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Managing Bacterial Wilt, Caused by Erwinia Tracheiphila, on Muskmelon with Early Control of Striped Cucumber Beetle

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Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 12-2016 Managing bacterial wilt, caused by Erwinia tracheiphila, on muskmelon with early control of striped cucumber beetle ( Acalymma vittatum (F)), and through varietal selection Ahmad Shah Mohammadi Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Horticulture Commons Recommended Citation Mohammadi, Ahmad Shah, "Managing bacterial wilt, caused by Erwinia tracheiphila, on muskmelon with early control of striped cucumber beetle ( Acalymma vittatum (F)), and through varietal selection" (2016). Open Access Dissertations. 976. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/976 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School Form 30 Updated PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Ahmad Shah Mohammadi Entitled Managing Bacterial Wilt, Caused by Erwinia tracheiphila, on Muskmelon With Early Control of Striped Cucumber Beetle (Acalymma vittatum (F)), and Through Varietal Selection. For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Is approved by the final examining committee: Dr. Ricky E. Foster Dr. Peter M. Hirst Co-chair Dr. Elizabeth T. Maynard Co-chair Dr. Kevin T. Mc Namara Dr. Daniel S. Egel To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy of Integrity in Research” and the use of copyright material. Approved by Major Professor(s): Elizabeth T. Maynard Approved by: Hazel Y. Wetzstein 11/29/2016 Head of the Departmental Graduate Program Date i MANAGING BACTERIAL WILT, CAUSED BY Erwinia tracheiphila, ON MUSKMELON WITH EARLY CONTROL OF STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittatum (F)), AND THROUGH VARIETAL SELECTION A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Ahmad Shah Mohammadi In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2016 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii Dedicated to my loving parents, brothers, sisters especially to my warm-hearted wife and children, who have supported and cheered me throughout the process. I have been very blessed and grateful for their support, encouragement and fortitude at entire of my life. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This endeavor is the result of more than four years of hard work whereby I am highly indebted to many people who directly and indirectly helped me for its successful completion. First of all, I find no words and I cannot acknowledge in words to express my deepest heartfelt thanks to my beloved parents, brothers and sisters, and especially my adorable wife and children for their patience, sacrifice, kindness, confidence to be without me for many years, and constant companionship, encouragement, support and help rendered throughout of my life and education period. Also, I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to my co- advisors Dr. Ricky E. Foster Professor, Department of Entomology, and Dr. Elizabeth T. Maynard Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, and my committee member Dr. Daniel Egel, Associate Professor, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana. Certainly without their valuable advice this mission would not have been accomplished. I owe my heartfelt thanks for their delightful guidance and intangible efforts for providing me with the atmosphere and facilities that I needed for completing this work successfully. I use this opportunity to express my profound sense of respect and gratitude to the members of my advisory committee, Dr. Kevin T. McNamara Professor, Department of Agricultural Economic and Assistant Director of International Programs in Agriculture (IPIA) for his valuable accompaniment, inspiration, support, assistance, cooperation and arranging this amazing education and capacity building program for junior and senior Afghan Agriculture Faculties Staff. As a representative member of Agriculture Faculty Herat University in this program, I would like to express my warmest thanks and acknowledge his hard work and treasured program. Also, I convey my respect and iv gratefulness to my advisory committee Dr. Peter Hirst Professor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, for his edifying counsels and advices during the course of investigation. I would like to convey my thanks to the USAID for funding, Ministry of Higher Education, especially Agriculture Faculty Herat University, Afghanistan for their supports and cooperation. I also express my sincere thanks to all my respected professors and staff of Departments of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Entomology and International office (SAAF, A4 and IPIA), Purdue University for their cooperation and help which added to the success of this work. Friendship is the most important ingredient in the recipe of life and it adds more flavor when that is from different states with different language and culture. I am fortunate to have found a myriad of friends here and other places. I am thankful for the emotional support from my all friends, who encouraged and helped me in each and every step of my graduation. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... xv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... xviii INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ................................. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Literature Review.................................................................................................... 4 1.2.1. Muskmelon ........................................................................................................ 4 1.2.1.1. Muskmelon Origin and Production .............................................................. 4 1.2.1.2. Muskmelon Nutritional Value ................................................................... 6 1.2.1.3. Muskmelon Characteristics ....................................................................... 6 1.2.1.4. Production with Drip Irrigation and Plastic Mulch .................................. 9 1.2.1.5. Harvesting and storage ............................................................................... 11 1.2.2. Striped Cucumber Beetle (SCB) (Acalymma vittata (F.)) .................................. 12 1.2.2.1. Striped Cucumber Beetle (SCB) ................................................................ 12 1.2.2.2. Striped Cucumber Beetle Biology ............................................................. 13 1.2.2.3. Striped Cucumber Beetle Life History....................................................... 13 1.2.3. Bacterial Wilt ...................................................................................................... 14 1.2.3.1. Bacterial Wilt Life Cycle ........................................................................... 14 1.2.3.2. Disease Symptoms ..................................................................................... 16 1.2.3.3. Bacterial Wilt Management ....................................................................... 17 1.2.3.4. Row Covers ................................................................................................ 17 1.2.3.5. Biological Control and Trap Crops ............................................................ 18 1.2.3.6. Insecticides ................................................................................................. 19 EXPERIMENTS 2013 AND 2014 ......................................................... 22 vi Page 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 22 2.2. Material and Methods ................................................................................................ 24 2.2.1. Experiment 1 (TPAC 1) ................................................................................... 24 2.2.2. Experiment 2 (TPAC 2) .............................................................................. 25 2.2.3. Experiment 3 (SWPAC) .............................................................................. 26 2.3. Data Components .................................................................................................. 28 2.3.1. Striped Cucumber Beetle Sampling ............................................................ 28 2.3.2. Bacterial Wilt Severity ................................................................................ 28 2.3.3. Plant Vigor .................................................................................................. 29 2.3.4 Number of Marketable Fruits and Total Yield Record ..................................... 29 2.4. Results and Discussion ......................................................................................... 33 2.4.1 Results..............................................................................................................
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