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Census of India, 2001A, 2001B) the Population of India on 1St Mar 2001 Stood at 1027.02 Million (Male-531.28, Female-495.74)
THE STATUS OF RIVER GANGES IN THE MIDDLE STRETCH ______________________________________________________ 1 1. DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES According to Census of India (Census of India, 2001a, 2001b) the population of India on 1st Mar 2001 stood at 1027.02 million (Male-531.28, Female-495.74). The population growth in India is fairly in tune with classical theory of demographic transition. During most of the nineteenth century, India witnessed a fluctuating but ultimately more or less a stagnant growth of population, which drifted into the twentieth century until 1921. Thereafter, the country passed through successively all the phases of demographic transition and is now widely believed to have entered the fifth phase, usually characterized by rapidly declining fertility. As per 2001 census the population density stood at 324 people per km2. The overall literacy rate was 65.38% (Male-75.85%, Female-54.16%). The share of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in total population was 16.17 and 8.07%, thus forming about 1/4th of the country’s population. The population of districts along the river Ganga (Kanpur-Bhagalpur stretch) in U.P. and Bihar formed 20.43 and 32.36% of the respective state’s population. The decadal population growth, sex ration and population density for the districts is depicted in Table 1. From the table it is obvious that population pressure is much more in the districts of Bihar as compared to U.P. The literacy status in different districts is presented in Table 2. The literacy states was poor in Bihar as compared to Uttar Pradesh. Table -
Migration of the Ganga River and Its Implication on Hydro-Geological Potential of Varanasi Area, U.P., India
Migration of the Ganga river and its implication on hydro-geological potential of Varanasi area, U.P., India U K Shukla∗ and N Janardhana Raju Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India. ∗ e-mail: shukla−[email protected] Borehole data reveals that during Late Quaternary, the Ganga river was non-existent in its present location near Varanasi. Instead, it was flowing further south towards peripheral craton. Himalayan derived grey micaceous sands were being carried by southward flowing rivers beyond the present day water divide of Ganga and mixed with pink arkosic sand brought by northward flowing peninsular rivers. Subsequently, the Ganga shifted to its present position and got incised. Near Varanasi, the Ganga river is flowing along a NW–SE tectonic lineament. The migration of Ganga river is believed to have been in response to basin expansion caused due to Himalayan tectonics during Middle Pleistocene times. Multi-storied sand bodies generated as a result of channel migration provide excellent aquifers confined by a thick zone of muddy sediments near the surface. Good quality potable water is available at various levels below about 70 m depth in sandy aquifers. Craton derived gravelly coarse- to-medium grained sand forms the main aquifer zones of tens of meter thickness with enormous yield. In contrast, the shallow aquifers made up of recycled interfluve silt and sandy silt occur under unconfined conditions and show water-level fluctuation of a few meters during pre- and post- monsoon periods. 1. Introduction rivers coming from Himalaya meet at right angles to it (figure 1A). The Ganga river separates the Formed in response to the Himalayan orogeny, northern plains formed of Himalayan sediments the Indo-Gangetic Plains form the largest allu- from the southern plains built up by sediments vial tract in the world. -
Analysis of Ground Water Potential in Chandragiri Mandal, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh
Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Advances in Applied Science Research, 2013, 4(4):255-265 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC Analysis of ground water potential in Chandragiri Mandal, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh Bhupal. K and Reddi Bhaskara Reddy. M Dept. of Geography, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Ground water prospects of any area depend on its geological structure, geomorphic features and their hydrological characters. Identification and mapping of these elements is thus imperative for ground water exploration and optimal management of this precious resource. In the present paper ground water potentiality in Chandragiri mandal, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh has been evaluated by analyzing the hydro geomorphic parameters using Remote sensing Techniques. Satellite image and Topographical map have been used to prepare the required thematic maps like geology, lineaments, geomorphology, surface water bodies and drainage. These maps have been integrated in GIS environment to demarcate the hydro geomorphic units. Nine hydro geomorphic units viz. Flood plain, Moderately Weathered pedi plain, Shallow Weathered Pedi plain, Residual hill, Denudation hill, Structural hill, Inselberg, Pediment and Bajada have been derived from the integrated map. Ground water potentiality has been qualitatively assessed by analyzing the derived hydro geomorphic units after considering the field information. Key words : Ground water potential, Geomorphology, Lineaments, Pediplains, Pediments, Inselburg _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Rapid growth of population has projected the demand for food production and opened new ways to improve the utilization of surface and sub-surface water resources recently in a systematic and in a scientific way. The excavation at Mohenjo-Daro have related brick-lined dug wells existing as early as 3000 B.C. -
River Mouth Dynamics of Swarnamukhi Estuary, Nellore Coast, Southeast Coast of India
geodesy and geodynamics 2016, vol 7 no 6, 387e395 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/geog; http://www.jgg09.com/jweb_ddcl_en/EN/volumn/home.shtml River mouth dynamics of Swarnamukhi estuary, Nellore coast, southeast coast of India * G. Sreenivasulua, , N. Jayarajua, B.C. Sundara Raja Reddyb, T. Lakshmi Prasadc, B. Lakshmannaa, K. Nagalakshmic, M. Prashanthd a Department of Geology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, A.P., India b Department of Geology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, A.P., India c Department of Earth Sciences, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, A.P., India d School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India article info abstract Article history: Swarnamukhi is an east flowing river having a total length of 130 km. This is an inde- Received 8 June 2016 pendent river which rises at an elevation of 300 m in the eastern Ghats ranges near Pakala Accepted 23 September 2016 village in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. This study was carried out using Available online 8 November 2016 multitemporal satellite images of IRS P6 LISS-III and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS data from 2011 to 2015. The subsequent short term river mouth dynamics, coastal erosion and accretion Keywords: rates have been calculated for the years between 2011 and 2015. Low river inflow, wind, River mouth dynamics tides, movement of the waves and littoral currents play a key role in the dynamic activities Erosion and accretion of erosion and accretion. The erosion rate from 2011 to 2015 was slightly decreased from Swarnamukhi estuary 0.081 to 0.027 km2. -
Integrated Assessment of Extreme Events and Hydrological Responses of Indo‑Nepal Gandak River Basin
Environment, Development and Sustainability https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00986-6 Integrated assessment of extreme events and hydrological responses of Indo‑Nepal Gandak River Basin Pawan K. Chaubey1 · Prashant K. Srivastava1 · Akhilesh Gupta2 · R. K. Mall1 Received: 15 November 2019 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020 Abstract Changes in climate cause signifcant alterations in morphometric parameters and may lead to hydro-meteorological hazards. In this study, an attempt has been made to identify drain- age morphometric characteristics through topographic, geologic and hydrological infor- mation to assess the extreme weather events (food) over the Gandak River Basin (GRB). The standardized precipitation index (SPI) and rainfall anomaly index (RAI) were used for deducing extreme rainfall incidences derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mis- sion precipitation datasets. An assembled frequency distribution as well as trends in RAI and SPI was calculated to understand the hydro-climatological behaviour of the basin. Dur- ing the monsoon season, the years 1998, 2007, 2011, 2013 and 2017 witnessed the extreme food events. The variations in heavy and intense rainfall