Metropolitan Orchestra

JamesLevine JessyeNorman

30 April 1991 Dear Friends, Greetings!

When tonight's concert begins, you will be Among Ann Arbor's greatest assets is its cultural witnessing two historic University Musical life, a large portion of it nurtured and maintained Society occasions. First, this is the premier by the University Musical Society for 112 of the Metropolitan consecutive concert seasons! As a member of Opera Orchestra outside of . this University community for over 20 years, I have Second, this is one of the warmest enjoyed many of these continually top-notch moments in the relationship between the presentations. Now, as President of the University University Musical Society and its patrons, of Michigan as well as a Director of the University as we declare this evening's concert one Musical Society, it is my privilege to welcome you of the most loving and generous shows of to this evening's glorious event. support by UMS patrons in the history of the Society. _^ ,_. Ann Arbor, with its magnificent Hill Auditorium, is i|| | If ML 8 favorite performing venue for artists the world Special thanks go to you, the over. Sooner or later most of them arrive on our concertgoers, from the Musical Society campus, many to return again and again Board of Directors, staff, and dedicated ;|jl|jLgfthroughout their careers. This evening, we will volunteers who have worked diligently to experience a "first" as and the make this evening a great success. It is Orchestra make their Ann your commitment to excellence that makes Arbor debuts, and we'll savor a very special possible not only this concert but also * homecoming for the esteemed, world-renowned sustains the entire concert season through! soprano . your contributions. Ann Arbor and the University of Michigan can Sincerely, indeed be proud!

Kenneth C. Fischer James J. Duderstadt Executive Director President University Musical Society University of Michigan uoseas i|)ji I aqj jo yaauoQ qnuu-Aviuj.

/weqs Aq paiussajdaj sj UBWJON aAssap

A;j3 >|jOA/v\aN "ou| iuawa6euey\| sjsjuv eiqujnjOQ Aq paiuasajdaj aie aujAsi semep pue ejjsaipjo Bjadg ueji|odojiav\| aqi

uei||odojja^| aqi jo ouBjd |Bpi))o ai|j si eqeuie^

poojv\ BjifluAj -SIAJ uiojj UOIJBIOOSSV Bjadg

pue snojauaG B Aq aiqissod apeui si eJisaqajQ Bjadg uB|i|odoJia^ am Aq aoueiaiojjad siqi

ueuuo{\| ss||/\| Butuawuiepjaupg uiojj 'auaog uojieiouiui)

||Ap|pajj}BajSV

uo|ss|uua|U|

ej)sai|3JO pue ouejdos \o\anbuAi auaas 'gjiedoaiy apjjof/y ei zoi|jag

:i|osjB|/\| :uaB|ay

g'dg 'ej)sai|3JO J0| saaajj aajm

ueB{L|3i|Aj 'joqjv uuy Lunuojipny ||!H

I66t '0£ IHdv BujUBAg Aspsani

ousjdos ueuuoN aAssap

jopnpuog pus jopajjQ ojjsjiJV auiA3-| sauiep

A^aioos |eoisn|/\| AllSJdAIUf) Program Notes

Three Pieces for Orchestra, Op.6 Born , February 9,1885 Died Vienna, December 24,1935

Born to an upper-middle-class family, Alban Berg resided all his life in his native Vienna. A passionate -lover and self-taught composer as a youth, his brother showed Alban's early manuscripts to , who was advertising in 1904 for composition students. Schoenberg immediately recognized the natural talent of the nineteen-year-old and started him on a rigorous course of study. At about the same time, , a university-trained scholar, also began studying with Schoenberg. The music of Schoenberg was at that time steeped in the Romantic tradition of Wagner, Mahler, and Strauss, but as he developed new theories and techniques, his eager students followed him, and together they formed the "": the twentieth-century successors to Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Initially they worked together searching for ways to stretch the expressive language of music far beyond the bounds of existing rules, particularly in the realization of a new kind of musical freedom in which atonal center was no longer a barrier with which to contend. Eventually, all three were to succeed each with his own personal musical language. Berg's Three Pieces for Orchestra, Op.6 are scored for large orchestra with generous percussion resources and with strings divided into five sections. Dedicated to Schoenberg, they are essentially post-Romantic, despite their extreme chromaticism, unusual chord progressions, and considerable dissonance. The Praludium is colorful and impressionistic. It grows out of the sound of unpitched percussion, settling around E-flat, and offers some thematic development before retreating to its beginnings. The second movement, Reigen ("Round Dance"), contains both a waltz and a Landler, coexisting in a synthesis of the old and the new. Interestingly, Reigenwas also the name of a notorious play of the time by Arthur Schnitzler. Its subject was ten dialogues of sordid sexual encounters, and glimpses of Lulu (1929-35) can certainly be perceived. The final Marscftisthe longest and most powerfully developed instrumental movement achieved by any of the three composers/friends in their years of free atonality. The Marsch is grand in style, imaginative, and certainly not without chaos. Although composed in 1914-15, the Three Pieces for Orchestra were not to be heard in their entirety until April 14,1930, when Johannes Schiiler conducted them in Oldenburg, Germany, where he served as . Previously, Webern had conducted Praludium and Reigen in Berlin in June of 1923. La Monde Cleopatre, scene lyriqueior Soprano and Orchestra Hector Berlioz Born La Cote-Saint-Andre, December 11,1803 Died , March 8,1869

