The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy PRESS/POLITICS News from the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

Fall 2008 Press/Politics

IN THIS ISSUE

Fall Fellows, p.2

First Kalb Professor of Global Communication, p.3

Anthony Lewis on Freedom of the Press, p.5 From left: Tom Brokaw, Bob Schieffer, George Stephanopoulos, and Judy Woodruff at the Democratic National Convention. ‘Old Media, New Media’ Shorenstein Center Hosts Convention Events Conference, p.5 presidential election year means national the media received considerable attention, as A political party conventions, and the did Tom Brokaw’s comments about MSNBC. Shorenstein Center hosted events at both the Democratic and Republican gatherings this year. The Republican Convention took place a week later in St. Paul. The event was titled “The The Democrats went first, holding their con- Press and the Election: American Demograph- vention in Denver. The Shorenstein Center’s ics” and featured Dan Balz of the Washington panel discussion was titled “The Press and the Post; Gwen Ifill of PBS; William Kristol from Election: A Conversation with Sunday Morning the Weekly Standard; Time magazine’s Karen TV Moderators.” It featured NBC’s Tom Brokaw, Tumulty; and moderator Alex Jones, director of CBS’s Bob Schieffer, and ABC’s George Stepha- the Shorenstein Center. Maralee Schwartz, Visiting nopoulos, and was moderated by Judy Wood- Murrow Lecturer in the Practice ruff of PBS. Attendees were welcomed by Alex For more on these and other Shorenstein of Press and Public Policy Jones, director of the Shorenstein Center. Center events, go to shorensteincenter.org.

With more than 400 journalists and politicians in attendance, the Shorenstein Center event was closely covered by bloggers and reporters. John Lewis Gives T.H. White Lecture Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell’s criticism of ohn Lewis, who represents Georgia’s Fifth J Congressional District, is the 2008 T.H. White Lecturer. A civil rights pioneer, Lewis was elected to Atlanta’s city council in 1981 and to Congress in 1986. Lewis is currently senior chief deputy whip for the Democratic Party, and serves on the House Ways and Means Committee. The 2008 David Nyhan Prize for Political Journalism goes to Bob Herbert, op-ed columnist for the New York Times. Both men were honored at the T.H. White event on November 20. A transcript will be posted on the Center’s website in December.

From left: William Kristol, Gwen Ifill, and Alex Jones at the Republican National Convention. PRESS/POLITICS The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Fall Brings New Fellows, Visiting Faculty to Shorenstein Center