in short time can be linked to extreme food events, which leads to channel shifting and modifcations, can be deduced from provided asymmetric factors and sinuosity index. The results illustrated that both the monsoonal rainfall and the frequency of extreme rainfall over the basin are increasing, which could be a reason for a high severity and frequency of food events in the GRB. Keywords Flood · Standardized precipitation index (SPI) · Rainfall anomaly index (RAI) · Morphometric · Gandak basin (Indo-Nepal region) 1 Introduction The Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) comprises several river streams and act as an important source for freshwater resources in the Indian region. -
Sri Venkateswara Swamy Avataram (Manifestation of Lord Venkateswara)
TIRUMALA TIRUPATI DEVASTHANAMS, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati TIRUPATI Sri Balaji Arogya Varaprasadini scheme (SRI BALAJI INSTITUTE SURGERY, RESEARCH AND REHABILITATION FOR THE DISABLED TRUST Health is wealth. The TTD in 2007 has (BIRRD) established a multi speciality hospital Sri BIRRD is established to provide treatment, free Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences of cost to the disabled patients, diseased due to Polio (SVIMS) to provide treatment for poor people. It mellitus, Cerebral Palcy, congenital diseases diseases has founded Arogya Varaprasadini scheme. We related to backbone injuries, the handicapped patients request the public to generously donate for this due to bone and joint disorders. Please extend your scheme and get the blessings of Lord Venkateswara. kind co-operation in the form of donation as a helping Section 80(G)/35(i),(ii) provides tax exemption for hand. Service to the poor and needy is itself a service to God. donars Under Section 80 (G) exemption from Income tax Address for Demand draft/cheques to be sent: is provided to donars The Director, SVIMS, Send Demand Draft/Cheques to the under said Tirupati - 517501 address: Ph. No: 0877-2287777 The Director, Accounts section: 2225 BIRRD Trust For more details please contact T.T.D, TIRUPATI - 517501 0877-2287152, 2286131, 2287777 Ph.No: 0877-2264025 For other details, please contact Website:www.tirumala.org 0877 - 2264619 website: www.tirumala.org “Tirumala Kshetra Darshini” Series SRI VENKATESWARA SWAMY AVATARAM (MANIFESTATION OF LORD VENKATESWARA) English Rendering A. Krishna Telugu Original Dr. Samudrala Lakshmanaiah Published by Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati. 2017 SRI VENKATESWARA SWAMY AVATARAM (MANIFESTATION OF LORD VENKATESWARA) Preface English Rendering Venkatadrisamam Sthanam Brahmande Nasti A. -
Status of River Ganga and Action Plan to Improve Its Water Quality in Phase-II (District Unnao D/S to District Balia) for Chamber Meeting at NGT
Status of River Ganga and Action Plan to improve its water quality in Phase-II (District Unnao D/S to District Balia) for Chamber Meeting at NGT on 15 September, 2017 UP Pollution Control Board TC-12V, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow 01-09-17 Introduction River Ganga enters in U.P. in District Bijnor and after passing through major districts Meerut, Hapur, Bulandshahar, Aligarh, Kanpur Allahabad, Varanasi, Balia, it goes to Bihar onwards. Hon'ble National Green Tribunal, New Delhi is also monitoring the progress of improvement of river Ganga in Phased manner. Hon'ble NGT after hearing different steps being taken by different authorities responsible for improving the river Ganga water quality has passed order on dated 13-07-2017 for Segment-B from Haridwar D/s to Unnao. The main action which is required in this segment is to take action in the identified 86 drains meeting into Ganga & its tributaries and for treating the drains as per their quality, recycling the treated water and discharging rest treated water into river as per the prescribed standards and maintaining E-flow in every stretch of the Ganga & its tributaries. Similar steps will be required from different Stakeholders mentioned in the Hon'ble NGT order to improve river Ganga water quality in Phase-II, from Unnao D/s to Balia having total length of approx. 600 Km. Main cities on the bank of river Ganga & its tributaries from D/s Unnao to U.P. Border (Phase-II)- a) Ganga Fatehpur, Raebareli, Allahabad, Mirzapur, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Balia. b) Yamuna & its Tributaries (Hindon, Kali West) Yamuna- Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Baghpat, Ghaziabad, Gautam Budh Nagar, Bulandshahar, Mathura, Agra, Firozabad, Etawah, Auraiya, Kalpi (Jalaun), Fatehpur, Allahabad, Hamirpur, Banda. -