With the composition of La Mortde Cleopatre, Hector Berlioz made his third try at winning the coveted Grand Prixde Rome, the great honor and bene­ faction that France annually bestowed on its young creative artists between 1803 and 1968. Forthe prize in composition, the contestants were secluded with copies of a poetic text that all of them were to set to music. The composition was an important part of artistic life, but its place in history is mixed. Saint-Saens and Ravel, both of them superb technicians-among other things-failed to win. Otherfine French composers preferred not to enter the competition, for the prize-winners were more often distinguished for academic excellence than for originality of invention. In 1827 and 1828, the jury thought that Berlioz' work was inferior to that of Jean-Baptiste- Louis Guiraud and of a certain Ross-Despreaux, to whom it awarded its prizes. (Guiraud's son, Ernest, who was born in New Orleans, in 1859 became the only composer of American birth who ever won France's Prix de Rome.) Berlioz told the story of the 1829 competition in letters to his family and friends, and he retold it years later in his memoirs. La Mortde Cleopatre is a scene lyrique, which is the French equivalent of "operatic scene" (not "lyric scene"), and the text was by an obscure minor poet, P.G. Vieillard (whose name means "old man" or "old fogey"). The soprano who was to sing the newly written piece for the jury was suddenly called to the rescheduled dress rehearsal for the premiere of Rossini's Guillaume fe//and sent her inexperienced, ill-prepared younger sister, who was still a Conservatory student, to sing the difficult part. The vieillardsof the jury were mystified by Berlioz' new musical vocabulary and hardly understood what he was seeking to express in it. They refused him the Grand Prix, but at least they spared him the indignity of awarding it to some nonentity. There was no prize at all in 1829; provision was made for two awards in 1830, one of which was to be his at last. Ironically, Berlioz found that he did not care much for Rome and the Academy, but the trip there, and his travels on the Italian peninsula, turned out to be of great importance in his life and work. The painter Ingres and the sculptor Pradieu,who were on the 1829 jury, thought the votes of the musicians unfair under the circumstances, even though, as Berlioz wrote to his father, they had only a very limited under­ standing ofthe problems.The director of the Conservatory, Cherubini, with whom Berlioz had had differences, voted for Cleopatre, but the composer thought he had probably done so for the wrong reasons. Illness prevented Berlioz' sympathetic teacher Le Sueur, from voting. The votes of the popular opera composers Auber and Boieldieu had more to do with the politics of aesthetics than with the merits of the composition. When it was over, Auber (pro) warned Berlioz that his advanced style would endanger his career, and Boieldieu (confra) said that the jury wanted Berlioz to have the prize but simply could not vote for what it had heard in the music. The fashion ofthe moment was different, Berlioz wrote years later in his memoirs (here abridged from the translation by David Cairns): "Soothing music was what Paris wanted, even in violent situations; music that was not too dramatic, but rather colorless, safely predictable, modest in its demands on the performer and listener alike. There was no point in writing their kind of music. Why not my own kind, from the heart? The subject was'Cleopatra after the Battle of Actium' [the naval encounter in which she was defeated by Octavian in 31 BC]. The Queen of Egypt clasps the asp to her bosom and dies in convulsions; but before dying, she invokes the spirits of the Pharoahsand in holy fear demands to know if she may hope to enter those mighty vaults erected to the shades of monarchs distinguished for fame and virtue. Here was an idea worth expressing. The music came easily to me. I wrote what I believe was an imposing piece, the rhythm original, the progressions rich and somber, and the melody unfolding slowly and dramatically in a long sustained crescendo."