Fellows a private cultural and public affairs institute dedicated to U.S.–Spain relations. In 1993, Sandra Nyaira he joined the Wall Street Sandra Nyaira is a reporter Journal, where he became the for the Association of Zimba- founding editor and associate bwe Journalists. In addition publisher of the Wall Street to writing for the Association, Journal Americas. His research Nyaira’s work has appeared in at the Shorenstein Center fo- the London Times, the Guard- cuses on the evolution of cable ian, and the British Journalism news toward more opinionated Review. Prior to joining the As- journalism as seen in the case sociation, Nyaira was the politi- study of Lou Dobbs. cal editor of the now-banned Zimbabwean independent Visiting Lecturer newspaper, the Daily News. As political editor, she oversaw award-winning coverage of Maralee Schwartz Zimbabwe’s political crisis. She Maralee Schwartz is the has won numerous awards for From left: Fellows Eric Pooley and Edward Schumacher-Matos; Maralee Schwartz, Visiting Visiting Edward R. Murrow Edward R. Murrow Lecturer on the Practice of the Press and Public Policy; and Fellows her writing, including the 2002 Sandra Nyaira and Rory O’Connor. Lecturer on the Practice of International Women’s Media the Press and Public Policy. Foundation’s Courage in Jour- Globe, Boston Phoenix, Boston as a columnist, writer and se- She is teaching a course titled nalism Award. Her work at the magazine and former alterna- nior editor. Pooley is research- “How Politicians Connect with Shorenstein Center focuses on tive weekly, the Real Paper. ing and writing a book about Voters: The 2008 Presidential new media and its influence O’Connor then began working the politics and economics Campaign.” Schwartz spent on public policy and politics in in broadcast journalism as a of climate change. He is the more than two decades as Zimbabwe. reporter and producer at Kalb Fellow at the Shorenstein a reporter and editor at the WGBH-TV, while his political Center and is focused on Washington Post. She joined Rory O’Connor commentary was featured press coverage of the climate- the Post in 1979 as a research- regularly on WBCN radio. He change issue. er, then became a general- Rory O’Connor is an author, later was a senior producer at assignment political reporter, blogger, journalist and film- WCVB-TV. O’Connor is a Sa- Edward a job that took her to the trail maker. He is co-founder and gan Fellow at the Shorenstein Schumacher-Matos with presidential candidates. president of the media firm Center, and is researching and During the 1992 general elec- Globalvision and oversees the writing a paper on trust, jour- Edward Schumacher-Matos tion, Schwartz moved on to the nonprofit media-watchdog nalism and social networks. is the CEO and founder of assignment desk, editing po- site MediaChannel.org. He Rumbo Newspapers and litical stories, and on election has served as co-executive Eric Pooley Meximerica Media, a chain of night, was named congres- producer of the broadcast four Spanish-language dailies sional editor. Schwartz became newsmagazines South Africa Eric Pooley is editor at large in Texas. Schumacher-Matos national political editor in 1996, Now and Rights & Wrongs: for Time magazine. Pooley began his career as a reporter responsible for all national Human Rights Television. He has been managing editor of at the Patriot Ledger in Quincy, political coverage as well as is the author of the recently Fortune, editor of Time Europe, Mass. before moving on to coverage of the White House. published Shock Jocks: Hate and in 2001–2002 was national the Philadelphia Inquirer. For In 2006, after more than 27 Speech & Talk Radio and editor of Time. Before that, he nearly a decade afterward, years covering national stories, co-author of Nukespeak: The served as Time’s chief politi- Schumacher-Matos worked at Schwartz was named deputy Selling of Nuclear Technology cal correspondent. In 1996, as the New York Times, first as business editor in charge of in America. A regular online Time’s White House correspon- the New York City economic- corporate governance, white columnist for AlterNet and dent, Pooley won the Gerald development reporter and collar crime and the markets. MediaChannel, O’Connor also Ford Prize for Excellence in later as bureau chief in Buenos In the fall of 2007, Schwartz writes a blog called “Media Reporting for his coverage of Aires and in Madrid. He left was a fellow at the Institute of Is a Plural.” O’Connor started the Clinton administration. Pre- the Times in 1988. In 1991, he Politics and led a study group as a print journalist, writing viously, Pooley had a 12-year returned to New York as direc- on the presidential campaign. and editing for the Boston career at New York magazine tor of the Spanish Institute,

