DOCSLIB.ORG

Systematics of Dasylirion: Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Systematics of Dasylirion: Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México 56: 69-76, 1995 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.1465 Bol. Soc. Bot. México 56: 69-76 ( 1995) Systematics of Dasylirion: Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny DA VID J. BOGLER Department of Botany, The University ofTexas, Austin, Texas 78713-7640 Abstract. The results of a systematic study in which Dasylirion was fully monographed are reported. Sixteen species, including four new ones, were recognized. Data from chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis suggest that the species of Dasylirion in southern Mexico are basal in the genus, that Nolina parvif/ora is particularly el ose to both Dasylirion and Beaucarnea, and that Calibanus is closest to Beaucarnea. The phylogeny of Dasylirion and the Agavaceae sensu lato was studied by comparison of cpDNA restriction sites and ITS rDNA sequences. The results strongly indicate that Dasylirion, Noli11a , Beaucarnea, and Calibanus are a monophyletic group that is closer to Maia11themum, Polygonatum, Liriope, Dracaena and Sansevieria than to Yucca and Agave. Hasta and Camassia are at the base of the branch leading to Yucca and Agave. The molecular data indica te that Yucca whipplei is more closely related to Hesperaloe than to other species of Yucca, and thatAgave dasylirioides and A. striata in the «Group Striatae» are basal to the rest of Agave. The resemblance of Aloe and Xa11thorrhoea to the Agavaceae appears to be due to convergen! evolution. Key words : Dasylirion, molecular phylogeny, Mexico, Nolinaceae, Taxonomy. Resumen. Se realizó el estudio monografico del género Dasylirio11. En esta revisión se reconocen 16 especies, incluyendo cuatro especies nuevas. El análisis de sitios de restrición del DNA de los cloroplastos (cpDNA) indica que las especies de Dasylirio11 del sur de Mexico son basales dentro del género, que Nolina parviflora está muy cercana a Dasylirion y Beaucarnea, y que Calibanus esta próximo a Beaucarnea. Se estudiaron las filogenias de Dasylirion y de las Agaváceas mediante comparaciones del cpDNA y secuencias de la región ITS del rDNA. Los resultados indican claramente que Dasylirion, Nolina, Beaucamea y Calibanus se encuentran en un grupo que está más cercano a Maianthemum, Polygonatum, Liriope, Dracaena y Sansevieria que a Yucca y Agave. De la misma forma, Hasta y Camassia son basales a Yucca y Agave. Los datos moleculares indican que Yucca whipplei está mas cercana a Hesperaloe que al resto de las especies de Yucca, y que Agave dasylirioides y A. striata del «G rupo Striatae» son basales a las otras especies de Agave. La semejanza entre Aloe y Xanthorrhoea y las Agaváceas parecen deberse a la convergencia evolutiva. Palabras clave : Dasylirion, filogenia molecular, México, Nolinaceae, Taxonomía. INTRODUCTION study ofthe phylogenetic relationships ofDasylirion and the Agavaceae sensu lato. Dasylirion is a genus of 16 species found in rocky, arid regions ofthe southwestern U.S.A. andMexico. It is dioecious TAXONOMIC HISTORY OF DASYL!R/ON and easily recognized by its dense rosettes of prickly Jeaves The original description of Dasylirion (Zuccarini, 1838) and long, narrow inflorescence stalks. It is commonly known was based on an assortmentofleaf collections, garden specimens as «sotol » and has been u sed forfood, fiber, and thedistillation and species now placed in other genera. The status ofDasylirion of an alcoholic beverage also known as sotol. There have was clarified as more collections became available for study been few detailed studies ofthe taxonomy of Dasylirion and (Zuccarini, 1840). Although there was at one time sorne consequently the identification of collections is often difficult. confusion about the status of Nolina and Beaucarnea (Hemsley, Although it is generally recognized that Dasylirion is closely 1884), the distinctive marginal leaf prickles of Dasylirion related to Nolina, Beaucarnea and Calibanus, it is not clear have made it easy to distinguish. Early efforts to monograph how these are related to Yucca, Agave and other members of Dasylirion were made by Baker (1872, 1881) and Watson the Agavaceae. Our research has focused on the taxonomy (1879). Most of the early descriptions were based on only a of spec ies of Dasylirion and the phylogenetic relationships few specimens and sorne of the characters are now known to of the species and the genus. In this paper we present a be more variable than previously supposed. The most recent simplified overview ofourresults, the details will be published monograph of Dasylirion was made by Trelease (1911), who elsew here. The first part is a general discussion of th e genus recognized 15 species, including thesix species which Trelease with the results of a chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction described. The genus has recently been monographed and the site study of the species of Dasylirion. The second part 16 species of Dasylirion, including four new ones, recognized presents the highlights of a cpDNA and ITS sequencing by Bogler (1994) are presented in Table l. _____________ Bogler DJ. 1995. Systematics of Dasylirion: Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny. Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México 56: 69-76. 70 DA VID J. BOGLER TABLE 1. Species of Dasylirion and new co mbinations recognized by strongly papillate-roughened. The leaves of sorne species Bogler (1994). ha ve a coat of wax, which gives the leaf a blue-green or white aspect. The margins are lined with a row of sharp, usually forward-pointingprickles. The prickles areoccasionally recurved D. serratifolium (Karwinski ex Schultes) Zuccarini or distinctively colored in sorne species. In a few species the D. lucidum Rose prickles are greatly reduced in size or absent. The tip ofthe leaf D. acrotriche (Schiede ex Schultes) Otto occasionally dies back and splits into a mass of fibers. var. parryanum (Trelease) Bogler Inflorescence. The inflorescence is a very distinctive var. occidentalis Bogler feature of Dasylirion. It is a narrow, compound, spike-like D. glaucophyllum Hooker panicle with an elongate, bracteate peduncle that ranges D. berla 11 . :,eri Watson from 1-6 m in length from base to tip. Flowers are borne in var. palaciosii (Rzedowski) Bogler contracted fascicles of finger-like racemes arranged along var. longistylum (MacBride) Bogler the axis. There is a gradual transition from the lea ves to the D. miquihuanensis Bogler sp. nov. bracts of the inflorescence anda gradual reduction in the size D. treleasei Bogler sp. nov. of the bracts up the stalk. In most species the bracts are well D. quadrangulatum Watson [=D. longissimum] separated and stramineous, but are occasionally densely D. simplex Trelease overlapping and green or reddish colored. The fascicles of D. gentryi Bogler sp. nov . flowers are borne in the axils of the large inflorescence D. durangense Trelease bracts. There is generally a more or less elongated central D. sereke Bogler sp. nov. axis with a number of si de branches. The number of branches D. wheeleri Watson ex Rothrock varies with the position on the fascicle on the inflorescence. D. cedrosanum Trelease In sorne species it is much branched while in others there is D. leiophyllum Engelmann ex Trelease a reduction to 3 or fewer branches. var. glaucum (I.M. Johnston) Bogler Flowers. The individual flowers are borne in congested D. texanum Scheele spirals along the branches of the fascicles. Each flower is borne in the axil of a small, membranous laciniate bract. Within this bract there may be one or two smaller bracts. The pistillate flowers are borne on a di stinctly jointed pedicel. The receptacle is generally very small. There are six separate, MORPHOLOGY OF DASYLIRION elliptical or obovate tepals with weakly laciniate tips. The Habit. Ali species of Dasylirion are polycarpic tepals are usually green or purple in color. There are six perennials with rosettes of fibrous leaves from a short or reduced, nonfunctional stamens opposite the tepals. The elongate caudex. Flowering is terminal, with the apical ovary is sharply 3-angled and has only one locule at maturity. meristem developing in to the inflorescence. Growth continues Although there are initially six ovul es, only one or rarely two sympodially from axillary buds near the apex. Branching of ovules mature into seeds. There is a very short style with the rosette occurs if more than one axill ary bud becomes three weakly united stigma lobes. These stigma lobes form active. an open tube which closes shut after pollination takes place. Trunks. Most species of Dasylirion have a woody Variation in the pistillate flowers involves primarily size caudex that increases in length and width. In a few species differences in th e tepals, style and stigma lobes. the caudex does not seem to grow much abo ve ground leve!, The staminate flowers are borne on short, non-jointed while in sorne species it may grow in toan upright trunk 2 m pedicels and have a very short receptacle. There are six in height with a corky periderm. In most species, however, separate obovate tepals with weakly laci ni ate tips. The six the trunk is not very wide or strong, and in older plants the stamens have glabrous filaments with exserted, dorsifixed trunk tends to recline on the ground. The trunks are often and introrsely dehiscent anthers. There appears to be little supported and protected by a skirt of stiff, dead leaves. variation in the staminate flowers of Dasylirion. Roots. The root system is fibrous and spreading. The Fruits. The mature fruit of Dasylirion is hard to roots have a very tough, sclerified endodermis su rrounded categorize. lt is often described as an indehi scent capsule, by a thick cortex of parenchyma cells. Young plants ha ve 2- but because it has only one seed it has also been called a 3 large, fusiform roots that are apparently contractile. Older nutlet (Dahlgren et al., 1985). Since it al so has three wings plants have a densely spreading root system. it has been called a samara. There is substantial variation in Leaves.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wild Hyacinth (Camassia Scilloides) in Canada
