Safe Handling of Cryogenic Liquids

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Safe Handling of Cryogenic Liquids Safetygram 16 Safe handling of cryogenic liquids A cryogenic liquid is defined as a liquid with a normal boiling point below –130°F (–90°C). The most commonly used industrial gases that are transported, handled, and stored in the liquid state at cryogenic temperatures are argon, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. There are a number of general precautions and safe practices that must be observed because of the extremely low temperatures and high rates of conversion into gas for all the cryogenic liquids. There are also specific precautions that must be followed where a particular liquid may react with contaminants or may present other hazards associated with that particular product, such as asphyxiation or flammability. The user of any cryogenic liquid covered in this Safetygram should be familiar with both the general and specific precautions outlined. Safetygrams for individual cryogenic liquids are available and should be consulted for additional information. Please consult airproducts.com/productsafety to determine which Safetygrams may be of assistance. As always, end users should have and be thoroughly familiar with the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for their specific product. All operators must be familiar with the instructions provided with the equipment to be used with the cryogenic liquid. General safety precautions can cause a localized oxygen- relief devices are a pressure relief For products covered in this enriched atmosphere. Extremely valve for primary protection and a Safetygram, many of the same cold cryogens such as hydrogen and rupture disc for secondary protec- safety precautions apply, whether the helium have the ability to freeze or tion. All sections of equipment that product is in the gas or liquid state. solidify the surrounding air. may allow for the liquid to become Each cryogenic liquid has its own trapped must be protected by a unique properties. Potential hazards 2. All cryogenic liquids produce large pressure relief device as shown stem from the following common volumes of gas when they vaporize. in Figure 1. The product vented properties: For example, one volume of liquid by these relief devices should be nitrogen vaporizes to 694 volumes routed to a safe outdoor location. 1. All cryogenic liquids are extremely of nitrogen gas at 68°F (20°C) at cold. Cryogenic liquids and their 1 atm. A cryogenic liquid cannot be Figure 1: Use of Pressure Relief vapors can rapidly freeze human indefinitely maintained as a liquid, Device to Help Prevent tissue and can cause many com- even in well-insulated containers. Over-pressurization Due to mon materials such as carbon steel, If these liquids are vaporized in a Vaporization of Trapped Liquid rubber, and plastics to become sealed container, they can produce brittle or even break under stress. enormous pressures that could Safety Relief Device Cryogenic liquids in containers rupture the container. For this rea- and piping at temperatures at or son pressurized cryogenic contain- Valves Valves below the boiling point of liquefied ers are normally protected with air [–318°F (–194°C)] can actually multiple devices for over-pressure condense the surrounding air and prevention. Common pressure 3. Vaporization of a cryogenic liquid, Handling Personal protective except oxygen, in an enclosed area Always handle cryogenic liquids care- equipment can cause asphyxiation by displac- fully. Their extremely low tempera- Personnel must be thoroughly famil- ing the air. Vaporization of liquid tures can produce cryogenic burns of iar with the properties and safety oxygen in an enclosed area can the skin and freeze underlying tissue. considerations before being allowed cause oxygen enrichment, which When spilled on a surface, they tend to handle a cryogenic liquid and its could saturate combustibles in to spread as far as the quantity of liq- associated equipment. the area such as workers’ clothing. uid spilled and the physical confines This can cause a fire if an ignition of the area permit. They can cool large The eyes are the most sensitive body source is present. Although oxygen areas. The vapors coming from these part to the extreme cold of the liquid is not flammable, it will support liquids are also extremely cold and and vapors of cryogenic liquids. The and vigorously accelerate the com- can produce burns. recommended personal protective bustion of other materials. equipment for handling cryogens Exposure to these cold gases, which is includes a full faceshield over safety Most cryogenic liquids are odorless, too brief to affect the skin of the face glasses, loose-fitting thermal insu- colorless, and tasteless when vapor- or hands, may affect delicate tissues, lated or leather gloves, long-sleeved ized into the gaseous state. Most liq- such as the eyes. Stand clear of boil- shirts, and trousers without cuffs. uids also have no color, except liquid