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Matthew Baum Named First Kalb Professor NewsMakers of Global Communication Kiku Adatto’s Picture Perfect: Life in rofessor Matthew allow people to con- the Age of the Photo Op was recently PBaum was recently nect with politicians as published by the Princeton University named the first Kalb individuals as opposed Press. It’s a remarkable update of her Professor of Global to on the level of their earlier book of the same title, which Communication at the ideology or policy po- included the study of the shrinking Kennedy School. sitions. It doesn’t mean sound-bite on television news, that you don’t see policy she conducted as a Shorenstein Baum, who received discussions, because Center Fellow in 1989. his Ph.D. in political you do, but less of it science at UC San and framed very differ- David Anable, a fall 2005 Shorenstein Diego in 2000, studies ently. Framed through Fellow, is the interim chief executive of mass media and personal anecdote.” The Principia, a K–12 school in St. Lou- politics. In 2005 he is, and a four-year college in Illinois. published the book While Baum finds Soft News Goes to some of the claims Robert Blendon, Professor of Health War: Public Opinion made on the effect Policy and Management at the and American Foreign of the Internet to be Shorenstein Center, has received the Policy in the New exaggerated, he does Warren J. Mitofsky Award for Excel- Media Age, and has feel that it reached a lence in Public Opinion Research. been looking at how “threshold point” with the changes in the Barack Obama’s ability Jill Carroll, a Shorenstein Fellow in media landscape have to finance his bid with fall 2006 who had been at the Chris- been affecting politics. many small donations rather than party in- tian Science Monitor, is now training siders and major donors. “That’s significant to become a firefighter and emer- “In a relatively polarized electorate, with because it represents an alternative model gency medical technician in Fairfax very few remaining persuadable voters, for competing, for getting to the party County, Virginia. the premium on reaching those people is nomination. To me that’s a big change.” much higher,” Baum said in an interview Ted Gup, a Shorenstein Fellow in fall with the Harvard Kennedy School Bul- Baum is affiliated with the Shorenstein 2003, has been named chair of the letin. “Soft news—daytime and late night Center and has been a visiting professor at journalism department at Emerson talk shows—is one of the best ways to the Kennedy School for the last two years. College in Boston. He will assume his reach them, and politicians are very aware The professorship was named after Marvin new position in the fall of 2009. of this.” When politicians appear in such Kalb, founding director of the Shorenstein contexts, the differences are clear: There’s Center, and funding was provided by the Jeff Madrick, a spring 2001 very little mention of political parties or the Ansary Foundation. Hushang Ansary, a Shorenstein Fellow, is the author of other side. In its place is “talk of families, longtime member of the Center’s advisory a new book titled The Case for Big personal backgrounds, things that would board, is the benefactor of the foundation. Government.

Frederick Schauer, formerly the Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment at the Kennedy School, Fall 2008 Shorenstein Center Courses is now the David and Mary Harrison Distinguished Professor of Law at the The Arts of Communication; Marie Research Seminar: Press, Politics and University of Virginia. Danziger, Timothy McCarthy Public Policy; Thomas E. Patterson Challenges of Democratization; Religion, and Politics and Public Policy; Stephen J.A. Ward is the James E. Pippa Norris Richard Parker Burgess Professor of Journalism Eth- ics in the School of Journalism and New Media and Democracy; Nolan Bowie Intensive Writing for Politics and Policy; Mass Communication at the Univer- Greg Harris, Luciana Herman How Politicians Connect with Voters: sity of Wisconsin-Madison. Prof. Ward The 2008 Presidential Campaign; Mass Media, Public Opinion, and took up the newly endowed position Maralee Schwartz U.S. Foreign Policy; Matthew Baum in August 2008.

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Harvard/World Bank Conference Explores ‘The Roles of the News Media’

n May, the World Bank Communication for Governance and Account- I ability Program (CommGAP) and the Shorenstein Center co-spon- sored a three-day workshop on “The Roles of the News Media in the Governance Agenda: Watchdogs, Agenda-Setters, and Gatekeepers.” The conference was organized by Sina Odugbemi of CommGAP and Pippa Norris of the John F. Kennedy School of Government.

Panels responded to such questions as: “What are the most appro- priate normative standards and the ideal functions of news media systems?” “How do the roles of journalists vary across and among different world regions?” and “What is the role of the media in post- conflict reconstruction?” Papers written included “Agenda-Setting and Responsiveness to Humanitarian Crisis and Development Aid” (Douglas van Belle, University of Wellington) and “Press and the Public Sphere in Contemporary Latin America” (Silvio Waisbord, George Washington University).

“Global editors are struggling with what is more important. Is it the race for the White House ... or is it a natural disaster that is wreaking havoc in one of the most tightly shuttered countries on the planet?” wrote Susan Moeller, University of Maryland, in her conference paper. Paul Mitchell and Sina Odugbemi of the World Bank at the opening session.

