DOCSLIB.ORG

International Civil and Commercial Law Centre

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Civil and Commercial Law Centre Civil and Commercial Law Commercial and Civil International Centre Law Commercial and Centre International Civil and Commercial Law Internatio Prospectus for the Establishment of ICCLC Countries in and around Asia, especially those belonging to NIES and ASEAN, have made remarkable progress in economic development and globalization. Since the end of the cold war, ternational Civil however, a few countries remain which are attempting to convert to a market economy and expand their presence in international markets. In some instances, countries converting to a market economy may International be experiencing some difficulties in their attempts to foster ivil and international economic activity possibly because their legal systems C do not function properly due to the lack of a systematic development Commercial of their civil and commercial law structures and the lack of required know-how and human resources. Some of these countries are Law seeking aid and assistance for development of their legal Centre infrastructure through the government of this country. It is believed that the development of civil and commercial laws and a workable overall legal infrastructure requisite for promoting Prospectus for the Establishment of ICCLC international economic activity in these countries will contribute to nal Civil and Commercial Law Centre International the prosperity of these countries and will have significance for our country as well. At the same time, with respect to NIES and ASEAN countries, it is desirable that we mutually cultivate an understanding of each ial Law Centre International Civil and Commercial In country's legal system and its application and encourage mutual research on a better legal structure for international economic activity in order to promote and facilitate further economic interaction and mutual prosperity. This foundation therefore has been established for the purpose of promoting mutual understanding of the legal structures for international economic activity, in collaboration with the government of this country, through our assistance to these countries in developing their legal systems by sharing experience and know-how on this country's legal system and its application which and Commercial Law Centre this country has accumulated over the years, in part through the ICCLC interaction of its people with those of other countries. International Civil and Commercial Law Centre ●History of the ICCLC 1996 March 28 Meeting of Founder Members Foundation April 16 Establishment of ICCLC approved by the Minister of Justice Established in April 1996 April 24 Registration of ICCLC's establishment applied for May 22 Inaugural Board Meeting and Opening Ceremony held 1998 July 16 Authorized by the Minister of Justice as a Specific Public Interest Corporation Civil and Commercial Law Centre International Commerc 2013 April 1 Registration of "Public Interest Corporation" International Civil and Commercial Law Centre International 1 Legal System Development Support Projects 2 Symposia, Seminars, etc. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) is involved in projects which We organize and hold under joint sponsorship public symposia and seminars to are carried out as part of Japan's grant aid program to support the development deepen mutual understanding among relevant persons in judicial, legal and of legal systems in Asian countries now transitioning to a market economy. scientific sectors in Japan and Asian countries, including countries receiving our JICA commissions this foundation to carry out support projects in the field of support, in the field of civil and commercial law. civil and commercial law. As well as promoting projects with the cooperation of its own directors and representatives from the Ministry of Justice (and ●●Japan-China Civil and Commercial Law Seminar sometimes others as well), the foundation focuses on exchanges with personnel Every year, we hold seminars alternately in Japan or China, where the shift to a ICCLC Operations working in judicial fields, and program participants from a number of countries, market economy is now in full swing. These seminars are a way of enhancing thereby building and maintaining friendly relations that will serve endeavors in our understanding of China with particular reference to the complementary fields this area in the future. of civil and commercial law. As well as providing participants with up-to-the-minute information from Chinese experts on prevailing trends in the ●●Development of Vietnam’s Legal System reform of China's legal system, this also gives Chinese attendees the opportunity Japan first started a project to support the development of a legal system in to learn about Japan's legal system. Vietnam in 1996. Since then, Japan has continued support projects for over 20 years. The Project for Harmonized, Practical Legislation and Uniform Application of Law Targeting Year 2020 finished at the end of December 2020. Japan is expected to carry out the Project for Improvement of Quality and Efficiency in Development and Execution of Laws from January 2021 