transportation, goods and informa- should debate the future aspects in legal, practical and theoretical tion flows, transportation. to subscribe: [email protected] Address Last (Your Name) First to send: subscribe cargo-l (Your Message Name) Newsletter Solutions Context Sensitive The bi-monthly CSS newsletterup-to-date on the lat- keeps you news and information in the transportationest CSS-related community. subscribe visit: To Wildlife Defenders eNews stories E-mailed once a month, the newsletter is filled with great and features on the newtimely action alerts ways to help protect with exciting are about. Also featured all care animals we wildlife and the habitat it needs to survive. el choice, strengthen the local economy, improve the quality improve the local economy, el choice, strengthen Enhancements funds from the federal government to expand the federal government funds from Enhancements trav National Transportation Library Transportation National http://ntl.bts.gov/ Library was established in 1998 and Transportation The National serves as a repository public, academic and pri- of materials from access to the mission is to increase organizations. NTL’s vate opera- research, information that supports transportation policy, tions and technology transfer activities. Google Engine by Search DOT State http://www.google.com/coop/cse?cx=006511338351663161139%3A cnk1qdck0dc as at once, as well users to search all 50 DOTs allows This website such as public transit groups other transportation-related search transportation plan- agencies, university centers and metropolitan ning organizations. Thomas: to Congress Guide The Ultimate http://thomas.loc.gov/ and other Thomas makes federal legislative Launched in 1995, available to the public online. information freely Bibliographic Roads Center for Preventing Wildlands Database http://www.wildlandscpr.org/databases/index.html 10,000 citations documenting the database of over Bibliographic vehicles. and off-road physical and ecological effects of roads at keywords by Search http://www.wildlandscpr.org/Search/search.php of life and protect the environment. of life and protect 264 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 267 APPENDIX http://www.herpdigest.org/ [email protected] Fish and Wildlife Service National and Regional Service National Wildlife and Fish Listserves bulletins, and other information the latest news releases, Provides about U.S. Washington Affairs in of Public the Office issued by in fish interested Service activities. Everyone Wildlife and Fish and wildlife conservation is invited to subscribe. newsletters visit: subscribe to national or regional To http://www.fws.gov/news/NewsReleases/listser.html GIST-L and trans- Systems Information list about Geographic Discussion portation. to subscribe: [email protected] Address Last (Your Name) First to send: subscribe gist-l (Your Message Name) Roadsides Greener is a quarterly publication of the Federal Roadsides Greener and Environment Office of Planning, Administration, Highway weeds, native focuses on: information sharing, noxious It Realty. management and public policy. vegetation plants, restoration, subscribe: To an email to Send the subject header blank Leave roadsides” type “subscribe the body, In not include a signature Do & Commentary News Environmental Magazine: Grist news environmental with a sense of humor. and weekly Daily newsletters, visit: six free subscribe to any of Grist’s To http://www.grist.org/cgi-bin/signmeup.pl News Headwaters news about provides News Headwaters politics, conservation, species issues in the western water and endangered development, States United subscribe visit: To http://www.headwatersnews.org/HeadwatersSub.html HerpDigest newsletter on the latest news electronic that reports weekly Free on herpetological conservation and science. subscribe visit To and start a free trial or subscribe to and start a free (a daily publication of the Federal govern- (a daily publication of the Federal http://www.elistore.org/nwn.asp UIRED=URI_ACTION_USER_REQUESTS http://www.eenews.net/ Federal Register Federal one or more of its many servicesone or more and newsletters. Federal agency regulations, proposed rules proposed and public notices, agency regulations, Federal documents. and other presidential proclamations orders, executive visit: Register of the Federal subscribe to a daily email version To http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/the-federal-register/email- signup.html To subscribe visit: To http://action.defenders.org/site/Survey?SURVEY_ID=1220&ACTIO N_REQ DOT DOT runA privately mailing list for transit supporters and anti-road activists. to subscribe: [email protected] Address (without quotes) in “subscribe” the word to subscribe: Put How than most lists. that this is different line. Note the “Subject:” handled manually. are Subscriptions and Land Letter Greenwire