RTU Course "Analytical Mechanics. Advanced Course" 25601 Null General Data Code MTM639 Course Title Analytical Mechanics
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
All-Master-File-Problem-Set
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK First Examination for PhD Candidates in Physics Analytical Dynamics Summer 2010 Do two of the following three problems. Start each problem on a new page. Indicate clearly which two problems you choose to solve. If you do not indicate which problems you wish to be graded, only the first two problems will be graded. Put your identification number on each page. 1. A particle moves without friction on the axially symmetric surface given by 1 z = br2, x = r cos φ, y = r sin φ 2 where b > 0 is constant and z is the vertical direction. The particle is subject to a homogeneous gravitational force in z-direction given by −mg where g is the gravitational acceleration. (a) (2 points) Write down the Lagrangian for the system in terms of the generalized coordinates r and φ. (b) (3 points) Write down the equations of motion. (c) (5 points) Find the Hamiltonian of the system. (d) (5 points) Assume that the particle is moving in a circular orbit at height z = a. Obtain its energy and angular momentum in terms of a, b, g. (e) (10 points) The particle in the horizontal orbit is poked downwards slightly. Obtain the frequency of oscillation about the unperturbed orbit for a very small oscillation amplitude. 2. Use relativistic dynamics to solve the following problem: A particle of rest mass m and initial velocity v0 along the x-axis is subject after t = 0 to a constant force F acting in the y-direction. -
Hamilton's Principle in Continuum Mechanics
Hamilton’s Principle in Continuum Mechanics A. Bedford University of Texas at Austin This document contains the complete text of the monograph published in 1985 by Pitman Publishing, Ltd. Copyright by A. Bedford. 1 Contents Preface 4 1 Mechanics of Systems of Particles 8 1.1 The First Problem of the Calculus of Variations . 8 1.2 Conservative Systems . 12 1.2.1 Hamilton’s principle . 12 1.2.2 Constraints.......................... 15 1.3 Nonconservative Systems . 17 2 Foundations of Continuum Mechanics 20 2.1 Mathematical Preliminaries . 20 2.1.1 Inner Product Spaces . 20 2.1.2 Linear Transformations . 22 2.1.3 Functions, Continuity, and Differentiability . 24 2.1.4 Fields and the Divergence Theorem . 25 2.2 Motion and Deformation . 27 2.3 The Comparison Motion . 32 2.4 The Fundamental Lemmas . 36 3 Mechanics of Continuous Media 39 3.1 The Classical Theories . 40 3.1.1 IdealFluids.......................... 40 3.1.2 ElasticSolids......................... 46 3.1.3 Inelastic Materials . 50 3.2 Theories with Microstructure . 54 3.2.1 Granular Solids . 54 3.2.2 Elastic Solids with Microstructure . 59 2 4 Mechanics of Mixtures 65 4.1 Motions and Comparison Motions of a Mixture . 66 4.1.1 Motions............................ 66 4.1.2 Comparison Fields . 68 4.2 Mixtures of Ideal Fluids . 71 4.2.1 Compressible Fluids . 71 4.2.2 Incompressible Fluids . 73 4.2.3 Fluids with Microinertia . 75 4.3 Mixture of an Ideal Fluid and an Elastic Solid . 83 4.4 A Theory of Mixtures with Microstructure . 86 5 Discontinuous Fields 91 5.1 Singular Surfaces . -
Introduction and Basic Concepts
ANALYTICAL MECHANICS Introduction and Basic Concepts Paweª FRITZKOWSKI, Ph.D. Eng. Division of Technical Mechanics Institute of Applied Mechanics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Management POZNAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Agenda 1 Introduction to the Course 2 Degrees of Freedom and Constraints 3 Generalized Quantities 4 Problems 5 Summary 6 Bibliography Paweª Fritzkowski Introduction: Basic Concepts 2 / 37 1. Introduction to the Course Introduction to the Course Analytical mechanics What is it all about? Paweª Fritzkowski Introduction: Basic Concepts 4 / 37 Introduction to the Course Analytical mechanics What is it all about? Analytical mechanics... is a branch of classical mechanics results from a reformulation of the classical Galileo's and Newton's concepts is an approach dierent from the vector Newtonian mechanics: more advanced, sophisticated and mathematically-oriented eliminates the need to analyze forces on isolated parts of mechanical systems is a more global way of thinking: allows one to treat a system as a whole Paweª Fritzkowski Introduction: Basic Concepts 5 / 37 Introduction to the Course Analytical mechanics What is it all about? (cont.) provides more powerful and easier ways to derive equations of motion, even for complex mechanical systems is based on some scalar functions which describe an entire system is a common tool for creating mathematical models for numerical simulations has spread far beyond the pure mechanics and inuenced various areas of physics Paweª Fritzkowski Introduction: Basic Concepts 6 / 37 -
Analytical Mechanics