to December 2025. ●●Development of Cambodia’s Legal System Japan has carried out a project to support the development of a legal system since 1999 and also cooperated in making drafts of the civil code and code of civil procedure of Cambodia. Through the Legal and Judicial Development Project (Phase 4), Japan is expected to carry out the Legal and Judicial Development Project (Phase 5) from April 2017 to March 2022. ●●Project to Enhance Legal Personnel Training in Laos Held in November 2019 (Tokyo) Japan has carried out a project to support the development of a legal system since 2003. It carried out the Project to Enhance Legal Personnel Training and ●●Symposia on Legal Systems in Asia-Pacific Countries other projects and is expected to carry out the Project for Promoting We hold symposia in the fields of civil and commercial law, with the participation Development and Strengthening the Rule of Law in the Legal Sector of Lao of academics, lawyers and businessmen from Asia-Pacific countries. These P.D.R. from July 2018 to July 2023. symposia are where we announce the results of research on the legal systems of Asia-Pacific countries. ●●Development of Indonesia’s Legal System Japan started a project to support the development of a legal system in 2007. ●●Seminar in Kanazawa on International Civil and Commercial Law It is now expected to carry out the Project on Intellectual Property Rights We hold seminars for the purpose of exchanging information related to business Protection and Legal Consistency for Improving the Business Environment laws in Asia and Southeast Asia regions and of exchanging opinions and from December 2015 to September 2021. information about the needs for support for development of laws in the business and economic law fields and about the possibility of cooperation between donors ●●Development of Myanmar’s Legal System in said regions, inviting experts from Japan and foreign countries. In fiscal 2019, Japan has carried out projects to support the development of a legal system we held a seminar on the theme of “Southeast Asia – from the present situation of since 2013. The first of these, the Project to Support Development of the enterprises’ business expansion” in Kanazawa City, Japan. Legal System finished in May 2018. Japan is now expected to carry out the Project for Capacity Development of Legal, Judicial and Relevant Sectors in ●●Symposia, Seminars, etc. Myanmar (Phase 2) to May 2023. We hold symposia and seminars on themes attracting interest in the field of civil and commercial law in Japan and specific countries with the assistance of relevant ●●Training for Other Countries organizations and persons, including experts in the countries. Training is provided to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Uzbekistan in addition to Some of the major symposia and seminars are those held under the sponsorship of the above countries for the purpose of supporting their legal system. The the Asia Business Law Forum (ABLF) and the Foundation that were started in Foundation gives support to the training provided by JICA and the Ministry of fiscal 2019. The ABLF was established in fiscal 2019, and the Foundation was one Justice of Japan. of its founders. Its purpose is to play a role as three bridges between Asia and Japan, between the public and private sector, and among generations, to share knowledge of Asian law from business law to human rights, and to provide a place at which people have a diversified discussion (forum). In 2020, three symposia were held, including one on the theme “Business and Law in Asia.” Moreover, as one of those relating to a specific country, a lecture meeting titled “Commercial Registration System in Mongolia” by an expert from Mongolia was held in fiscal 2019. 3 Studies and Research Public Relations and Announced Materials We collect and make public materials relating to research on specific themes in The Foundation’s website (https://www.icclc.or.jp) contains a lot of the field of civil and commercial law and relating to the field of business and information, including the following: human rights, in Asian countries. - Foundation’s activities and financial condition, including the details of board Research on Legal Systems in Asian and Pacific Countries meetings and council meetings, the business plan and budgets, business ●● reports, financial results, in the bulletin “ICCLC” With support mainly from academics, lawyers, and businessmen in the Kansai - Deliverables,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review of Area Studies Final Report