E&E Daily, for com- is the leading source & Energy Publishing Environment and energy politics of environmental daily coverage prehensive, original reporting hard-hitting, E&E’s day, Every and policy. White House, plugs subscribers into the issues facing the courts, federal agencies and the states. Congress, Visit Wetlands National Law Institute Environmental Newsletter this newsletter takes you behind the headlines times a year, Six agenda. on issues dominating the wetland and reports subscribe visit: To in Successes Administration Highway Federal Newsletter Stewardship environmental monthly newsletter highlighting current FHWA’s the country. practices from around streamlining newsletters or to subscribe visit: previous read To http://www.environment.fhwa.dot.gov/strmlng/es4newsltrs.asp Notice Daily Register Federal The ment) is a legal newspaper published every the business day by contains: It Administration. and Records Archives National 266 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 269 APPENDIX http://roadecology.ucdavis.edu/listserv.html [email protected] Red Lodge Clearinghouse Newsletter Lodge Clearinghouse Red Lodge Clearinghouse is to support, nur- The mission of the Red is a groups. It and connect collaborative natural resource ture forum for collaborators -practitioners, policy-makers, elected offi- donors and conservationists - cials, agency leaders and field staff, in resource of collaborative work to better understand the realities it happens, on the ground. management where subscribe to the periodic e-mail newsletter visit: To http://www.redlodgeclearinghouse.org/newslist/Subscribe.cfm EcologyRoad Center listserv Center brings Ecology Road of California Davis The University and policy makers from ecology trans- together researchers portation to design sustainable transportation systems based on on natural landscapes an understanding of the impact roads and human communities. subscribe visit: To Roadsides is a moderated listservRoadsides for transportation officials, scientists con- and private groups public interest and practitioners - universities, in working sultants, and agency partners of government, at all levels The list to highway corridors. management relevant vegetation of landscape, maintenance, in the areas includes subscribers who work services,environmental control and turf erosion establishment, nox- information-sharing and plants to increase and native ious weeds in active addition, the list includes subscribers who are In networking. of Noxious Committee for the Management Interagency the Federal is an Roadsides Borders. Across Weeds along with Weeds and Exotic and is hosted by the Administration Highway activity of the Federal and the Environment. Transportation Center for subscribe: To an email to Send the subject header blank Leave roadsides” type “subscribe the body, In not include a signature Do Transportation Rural by the National originally developed Transportation, Rural Association of Association of Counties and the National serves Organizations, as an information clearing- Development local government professionals, development house for regional in rural transportationofficials and others interested planning issues. and development subscribe visit: To http://www.ruraltransportation.org/peers/index.shtml http://www.enhance- http://www.bearbiol- http://www.its.ucdavis.edu/news/ http://www.iwla.org/index.php?id=253 http://www.newwest.net/index.php/member/register/ [email protected] alumni and friends, this newsletter information from ITS- reports and affiliated campus departmentsDavis that host programs. transportation-related subscribe visit: To contains PDF The archive TE projects. ples of outstanding new of all Connections quarterlyversions newsletters. visit: subscribe for paper or email versions To ments.org/connections.asp or email Izaak Walton League of America Highway League of America Walton Izaak Listserv Management Stormwater An open forum for the posting and discussion of news, informa- tion, ideas, success stories and questions about alternative devel- including low-impact practices to manage highway runoff, opment techniques. subscribe visit: To E-Newsletter News Inside Transportation information with trans- The purpose of the newsletter is to share Park portation and other National and planning professionals Service partners. subscribe visit: To http://www.nps.gov/transportation/alt/toolbox.htm International Association InternationalManagement, for Bear Bear information on subscription please visit: For News Research and E-News ITS-Davis of e-news newsletter is the electronic of the University ITS-Davis for Written Studies. Transportation of Institute California Davis Enhancements Transportation National Connections newsletter Clearinghouse Transportation quarterly newsletter contains NTEC’s technical articles news from Capitol Hill, Enhancements-related and