ing and splashing liquid and the cold In addition, safety shoes are recom- oxygen, which is light blue. However, vapors that are released. Boiling and mended for people involved in the extremely cold liquids and their splashing always occur when charg- handling of containers. Depending vapors have a built-in warning prop- ing a warm container or when insert- on the application, special clothing erty that appears whenever they are ing objects into the liquid. Always suitable for that application may be exposed to the atmosphere. The cold perform these operations slowly to advisable. “boil-off” gases condense the mois- minimize the splashing and boiling. ture in the surrounding air, creating a Never allow any unprotected part A special note on insulated gloves: highly visible fog. This fog can also be of your body to touch uninsulated Gloves should be loose-fitting so formed around cold equipment when pipes or vessels containing cryogenic they are able to be quickly removed no release of the cold liquid or vapors liquids. The extremely cold material if cryogenic liquid is spilled on them. has occurred. Fog clouds do not define may stick fast to skin and tear the Insulated gloves are not made to the vapor cloud. They define the area flesh when you attempt to with- permit the hands to be put into a cryo- where the vapors are still cold enough draw it. Even nonmetallic materials genic liquid. They will only provide to condense the moisture in the air. are dangerous to touch at these low short-term protection from accidental The vapors can extend well beyond temperatures. Use tongs to immerse contact with the liquid. the fog cloud, depending on the and remove objects from cryogenic In emergency situations, self-contained product and atmospheric conditions. liquids. In addition to the hazards of breathing apparatus (SCBA) may be Although fog clouds may be indicative frostbite or flesh sticking to cold mate- required. of a release, they must never be used rials, objects that are soft and pliable to define the leak area and should not at room temperature, such as rubber be entered by anyone. The dense fog or plastics, are easily broken because clouds associated with the handling they turn brittle at low temperatures or transfer of cryogenic liquids can and may break when stressed. obstruct visibility. Care should be exercised so that any clouds do not interfere with vehicle traffic or safety escape routes. 2 Special inert gas Special oxygen Special hydrogen precautions precautions precautions The potential for asphyxiation must Do not permit smoking or open Do not permit smoking or open be recognized when handling inert flames in any areas where liquid flames in any area where liquid cryogenic liquids. Because of the high oxygen is stored or handled. Do not hydrogen is stored or handled. All expansion ratios of cryogenic liquids, permit liquid oxygen or oxygen- major stationary equipment should air can quickly be displaced. Oxygen enriched air to come in contact with be properly grounded. All electrical monitors are recommended when- organic materials or flammable or equipment and wiring should be in ever cryogenic liquids are handled in combustible substances of any kind. accordance with national fire and enclosed areas. People should not be Some of the organic materials that electrical standards. Boil-off gas from permitted in atmospheres containing can react violently with oxygen when closed liquid hydrogen containers less than 19.5% oxygen without sup- ignited by a spark or even a me- used or stored inside buildings must plied air. chanical shock are oil, grease, asphalt, be vented to a safe location. kerosene, cloth, tar, and dirt that may Liquid helium has the potential to contain oil or grease. If liquid oxygen Liquid hydrogen should not be poured solidify air, which can block pressure- spills on asphalt or other surfaces from one container to another, or relief devices and other container contaminated with combustibles, do transferred in an atmosphere of air. If openings. This can result in pres- not walk on or roll equipment over this is done, the oxygen in the air will sure buildup that may rupture the the spill area. Keep sources of ignition condense in the liquid hydrogen, pre- container. away for 30 minutes after all frost or senting a possible explosion hazard. fog has disappeared. Liquid hydrogen also has the potential of solidifying air, which can block Any clothing that has been splashed safety relief devices and other open- or soaked with liquid oxygen or ings, which may lead to rupture of the exposed to high oxygen concentra- container. Dewars and other con- tions should preferably be removed tainers made of glass are not recom- immediately and aired for at least mended for liquid hydrogen service. an hour. Personnel should stay in a Breakage makes the possibility of well-ventilated area and avoid any explosion too hazardous to risk. source of ignition until their clothing is completely free of any excess oxy- Every effort must be made to avoid gen.