New Journalism Education Report

Journalism School Curriculum Enrichment, a report of the Carne- gie-Knight Initiative on the Future of Journalism Education, has been released and is now available on Dean Mills at the Future of Journalism conference. Robert Picard and Jean Folkerts during a panel. the Shorenstein Center’s website, Conference Looks into Journalism’s Future shorensteincenter.org. The initiative is funded by Carnegie n June 20 and 21, 2008, the panels: “Working Journalists and the Corporation of New York and the OShorenstein Center hosted a con- Changing News Environment,” “Com- John S. and James L. Knight Foun- ference sponsored by the Carnegie- munication Research and the Changing dation. The two foundations have Knight Task Force on the Future of News Environment,” “Citizen Jour- joined together with 12 universities Journalism Education and funded by nalism,” “Innovations in Journalism to develop a vision of what a jour- Carnegie Corporation of New York. Education,” “The Changing Demand for nalism school can be at an institu- News and Its Implications,” and “The Participants included deans and jour- Economics of News: Prospects for tion of higher education. nalism educators from the universities New (and Old) Business Models.” The Carnegie-Knight Task Force affiliated with the Carnegie-Knight Task Force, working journalists and scholars The agenda and papers are available is the research arm of the Initiative from other academic disciplines. on the Shorenstein Center’s website, and is based at Harvard’s shorensteincenter.org. Shorenstein Center. The new report Among other activities, the two-day is the latest of five produced by the conference included six moderated Task Force.

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Left: Fellow Sandra Nyaira and Anthony Lewis at the reception before the Salant Lecture. Right: Lewis delivers his lecture. Center right: Chief Justice Margaret Marshall, Kennedy School of Government dean David Ellwood and Elisabeth Allison at the dinner that followed the lecture. Bottom right: Kennedy School students at the reception. Lewis Delivers First Annual Salant Lecture lex Jones, director of the Shorenstein coarse attack without any subtleties on ACenter, had no shortage of kind the passions of his readers. He disre- words as he introduced the inaugural gards principles to seize on people, fol- Salant Lecturer, Anthony Lewis, on lowing them into their private lives and October 1. Lewis, a two-time Pulitzer laying bare their weaknesses and their Prize winner, was “a man who has come vices,” Lewis said, and after a theatrical to embody the battle to keep the First pause, noted the year these words were Amendment vibrant and vigorous,” and published: 1835. whose work “opened the door to the robust and fearless national conversa- The estate of Dr. Frank Stanton, former tion that is at the heart of politics today.” president of CBS, provided funding for These sentiments were clearly echoed the Salant Lecture, which is named in by the attendees. honor of his longtime friend and col- league, Mr. Richard S. Salant, a lawyer, Lewis began his lecture by touching on media executive, ardent defender of the two views of the American press: “The First Amendment and passionate leader first comes from James Madison at the of broadcast ethics and news standards. end of the 18th century. In a republic, he said, where the people, not the govern- Lewis earned his first Pulitzer for na- ment, possess the absolute sovereignty, tional reporting in 1955 and his second the press must be free to inform the in 1963 for coverage of the Supreme people about the merits and measures Court. Lewis worked at the New York of public men.” The second came from Times for many years, first as a desk- Alexis de Tocqueville: “The hallmark of man, then as a reporter, as London the American journalist is a direct and bureau chief, and as a columnist.

Center Hosts Pre-conference for American Political Science Association n August 27 the Shorenstein Center theoretical and methodological challenges Georgetown University looked at attack Oco-sponsored a conference with the of the new media environment, with Geof- ads during the 2008 presidential race. Political Communication section of the frey Baym of UNC-Greensboro discussing American Political Science Association sites such as Facebook and YouTube. In During lunch, Thomas Patterson of the titled “Old Media, New Media: Political “Election Media,” chaired by Tom Fiedler Shorenstein Center spoke about the Communication in Transition.” of Boston University, Lindsay Neuberger varying ways in which Barack Obama and and Hillary Shulman of Michigan State Hillary Clinton were depicted in the media Panel topics ranged from comparative me- University reported their findings regard- during the primaries. Participants enjoyed dia to political engagement and social net- ing Web traffic during the 2008 Iowa and a reception in the Malkin Penthouse fol- working. A roundtable talk highlighted the New Hampshire primaries. Diana Owen of lowing the panels. shorensteincenter.org 5 PRESS/POLITICS The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