exam- resources; TE-related new development; TE project on West New to the of online communities devoted is a network West New atmosphere politics, environment and overall economy, culture, West. Mountain of the Rocky subscribe visit: To ogy.com/membrshp.htm 268 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 271 APPENDIX . with “TRB your email address email address your http://lists.ncsu.edu To begin receiving the begin receiving To [email protected] Leave the subject line of e- Leave , editorials, job postings, upcoming scroll to the bottom and select “Click scroll http://www.y2y.net/media/news.asp [email protected] http://www.TRB.org http://www.TRB.org Y2Y network groups Y2Y network E-Newsletter” in the message’s subject field. in the message’s E-Newsletter” Y2Y supporters and other political cartoons,events, featured Transportation Research E-Newsletter Research Transportation Transportation (TRB) Board Research Transportation The transportation research covers regularly E-Newsletter Research and abroad. States in the United developments on also available are All articles appearing in the E-Newsletter web page TRB’s send an e-mail note to E-Newsletter Institute Policy Victoria Transport is an independent research Institute Policy Transport Victoria The and practical innovative organization dedicated to developing of a variety provides It solutions to transportation problems. transporta- to help improve at this website free available resources tion planning and policy analysis. subscribe to the quarterly newsletter go to: To http://www.vtpi.org/ right. in the lower our quarterly newsletter” receive (WFT) Listserv and Fisheries Transportation Wildlife, professionals with the opportunityWFT Listserv to The provides best prac- information about new research, post queries and share the way ecological improving tices, and policy issues that are in surface transportation addressed planning and project issues are The listserv is managed by the Center for development. State Carolina at North and the Environment Transportation information about the list, please visit more For University. at website Technology Information NCSU’s Service Y2Y Daily Conservation News The Y2Y news is a daily compilation of news stories collected The and local newspapersthe profiling 85 national, regional over from Eco- Yukon to Yellowstone wildlife, people and places within the also include other useful content such as: stories It region. featuring To subscribe to the WFT Listserv: subscribe to the To with the message. ture mail blank. In the body, type: subscribe wftlistserv the body, mail blank. In Send an email to: Send items. The Y2Y news is delivered everyY2Y news is delivered morning to subscribers’ The items. of charge. free inboxes subscribe visit To (Note: Listserv software is case sensitive.) Do not include a signa- Do Listserv is case sensitive.) software (Note: and stay tuned for [email protected] [email protected] Leave the subject header blank Leave transenviro” type “subscribe the body, In not include a signature Do Transit issues discussion list. Transit to subscribe: [email protected] Address Last (Your Name) First to send: subscribe transit (Your Message Name) - Alternatives Transit such as personal rapid tran- list for transit alternatives Discussion and monorails. sit, people movers to subscribe: [email protected] Address Name) First (Your to send: subscribe transit-alternatives Message Last Name) (Your TransEnviro officials, pub- is a moderated listserv for government TransEnviro in the sector working groups, and people in the private lic interest The list serves as an transportation fields. and environmental of news about current for the exchange informal network for advice discussion of problems and solutions, requests research, and and assistance announcements of upcoming conferences a very topics range of environmental broad This list covers events. to surface transportationrelated development planning, project and construction and maintenance. an email to subscribe: Send To Transp-l Mason the George discussion list hosted by Transportation Policy. of Public Institute University to subscribe: [email protected] Address Last (Your Name) First to send: subscribe transp-l (Your Message Name) Alliance TransWild Alliance is an informal TransWild 2005, in November, Founded alliance among conservation organizations striving to influence impacts on wildlife. transportation and policy reduce projects join, email To www.TransWildAlliance.org 270 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 273 APPENDIX Forman, T., D. Sperling, et al. 2003. Road Ecology: Science and et al. 2003. Road D. Sperling, T., Forman, DC. Washington, Press, Island Solutions. and Highways O. 2004. 