Recommended publications
  • Simple Strategies to Improve Bioprocess Pure Culture Processing
    Reprinted from PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING® The Official Magazine of ISPE May/June 2010, Vol. 30 No. 3 Pure Culture Bioprocessing www.ISPE.org ©Copyright ISPE 2010 This article presents Simple Strategies to Improve strategies to improve Bioprocess Pure Culture Processing bioreactions by reducing contaminations by Michael Hines, Chris Holmes, and Ryan Schad by adventitious agents. ioreaction and fermentation processes of traditional bioprocess reactors and fermenta- of all scales – from 100,000 liter vessels tion processes. They are targeted squarely for to small development reactors – require the practitioner in their simplicity, and based pure culture for their successful, pro- on many years of managing pure culture opera- Bductive operation. In this article the term “pure tions at many scales. The focus of this article culture” and “pure culture capability” will be is on preventing bacterial contaminations in used instead of “sterile” or “sterility assurance” traditional fermentation systems; much of the to acknowledge that bioreactions are, by nature, material applies to protection of any bioreactor the process of growing large populations of systems from any adventitious agent. It is up to helpful microorganisms or cells as opposed to you to understand your system and process and the more unwanted varieties. Contamination to appropriately apply the principles outlined in by adventitious agents costs time, money, and order to meet the requirements of your process lost productivity; moreover, contaminants and and business. Higher potential risk from longer their sources can be very difficult to locate and growth times, longer inoculum trains, and lack eliminate. of selective agents (e.g., antibiotics) can be offset Many elements of pure culture bioprocess through the use of disposables, newer equip- design and operation are straightforward, often ment, and more stringent environmental and even a matter of common sense.
    [Show full text]
  • CUSTOMIZED Pressure Relief Products 7-8803-7 WORLDWIDE SERVICE
    CUSTOMIZED Pressure Relief Products 7-8803-7 WORLDWIDE SERVICE Solutions...for tough Working With Specialized The Role of Pressure Relief Problems Technologies...Like Yours Rupture Discs Whether it's from the standard Solving pressure relief problems Rupture discs are non-reclosing product line -- or a custom-designed for you is the special role played by pressure relief devices which open within rupture disc for a one-of-a-kind application C.D.C.'s Product Development Group milliseconds when system pressure -- Continental Disc Corporation has built a and the Special Products Group. reaches its specific burst rating. 30-year reputation for solving the toughest This pool of product development They are designed to relieve either pressure relief problems. expertise has been retrofitting C.D.C. positive or negative conditions at a For OEM's. Defense Industries. designs into clients' systems for a specified set pressure and in some Space exploration program. Aircraft and quarter of a century. They are engineers applications, additionally withstand aerospace manufacturers. The chemical who are at home with special or exotic vacuum or backpressure. Rupture discs and petrochemical industries. Food materials, ultrahigh or ultralow burst may also be designed to provide dual processors. The electronics industry. pressures, as well as state-of-the-art pro- relief (positive or negative) within the And countless more. cessing and testing requirements. same rupture disc. Whether your needs are for A rupture disc opens (relieves) Problem Solving quantities of one, one thousand, or within milliseconds. This instantaneous more, Continental Disc is ready to solve and unrestricted relief capacity allows Continental Disc Corporation's your pressure relief problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Dual-Action Valve Product Sheet