Cash Prizes for the Goldsmith Awards Will Increase in 2009 he cash prizes for the Goldsmith press. The program is funded by an radio or television stations that operate TAwards will increase in 2009, thanks to annual grant from the Goldsmith Fund of within the context of a community, and the continued generosity of the Goldsmith the Greenfield Foundation. There are two stand-alone new media groups. Fund of the Greenfield Foundation. In types of prizes: recognition of the narrow separation in The Goldsmith Book Prizes the quality of submissions between the The Goldsmith Prize Goldsmith investigative-reporting finalists for Investigative Reporting The book award consists of two and the winner, the finalist cash prizes categories—academic and trade—and a will increase from $2,000 to $10,000. The The prize honors investigative reporting $5,000 prize will be awarded to a book winner of the Goldsmith investigative in a story or series of related stories that in each category. Books will be judged reporting prize will receive $25,000. In best promotes more effective and ethical by how well they fulfill the objective addition, the award for Goldsmith Book conduct of government, the making of of improving government through an Prizes will increase from $2,500 to $5,000. public policy, or the practice of politics. examination of the intersection between The winner receives $25,000. The press, politics and public policy. The Goldsmith Awards Program seeks selection committee for the Goldsmith to encourage a more insightful, spirited Investigative Reporting Prize will pay The submission deadline for the Goldsmith public debate about the interrelationship special attention to investigative reporting Prizes is December 31, 2008. For more between government, politics and the at small market newspaper, magazine, information, go to shorensteincenter.org. Fall Series of Events Keeps the Shorenstein Center Buzzing hroughout the school year the September 30 featured a talk by Paul TShorenstein Center presents lectures Sagan, president and CEO of Akamai, and discussions in a variety of formats. “‘Clever and Cool’ Innovations on the Brown-bag lunches highlight speakers Internet,” then pollster Peter Hart who share their expertise and experi- weighed in with “Where We Are.” In his ence with Kennedy School students. Fall October 1 talk, Hart discussed a survey 2008 has been no exception with guests his firm did of new and lapsed voters. Of ranging from a technology-company those surveyed, Obama was supported CEO to a Republican media consultant by 61 percent and McCain 30 percent. to a national newsmagazine’s senior “If you have a 30-point differential, political analyst. you’re talking about sizable numbers and important numbers,” Hart said. The season kicked off September 16 with a talk by Time magazine’s Mark The brown-bag series continued with Halperin titled “The Home Stretch: The Steve Grove, head of news and politics Candidates and the Media.” At that at YouTube; Lynn Sweet of the Chicago point of the campaign McCain’s pick Sun-Times; and Elizabeth Spayd, editor of Sarah Palin was monopolizing news The Sun-Times’ Lynn Sweet and Alex Jones. of Washingtonpost.com, who looked at coverage and the economic meltdown the newsroom of the future. had just begun. Halperin felt that the Halperin’s. Obama doesn’t have a cam- media was doing a poor job of serving paign, but a cause, Castellanos said. The Election Day brown-bag was led the public — and that Barack Obama “And causes beat campaigns.” by Maralee Schwartz, Visiting Edward was being outmaneuvered. R. Murrow Lecturer on the Practice of Two weeks later, the financial crisis Press and Public Policy. Her talk, titled Next up was Alex Castellanos, a fellow was hitting hard when Jed Horne, metro “The End of the Trail: What We Know,” at the Institute of Politics who’d spent editor of the Times-Picayune, gave his looked at what an Obama administration more than two decades working as a talk. The Bush Administration was seek- might look like. “It will try to be bipar- media consultant for Republican candi- ing $700 billion for Wall Street, even as tisan, symbolically and operationally,” dates. His September 23 talk was titled reconstruction in New Orleans continued Schwartz said. “The Unprecedented Political Develop- to lag. “Here we are, without capital ments of Campaign ’08,” and his take infusion, without corporate support, Audio recordings of these discussions couldn’t have been more different than attempting to rebuild a city.” are available on shorensteincenter.org.