20th-Century Sprawl: Gutfreund, Press, University of the American Landscape. Oxford Reshaping York. New York, New of Native Use 2000. Roadside Wilson. B., and M. Harper-Lore, DC. Washington, Press, Island Plants. & Dependence 1993. Automobile Hart, S. and A. Spivak. on the Economy Impacts in the Bedroom: The Elephant Denial: California. Books, Pasadena, Paradigm New and Environment. Island 1991. Landscape Linkages and Biodiversity. W. Hudson, DC. Washington, Press, A Road: the High Taking 2005. Katz, B., and R. Puentos. Brookings Reform. Transportation Agenda for Metropolitan DC. Washington, Press, Institution Over Took the Automobile How J. 1997. Asphalt Nation: Kay, of California University Back. It Take Can We America and how California. Berkeley, Press, San Jossey-Bass, for the Long Haul. Klein, K. 2000. Fundraising California. Francisco, San Change. Jossey-Bass, for Social Klein, K. 2001. Fundraising California. Francisco, to Common Guide A Field Fauna: Knutson, R. 2006. Flattened Press, Speed Ten and Highways. Streets, Animals of Roads, California. Berkeley, The Rise and of Nowhere: The Geography J. 1994. Kunstler, & Schuster, Landscape. Simon Man-Made of America’s Decline NY. York, New the 2006. From and A. Canby. M., K. McCarty, Maguire, Transportation to A Guide to the Mainstream: Margins Policy Transportation Surface Community. Your Opportunities in DC. Washington, Partnership, Banking: 1996. Mitigation and D. Salvesn. L., D. Porter, Marsh, DC. Washington, Press, Island Theory and Practice. and Sons, Wiley John with Nature. I. 1992. Design McHarg, York. New York, New Inc., Thesis Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands. Delft, Technology, of University Thesis Delft the Move: 2003. On J., and M. Sweeny. Davidson, Geographic, National and the American Story. Transportation DC. Washington, and J. K. Kozloff, N. Johnson, Faeth, P. R., D. Ditz, Dower, Environmentally of Sustainability: 1997. Frontiers MacKenzie. and Power Transportation, Forestry, Agriculture, Sound DC. Washington, Press, Island Production. of Open Space The Nature 2006. Law Institute. Environmental and Biodiversity. Linking Land Protection Programs: DC. Washington, Law Institute, Environmental BOOKS a 2006. Designing and H. Castro. Castro, R., F. Abadia, Conservation Workshop. the 4-P Communication Strategy: DC. Washington, International, Transportation and Highway American Association of State and Design of Highways on Geometric 2004. A Policy Officials. and American Association of State Edition. Fifth Streets, DC. Washington, Officials, Transportation Highway Were There K., M. Raimi, and D. Chen. 1991. Once F. Benfield, America’s is Undermining Sprawl Urban How Greenfields: Resources Natural Fabric. and Social Economy, Environment, Partnership, Policy Transportation Council and Surface Defense DC. Washington, to Approach An Ecosystem J. 2006. Eco-Logical: Brown, Highway Federal Projects. Infrastructure Developing DC. Washington, Administration, and Loans Directory. Canada Books. 2007. American Grants Quebec. Canada Books, Prevost, 2004. and J. Dunstan. R.A. Smith, Chadde, J., L. Rulison, and Community Appearance to Enhance Guidelines Design University, Technological Michigan Resources. Natural Protect Michigan. Houghton, and Civil Engineering Bohemen, H.D. 2004. Ecological of Ecological Engineering Set A Practical Works: Engineering PhD and Coastal Management. Infrastructure for Road Principles 272 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 275 APPENDIX , monthly. Thomson , monthly. , quarterly. The Wildlife Society. Wildlife The , quarterly. , quarterly. Institute of Physics Institute , quarterly. , quarterly. Society for Conservation Society , quarterly. , bi-weekly. Society for Conservation Society , bi-weekly. , bi-monthly. The Ecological Society of Society The Ecological , bi-monthly. , bi-monthly. Society for Conservation Society , bi-monthly. , eight issues per year. Springer Life Sciences. Springer , eight issues per year. , bi-monthly. Federal Highway Administration. Highway Federal , bi-monthly. , monthly. The Ecological Society of America. Society The Ecological , monthly. , weekly. Nature Publishing Group. London, England. Group. Publishing Nature , weekly. Scientific. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Scientific. Philadelphia, Journal of Environmental Management of Environmental Journal Bethesda, Maryland. Bethesda, Landscape Ecology York. New York, New Journal of Wildlife Management Wildlife of Journal Nature Roads Public Virginia. McLean, Union of Concerned Scientists. 1991. Steering a New Course: a New of Concerned Scientists. 