A Guided Tour of Analytical Mechanics with animations in MAPLE Rouben Rostamian Department of Mathematics and Statistics UMBC [email protected] December 2, 2018 ii Contents Preface vii 1 An introduction through examples 1 1.1 ThesimplependulumàlaNewton ...................... 1 1.2 ThesimplependulumàlaEuler ....................... 3 1.3 ThesimplependulumàlaLagrange.. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. 3 1.4 Thedoublependulum .............................. 4 Exercises .......................................... .. 6 2 Work and potential energy 9 Exercises .......................................... .. 12 3 A single particle in a conservative force field 13 3.1 The principle of conservation of energy . ..... 13 3.2 Thescalarcase ................................... 14 3.3 Stability....................................... 16 3.4 Thephaseportraitofasimplependulum . ... 16 Exercises .......................................... .. 17 4 TheKapitsa pendulum 19 4.1 Theinvertedpendulum ............................. 19 4.2 Averaging out the fast oscillations . ...... 19 4.3 Stabilityanalysis ............................... ... 22 Exercises .......................................... .. 23 5 Lagrangian mechanics 25 5.1 Newtonianmechanics .............................. 25 5.2 Holonomicconstraints............................ .. 26 5.3 Generalizedcoordinates .......................... ... 29 5.4 Virtual displacements, virtual work, and generalized force....... 30 5.5 External versus reaction forces . ..... 32 5.6 The equations of motion for a holonomic system . ... -
On the Foundations of Analytical Dynamics F.E
International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 37 (2002) 1079–1090 On the foundations of analytical dynamics F.E. Udwadiaa; ∗, R.E. Kalabab aAerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mathematics, and Information and Operations Management, 430K Olin Hall, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1453, USA bBiomedical Engineering and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA Abstract In this paper, we present the general structure for the explicit equations of motion for general mechanical systems subjected to holonomic and non-holonomic equality constraints. The constraints considered here need not satisfy D’Alembert’s principle, and our derivation is not based on the principle of virtual work. Therefore, the equations obtained here have general applicability. They show that in the presence of such constraints, the constraint force acting on the systemcan always be viewed as madeup of the sumof two components.The explicit formfor each of the two components is provided. The ÿrst of these components is the constraint force that would have existed, were all the constraints ideal; the second is caused by the non-ideal nature of the constraints, and though it needs speciÿcation by the mechanician and depends on the particular situation at hand, this component nonetheless has a speciÿc form. The paper also provides a generalized formof D’Alembert’sprinciple which is then used to obtain the explicit equations of motion for constrained mechanical systems where the constraints may be non-ideal. We show an example where the new general, explicit equations of motion obtained in this paper are used to directly write the equations of motion for describing a non-holonomically constrained system with non-ideal constraints. -
Analytical Mechanics: Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formalism
MATH-F-204 Analytical mechanics: Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism Glenn Barnich Physique Théorique et Mathématique Université libre de Bruxelles and International Solvay Institutes Campus Plaine C.P. 231, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgique Bureau 2.O6. 217, E-mail: [email protected], Tel: 02 650 58 01. The aim of the course is an introduction to Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics. The fundamental equations as well as standard applications of Newtonian mechanics are derived from variational principles. From a mathematical perspective, the course and exercises (i) constitute an application of differential and integral calculus (primitives, inverse and implicit function theorem, graphs and functions); (ii) provide examples and explicit solutions of first and second order systems of differential equations; (iii) give an implicit introduction to differential manifolds and to realiza- tions of Lie groups and algebras (change of coordinates, parametrization of a rotation, Galilean group, canonical transformations, one-parameter subgroups, infinitesimal transformations). From a physical viewpoint, a good grasp of the material of the course is indispensable for a thorough understanding of the structure of quantum mechanics, both in its operatorial and path integral formulations. Furthermore, the discussion of Noether’s theorem and Galilean invariance is done in a way that allows for a direct generalization to field theories with Poincaré or conformal invariance. 2 Contents 1 Extremisation, constraints and Lagrange multipliers 5 1.1 Unconstrained extremisation . .5 1.2 Constraints and regularity conditions . .5 1.3 Constrained extremisation . .7 2 Constrained systems and d’Alembert principle 9 2.1 Holonomic constraints . .9 2.2 d’Alembert’s theorem . 10 2.3 Non-holonomic constraints . -