    Dual-Action Valve Full-opening downhole test valve APPLICATIONS The dual-action valve (DAV) is a full-opening ■ Reservoir testing downhole test valve. It is run in the closed ■ Downhole testing position, opened by annulus overpressure (rupture disc), and then reclosed by a second ■ Completion operations annulus overpressure (rupture disc). The ■ Deviated and deepwater wells operator mandrels are balanced to ID pres- ■ HPHT wells sure. A two-way ratchet is used to prevent the operator mandrel from shifting, except BENEFITS in response to annulus overpressure. ■ Minimizes operating time by using Ball valve rupture disc operations When the first disc is ruptured, hydrostatic pressure is applied to an operator area, which FEATURES opens the ball valve. The ball stays in the open Operator mandrel ■ Rupture-disc-operated tester valve position until the second disc is ruptured. Rup- ■ Fullbore when opened turing this disc applies hydrostatic pressure to Low-value rupture disc a greater operator area, which permanently recloses the ball valve. High-value rupture disc Replacing the DAV ball valve with the alterna- tive ball valve enables running the DAV open, Collet closed, and then permanently reopened. The DAV-K is part of the new-generation hostile K-string developed for ultrahigh-pressure wells with bottomhole pressures up to 30,000 psi. Seal options used in the tool make it suitable for both standard and ultrahigh-temperature environments, as well as hostile drilling and completion fluids. Dual-action valve. Specifications Model DAV-E DAV-FAA/FAB DAV-K Max. OD, in [mm] 5 [127] 5 [127] 5 [127] Tool ID, in [mm] 2.25 [57] 2.25 [57] 2.25 [57] Pressure ratings Max.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting the Most out of Your Rupture Disc
    March 2009 www.che.com Feature Report Part 2 Getting the Most Out of Your Rupture Disc For optimum rupture-disc performance, pay attention to installation, operation and maintenance Dean Miller Fike Corp. upture disc devices provide over- Liquid service pressure protection for a variety Liquid-full systems cre- of storage and process vessels ate a number of process- FIGURE 1. This viscous-tee holder design con- Rand equipment. The objective of ing challenges, many of tinually wipes the disc surface, preventing prod- the rupture disc is to maintain a leak- which apply to rupture uct buildup tight seal and be a passive bystander discs. Pressure spikes and until called upon to relieve excess pres- water hammer generated sure. While this is generally the case, by rapid opening or closing there are times when rupture disc of valves somewhere in the process fre- using pressure accumulators to absorb performance can be adversely affected quently do affect the rupture disc. The the unavoidable pressure spikes. through various installation, operation typical rupture disc begins to respond Common indications that you have and maintenance practices. to pressure in excess of the burst pres- a water hammer or another pressure This article reviews some of these sure in less than 1 millisecond. This spike problem include the following: practices, real-life observed conse- means that a short-duration pressure • The rupture disc appears to burst at quences, and corrective or preventative spike that is not detectable by normal a pressure lower than the marked measures that can improve rupture disc process instrumentation can and will burst pressure performance.
    [Show full text]
  • FIU-DOM-01 Revision-1 12/2019 10
    FIU-DOM-01 Revision -1 12/2019 1 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami Florida, 33199 http://www.fiu.edu TABLE of CONTENTS Section 1.00 GENERAL POLICY 6 1.10 Diving Standards 6 1.20 Operational Control 7 1.30 Consequence of Violation of Regulations by divers 9 1.40 Job Safety Analysis 9 1.50 Dive Team Briefing 10 1.60 Record Maintenance 10 Section 2.00 MEDICAL STANDARDS 11 2.10 Medical Requirements 11 2.20 Frequency of Medical Evaluations 11 2.30 Information Provided Examining Physician 11 2.40 Content of Medical Evaluations 11 2.50 Conditions Which May Disqualify Candidates from Diving (Adapted from Bove, 1998) 11 2.60 Laboratory Requirements for Diving Medical Evaluation and Intervals 12 2.70 Physician's Written Report 13 Section 3.00 ENTRY-LEVEL REQUIRMENTS 14 3.10 General Policy 14 Section 4.00 DIVER QUALIFICATION 14 4.10 Prerequisites 14 4.20 Training 15 4.30 FIU Working Diver Qualification 18 4.40 External (Non-FIU Employee) Diver Qualifications 18 4.50 Depth Certifications 22 4.60 Continuation of FIU Working Diver Certification 22 4.70 Revocation of Certification or Designation 23 4.80 Requalification After Revocation of Diving Privileges 23 4.90 Guest Diver 23 Section 5.00 DIVING REGULATIONS FOR SCUBA (OPEN CIRCUIT, COMPRESSED AIR) 24 5.10 Introduction 24 5.20 Pre-Dive Procedures 24 5.30 Diving Procedures 25 5.40 Post-Dive Procedures 30 5.50 Emergency Procedures 30 5.60 Flying After Diving or Ascending to Altitude (Over 1000 feet) 30 5.70 Record Keeping Requirements 30 FIU-DOM-01 Revision-1 12/2019 2 Section 6.00 SCUBA DIVING EQUIPMENT 32