1991. Steering Union of Union and the Environment. Energy, Transportation, Concerned Scientists, Boston, Massachusetts. Improving Nature: 2003. Second and M. Ernst. White, P. of Defenders Second. Nature Putting Without Transportation Partnership, Policy Transportation and Surface Wildlife DC. Washington, Laws of Successful The Nine This: Hear K. 2001. Now Wolf, Communications, Communications. Fenton Advocacy DC. Washington, JOURNALS ACADEMIC Conservation Biological Virginia. Arlington, Biology. Conservation Biology Virginia. Arlington, Biology. Practice Conservation In Virginia. Arlington, Biology. America. Washington, DC. America. Washington, Ecology Ecological Applications Ecological DC. Washington, Letters Research Environmental DC. Washington, Publishing. etwork Vision: A Science-Based Approach to Rewilding the to Rewilding Approach A Science-Based Vision: etwork Miller, B., D. Foreman, et al. 2003. Southern Rockies Wildlands Rockies et al. 2003. Southern B., D. Foreman, Miller, N Southern Rockies, The Colorado Mountain Club Press, Golden, Club Press, The Colorado Mountain Rockies, Southern Colorado. Toward Moving Gridlock: J. 2001. Breaking Motavalli, Francisco, Club Books, San Sierra Works. That Transportation California. Tax How Subsidies: 2001. Perverse N. and J. Kent. Myers, Island and the Economy. the Environment Can Undercut Dollars DC. Washington, Press, Wetland Council. 2001. Compensating for Research National Press, Academy National Act. Water the Clean Losses Under DC. Washington, the Council. 2005. Assessing and Managing Research National Academies The National Roads. of Paved Impacts Ecological DC. Washington, Press, Action and Environmental Federation Wildlife National to Guide A Citizen’s of the Road: The End 1997. Foundation. and Federation Wildlife National Problemsolving. Transportation DC. Washington, Foundation, Action Environmental Wild Reviving It: Through Runs R. 2006. A Road T. Petersen, Books, Johnson Roads. Center for Preventing Wildlands Places. Colorado. Boulder, Board Groups:A for Small Gifts A. 2004. Big Robinson, of $500 to $5,000. Gifts to Securing Guide 1-Hour Member’s Massachusetts. Medfield, & Church, Emerson to Guide An Activist’s Grants: A. 2004. Grassroots Robinson, Francisco, San Jossey-Bass, Edition. Second Grantseeking, California. Press, Island and the Law. III. 1996. Biodiversity W., Snape, DC. Washington, The Heritage: 2000. Precious and J. Adams. B., L. Kutner, Stein, University Oxford States. in the United of Biodiversity Status England. Oxford, Press, a Sustainable Toward 1997. Board. Research Transportation Vehicle of Motor Effects the Long-Term Addressing Future: 251. Report on Climate and Ecology. Transportation DC. Washington, Board. Research Transportation 274 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 277 APPENDIX American Society of Civil Engineers Annual Conferences Annual Conferences of Civil Engineers American Society http://www.asce.org/conferences/ Association of Conservation Annual Conference Engineers http://conservationengineers.org/conferences/ problems and solutions of common developments, Engineering to conservationinterest agencies. Association for ConservationAnnual Meeting Information http://www.aci-net.org/conferences.htm trains and informs the staffs of member agencies pro- ACI ideas and newvides forums concepts, and to improve to exchange skills and craftsmanship. Agencies Annual Conference Wildlife and Association of Fish http://www.fishwildlife.org/annualmeet.html conference regional Northeast http://www.neafwa.org/ conferences regional Midwest http://mafwa.iafwa.org/meetings.htm conferences regional Southern http://www.sdafs.org/events/events.htm conference regional Western http://www.wafwa.org/4.2.1.html Lands for Public Association of Partners http://www.appl.org/News_Events/calendar.htm and stewardship to public understanding, appreciation Dedicated natural and cultural heritage. of America’s and Creation on Ecosystems Restoration Annual Conference http://www.hccfl.edu/depts/detp/ecoconf.html Urbanism for New Congress http://www.cnu.org/ with newcollaboration and education. Deals urbanist networking, Construction Superconference http://www.constructionsuperconference.com/ the construction industry. For Conference National Solutions Contact Sensitive http://www.contextsensitivesolutions.org/community/calendar/view in applying CSS progress national CSS leaders reviewing Features the country throughout principles to key projects and discussing of CSS. the future , quarterly. The Wildlife Society. Bethesda, Society. Wildlife The , quarterly. ashington, DC. , quarterly. The Wildlands Project. Richmond, Vermont. Richmond, Project. Wildlands The , quarterly. , bi-monthly. Transportation Research Board, National Board, Research Transportation , bi-monthly. , weekly. American Association for the Advancement of American Association for the Advancement , weekly. TR News DC. Washington, Council. Research Science Science. W CONFERENCES of Science American Association for the Advancement http://www.aaas.org/meetings/Annual_Meeting/ segment of the science, technology A gathering for the growing in—or impacted by— and engineering communities interested interactions among a range of topics and disciplines. Transportation and Highway American Association of State (AASHTO) Officials associations and subcommittees regional Annual Meeting, http://www.transportation.org/meetings/ Conference National Trust’s American Farmland http://www.farmland.org/news/events/ best farm and ranch land the nation’s Commits to protecting the economic viability of agriculture. improving Annual Meeting Society American Fisheries http://www.fisheries.org/afs/annualmeetings.html of fisheries the sustainability and sound stewardship Promotes and aquatic ecosystems, encourages members to be resources professionals. by decision makers and natural resource recognized Sciences Annual Meeting of Biological American Institute http://www.aibs.org/annual-meeting/ focused discussion of timely subjects at the science-pol- Provides educators, students, icy interface for an audience of professionals, scientists, government organizations staff, non-governmental and the media. members of Congress Conference Association National American Planning http://planning.org/conferences/future.htm Chapter conferences http://www.planning.org/chapters/conferences.html Maryland. Wild Earth Wild Society Bulletin Wildlife 276 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 279 APPENDIX and economic benefits that flow from well-planned and environ- from and economic benefits that flow mentally sound transportation networks. Land Conservation Annual and Alliance National Trust Land Conferences Regional http://www.lta.org/training/index.html members, 1,700 land trust volunteers, board Over professionals, attorneys, appraisers and land conservation public agency staff, advocates. Association of Conservation Massachusetts Commissions Annual Conference http://www.maccweb.org/edu_aec.html England Conservation Commissioners, other 1000 New Over officials, consult- local officials, state and federal environmental ants, attorneys and others. and Highway of State Conference Valley Mississippi Officials Transportation each year. website DOT to be found at host state’s Website Association of ConservationAnnual Meeting Districts National http://www.nacdnet.org/meetings/ to unify districts concerned with conservation.A national group Legislators Caucus of Environmental National http://www.ncel.net/ Washington, coincident with the national and times a year Three Legislatures of State Conference DC meetings of the National and the Environment on Science, Policy Conference National http://www.ncseonline.org/NCSEconference/ that brings a topical conference NCSE convenes Each year, of scientific, educational, business, civil society together hundreds leaders. and government Legislatures of State Conference National http://www.ncsl.org/annualmeeting/ Summit Partnership Environmental National http://www.environmentalsummit.org/ into a national community of activists The summit has evolved collabora- committed to making the world a better place through from professionals and assistance providers tion of environmental sectors. diverse and Conservation Conference Mitigation Banking National http://www.mitigationbankingconference.com/ ffice, NatureServe and Defenders of Wildlife hosted workshops to hosted workshops Wildlife of and Defenders ffice, NatureServe Defenders of Wildlife Habitat and Highways Campaign Workshops Campaign Habitat and Highways Wildlife of Defenders http://www.defenders.org/habitat/highways/workshops/home.html Review and Environmental Development Project The FHWA O improve linkages between conservation and transportation planning. improve Conference Carnivores Wildlife of Defenders http://www.carnivoreconference.org to together academics, activists and wildlife professionals Brings conservation. in carnivore discuss a wide array of issues involved of America Annual Meeting Society Ecological http://esa.org/member_services/eventsCalendar/ Science Forum Information Biodiversity Annual Global Symposium http://www.gbif.org/GBIF_org/gbif_symposia digitization and global dissemination of primary biodi- Facilitates data. versity Challenges – Open Change: Regional Environmental Global Science Conference http://www.essp.org/en/open-science-conferences.html fields to diverse from brings together researchers The conference and structure undertake an integrated study of the Earth system’s functioning, the changes occurring to system, and impli- cations of those changes for global sustainability. Council Building Green GreenBuild-U.S. http://www.greenbuildexpo.org/ is an industry the transforma- gathering to advance Greenbuild tion of the marketplace. Annual Association for Landscape Ecology International (U.S. Chapter) Conference http://www.usiale.org/ Transportation on Ecology and Conference International http://www.icoet.net range of ecological issues a broad addressing biennially, Held to surface transportationrelated including wildlife, development, ecosystems management overall water quality, fisheries, wetlands, policy issues. and related and the Environment