    PROPOSED Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series Adopted under Section 44 of SARA Recovery Strategy for the Wild Hyacinth (Camassia scilloides) in Canada Wild Hyacinth 2015 Recommended citation: Environment Canada. 2015. Recovery Strategy for the Wild Hyacinth (Camassia scilloides) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Environment Canada, Ottawa. 21 pp. + Annexes. For copies of the recovery strategy, or for additional information on species at risk, including the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) Status Reports, residence descriptions, action plans, and other related recovery documents, please visit the Species at Risk (SAR) Public Registry1. Cover illustration: © Gary Allen Également disponible en français sous le titre « Programme de rétablissement de la camassie faux-scille (Camassia scilloides) au Canada [Proposition] » © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2015. All rights reserved. ISBN Catalogue no. Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. 1 http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca RECOVERY STRATEGY FOR THE WILD HYACINTH (CAMMASSIA SCILLOIDES) IN CANADA 2015 Under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996), the federal, provincial, and territorial governments agreed to work together on legislation, programs, and policies to protect wildlife species at risk throughout Canada. In the spirit of cooperation of the Accord, the Government of Ontario has given permission to the Government of Canada to adopt the Recovery Strategy for the Wild Hyacinth (Camassia scilloides) in Ontario (Part 2) under Section 44 of the Species at Risk Act (SARA).
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument
    In Cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument Open-File Report 2008-1023 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service This page left intentionally blank. In cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument By Brian F. Powell, Cecilia A. Schmidt, William L. Halvorson, and Pamela Anning Open-File Report 2008-1023 U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station University of Arizona U.S. Department of the Interior School of Natural Resources U.S. Geological Survey 125 Biological Sciences East National Park Service Tucson, Arizona 85721 U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web:http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested Citation Powell, B.F., Schmidt, C.A., Halvorson, W.L., and Anning, Pamela, 2008, Vascular plant and vertebrate inventory of Chiricahua National Monument: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1023, 104 p. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1023/]. Cover photo: Chiricahua National Monument. Photograph by National Park Service. Note: This report supersedes Schmidt et al. (2005). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • YUCCA, SOTOL and NOLINA Variety Sheet
    YUCCA, SOTOL and NOLINA Variety Sheet YUCCA SIZE ZONE DESCRIPTION This adaptable Yucca grows in full sun to light, filtered shade and can grow to 10' tall Yucca rostrata/Beaked Yucca 10' x 5' Zone 5 and 3' wide. Its blue-green narrow leaves end in a sharp terminal spine. It is a slow to moderate grower and is cold hardy to -20° F. Yucca pendula (recurvifolia) Soft Named for its graceful, bending blue-green leaves, Soft Leaf Yucca is adaptable to sun 6' x 6' Zone 7 Leaf Yucca or shade. Tall white blooms tower above the plant in the summer. This low clumping yucca can eventually form wide clumps with up to 30 heads. Tall Yucca pallida/Pale Leaf Yucca 1'-2' x 1'-3' Zone 6 flower stalks with pure white bell-shaped floweres are produced in the late spring. Twistleaf Yucca is native to Central Texas. This low-growing Yucca tolerates full sun to Yucca rupicola/Twistleaf Yucca 2' x 2-3' Zone 6 shade. It produces 5' spikes of creamy-white flowers in the summer. This trunk-forming Yucca can reach 12' tall. The powder-blue leaves have yellow Yucca rigida/Blue Yucca 12' x 8' Zone 6 margins and are fairly rigid. It thrives in well-drained soil in full sun or light shade. Yucca filamentosa 'Color This heat and drought tolerant Yucca grows in full to part sun. The green and yellow 2'-3' x2'-3' Zone 4 Guard'/Color Guard Yucca striped leaves add accent color to the landscape. This low-growing Yucca has stiff sword-shaped leaves with a green center and yellow Yucca flaccida 'Bright Edge'/Bright 2' x 2' Zone 4 margins.