    Review of Area Studies A Vice‐Chancellor’s Work Slate Project Final Report October 2009 2 Contents 1. Letter from the Chair of the Review Panel .............................................................. 5 2. Terms of Reference ........................................................................................................... 6 3. Panel membership ............................................................................................................. 6 4. Executive summary and recommendations ........................................................... 7 5. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 11 5.1 Why Area Studies? ........................................................................................................................... 11 5.1.1 What are Area Studies? ................................................................................................... 11 5.1.2 The activities of Area Studies centres .............................................................................. 11 5.1.3 Reasons for the Review .................................................................................................... 12 5.1.4 Academic support for an Area Studies strategy at Sydney .............................................. 13 5.1.5 Objectives for an Area Studies strategy at Sydney .......................................................... 17 5.2 Obstacles to success .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • How Asian Should Asian Law Be? – an Outsider’S View Ralf Michaels, Duke Law School*
    How Asian Should Asian Law Be? – An Outsider’s View Ralf Michaels, Duke Law School* I. ASIAN LAW? THE EXAMPLE PRINCIPLES OF ASIAN CONTRACT LAW .......................... 3 II. A EUROPEAN ASIA: ORIENTALISM AND MODERNIZATION .............................................. 7 III. A CHINESE ASIA: SINOCENTRIC LAW ..................................................................................... 11 IV. A JAPANESE ASIA: PAN-ASIAN LAW ....................................................................................... 15 V. AN ESSENTIALIST ASIA: ASIAN VALUES ............................................................................... 23 VI. BEYOND SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE: ASIA AS METHOD? ....................................... 26 In 2016, Singapore saw a conference with the ambitious title “Doing Business Across Asia: Legal Convergence in an Asian Century”. 1 Amongst other things, the conference celebrated the inauguration of an Asian Business Law Institute (ABLI).2 The keynote address was given by Sundaresh Menon, Chief Justice of the Republic of Singapore and chair of ABLI’s board of governors.3 Menon invoked the demands of globalization and lamented the fragmentation of laws in Asia as appearing “somewhat out of kilter”. Legal convergence, he suggested, was necessary because “a fragmented Asia is holding business back;” inconsistent regulations and regimes across the Asia- Pacific were the single biggest barrier to trade. Menon juxtaposed this situation in Asia with that in Africa, where the Organization for the Harmonization of
    [Show full text]
  • How Informal Justice Systems Can Contribute
    United Nations Development Programme Oslo Governance Centre The Democratic Governance Fellowship Programme Doing Justice: How informal justice systems can contribute Ewa Wojkowska, December 2006 United Nations Development Programme – Oslo Governance Centre Contents Contents Contents page 2 Acknowledgements page 3 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations page 4 Research Methods page 4 Executive Summary page 5 Chapter 1: Introduction page 7 Key Definitions: page 9 Chapter 2: Why are informal justice systems important? page 11 UNDP’s Support to the Justice Sector 2000-2005 page 11 Chapter 3: Characteristics of Informal Justice Systems page 16 Strengths page 16 Weaknesses page 20 Chapter 4: Linkages between informal and formal justice systems page 25 Chapter 5: Recommendations for how to engage with informal justice systems page 30 Examples of Indicators page 45 Key features of selected informal justice systems page 47 United Nations Development Programme – Oslo Governance Centre Acknowledgements Acknowledgements I am grateful for the opportunity provided by UNDP and the Oslo Governance Centre (OGC) to undertake this fellowship and thank all OGC colleagues for their kindness and support throughout my stay in Oslo. I would especially like to thank the following individuals for their contributions and support throughout the fellowship period: Toshihiro Nakamura, Nina Berg, Siphosami Malunga, Noha El-Mikawy, Noelle Rancourt, Noel Matthews from UNDP, and Christian Ranheim from the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights. Special thanks also go to all the individuals who took their time to provide information on their experiences of working with informal justice systems and UNDP Indonesia for releasing me for the fellowship period. Any errors or omissions that remain are my responsibility alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Revised Undergraduate/Postgraduate