SANCTORUM of GODDESS PADMAVATHI (Translation of Siri Koluvu)
SANCTORUM OF GODDESS PADMAVATHI (Translation of Siri koluvu) English Version Prof. M. Madhusudana Rao Published by Executive Officer Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati. 2015 SANCTORUM OF GODDESS PADMAVATHI FOREWORD (Translation of Siri koluvu) Alamelu Manga is the Consort of Sri Venkateswara of the English Version ‘Seven Hills’. She is also named Padmavathi. The Shrine where Prof. M. Madhusudana Rao, this Divine Deity is situated is called Tiruchanur. This place is situated at a distance of 5km from Tirupati. Telugu Original This Temple is seen always filled with devotees who visit Julakanti Balasubrahmanyam Tiruchanur after the Darshan of Sri Venkateswara of Tirumala. According to Mythology, Srinivasa descended to Bhuloka T.T.D. Religious Publications Series No.1197 (Earth) in search of Sri Mahalakshmi who left Vykuntha in anger. © All Rights Reserved. But he could not find her. Inspite of marrying Padmavathi the First Edition : 2015 daughter of Akasa Raju, who was herself par excellence of Lakshmi, Srinivasa was in deep anxiety because he was deprived of Mahalakshmi’s presence. To his relief, he came to know that Copies : 2000 Sri Mahalakshmi was in Kolhapur (Maharashtra), and Srinivasa left for Kolhapur and did Penance to procure her, but all in vain. Later a voice (Akasavani) was heard which directed Srinivasa to Suka Maharshis’s Ashram. It asked him to build a Published by : Lotus Pond and do Penance on the banks of ‘Padma sarovara’ Dr. D. Sambasiva Rao, I.A.S., Executive Officer, to get Mahalakshmi. Following the words of Akasavani, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Srinivasa reached Tiruchanur, built a Padmasarovara and did Tirupati. -
Assessment of Domestic Pollution Load from Urban Agglomeration in Ganga Basin: Uttar Pradesh
Report Code: 060_GBP_IIT_EQP_S&R_10_VER 1_DEC 2014 Assessment of Domestic Pollution Load from Urban Agglomeration in Ganga Basin: Uttar Pradesh GRBMP: Ganga River Basin Management Plan by Indian Institutes of Technology IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT Bombay Delhi Guwahati Kanpur Kharagpur Madras Roorkee Report Code: 060_GBP_IIT_EQP_S&R_10_VER 1_DEC 2014 2 | P a g e Report Code: 060_GBP_IIT_EQP_S&R_10_VER 1_DEC 2014 Preface In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-sections (1) and (3) of Section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government has constituted National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) as a planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating authority for strengthening the collective efforts of the Central and State Government for effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga. One of the important functions of the NGRBA is to prepare and implement a Ganga River Basin Management Plan (GRBMP). A Consortium of 7 Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) has been given the responsibility of preparing Ganga River Basin Management Plan (GRBMP) by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), GOI, New Delhi. Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) has been signed between 7 IITs (Bombay, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras and Roorkee) and MoEF for this purpose on July 6, 2010. This report is one of the many reports prepared by IITs to describe the strategy, information, methodology, analysis and suggestions and recommendations in developing Ganga River Basin Management Plan (GRBMP). The overall Frame Work for documentation of GRBMP and Indexing of Reports is presented on the inside cover page. There are two aspects to the development of GRBMP. -
Somasila Swarnamukhi Link Canal