    [Show full text]
  • Crosby Pressure Relief Valve Engineering Handbook
    Crosby Valve Inc. Technical Document No. TP-V300 Effective: May 1997 An FMC Corporation subsidiary Crosby® Pressure Relief Valve Engineering Handbook COV/CON.PM6 1 9/22/97, 7:56 AM Notes: COV/CON.PM6 2 9/22/97, 7:56 AM CROSBY® Pressure Relief Valve ENGINEERING HANDBOOK CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction to Crosby Engineering Handbook Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Pressure Relief Valve Design Chapter 3 Terminology Chapter 4 Codes and Standards - Summary Chapter 5 Valve Sizing and Selection - U.S.C.S.* Units Chapter 6 Valve Sizing and Selection - Metric Units Chapter 7 Engineering Support Information Appendix ASME Section VIII, Division 1, 1992 Edition Exerpts Other Information Ordering Information Pressure Relief Valve Specification Sheet Warning: The information contained in this handbook is for informational purposes only. See also Crosby's computer sizing program, CROSBY-SIZE. The actual selection of valves and valve products is dependent upon numerous factors and should be made only after consultation with applicable Crosby personnel. Crosby assumes no responsibility for the actual selection of such products and hereby expressly disclaims liability for any and all claims and damages which may result from the use or application of this information or from any consultation with Crosby personnel. *United States Customary System COV/CON.PM6 3 9/22/97, 7:57 AM Crosby® Engineering Handbook Technical Publication No. TP-V300 Chapter I Introduction The Crosby® Pressure Relief Valve Engineering Hand- Crosby pressure relief valves are manufactured in ac- book contains important technical information relating cordance with a controlled Quality Assurance Program to pressure relief valves. which meets or exceeds ASME Code Quality Control Program requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Product Manual
    Product Manual Perma-Cyl® MicroBulk Storage Systems 230/265/300/450/700/1000/1500/2000/3000 Designed and Built by: Chart Inc. 1300 Airport Dr. Ball Ground, GA 30107 USA (800) 400-4683 Part Number 10961999 Rev. E © 2015 Chart Inc. Product Manual - Perma-Cyl® MicroBulk Storage Systems iii Contents Revision Log v Preface . .1 General 1 Product Benefits 1 Product Advantages 1 Product Manual 1 Terms 2 Acronyms / Abbreviations 2 Safety . .3 . General 3 Safety Bulletin 3 Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres 4 Oxygen Cleaning 4 Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres 5 Nitrogen and Argon 5 Carbon Dioxide 5 Introduction/Operation . .7 General 7 Initial Inspection 7 Primary Plumbing Circuits 7 Fill 7 Pressure Build 8 Economizer 8 Liquid Use 8 Gas Use 9 Safety Circuit 10 Vent/Full Trycock 10 Other Piping Circuits and Components 10 Phase Lines and Liquid Level Gauges 10 Four-Way Valve 10 Pressure Gauge 10 2000 and 3000 VHP Operation 10 2000 and 3000 VHP Primary Plumbing Circuits 10 Installation . 13 Installation Common Codes and Standards 13 Conducting a Site Evaluation 13 Installation Tools and Supplies 13 Supplies 13 Tools 13 Additional Required Supplies 13 Indoor Installations 14 Internally Sited / Filled Indoors / Pipe Out Safeties 14 Wall Box 14 Installation of Hoses and Lines 15 General 15 Line Connection to Fill Box Panel 15 Bolting to Floor 16 Outdoor Installations 17 Externally Sited / Gas Use Indoors 17 Outdoor Installation Schematic 17 iv Table of Contents Product Manual - Perma-Cyl® MicroBulk Storage Systems First Fill/Purge Procedure, ASME: 18 Purging the Tank Prior to Filling 18 First Fill Procedure 18 Filling the Tank After the Cool Down Process is Complete 18 Filling Procedures, DOT: 19 Filling Weight Tables 19 Troubleshooting .