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Advisory Board Shorenstein Center Faculty and Staff Hushang Ansary Philip S. Balboni Luciana Herman, Adjunct Lecturer Lance Bennett in Public Policy Ann Blinkhorn David Broder Edith Holway, Fellows and Programs Mabel Cabot Administrator Richard Cavanagh Maxine Isaacs, Associate Philip Cavanaugh John DeLuca Steve Jarding, Lecturer in Public Policy E. J. Dionne, Jr. Marion Just, Associate Elizabeth Drew Howard Gardner Marvin Kalb, Edward R. Murrow Professor of Arthur Gelb Practice emeritus Loren Ghiglione Doris Graber Alex S. Jones, Director; Laurence M. Alexander Keyssar, Matthew W. Stirling, Jr. Roy Hammer Lombard Lecturer in Press and Public Policy Professor of History and Social Policy Carole Shorenstein Hays Nancy Palmer, Executive Director Leighton W. Klein, Web Journalist Stephen Hess Ellen Hume Alison Kommer, Staff Assistant Albert Hunt Matthew Baum, Kalb Professor of Global Walter Isaacson Communication Heather McKinnon, Staff Assistant Marion Just Robert J. Blendon, Professor of Health Jonathan Moore, Associate Bernard Kalb Policy and Management Pippa Norris, Paul F. McGuire Lecturer Marvin Kalb Richard Lambert in Comparative Politics Nolan Bowie, Adjunct Lecturer in Public Jonathan Moore Policy Richard Parker, Lecturer in Public Policy Dan Rather John S. Reidy Richard Cavanagh, Adjunct Lecturer in Thomas E. Patterson, Bradlee Professor Public Policy Donald S. Rice of Government and the Press Paul Sagan Marie Danziger, Lecturer in Public Policy; Maralee Schwartz, Visiting Edward R. Daniel Schorr Director, HKS Communications Program Murrow Lecturer on the Practice of the Press Douglas Shorenstein Marissa Shorenstein James Fleming, Financial Administrator and Public Policy Walter H. Shorenstein Greg Harris, Adjunct Lecturer in Public Camille Stevens, Staff Assistant Sen. Alan K. Simpson Policy Richard Tofel Linda Wertheimer

who demonstrates original thinking in Kennedy School policy analysis and public service. Scholarships Lewis Freedman Scholarship for Broad- cast Journalism/Frederick Roy Martin f you are interested in applying to Har- Scholarship: The Freedman Scholar- Ivard’s Kennedy School of Government, ship encourages journalists to expand please consider the following scholarship and deepen their knowledge of public- opportunities: policy issues. The Martin Scholarship was established in 1995 through the estate of Shorenstein Center Scholarship: This Nancy Martin. The funds support students is awarded to an individual who has been interested in journalism. accepted as a student and wishes to study William A. Starr Innovations Fellow- press, politics and public policy. Recipients ship: This fund was established to support Applicants should contact Stephanie are expected to work in journalism/com- students working to promote innovative Streletz, Associate Director of Student munications for a nonprofit, government solutions as leaders in journalism and pub- Financial Services, Kennedy School of agency or political entity for three years lic service. The fellowship will be awarded Government, 79 JFK Street, Cambridge, after graduation. to a journalist in the MPP or MPA program MA 02138; 617-496-9078. shorensteincenter.org 7 The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy

John F. Kennedy School of Government Non-Profit Org. Harvard University U.S. Postage PAID 79 John F. Kennedy Street Permit #375 Cambridge, MA 02138 Nashua, NH Telephone: 617-495-8269 Fax: 617-495-8696 Website: shorensteincenter.org