Ed Reiss Library Collection
Ed Reiss Library Collection This collection can be found in the Main Office of the Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics in Tech M426. BOOKS Author(s) Title Year of Publication A Abramowitz M., Stegun I., Editors Handbook of Mathematical Functions 1965 Abramsom H.N. An Introduction to the Dynamics of Airplanes 1958 Achenbach J.D. Reciprocity in Elastodynamics 2003 Achenbach J.D., Pao Y.H., Tiersten Report of the Workshop on Application of Elastic Waves in Electrical Devices, Non-Destructive H.F. Testing and Seismology 1976 *Agnew, R. P. Calculus: Analytic Geometry and Calculus, with Vectors 1962 Akhiezer N.I. The Calculus of Variations 1962 Albers V.M. Underwater Sound 1972 Albers V.M. Underwater Acoustics Vol II 1967 Alfrey Jr. T. Mechanical Behavior of High Polymers 1948 Allen D.N. de G. Relaxation Methods 1954 Andrews D. An Introduction to Atmospheric Physics (2nd Edition) 2010 Apostol T.M. Mathematical Analysis: A Modern Approach to Advanced Calculus 1957 Arbocz J, Potier-Ferry M, Singer J., Tvergaard V. Lecture Notes in Physics 1985 *Arkin H., Colton R.R. An Outline of Statistical Methods 1939 Arnold L., Jinqiao D. Stochastics and Dynamics 2001 Ash E.A., Paige E.G.S. Rayleigh-Wave Theory and Application 1985 B Baily C., Comte-Bellot G. Turbulence 2003 Barrat A., Barthelemy M., Vespignani A. Dynamical Processes on Complex Networks 2008 Barton M. Fundamentals of Aircraft Structures 1948 Batchelor G.K., Moffatt H.K., Worster M.G. Perspectives in Fluid Dynamica 2003 Bellan P.M. Fundamentals of Plasma Physics 2006 Bellan P.M. Fundamentals of Plasma Physics 2008 Bellman R. -
Lagrange As a Historian of Mechanics
Advances in Historical Studies 2013. Vol.2, No.3, 126-130 Published Online September 2013 in SciRes (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ahs) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ahs.2013.23016 Lagrange as a Historian of Mechanics Agamenon R. E. Oliveira Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Email: [email protected] Received August 5th, 2013; revised September 6th, 2013; accepted September 15th, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Agamenon R. E. Oliveira. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Com- mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, pro- vided the original work is properly cited. In the first and second parts of his masterpiece, Analytical Mechanics, dedicated to static and dynamics respectively, Lagrange (1736-1813) describes in detail the development of both branches of mechanics from a historical point of view. In this paper this important contribution of Lagrange (Lagrange, 1989) to the history of mechanics is presented and discussed in tribute to the bicentennial year of his death. Keywords: History of Mechanics; Epistemology of Physics; Analytical Mechanics Introduction in the same meaning that is now understood by modern physi- cists. The logical unity of this theory is based on the least action Lagrange was one of the founders of variational calculus, in principle. However, the two dimensions of formalization and which the Euler-Lagrange equations were derived by him. He unification are the main characteristics of Lagrange’s method. also developed the method of Lagrange multipliers which is a manner of finding local maxima and minima of a function sub- jected to constraints. -
Exercises on Analytical Mechanics Problem Set Number 4
Institut fur¨ Physik WS 2012/2013 Friederike Schmid Exercises on Analytical Mechanics Problem set number 4 Questions on the lecture: 27. What do we mean by rigid body? 28. What are the Euler angles? 29. What is the characterizing property of a physical tensor? 30. Give the equation for the inertia tensor of a rigid body with mass distribution ρ(r). 31. What is the relation between the inertia tensor and the moment of inertia? 32. Give the general expressions for the angular momentum and the kinetic energy of a rigid body. Which is the translational contribution? Which the rotational contribution? 33. What are the principal moments of inertia? 34. What are the principal axes of inertia? Problems (To be dropped until 12:00 am on November 11th, 2012 in the red box number 40 at Staudingerweg 7) Problem 10) Jojo (6 Points) Consider a Jojo consisting of a cylinder of length L with radius R and mass M, which is attached to a string at its round side. The Jojo can roll up and down the string. It has the height h. a) Calculate the moment of inertia θ of the cylinder with respect to its long axis. b) Calculate the kinetic energy as a funciton of h˙ . (Don’t forget the rotational contribution!) c) Construct the Lagrange function L and determine the equations of motion. How does the solution look like? Problem 11) Lagrange parameters (6 Points) Use Lagrange parameters to solve the following problems. a) Determine the cuboid with largest volume V which can be fully contained in the ellipsoid x2 y2 z2 + + = 1. -