    [Show full text]
  • OSH-Standards-2020-Edition.Pdf
    OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS (As Amended, 1989) Department of Labor and Employment Philippines Reprinted with permission from the BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT Intramuros, Manila Published and printed by the OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT North Avenue corner Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City February 2005-May 2019 FOREWORD The Occupational Safety and Health Standards was formulated in 1978 in compliance with the constitutional mandate to safeguard the worker’s social and economic well-being as well as his physical safety and health. Adopted through the tested democratic machinery of tripartism, the 1978 Standards is considered as a landmark in Philippine labor and social legislation. The advent of industrialization and the continuing introduction of technological innovations in our country today have, however, correspondingly increased the number and types of occupational hazards that our workers are exposed to. Viewed against this backdrop, it became imperative that the Standards be revised to make it truly responsive to the workers’ needs. Joint efforts exerted by the Bureau of Working Conditions, the ILO Manila Office and the tripartite sectors bore fruit in August 1989 when the revisions were finally approved by the Secretary of Labor and Employment pursuant to his authority under Article 162 of the Labor Code of the Philippines. With the latest improvements in the Standards, all establishments covered will now be provided with a better tool for promoting and maintaining a safe and conducive working environment. I therefore urge all sectors concerned-whether they be in labor, management, government or the academe-to extend their full support to achieve the noble objectives of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards.
    [Show full text]
  • Tech Sem. Manual
    ANDERSON GREENWOOD CROSBY • TECHNICAL SEMINAR MANUAL Technical Seminar Manual Contents Section I - Terminology . 1 Section II - PRV Design . 3 Section III - ASME Code . 19 Section IV - DOT Code . 25 Section V - Sizing . 29 Section VI - Installation . 45 Section VII - Valve Types . 55 Section VIII - PRV Document Index . 57 Section IV - Back Pressure . 59 Section X - Flow Factor . 63 Section XI - Flow Losses . 67 © 2001 Tyco Valves & Controls i ANDERSON GREENWOOD CROSBY • TECHNICAL SEMINAR MANUAL Section I Terminology B. Curtain Area: The area of the cylindrical or conical dis- charge opening between the seating surfaces above the Reference on definitions is API RP 520, Part I, Sixth nozzle seat created by the lift of the disc. Edition (March 1993). C. Equivalent Flow Area: A computed area of a pressure relief valve, based on recognized flow formulas, equal to 1.0 Pressure Relief Devices the effective discharge area. A. Pressure Relief Device: A device actuated by inlet stat- D. Nozzle Area: The cross-sectional flow area of a nozzle ic pressure and designed to open during an emergency at the minimum nozzle diameter. or abnormal conditions to prevent a rise of internal fluid pressure in excess of a specified value. The device may E. Huddling Chamber: An annular pressure chamber in a also be designed to prevent excessive internal vacuum. pressure relief valve located beyond the seat for the pur- The device may be a pressure relief valve, a non-reclos- pose of generating a rapid opening. ing pressure relief device, or a vacuum relief valve. F. Inlet Size: The nominal pipe size (NPS) of the valve at B.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparation and Installation of the RCS Rupture Disc Assembly
    GEP-6048 Rev. R 100183 Ref. I.D.: 6691 Preparation and Installation of the RCS Rupture Disc Assembly WARNING USER SHOULD READ AND THOROUGHLY UNDERSTAND THESE INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE INSTALLING RUPTURE DISC. THESE INSTRUCTIONS DO NOT PURPORT TO ADDRESS ALL OF THE SAFETY FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RUPTURE DISC’S USE IN SERVICE. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE USER TO ESTABLISH APPROPRIATE SAFETY, HEALTH, AND TRAINING MEASURES FOR THEIR PERSONNEL INSTALLING, SERVICING, OR WORKING IN AN AREA WHERE RUPTURE DISC ASSEMBLIES ARE IN USE. SERVICE AND/OR MAINTENANCE ON OR AROUND THE RUPTURE DISC DEVICE MUST NOT BE PERFORMED WHILE THE DEVICE IS SUBJECTED TO OPERATING PRESSURES AND/OR TEMPERATURES. IT IS THE USER’S SOLE RESPONSIBILITY FOR DESIGN AND PLACEMENT OF RUPTURE DISCS WITHIN THEIR FACILITY AND UPON THE EQUIPMENT UPON WHICH THE RUPTURE DISC OF USER’S SELECTION IS TO BE LOCATED. IT IS USER’S SOLE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE DESIGN OF ADEQUATE VENTING AND INSTALLATION OF ADEQUATE VENT PIPING OR DIRECTIONAL FLOW AFTER RUPTURE OCCURS WITH THE RUPTURE DISC AS INTENDED. WHEN SIZE IS SPECIFIED, CONTINENTAL DISC CORPORATION ASSUMES THAT ADEQUATE PROVISIONS HAVE BEEN MADE BY PURCHASER FOR PROPER VENTING OF A SYSTEM TO RELIEVE THE SPECIFIC PRESSURE. LOCATE RUPTURE DISC WHERE PEOPLE OR PROPERTY WILL NOT BE EXPOSED TO THE SYSTEM DISCHARGE IN CASE OF RUPTURE. VENT TOXIC OR FLAMMABLE FUMES OR LIQUIDS TO A SAFE LOCATION TO PREVENT PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE. IT IS THE USER’S SOLE RESPONSIBILITY TO SPECIFY THE BURST PRESSURE RATING OF A RUPTURE DISC AT A COINCIDENT TEMPERATURE AT WHICH THE RUPTURE DISC IS TO BE USED.