Cleopatrewas published for the first time in 1903, but 30 years later a British biographer of the composer wrote that he knew of no performances of the work since the jury heard it in 1829.

b'en estdonc fait! Ma honte est assures. So it is over! I am assured of shame. Veuve d'Antoine et veuve de Cesar, The widow of Anthony and the widow of Caesar Au pouvoir d'Octave livre, Is delivered into the hands of Octavian. Je n'aipu captiverson farouche regard. It could not soften his stern look. J'etais vaincue, etsuis deshonoree. I was conquered, and I am dishonored. En vain, pour ranimer I'eclat de mes attraits It was in vain that, to relight the brilliance of my beauty, J'ai profane le deuil d'un funeste veuvage. I profaned the mourning of my dreary widowhood. En vain, en vain de I'art epuisant les secrets, In vain, in vain, exhausting the secrets of artifice, J'ai cache sous des fleurs les fers de I'esclavage; I hid under flowers the fetters of slavery. Rien n'a pu du vainqueur desarmer les decrets. Nothing could disarm the conqueror's decrees. A ses piedsj'ai trains mes grandeurs opprimees, I dragged my downtrodden grandeurs to his feet. Mes pleurs meme ont coule, sur ses mains repa'ndus, My tears poured over the hands he held out, Etla fille des Ptolemees And the daughter of the Ptolemies A subi /'affront des refus. Suffered the affront of refusal. Ah! Oui'ils son loin ces jours, tourment de mas memoire, Oh, how distant are those days that torture my memory, Ou surle sein desmers, comparable a , When, like Venus, from the depths of the sea, D'Antoine et de Cesar reflechissant la gloire, Reflecting the glory of Anthony and Caesar, J'apparus triomphante aux rives du Cydnus! I made my triumphant appearance on the banks of the River Cydnus! Actium m'a livree au vainqueur que me brave. Actium delivered me to my vanquisher, who now affronts me. Mon sceptre, mes tresors ont passe dans ses mains; My scepter, my treasures, were handed overto him. Ma beaute me restait, etles mepris d'Octave I still had my beauty but Octavian's scorn Pour me vaincre ont fait plus que le fer des Romains. Did more to conquer me than the Romans' swords. Au comble des revers, qu'aurais-je encor a craindre? With my reserves at their worst, what would I still have to fear? Reine coupable, que dis-tu? Culpable queen, what are you saying? Du destin quim'accable est-ce a moi de me plaindre? Is it for me to complain of the fate that is overwhelming me? Ai-je pour I'excuser les droits de la vertu ? Have I a claim of courage that makes up for it? J'ai d'un epoux deshonorare la vie. I dishonored the memory of my husband. C'estpar moi, qu'aux Romains I'Egypte est asservie, It is because of me that Egypt has been subjugated by the Romans Est que d'lsis I'ancien culte est detruit. And that the ancient cult of Isis has been destroyed. Quel asile chercher? Where to seek refuge? Sans parents! Sans patrie! Without family, without fatherland! lln'en est plus pourmoique l'eternelle nuit! There is nothing else for me, but eternal night! Meditation

Grands Pharaons, nobles Lagides, Great Pharaohs, noble Lagides, Verrez-vous entrersans courroux, Will you, without wrath, allow to enter and Pour dormir dans vos pyramides, To sleep in your pyramids Une reine indigne de vous? A queen unworthy of you? A/on/... A/on, de vos demeures funebres No! No! Your funereal resting places' Je profanerais la splendeur. Splendor would be profaned by me. Rois, encor au sein des tenebres, Kings there in the heart of darkness, Vous me fuiriez avec horreur. You would flee from me in horror! A/on, j'ai' d'un epoux deshonore la vie. No, I have dishonored the memory of my husband. Sa cendre estsous mes yeux, son obre me poursuit His ashes are before my eyes; his shade is pursuing me. C'estpar moi qu'aux Remains I'Egypte est asservie. It is because of me that Egypt has been subjugated by the Romans. Par moi nos Dieux on fui les murs d'Alexandrie, Because of me our gods have fled Alexandria's walls Et d'lsis le culte est dirit. And the cult of Isis has been destroyed.

