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The Santa Fe Group of North-Central New Mexico Brewster Baldwin, 1956, Pp New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/7 The Santa Fe Group of north-central New Mexico Brewster Baldwin, 1956, pp. 115-121 in: Southeastern Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Rosenweig, A.; [ed.], New Mexico Geological Society 7th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 151 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1956 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. No material from the NMGS website, or printed and electronic publications, may be reprinted or redistributed without NMGS permission. Contact us for permission to reprint portions of any of our publications. One printed copy of any materials from the NMGS website or our print and electronic publications may be made for individual use without our permission. Teachers and students may make unlimited copies for educational use. Any other use of these materials requires explicit permission. This page is intentionally left blank to maintain order of facing pages. NEW MEXICO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY * SEVENTH FIELD CONFERENCE THE SANTA FE GROUP posits.The marlof Haydenis now recognizedas caliche. OF NORTH-CENTRAL NEW MEXICO For manyyears, interest in the SantaFe was confinedto studyof theabundant fossils collected near Espanola, By untilBryan began a systematicstudy of the Rio Grande BrewsterBaldwin troughand its sedimentsin the1930’s. A detailedstudy New MexicoBureau of Minesand MineralResources of the Rio Puertoarea by Bryanand McCann(1937, 1938) was followedby Bryan’s(1938) regional study of theRio INTRODUCTION GrandeValley, and Bryan’sstudents mapped contiguous The SantaFe groupis a complexsequence of basin- areas(see Stearns, 1953a, fig. 6, formap showingthe fillingsedimentary and someassociated volcanic rocks areasstudied). Bryan (1938) concluded that the bulk depositedin the RioGrande trough during late Cenozoic theSanta Fe wasdeposited in closedstructural basins; time.The workof KirkBryan, his students,and V.C. alsothe SantaFe was subdividedinto three units: the Kelleyhas clarifiedmany of therelationships between LowerGray, Middle Red, and UpperBuff members of the structure,stratigraphy, andphysiography of this struc- SantaFe formation(Bryan and McCann,1937). These units ’ruraltrough. R~cent work (Spiegel and Baldwin,manu- appearto be validtoday in the areaof figure1. Whereas script)by Baldwinand Kottlowskiin the SantaFe area the reportsby Bryanand hisstudents emphasized the hasled to a revisionof thedefinition of "SantaFe". stratigraphyand physiography,Kelly (1952, 1954) was Thisarticle is notintended as a formalpublication concernedprimarily with tectonics of the RioGrande trough eitherof theproposed revision of ’*SantaFe" or of andits relation to stratigraphyand physiography. proposedformation names; the purposeis to summarize the presentunderstanding of the SantaFe group. The faunacollected near Espanolawerestudied by Cope (1874),Matthew (1909), Osborn (1918), and Simpson (1933). Hayden’s(1869, pp. 166-170)original definition of the In tb~1920’s faunal collections attracted the attention of SantaFe marlsfollows: Dr.Childs Frick (1926a), and the FrickLaboratory of the "FromSanta Fe to the banksof the Gallisteo Creek, AmericanMuseum of NaturalHistory has beenmaking eighteen miles, we pass over the recent marls and sands carefulcollections and studies of thefauna to thepresent which seem to occupy the greater portion of the valley of time.Several monographic studies of certainmammal the Rio Grande, above and below Santa Fe, which I have calledSanta Fe marls..... " groupshave been published (Frick, 1926b, 1933, 1937), but theseare not accompaniedby specificstatements re- "From Santcl Fe to Fmbudo Creek, and mostly even to gardingposition of the collections.However, Frick (1937) Toes, the Santa Fe marls cover the country. On the east appearedto be in generalagreement with the upperBar- side of the Rio Grande i did not observe a single dike, from the Cerillos to the mouth of the Chama Creek. North stolon-lowerClarendonian (Miocene-Pliocene transition of that the melted material has been poured over