on Roads Conference International http://www.irfnet.org/cms/pages/en/ViewPage.asp?id=84&mTitre=% 20-%20Conferences%20&%20Seminars entities committed to A global platform for public and private social promotes Federation Road International development. road 278 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 281 APPENDIX Northeastern Transportation and Wildlife Conference Wildlife and Transportation Northeastern http://www.maine.gov/mdot/ntwc/ the on the years Biennially or Maine. Hampshire, New Vermont, In (ICOET) Transportation on Ecology and Conference International of ICOET. equivalent is the regional is not taking place. It Annual Managers Information Wildlife and of Fish Organization Meeting http://www.ofwim.org/meetings/index.html and the meeting is held in a vary to year, year widely from Topics state each year. different Annual Meeting Planners Wildlife of Organization http://www.owpweb.org/AnnualConf/ their annually to help fish and wildlife agencies improve Hosted management effectiveness. Comes of Age Planning Regional http://www.rpa.org/ and helps region, Jersey-Connecticut York-New Serves the New open spaces, and promote shape transportation systems, protect continued growth. better community design for the region’s for ConservationAnnual Meeting Society Biology http://www.conbio.org/Activities/Meetings/ the scientific study of phenomena to promoting Dedicated of biological that affect the maintenance, loss and restoration diversity. and Comparative for Integrative of the Society Annual Meeting Biology http://www.sicb.org/meetings/ in numerous symposia during the society’s is presented Research Annual Meeting. Annual Conference Conservation Society’s Water and Soil http://www.swcs.org/en/swcs_conferences/ on Conservation Conference Science Student http://www.sccs-cam.org/ conservation young scientists gain experience, learn new ideas Helps careers. for their future and make contacts that will be valuable Annual Meeting Board Resource Transportation http://www.trb.org/meeting/ 10,000 transportation from professionals approximately Attracts all transportation modes, The meeting covers around the world. in 500 sessions addressing than 2,800 presentations with more topics. many various ashington, DC. It brings together professional scientists, engi- ashington, DC. It National Roadside Vegetation Management Association Conference Management Vegetation Roadside National http://www.nrvma.org/conferenceinformation.html Design Expo Sustainable National http://es.epa.gov/ncer/p3/expo/index.html in Mall on the National The expo is held in the spring each year W neers and business leaders around innovations designed to innovations neers and business leaders around impact. environmental while reducing economic growth advance Conference Areas Association – Annual Natural Areas Natural http://www.naturalarea.org/conference.asp to inform, unite and supportThe association works persons managing and studying natu- engaged in identifying, protecting, landscapes and ecosystems. and biological diversity across ral areas Annual Conference Growth for Smart Partners New http://www.newpartners.org/ communities. safe, healthy and livable Promoting Conference Resources and Natural Wildlife American North http://www.wildlifemanagementinstitute.org/ to the conservation,Dedicated enhancement and professional wildlife and other natural America’s management of North resources. Annual Officials Transportation Association of State Northeast Conference https://www.nysdot.gov/portal/page/portal/nasto/repository/index.html from the state transportation together representatives Brings and the Canadian States departments of the northeastern United and Quebec. of Ontario provinces Annual Conferences International NatureServe http://www.natureserve.org/visitLocal/conferencesTraining.jsp a are of natural heritage programs and its network NatureServe species and endangered for information about rare good source ecosystems. and threatened Conference Transportation Northwest http://kiewit.oregonstate.edu/nwtc/ Annual Program Evaluation Product Transportation National Meeting http://www.ntpep.org/ContentManagement/PageBody.asp?PAGE_ID=34 and industry to discuss national side-by-side work DOTs State products. engineered to proprietary, policy as it relates 280 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 283 APPENDIX Major Highways Major Alfred E. Johnson Achievement Award Award Achievement E. Johnson Alfred Award Memorial Thomas H. MacDonald Awards Transportation President’s Service of Meritorious Award 25-Year Awards Engineering Value Award Globe Local or Secondary Roads Bridges Transit Public Airports Railroads and Ports Waterways Awards Wetlands National Design in Highway Excellence Awards Excellence Environmental FHWA Resources and Historical Cultural Wildlife and Habitat Ecosystems, Leadership Environmental Research Environmental