    [Show full text]
  • RHS the Garden Magazine Index 2020
    GardenThe INDEX 2020 Volume 145, Parts 1–12 Index 2020 January 2020 February 2020 March 2020 April 2020 May 2020 June 2020 1 2 3 4 5 6 Coloured numbers campestre ‘William ‘Voodoo’ 9: 78 ‘Kaleidoscope’ lauterbachiana Plas Brondanw, North in bold before the page Caldwell’ 3: 32, 32 ‘Zwartkop’ 7: 22, 22; 11: 46, 46 1: 56, 57 Wales 12: 38–42, 38–42 number(s) denote the x freemanii Autumn 8: 54, 54 ‘Lavender Lady’ 6: 12, macrorrhizos 11: 33, 33 Andrews, Susyn, on: part number (month). Blaze (‘Jeffersred’) Aeschynanthus 3: 138 12; 11: 46–47, 47 micholitziana 2: 78 hollies, AGM cultivars Each part is paginated 10: 14, 14–15 Aesculus ‘Macho Mocha’ Aloe Safari Sunrise (‘X5’) 12: 31, 31 separately. griseum 1: 49; 2: 14, 14– hippocastanum 11: 46, 47 6: 12, 12 Anemone: 15; 11: 34, 35; 12: 10, 10; ‘Hampton Court ‘Mayan Queen’ 11: 46 Aloysia: ‘Frilly Knickers’ 9: 7, 7 Numbers in italics 12: 83 Gold’ 3: 89, 89 ‘Pineapple Express’ citrodora (lemon Wild Swan denote an image. micrantham 10: 80 ‘Wisselink’ 3: 89, 89 11: 47 verbena) 6: 87, 87, 88; (‘Macane001’) 5: 74, palmatum 4: 74–75; x neglecta ‘Silver Fox’ 11: 47 to infuse gin 4: 82, 83 74, 76 Where a plant has a 12: 65, 65 ‘Erythroblastos’ Aglaonema (Chinese gratissima angelica root to infuse Trade Designation ‘Garnet’ 10: 27, 27 3: 88, 88 evergreen): 1: 57; 7: 34, (whitebrush or gin 4: 82, 82 (also known as a selling platanoides Agapanthus: 5: 82, 83 34; 12: 32, 32 spearmint verbena) Angelonia Serena Series name) it is typeset in ‘Walderseei’ 3: 87, 87 ‘Blue Dot 9: 109 ‘King of Siam’ 1: 56, 57 6: 86, 88 8: 16, 17 a different font to pseudoplatanus ‘Bressingham Blue’ pictum ‘Tricolor’ Alstroemeria: angel’s trumpet (see distinguish it from the ‘Brilliantissimum’ 9: 109 1: 44, 45 Indian Summer Brugmansia) cultivar name (shown 3: 86, 86–87 ‘Cally Blue 9: 109 Agrostis nebulosa (‘Tesronto’) 8: 16, 16 Angwin, Kirsty, on: in ‘Single Quotes’).
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Life Magill’S Encyclopedia of Science
    MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Plant Garden Field Journal
    National Park Service White Sands Department of the Interior White Sands National Monument Chihuahuan Desert Native Plant Garden Field Journal ore than just colorful flowers or interesting shapes outlined by Mtoasty sunsets, the wild plants of the Chihuahuan Desert have met the needs of the people who have crossed this harsh desert’s path. For hundreds of years these plants have provided food, medicine, shelter, and have become an important part of many cultures’ traditions. This guided tour will take you back to a time long before food markets and hardware stores when people had to learn, the hard way, which plants were useful and what purpose each one served. The native plant garden in front of the White Sands National Monument Visitor Center provides a tiny sample of the many plants that form the unique Chihuahuan Desert landscape. Please keep in mind that these plants are here for the enjoyment of all visitors so that they may learn, examine, and appreciate them. No part of the plants may be removed or damaged in any way. Remember, you are a guest at these plants’ home. Please be mindful and respectful of all parts of nature, both living and non-living. National Park Service White Sands Department of the Interior White Sands National Monument Visitor Trash Apache can Center Entrance Plume B Desert White Sands National Monument (sign) Willow Indian Rice Colorado Creosote Honey Grass Four O’clock Bush Mesquite C D F G To Restrooms Torrey’s E Jointr Three-Leafed H New Mexico Sumac K Soaptree J Yucca Agave Bench I A Lechuguilla Ocotillo
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Media Type and BAP Concentrations on Micropropagation During Multiplication Stage on Ponytail Palm (Beaucarnea Recurvata Lem.) Abdel Kawy, Waly; Yehia M
    Hortscience Journal of Suez Canal University, 2018 Effect of Media Type and BAP Concentrations on Micropropagation during Multiplication Stage on Ponytail Palm (Beaucarnea recurvata Lem.) Abdel Kawy, Waly; Yehia M. Abdel Fattah and Ali A. Shoman Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. Received: 28/10/2018 Abstract: Ponytail palm (Beaucarnea recurvet Lem.; Family Asparagaceae) is one of the most important plants in the internal and external coordination. This work was carried out to study the effect of media type (MS, B5 and WPM) and Benzylaminopurine BAP at 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/l during multiplication stage. The shoot tips were collected from in vitro seedlings cultured on MS medium without growth regulators. B5 medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/l (BAP) increased number of shoots (3.40 shoots/clump) and number of leaves (24) plant compared with other treatments. The B5 medium is preferable within mass production and featured commercial. The BAP Concentration 0.4 mg/l promotes shoots initiation and development with B5 medium more than MS and WPM. Keywords: Ponytail palm, Beaucarnea recurvata, tissue culture, micropropagation, BAP, media type, MS, B5, WPM INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Beaucarnea (Asparagaceae) is a Mexican and This study was carried out in the plant tissue Guatemalan genus that inhabits dry tropical areas. Most culture laboratory in the Department of Horticulture, of the species are endangered under the Mexican Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia legislation because they have a high horticultural during the period 2013 – 2015. demand and are threatened by habitat destruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Prickly News South Coast Cactus & Succulent Society Newsletter | Feb 2021