    Programme specification 2012/2013 School of Oriental and African Studies The following information forms the programme specification at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. It gives definitive information relating to a programme of study and is written for a public audience, particularly prospective and current students. It is also used for other purposes such as initial programme approval, and is therefore produced at the start of the programme development process. Once approved, it forms the base- line information for all statements relating to the programme and is updated as approved amendments are made. CORE INFORMATION Programme title Law and [another subject]/[another subject] and Law Final award BA Intermediate awards None Mode of attendance Full Time UCAS code Various Professional body accreditation N/A Date specification created/updated March 2011 WHY CHOOSE THIS PROGRAMME? Why study at SOAS? SOAS is unique as the only higher education institution in the UK specialising in the study of Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The School also has the largest concentration of specialist faculty concerned with the study of these areas at any university in the world. SOAS is consistently ranked among the top higher education institutions in the UK and the world and it also offers a friendly, vibrant environment for students in a diverse and close-knit community. What is special about this programme? The Law Department at SOAS is one of the most highly-regarded law departments in the UK for the quality of both its teaching and research. The Department has an unrivalled concentration of specialists in the laws of Asian and African countries, with additional areas of expertise in the areas of comparative law, human rights, transnational commercial law, environmental law, international law and socio-legal method.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplier Terms and Pricing Issues Under Asian Legal Systems
    Supplier terms and pricing issues under Asian legal systems Introduction What is the basic position under The majority of the legal systems in Asia that the active Asian systems have a competition law regime include regarding resale price provisions similar to Article 101 TFEU maintenance (RPM)? encompassing vertical restraints. Such Typically, under Asian systems, RPM occurs provisions are typically based on – or operate in where a manufacturer or supplier establishes a a manner similar to – the EU competition law fixed or minimum resale price which a system. However, there are some important distributor or retailer must observe when differences, most notably in Singapore, where reselling the contract goods or services. RPM absent dominance, vertical arrangements can be achieved directly or indirectly. RPM is benefit from a broadly worded exemption from typically viewed as a serious infringement of the prohibition on anti-competitive agreements. competition law in most Asian systems, leading to a restriction of competition in the At the time of publication, the following Asian downstream market. For example, China, jurisdictions are amongst those that have Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan and provisions regarding vertical restraints that Korea all treat RPM practices as a serious operate in a similar manner to those in the EU: competition law infringement. China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Myanmar and Vietnam. Japan and Korea also have provisions relating to vertical restraints. 02 HERBERT SMITH FREEHILLS As with the EU, in most of the active Asian systems, recommended retail prices (RRP) and maximum resale prices will generally be permitted provided they do not amount to a de facto minimum or fixed resale price (for example, through an upstream supplier threatening stock availability or offering incentives to a downstream distributor).
    [Show full text]
  • Peter A. Allard School of Law 2020-2021 Course Descriptions Page 1 of 150
    Peter A. Allard School of Law 2020-2021 Course Descriptions Page 1 of 150 LAW 300.001 Jurisprudence and Critical Perspectives Term 1 Term 2 Moore Course 3 CREDITS This course provides an introduction to jurisprudence and legal theory, and to critical approaches to the law. It explores law as a social phenomenon and as a field of intellectual inquiry. The course is designed to give upper year students exposure to different perspectives on the law, to important questions related to its nature, structure and functions, and to critical understandings of its role in society. The course aims to encourage students to reflect on issues in legal philosophy, the relationship between law and other social forces, and connections between different areas of legal thought and doctrine. Evaluation: 6 hr Take-home Exam at 10 am on April 23, 2021 80% of the final grade (70% if informal participation grade is higher than exam grade); short in-class reading quizzes 10%; participation assignments 10%; informal participation (optional: 10 % to assist only, i.e. counts only if higher than exam grade). Assistant Professor Marcus Moore is a full time member of the Peter A. Allard School of Law. LAW 300.002 Jurisprudence and Critical Perspectives Term 1 Term 2 Goold Course 3 CREDITS CHANGE June 23: Take-home exam details added. This course provides an introduction to legal philosophy, legal history, key principles of the common law, legal and political theory, and critical approaches to the law. It is designed to give upper year students an overview of the history and structure of law, and a critical insight into the various ways in which law and its role in society can be understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating the First Unified Civil Code in South Asia (PDF)