Streamlining Environmental Communities Livable/Sustainable Transportation Non-motorized and Reuse Recycling and Maintenance Management Resource Roadside Scenic Byways Quality Water and Watersheds Wetlands, ransportation Officials AWARDS and Highway Association of State American T http://www.transportation.org/?siteid=37&pageid=1981 Builders & Road The American Transportation Association http://www.artba.org/pdf/2007_Globe_Award_Brochure.pdf Law Institute Environmental http://www2.eli.org/nwa/nwaprogram.htm Administration Highway Federal http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/eihd/index.htm http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/eea.htm Improvement Air Quality ersity, sustain productivity and ensure responsible use of responsible and ensure sustain productivity ersity, U.S. Green Building Council – Events Calendar Council – Events Building U.S. Green http://www.usgbc.org/Events/EventsConferenceCalendar.aspx?CMSPa geID=143 Show Trade and Annual Conference Society’s Wildlife The http://www.wildlife.org/conference/index.cfm to conserveAims to enhance the ability of wildlife professionals div TRAININGS Service Wildlife & U.S. Fish http://training.fws.gov/ of Land Management Bureau http://www.ntc.blm.gov/ Service U.S. Forest http://www.fs.fed.us/biology/education/ Alliance Land Trust http://www.lta.org/training/index.html wildlife resources for the benefit of society. wildlife resources Research Transport on Conference World http://www.uctc.net/wctrs/ brings together transportation the conference years, three Every managers, policy analysts, advisers, operators and academics, all in promoting state of the art and state of with a common interest of transport research. the practice in all areas on Ecosystem Services Symposium Kathryn Fuller http://worldwildlife.org/fellowships/fuller_symposium.cfm World the by sponsored Symposium, Each Science for Nature in a practical research is designed to result Federation, Wildlife agenda that would most benefit conservation on a particular work topic; a number of specific collaborations among scientists and conservationists to pursue that agenda; and summary documents on the content of symposium. 282 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Appendix 285 APPENDIX Partnering the Mold Breaking Risk Taking Communication Public Partnership Quality Star Presidential Award Presidential State Winners State A Difference Making Preserve America Preserve http://www.preserveamerica.gov/presidentialaward.html METAPHORS TRANSPORTATION up to speed Getting the wheel Reinventing the rubber meets the road Where the right track On side of the tracks the wrong From get there that bridge when we Cross bridges Burning out of control Spinning to the metal Pedal to hell Highway to nowhere Bridge Light at the end of tunnel That train has left the station way or the highway My it for a spin Take the wheel Take the high road Taking the brakes on Put the road down Further end Dead on truckin’ Keep Jack! the road, Hit 66 kicks on Route your Get Asset Management and Planning Asset Management Training and Education Planning Freight Security and Personal Homeland and Operations Linking Planning Applications Technology and Modeling Leadership Planning and Outreach Involvement Public Planning Safety Integration and Land Use Transportation and Environment Planning Transportation Planning Transportation Tribal Transportation Planning Excellence Awards Excellence Planning Transportation Award Transport Sustainable program Awards Achievement Road Global Construction Design Mitigation Environmental Finance Innovative Management Maintenance Management Program Management Quality Research Safety and Manufacturing Equipment Technology, Systems Transportation and Intelligent Management Traffic Award Excellence Environmental President’s Award Excellence Environmental National Award Achievement National Project for a Small Recognition Special Project for a Structure Recognition Special Winners Level Gold Federal Highway Administration and Federal and Federal Transit Administration Highway Federal Administration http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/tpea/ Policy and Development for Institute Transportation http://www.itdp.org/events.html Federation Road International http://www.irfnet.org/cms/pages/en/ViewPage.asp?id=67&mTitre=% 20-%20Global%20Road%20Achievement%20Awards and Lobbying Advocacy Professionals Association of Environmental National http://www.naep.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=12 Quality on Highway Partnership National http://www.nphq.org/awards_success.cfm 284 GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation for Conservationists | Defenders of Wildlife GETTING UP TO SPEED: A Guide to Transportation

Appendix Defenders of Wildlife Habitat and Highways Campaign 1130 17th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036-4604