    PRICKLY NEWS SOUTH COAST CACTUS & SUCCULENT SOCIETY NEWSLETTER | FEB 2021 Guillermo ZOOM PRESENTATION SHARE YOUR GARDEN OR YOUR FAVORITE PLANT Rivera Sunday, February 14 @ 1:30 pm Cactus diversity in northwestern Argentina: a habitat approach I enjoyed Brian Kemble’s presentation on the Ruth Bancroft Garden in Walnut Creek. For those of you who missed the presentation, check out the website at https://www. ruthbancroftgarden.org for hints on growing, lectures and access to webinars that are available. Email me with photos of your garden and/or plants Brian graciously offered to answer any questions that we can publish as a way of staying connected. or inquiries on the garden by contacting him at [email protected] [email protected]. CALL FOR PHOTOS: The Mini Show genera for February are Cactus: Eriosyce (includes Neoporteria, Islaya and Neochilenia) and Succulent: Crassula. Photos will be published and you will be given To learn more visit southcoastcss.org one Mini-show point each for a submitted photo of your cactus, succulent or garden (up to 2 points). Please include your plant’s full name if you know it (and if you don’t, I will seek advice for you). Like us on our facebook page Let me know if you would prefer not to have your name published with the photos. The photos should be as high resolution as possible so they will publish well and should show off the plant as you would Follow us on Instagram, _sccss_ in a Mini Show. This will provide all of us with an opportunity to learn from one another and share plants and gardens.
    [Show full text]
  • GENOME EVOLUTION in MONOCOTS a Dissertation
    GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By Kate L. Hertweck Dr. J. Chris Pires, Dissertation Advisor JULY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS Presented by Kate L. Hertweck A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. J. Chris Pires Dr. Lori Eggert Dr. Candace Galen Dr. Rose‐Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for their assistance during the course of my graduate education. I would not have derived such a keen understanding of the learning process without the tutelage of Dr. Sandi Abell. Members of the Pires lab provided prolific support in improving lab techniques, computational analysis, greenhouse maintenance, and writing support. Team Monocot, including Dr. Mike Kinney, Dr. Roxi Steele, and Erica Wheeler were particularly helpful, but other lab members working on Brassicaceae (Dr. Zhiyong Xiong, Dr. Maqsood Rehman, Pat Edger, Tatiana Arias, Dustin Mayfield) all provided vital support as well. I am also grateful for the support of a high school student, Cady Anderson, and an undergraduate, Tori Docktor, for their assistance in laboratory procedures. Many people, scientist and otherwise, helped with field collections: Dr. Travis Columbus, Hester Bell, Doug and Judy McGoon, Julie Ketner, Katy Klymus, and William Alexander. Many thanks to Barb Sonderman for taking care of my greenhouse collection of many odd plants brought back from the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Agave Plants and the Compound Cantalasaponin-1
    Molecules 2013, 18, 8136-8146; doi:10.3390/molecules18078136 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Article Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Agave Plants and the Compound Cantalasaponin-1 Nayeli Monterrosas-Brisson 1,2, Martha L. Arenas Ocampo 2, Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer 1, Antonio R. Jiménez-Aparicio 2, Alejandro Zamilpa 1, Manases Gonzalez-Cortazar 1, Jaime Tortoriello 1 and Maribel Herrera-Ruiz 1,* 1 Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico; E-Mails: [email protected] (M.-B.N.); [email protected] (J.-F.E.); [email protected] (Z.A.); [email protected] (G.C.M.); [email protected] (T.J.) 2 Doctorado en Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, P. O. Box 24, Yautepec 62730, Morelos, Mexico; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.O.M.L.); [email protected] (J.A.R.A.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +52-777-361-2155. Received: 22 April 2013; in revised form: 29 May 2013 / Accepted: 6 June 2013 / Published: 10 July 2013 Abstract: Species of the agave genus, such as Agave tequilana, Agave angustifolia and Agave americana are used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat inflammation-associated conditions. These plants’ leaves contain saponin compounds which show anti-inflammatory properties in different models. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory capacity of these plants, identify which is the most active, and isolate the active compound by a bio-directed fractionation using the ear edema induced in mice with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) technique.