MATH0054 (Analytical Dynamics)
MATH0054 (Analytical Dynamics) Year: 2019{2020 Code: MATH0054 Old Code: MATH7302 Level: 6 (UG) Normal student group(s): UG: Year 2 and 3 Mathematics degrees Value: 15 credits (= 7.5 ECTS credits) Term: 2 Structure: 3 hour lectures per week. Assessed coursework. Assessment: 90% examination, 10% coursework. In order to pass the module you must have at least 40% for both the examination mark and the final weighted mark. Normal Pre-requisites: MATH0009 (previously MATH1302), MATH0011 (previously MATH1402) Lecturer: Prof A Sokal Course Description and Objectives Analytical dynamics develops Newtonian mechanics to the stage where powerful mathematical techniques can be used to determine the behaviour of many physical systems. The mathematical framework also plays a role in the formulation of modern quantum and relativity theories. Topics studied are the kinematics of frames of reference (including rotating frames), dynamics of systems of particles, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics and rigid body dynamics. The emphasis is both on the formal development of the theory and also use of theory in solving actual physical problems. Recommended Texts Relevant books are: (i) Gregory, Classical Mechanics; (ii) T L Chow, Classical Mechanics; (iii) Goldstein, Classical Mechanics; (iv) Taylor, Classical Mechanics; (v) Marion, Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems Detailed Syllabus − Review of the fundamental principles of Newtonian mechanics; Galileo's principle of rel- ativity. − Systems of particles and conservation laws: linear momentum, angular momentum, energy (internal and external potentials). − Systems of coupled linear oscillators: normal modes. − Introduction to perturbation theory for anharmonic oscillators. − Lagrangian dynamics: generalised coordinates, variational principles, symmetries and conservation laws. − Hamiltonian dynamics: phase space, Poisson brackets, introduction to canonical transfor- mations. -
Classical Mechanics January 2012
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK First Examination for PhD Candidates in Physics Analytical Dynamics Summer 2010 Do two of the following three problems. Start each problem on a new page. Indicate clearly which two problems you choose to solve. If you do not indicate which problems you wish to be graded, only the first two problems will be graded. Put your identification number on each page. 1. A particle moves without friction on the axially symmetric surface given by 1 z = br2, x = r cos φ, y = r sin φ 2 where b > 0 is constant and z is the vertical direction. The particle is subject to a homogeneous gravitational force in z-direction given by −mg where g is the gravitational acceleration. (a) (2 points) Write down the Lagrangian for the system in terms of the generalized coordinates r and φ. (b) (3 points) Write down the equations of motion. (c) (5 points) Find the Hamiltonian of the system. (d) (5 points) Assume that the particle is moving in a circular orbit at height z = a. Obtain its energy and angular momentum in terms of a, b, g. (e) (10 points) The particle in the horizontal orbit is poked downwards slightly. Obtain the frequency of oscillation about the unperturbed orbit for a very small oscillation amplitude. 2. Use relativistic dynamics to solve the following problem: A particle of rest mass m and initial velocity v0 along the x-axis is subject after t = 0 to a constant force F acting in the y-direction. -
The Origins of Analytical Mechanics in 18Th Century Marco Panza
The Origins of Analytical Mechanics in 18th century Marco Panza To cite this version: Marco Panza. The Origins of Analytical Mechanics in 18th century. H. N. Jahnke. A History of Analysis, American Mathematical Society and London Mathematical Society, pp. 137-153., 2003. halshs-00116768 HAL Id: halshs-00116768 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00116768 Submitted on 29 Nov 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Origins of Analytic Mechanics in the 18th century Marco Panza Last version before publication: H. N. Jahnke (ed.) A History of Analysis, American Math- ematical Society and London Mathematical Society, 2003, pp. 137-153. Up to the 1740s, problems of equilibrium and motion of material systems were generally solved by an appeal to Newtonian methods for the analysis of forces. Even though, from the very beginning of the century—thanks mainly to Varignon (on which cf. [Blay 1992]), Jean Bernoulli, Hermann and Eu- ler—these methods used the analytical language of the differential calculus, and were considerably improved and simplified, they maintained their essen- tial feature. They were founded on the consideration of a geometric diagram representing the mechanical system under examination, and consequently applied only to (simple) particular and explicitly defined systems.