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US Forest Service Technical Assistance Mission Water Quality and Water Source Protection in Kigoma and Tabora Regions, Tanzania November 8 – 23, 2009

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US Forest Service Technical Assistance Mission Water Quality and Water Source Protection in Kigoma and Tabora Regions, Tanzania November 8 – 23, 2009 US Forest Service Technical Assistance Mission Water Quality and Water Source Protection in Kigoma and Tabora Regions, Tanzania November 8 – 23, 2009 December 2009 Prepared by Beverly Young Robert Sassor Environmental Engineer Water Resources and Biodiversity US Forest Service Manager Northern Region US Forest Service, Office of PO Box 7669 International Programs Missoula, MT 59807 Kigoma, Tanzania Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Contents Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................iii Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ iv 1. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Introduction................................................................................................................................ 2 3. Background and Context: Safe Water........................................................................................ 3 3.1 Source Water Protection ....................................................................................................... 3 3.2 Water Quality Standards and Monitoring............................................................................. 4 4. Water Quality Equipment and Training..................................................................................... 5 4.1 Water Quality Testing Equipment Invested in Tabora ........................................................ 5 4.2 Source Sampling and Training.............................................................................................. 6 5. Source Water Protection Training ............................................................................................ 10 6. World Water Monitoring Day...................................................................................................11 Glossary ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 13 Appendix 1: Mission Scope of Work............................................................................................ 14 Appendix 2: Mission Itinerary...................................................................................................... 17 Appendix 3: Individuals Consulted .............................................................................................. 22 Appendix 4: Tanzanian Drinking Water Standards...................................................................... 25 Appendix 5: Marketing of Equipment Donated to the Tanganyika Basin Office ........................ 27 Appendix 6: Standards for Bacteriological Sampling .................................................................. 29 Appendix 7: Source Water Protection Workshop Attendees........................................................ 31 Tables Table 1: Training conducted during this mission. ...........................................................................1 Table 2: Water Quality Results from Sikonge District and Igombe, Tabora……………………...9 Table 3: World Water Monitoring Day data from the Kigoma region………………………..…11 Figure 1: Draft flyer advertising TBO’s water quality testing equipment.....................................28 Credits Cover photo © 2009 Beverly Young US Forest Service Technical Assistance Mission Page ii Water Quality and Water Source Protection in Kigoma and Tabora Regions, Tanzania (November 2009) Acknowledgements We are grateful to the following individuals for their time and commitment to help make this mission a success. At the Jane Goodall Institute-Tanzania, we are grateful to the following for their input on the mission’s scope of work and support during its implementation in Kigoma region: Emmanuel Mtiti, Mary Mavanza, Aristedes Kashula and Adrian Jackson. We are additionally grateful to Adrian for accompanying us to the Kalinzi Secondary School for the World Water Monitoring Day activities. We are also grateful to our colleagues at Africare for hosting the Tabora portion of the mission, including a field practicum conducted in Sikonge district. Our thanks to Shidumu Mawe for organizing local logistics and facilitating village water committee meetings in Isanjandugu and Usunga. Rafael Mhapa, Africare’s driver, made our long trips enjoyable and safe with his good cheer and careful driving. We are privileged to share ongoing collaborations with our partners in the Sikonge District Council related to seven USAID/TZ-funded water resources to be developed in Sikonge district in 2010. In particular, we appreciate Severino Kagyabukamo, Technical Manager of the Sikonge Urban Water and Sewerage Authority, for his important contributions to the village water committee meetings in Isanjandugu and Usunga and his support during the water quality practicum in Sikonge district. We continue to enjoy a fruitful working relationship with Paschal Ngunda, Sikonge District Water Engineer, and Jafari Wibonella, Senior Technician for the Sikonge District Water Department, whose support and hard work give shape to USFS’ activities in Sikonge district. Thanks also to Paschal and the Sikonge District Council for the excellent meals provided during the Sikonge portion of this mission. Our gratitude also to Julius Ishabakaki at the Tanganyika Basin Office for his guidance related to Tanzania’s water laws and input on the one-day source water protection workshop conducted in Kigoma during this mission. Additionally, we thank Dr. Hassani Mjengera and Nadhifa Kemikimba at the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and Chobaliko Rubabwa at the Tanganyika Basin Office for their input regarding the mission’s scope of work and the equipment purchased by USFS for the Tanganyika Basin Office’s sub-office in Tabora. The Tanganyika Basin Office also supported this mission through the involvement of: Paul Kiliho, Zonal Water Chemist; Benard Chikarabhani, Hydrogeologist; and Peter Hosea, Hydrology Technician. Thanks also to Mr. Evans Binya, Lab Chemist of the Tabora Urban Water and Sewerage Authority, for providing insight on water quality testing and lab space for our water quality testing practicum. US Forest Service Technical Assistance Mission Page iii Water Quality and Water Source Protection in Kigoma and Tabora Regions, Tanzania (November 2009) Acronyms and Abbreviations JGI-TZ the Jane Goodall Institute-Tanzania MDG United Nations Millennium Development Goal mg/l milligrams per liter (equivalent to parts per million) NGO Non-governmental organization ppb Parts per billion ppm Parts per million R&S the Roots & Shoots global program for youth of the Jane Goodall Institute TBO Tanganyika Basin Office of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation TNTC Too Numerous to Count TUWASA Tabora Urban Water and Sewerage Authority UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development USFS United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service UV Ultraviolet WHO World Health Organization WWMD World Water Monitoring Day US Forest Service Technical Assistance Mission Page iv Water Quality and Water Source Protection in Kigoma and Tabora Regions, Tanzania (November 2009) 1. Summary The US Forest Service (USFS), through the Office of International Programs, is an implementing partner of the US Agency for International Development (USAID)/Tanzania to promote water resource projects funded through the Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005. The role of the USFS in this program is as a provider of targeted technical assistance and capacity-building aimed at assisting lead implementing non-governmental organizations (NGOs) – specifically Africare and the Jane Goodall Institute-Tanzania (JGI-TZ) – with the implementation of USAID-funded water resource projects. During a USFS mission to the Tabora and Rukwa regions in May and June 2009, the following opportunities for USFS investments were identified, which have subsequently been undertaken: • funding the development of four boreholes in the Kipanga ward of Sikonge district using USFS best practices, and capacity-building related to project design; and • purchasing water quality testing equipment1for, and additionally donating equipment from USFS stocks2 to, the Tanganyika Basin Office, with training as needed regarding the equipment’s maintenance and use. The purpose of this mission was to: work with the Tanganyika Basin Office to set up USFS- funded water quality testing equipment, including a practicum related to the equipment’s use which evaluated the quality of traditional and improved water sources in Sikonge district; establish systems for the ongoing use and maintenance of USFS-donated equipment, including systems to test the quality of water produced by USAID-funded water points in the Tabora region once they are completed in 2010; raise awareness among youth related to water quality and source water protection; and promote source water protection among water engineers and natural resource professionals in the Kigoma region. Capacity-building and trainings conducted during this mission are summarized in Table 1 Table 1: Training conducted during this mission. Activity Number of Number of Number of Total individuals person days person
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