    Stories from the Field 0404 Creating the First Unified Civil Code in South Asia Providing assistance on legal system development for nation building Nepalese parliamentary members and other related in Nepal officials visit Japan as part of Japan’s assistance on the formulation of a civil law. (Photo: Takako Nagao) After the civil war lasting 10 years was concluded in 2006 in consultations that have been held around the country and has Nepal, steady efforts are underway to develop a legal shared the opinions and reactions provided in these fora with foundation that will help Nepal build a new nation. These efforts the members of the Japanese advisory group. In response, the Part include the formulation of five major laws, namely a Civil Code, advisory group has assessed whether the bill would meet a Code of Civil Procedure, a Penal Code, a Code of Criminal international standards and provided advice. Ⅱ ch.2 Procedure, and a Sentencing Act. Ms. Nagao says, “Based on recommendations from Japan, In Nepal there is a code of law known as the Muluki Ain,1 assembly members who serve on the Legislation Committee are which was established approximately 150 years ago. It includes working to compile a final draft of the bill. If everything goes all the content of the five laws the parliament is aiming to enact according to plan it is forecasted that the bill will be approved and still has legal force. However, although it was once revised and enacted by the Constituent Assembly by the end of 2016 in the 1960s it has subsequently been unable to keep up with (as of October 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Summary the Role of Law and Legal Institutions in Asian
    ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE ROLE of LAW and LEGAL INSTITUTIONS in ASIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 1960-1995 Prepared for the ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK by Katharina Pistor and Philip A. Wellons Jeffrey D. Sachs and Hal S. Scott Senior Advisors Team Leaders: China : Fang Gang and Xin Chunying India : T.C.A. Anant and N.L. Mitra Japan : Hideki Kanda and Kazuo Ueda Korea : Seung Wha Chang and Kwang-Shik Shin Malaysia : Jomo K. Sundaram and Wong Sau Ngan Taipei, China : Tain-Jy Chen and Lawrence S. Liu The Role of Law and Legal Institutions in Asian Economic Development, 1960-1995, tests competing theories about law and its relation to economic development against experience in Asia. The role played by law in Asia’s remarkable economic growth dur- ing the second half of the twentieth century has been largely ig- nored, even disputed as irrelevant, and this study refutes that view. Law mattered. Its effect depended very much on the country’s ap- proach to the role of markets in the economy. This conclusion is the result of an interdisciplinary research effort by legal and eco- nomic experts from Asia and the West, commissioned by the Asian Development Bank. Oxford University Press is publishing the book setting out the comparative research results, and the Harvard Insti- tute for International Development is publishing portions of the country studies as part of its development papers series. ? Is law relevant to Asian economic development and are the uses of eco- nomic law converging, both within the region and with the West? These are the core issues for the study.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Comparative Law Einführung in Die Rechtsvergleichung
    Prof. Dr. Alexander Trunk Vorlesung / Course Introduction to Comparative Law Einführung in die Rechtsvergleichung Winter term 2019-2020 http://www.eastlaw.uni-kiel.de 23.10.2019: Basic questions and structures of comparative law 30.10.2019 Structures of comparative law (continued) 06.11.2019: Methods of comparative law: postponed 13.11.2019: Methods of comparative law 20.11.2019: Legal families (overview). German (or Germanic) legal family (deutscher Rechtskreis) 27.11.2019: French legal family 04.12.2019: Anglo-American legal family 11.12.2019: The legal systems in Northern and Eastern Europe 18.12.2019: Legal systems in Asia 08.01.2020: Religious laws, in particular Islamic law 15.01.2020: Contract law I (Vertragsrecht) 22.01.2020: Contract law II 29.01.2020: Torts law (Deliktsrecht) 05.02.2020: Property law (Sachenrecht) 12.02.2020: Civil procedure Legal families (Rechtskreise) Common elements – „internal“ differences • German legal family • French (Romanic) legal family • Anglo-American legal family • Nordic legal family • Legal systems in Eastern Europe • Legal systems in Asia • Religious laws • „mixed jurisdictions“ -- Critique of legal family approach? Classification of legal systems according to regional criteria - „Europe as a - Asia whole“ - Africa - Western Europe - Latin America - Southern Europe - Australia - Northern Europe - Others (Micronesia, - Eastern Europe Melanesia, …) Law in Asia Law in Asia - Subregions • Eastern Asia: Japan, China, North and South Korea, Vietnam, others • Southern Asia: India, Pakistan, Philippines, others • Central Asia: part of post-Soviet space • Caucasus? • Western Asia: Turkey (?), Iran, Arabian Peninsula, Israel, Libanon, Syria, Iraq … Laws in Asia - some characteristics • Groups of countries: socialist states, economies in transition, states with „Western“ orientation, Islamic states, customary traditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Law and the Claim of Causation