    [Show full text]
  • International Consensus Standards for Commercial Diving and Underwater Operations
    International Consensus Standards FOR COMMERCIAL DIVING AND UNDERWATER OPERATIONS 6.2 EDITION ASSOCIATION OF DIVING CONTRACTORS INTERNATIONAL International Consensus Standards For Commercial Diving And Underwater Operations INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS STANDARDS FOR COMMERCIAL DIVING AND UNDERWATER OPERATIONS 6.2 EDITION ASSOCIATION OF DIVING CONTRACTORS INTERNATIONAL, INC. Safety • Education • Communication i International Consensus Standards For Commercial Diving And Underwater Operations No responsibility is assumed by the Association of Diving Contractors International, Inc. (ADCI), its members, board of directors, officers or publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, product, instruction, standards, rules or ideas contained in the material herein. No suggested test or procedure should be carried out unless, in the reader’s judgment, its risk is justified and the reader assumes all responsibility. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise) without written per mission from the Association of Diving Contractors International, Inc. Copyright © Association of Diving Contractors International, Inc. Printed and bound in the United States of America. International Standard Book Number: 0-941332-45-4. Library of Congress control number: 95-077534. Published by: Association of Diving Contractors International, Inc. 5206 FM 1960 West, Suite 202 Houston, TX 77069 www.adc-int.org Third Edition 1991 Fourth Edition 1992 Fifth Edition 2004 Sixth Edition 2011 Sixth Edition 2014 (Revision 6.1) Sixth Edition 2016 (Revision 6.2) ii International Consensus Standards For Commercial Diving And Underwater Operations The Mission of the ADCI is: • To promote the highest possible level of safety in the practice of commercial diving and underwater operations.
    [Show full text]
  • SFT-110 SFE System
    Supercritical Fluid Extractions, Reactions and High Pressure Chemistry www.supercriticalfluids.com SFT-110 SFE System Bench Top SFE for Universities and Industry • Sample Vessel Volumes from 5 ml to 100 ml • Operating Pressure up to 10,000 psi (68.9 MPa) • PID Control of Pressure and Temperature • Integrated Fluid Preheater and Flow Meter • Thermoelectrically Cooled Pump Technology • Various Extract Collection Options • Optional Co-solvent Addition Modules The SFT-110 Supercritical Fluid Extractor The SFT-110 Supercritical Fluid development work. With a 100 ml vessel, achieve and maintain a desired pressure Extractor (SFE) is an entry level system the SFT-110 can extract very low levels set point. A PID temperature controller which possesses many features typically of key components from materials and monitors and maintains the precise fluid found in more costly SFE equipment. It process larger amounts of bulk material temperature inside the high pressure may be used for a variety of applications than would be possible with smaller, vessel. from routine analytical work to basic analytical scale SFE equipment. Inside process development. the SFT-110’s oven, a preheater ensures The SFT-110 utilizes the latest that the temperature of the fluid reaching variable restrictor valve (back pressure The SFT-110 was developed for the extraction vessel is controlled precisely. regulator) technology, providing precise people who want to investigate the This is essential to obtaining accurate, control over the flow rate of the expanding feasibility of applying supercritical fluid repeatable results. gas. This is essential for obtaining highly techniques to a wide variety of analytical reproducible results. Flow rates can range and processing problems.
    [Show full text]