Somasila Swarnamukhi Link Canal BRIEF BOTE ON PROJECT PROFILE : The Somasila Swarnamukhi Link Canal takes off At Km 12.520 of Somasila Kandaleru Flood Flow Canal which is component of Telugu Ganga Project and runs for a length of 100.425kms, with a carrying capacity of 2500 c/s at head and with starting F.S.L. of +93.580M. This canal is intended to provide irrigation facilities to the high level layout situated on Right Side of K.P. Canal. There are 316 M.I. Tanks in Nellore and Chittoor Districts with contemplated ayacut of 1.10Lakh Acres which is not commendable by K.P. Canal. Somasila Swarnmukhi Link Canal is intended to stabilize 1.10Lakh Acres under 316 MI tanks and also providing drinking water facility to 2.50Lakh population in en-routing Mandals (0.20 TMC) by diverting 4.65TMC of Pennar Flood Waters. The Government has accorded administrative approval for the above scheme for Rs.399 Crores vide G.O.Ms. No. 99 I & CAD (Major Irrigation) Department dated 26.05.2006. The above entire work was divided in to three reaches conveniently. Reach-1 starts from km 0.000 to km 9.500 under package No-15 ,Reach-II starts from km 9.500 to km 39.900 under package No-16 and Reach-III start from km 39.900 to km 100.425(TE) under package No-17. The Canal alignment traverse in Nellore District up to Km.73.000 and from Km.73.000 to Km.100.425 traverses in Chittoor District. The Agencies of upper reaches i.e., Package No.15 and Package No.16 are requested the government for closure of the Agreements due to delaying in acquisition of forest land and Revenue land and the same was submitted to the Govt. -
Ramganga Basin Plan Volume - Ii
STATE WATER RESOURCES AGENCY (SWaRA) Government of Uttar Pradesh DEVELOPMENT OF RIVER BASIN ASSESSMENT AND PLANS FOR ALL MAJOR RIVER BASINS IN UTTAR PRADESH RAMGANGA BASIN PLAN VOLUME - II March 2020 Prepared & Submitted By : TAHAL Consulting Engineers Ltd. in Joint Venture with INRM Consultants Pvt. Ltd. Government of Uttar Pradesh SWaRA State Water Resources Agency Development of River Basin Assessment and Plans for all Major River Basins in Uttar Pradesh Ramganga Basin Plan (Volume-II) March 2020 Development of BAPS for UP Major River Basins Ramganga Basin Plan Development of River Basin Assessment and Plans for all Major River Basins in Uttar Pradesh Ramganga Basin Plan (Volume-II) List of Appendices Page Appendix 1 : Districts and Blocks Falling within Ramganga Basin and its Sub Basins ...... 1 Appendix 2 : Population Distribution in Ramganga Basin by Administrative Units (Census 2011) ..................................................................................................... 10 Appendix 3 : SC, ST and BPL Population Distribution in Ramganga Basin by Administrative Units (Census 2011) ................................................................ 15 Appendix 4 : Land Holdings in Ramganga Basin by Administrative Units ........................ 20 Appendix 5 : Towns in Ramganga Basin ................................................................................ 25 Appendix 6 : Workers Population in Ramganga Basin by Administrative Units (Census 2011) .................................................................................................... -
Benthic Macro-Invertebrates of River Ganga
Benthic Macro-Invertebrates of River Ganga Central Pollution Control Board Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change “Parivesh Bhawan”, C.B.D. Cum-Office Complex, East Arjun Nagar, Shahdara, Delhi - 110032 May 2017 CPCB, 200 Copies, Reprint 2017 Prepared & Published by : PR Division, Central Pollution Control Board on Behalf of Dr. A.B. Akolkar, Member Secretary, CPCB. Printing Supervision : Shri Shriance Jain, Ms. Anamika Sagar and Shri Satish Kumar. Printed at : India Offset Press, New Delhi | www.indiaoffsetpress.com Preface The objective of this document is to enable beginners to identify aquatic invertebrate macro fauna up to the phylum, class, order, family and generic level which is required for biological water quality evaluation of River Ganga. In this some emphasis is put on behavioral characteristics and habitat preferences which are often more useful for field workers than taxonomical and morphological characteristics. This is especially important since the identification of the animals is to take place at the sampling site under field conditions. The document includes description of method of sampling and bio-assessment, taxonomic identification characters, habitat, distribution in their biological water quality, water temperature of their habitats along with their size in terms of length, width and height for the benthic macro- invertebrates collected from various locations identified on entire stretch of River Ganga in the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal. A glossary of scientific terms has been provided to understand the exact description of identification characteristics. Standard field protocol to be used for bio-monitoring of River Ganga is also provided. References include documentation of bio-monitoring of surface water carried out so far in India.