    COMPARATIVE LAW AND THE CLAIM OF CAUSATION JEAN HO To accept that everything happens for a reason is to accept the connection between cause and effect that forms the basis of the notion of causation. Although causation or un lien de causalité has long been regarded as integral to the law on extra-contractual obligations, its use in the study of the development and status of comparative law in various legal systems has not been attempted. This article pursues a novel train of inquiry by claiming that the actual importance of comparative law to a legal system should be understood as a chain of events that culminate to inform the regard in which comparative law is held today. The claim of causation in comparative law posits that the history of engaging in comparative law in a legal system influences the type of scholarship on comparative law produced which in turn influences the pedagogy of comparative law. The veracity of this claim is tested by considering the history, scholarship and pedagogy of comparative law in selected legal systems in Europe and North America. This article then looks at several legal systems in Asia in one of which the claim of causation risks total displacement. Such an occurrence, far from defeating the claim of causation, reveals the difficulty of dissociating the pedagogy of comparative law (the effect) from its history and scholarship (the causes). TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION II. THE CLAIM OF CAUSATION IN CONTINENTAL EUROPE (FRANCE, GERMANY AND ITALY) A) HISTORY B) SCHOLARSHIP C) PEDAGOGY III. THE CLAIM OF CAUSATION IN ENGLAND A) HISTORY B) SCHOLARSHIP C) PEDAGOGY IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Doing Business in Asia Pacific M&A Law in Asia Pacific M&A Law in Asia Pacific
    FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMODITIES TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY Doing business in Asia Pacific M&A law in Asia Pacific M&A law in Asia Pacific Doing business in Asia Pacific Edited by Michael Joyce Partner Norton Rose Australia A NORTON ROSE GROUP GUIDE Norton Rose Group Norton Rose Group is a leading international legal practice. We offer a full business law service from offices across Europe, the Middle East and Asia Pacific. We are strong in financial institutions; energy; infrastructure and commodities; transport; and technology. Norton Rose Group comprises Norton Rose LLP, Norton Rose Australia and their respective affiliates.T he Group has more than 1800 lawyers in 30 offices worldwide. Leading Canadian law firm Ogilvy Renault, and leading South African law firm Deneys Reitz, will join Norton Rose Group on 1 June 2011. The enlarged Group will have 2500 lawyers in 38 offices worldwide, including Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Quebec, Calgary, Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town. © Norton Rose Australia 2010 First edition No. N8610 10/10 Earlier editions of Doing Business in Asia published under the imprint Deacons in hard copy (until 2008) and online (until 2009). The whole or extracts thereof may not be copied or reproduced without the publisher’s prior written permission. This publication is written as a general guide only. It does not contain definitive legal advice and should not be regarded as a comprehensive statement of the law and practice relating to this area. Up-to-date specific advice should be sought in relation to any particular matter. For more information on the issues reported here, please get in touch with us.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case for Gender Equality
    16 ASIA-PACIFIC HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT About the cover Deficits in women’s power and voice are at the heart of gender inequality. The cover design plays on mathematical symbols to depict the relationships between men and women—what they are and what should be. The equality symbol signifies that all people—women, men and those with other gender identities—are inherently valuable and ought to be equal members of the family and society. Other symbols—unequal, less than, greater than, approximately equal—draw attention to the presence of gender gaps, be they in public spaces, at work or in the home. About the separators Folktales and historical accounts provide a peek into society—as it was or can be imagined. Asia-Pacific has a wealth of local stories, ideas and experiences from the past. The chapter separators present a few selected nuggets. A common thread is women’s power and voice, their creativity and capability. Men are protagonists, not adversaries, in the search for equality, which benefits society as a whole. These short narratives complement and contrast with the Report’s data and analysis, providing a lyrical break between chapters. Power, Voice and Rights A Turning Point for Gender Equality in Asia and the Pacific Published for the United Nations Development Programme Copyright © 2010 by the United Nations Development Programme Regional Centre for Asia Pacific, Colombo Office Human Development Report Unit 23 Independence Avenue, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka ISBN: 978-92-1-126286-5 Assigned UN sales number: E.10.III.B.15 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission.
    [Show full text]