the marl zone)age assigned by the others.It is generallybelieved so as to form broad mesas. On the west side there are thatthe collectionswere from the "typicalSanta Fe", numerousoutbursts of igneousmatter. These Santa Fe the mainmiddle unit of Bryanand McCann’sSanta Fe marls reach o great thicknessnorth of Santa Fe, in the formation. Rio Grande Valleys from one thousand two hundred to one thousand five hundred feet, and have a tendency to weather into similar monumental and castellatedforms, as in the Althoughthe Santa Fe has been subdividedin some "Bad Lands".The upper portions are yellow and cream areas,the paucity of vertebrateremains has made it diffi- coloredsandstones, sands, and marls.Lower down are cultto correlatesubdivisions from one part of thetrough some gray coarse sand beds with layers of sandstone. All to another.Correlation by lithologic type and local se- these marls dip from the range westward three to five de- grees. The Rio Grande we’ors its way through these marls quence is hinderedby theextreme lithologic variability of with a bottom about two miles wide. On the west Side are the sediments.The "SantaFe formation"of some re- distinctterraces with the summits planed off smoothly portsrefers to allthree units of thebasin-filling sequence, likemesas. The first one is eighty feetabove the river; whereasthe same term in otherreports is restrictedto the the second one, two hundred feet. These marls extend all middleunit. incorrect correlations have further compli- the way between the margins of the Santa Fe Mountains on the east side and the Jemez Range on the west. Most catedthe meaning,for in some reports"Santa Fe" is of the Chorea Hills, and I think the entire hills, are cam- inadvertentlyused in botha restrictedand unrestricted posedof it ......" sense. Johnson(1903) demonstrated that the "SantaFe marls" ThereforeBaldwin and Kottlowski(Spiegel and Baldwin, in thevicinity of theCerrillos were in factalluvial de- manuscript)propose that the term"Santa Fe" be raisedto 115 NEW MEXICO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY * SEVENTH FIELD CONFERENCE groupstatus, and that it includeall three of theunits re- Theintermediate voJcanics of the Cienegaarea are cognizedby Bryanand h~s students,The name*~Tesuque overlain,possibly with unconformity, by the flows of f~ formationis proposedfor the middle ;unit in theSanta the Cieneguilla[imburgite (Stearns t 1953b).Just west Fe area,the unit hitherto called "Santa Fe formation"in of theCienega area limburgite flows are in turnoverlaln its restrictedsense. The SantaFe groupas definedre- by tuffaceousand volcanicsedimentary rocks which presentsthe basin-fillingsedimentaryand volcanic rocks Stearns(1953a) named the Abiquiu(?)formation associatedwith the RioGrande trough, and it rangesin age tentativelycorrelated with the Abiquiu tuff (Smith, frommiddle Miocene (?) to Pleistocene(?). In the Santa 1938),the basalunit of the SantaFe group.Indirect Fe area~the lower limit of the SantaFe groupis takenas evidencesuggests that the Abiquiutuff and the Abi- the top of the Espinasovolcanics and Cieneguilla limbur- quiu(?)formation are middle Miocene in age;if so,the gite,and as thebase of theAbiquiu(?) formation Espinasovolcanism occupied some or all of the inter- Stearns(1953o). The upperlimit of theSanta Fe group val betweenlatest Eocene and middleMiocene. Stearns is chosento excludeonly alluvium and terraces of present (1953a)suggests that there was a significantinterval drainage,and thusthe basalt flows west of SantaFe are of deformationand erosionbetween Espinaso and Abi- in the upperpart of theSanta Fe group.Future studies quiutime; the Cieneguilla limburgite was extruded at maylead to modificationof these limits, sometime within this interval. EARLY CENOZOIC HISTORY SANTA FE GROUP Laramidedeformation in the SantaFe arearesulted Correlation in the formationof mountainsand intermontanebasins. Descriptionof the three main units of theSanta Fe Stearns(1943) outlined the depositionalbasin of the groupis simplifiedby firstestablishing certain cor- Galisteoformation, generally south andsouthwest of relations.Figure 2 showsthe subdivisionsof theSanta thecity of SantaFe.
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