    [Show full text]
  • Listado De Todas Las Plantas Que Tengo Fotografiadas Ordenado Por Familias Según El Sistema APG III (Última Actualización: 2 De Septiembre De 2021)
    Listado de todas las plantas que tengo fotografiadas ordenado por familias según el sistema APG III (última actualización: 2 de Septiembre de 2021) GÉNERO Y ESPECIE FAMILIA SUBFAMILIA GÉNERO Y ESPECIE FAMILIA SUBFAMILIA Acanthus hungaricus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Metarungia longistrobus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Acanthus mollis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema callistachyum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Acanthus spinosus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema cuspidatum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra flava Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema tubaeforme Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra sinclairiana Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pachystachys lutea Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra squarrosa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pachystachys spicata Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Asystasia gangetica Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Peristrophe speciosa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria cristata Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Phaulopsis pulchella Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria obtusa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii ‘Rubrum’ Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria repens Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. atropurpureum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia lamium Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. reticulatum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia owariensis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia ulugurica Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum ‘Purple Dazzler’ Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Crossandra infundibuliformis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Ruellia
    [Show full text]
  • Riqueza De Las Familias Agavaceae Y Nolinaceae En México
    Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México 56: 7-24, 1995 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.1461 Bol. Soc. Bot. México 56: 7-24 (1995) Riqueza de las familias Agavaceae y Nolinaceae en México ABISAÍ GARCÍA-MENDOZA 1 Y RAQUEL GALVÁN V. 2 1 Jardín Botánico, IB-UNAM. Apdo. Postal 70-614, Del. Coyoacán, 04510 México, D.F. 2 Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN. Apdo. Postal 17-564, Del. M. Hidalgo, I 1410 México, D.F. Resumen. Se muestra la distribución de las familias Agavaceae y Nolinaceae en América y México. Para México se determinó la presencia de 402 taxa, 342 de ellos pertenecen a los géneros Agave, Beschorneria, Furcraea, Hesperaloii, Manfreda, Polianthes, Prochnyanthes y Yucca de la familia Agavaceae, en tanto que 60 corresponden a los géneros Beaucarnea, Calibanus, Dasylirion y Nolina de la familia Nolinaceae. Se presenta también la lista actualizada de las especies de ambas familias, ordenadas alfabéticamente. Para cada taxon se señala su distribución por estado y por provincia florística. Los estados más ricos son: Oaxaca con 63 taxa, Durango con 52, Puebla con 50, San Luis Potosí y Sonora con 47 y Chihuahua con 45. En cuanto a las provincias florísticas con un número mayor de taxa están: las Serranías Meridionales, Sierra Madre Occidental y Altiplanicie. Para México, hasta el momento, se han realizado cinco floras regionales y cuatro listados florísticos, en los que se aborda el estudio de las Agavaceae y Nolinaceae a diferentes niveles. Los géneros Agave, Beaucarnea, Beschorneria, Ma11freda y Prochnyanthes han sido objeto de tratamientos taxonómicos; otros como Dasylirion, Furcraea y Polianthes se encuentran en diferentes etapas de desarrollo, en tanto que Calibanus, Hesperaloii, Nolina, Yucca y varios grupos de Agave, requieren una revisión actualizada.
    [Show full text]