Osiris proscrit ma couronne, Osiris has proscribed my crown. A Typnonje livre mes jours! To Typhon I give up my life. Centre I'horreur qui m'environne Against the horror that surrounds me Un vil reptile est mon recours. A vile reptile is my last resort.

Dieux du Nil, vous m'avez trahie! Gods of the Nile, you have betrayed me! Octave m'attend a son char, Octavian is waiting for me in his chariot, Cleopatra en quittantla vie' Cleopatra, in leaving this life, Redevient digne de Cesar! Becomes worthy of Caesar again!

by Leonard Burkat Program note copyright ©1991 A Siegfried Idyll Richard Wagner Born Leipzig, May 22,1813 Died Venice, February 13,1883

It is hard to believe that the composer who felt love as the wild destroying passion of , in which love and death are one, could ever have known domestic content. But years later, Wagner did know a period of peace and domestic fulfillment. In November 1870, his heart overflowing with gratitude, he composed a birthday present for his wife Cosima: the blissfully contented music we know as A Siegfried Idyll. Here, at last, love no longer meant night and death, but birth and dawn. It referred to their tiny son Siegfried ("Fidi"). Cosima's birthday fell on December 25. In the Wagner household, this combined birthday and Christmas present was dubbed the Treppenmusik ("staircase music"), because the first performance was played on the staircase of Villa Triebschen, their home on Lake Lucerne. Wagner took the greatest precautions to make the birthday performance a surprise. Early Christmas morning, the fifteen players of the tiny chamber orchestra took up their places silently on the stairs of the villa, with Wagner, who was , at the top. It was long supposed that all the themes of the Idyll, except for an old German lullaby, were taken from Wagner's opera Siegfried. Its first and principaltheme is the peaceful melody that introduces Briinnhilde's words in the last act: "Ewig warich" ("Deathless was I"). But this melody does not come originally from the opera. It comes from the sketches for a string quartet that Wagner had planned as a present to Cosima, years earlier at the time when they were falling in love. So this reference to their first attachment, in the work celebrating their domestic felicity, had sentimental meaning for both Wagner and Cosima beyond the beauty of the music itself. A group of soft, caressing themes leads to the old German cradle-song "Schlaf, Kindchen, schlafe" ("Sleep, Little Child, Sleep"), which is piped very simply by the oboe. But the allusions of these innocent-seeming themes are anything but simple. Ernest Newman, the great English Wagner authority who untangled the sources of the Idyll, pointed out that this lullaby was jotted down in Wagner's diary before Siegfried was born, and that it referred not to Siegfried but to little Eva, then almost two years old. We may never know the full extent of the private allusions of the Idyll. Is it only a coincidence, for example, that the lullaby repeats the notes of the Idylfs first theme, but reversed, as if seen in a mirror? The first theme returns, the strings put on their mutes, the music shifts dreamily into a distant key, and after some rhythmic hesitations, the woodwinds introduce the melody "0 Siegfried, herrlicher! Hort tier Welt!" which Briinnhilde sings to Siegfried in their great love duet. This, too, came originally from the string quartet sketches of 1864. These melodies work up to a brief climax, which is suddenly cut off, and a solo horn introduces the more energetic theme associated with Siegfried as a young man. The song of the bird from the forest scene and other themes from the opera bring another short climax. Then the hushed mood of the lullaby returns, with the first themes clothed in even more glowing poetry. The end is like the beginning of a peaceful sleep.

Edward Dowries Copyright ©The Philharmonic Symphony Society of New York, Inc., 1985 Reprinted by permission. Immolation Scene, from Gotterdammerung Richard Wagner Born Leipzig, May 22,1813 Died Venice, February 13,1883

The lifeless body of Siegfried lies on its bier in the hall of the Gibichungs beside the Rhine. Gunther, too, is dead, felled by the sword of the brutal and madly ambitious Hagen, who is now astonished by the threatening, supernatural gesture of Siegfried as he tried to seize the Ring from the corpse's finger. In this moment of spellbound horror, the transfigured Brunnhilde advances with tranquil majesty. The Rhine-daughters have made clear to her the whole vast tangle of fate and sin and tragedy that has enmeshed them all. After long contemplation of Siegfried's body, she turns to the awestruck men and women and begins a great address, filled with lofty eloquence, grief, passion, solemnity, and exaltation. She addresses her last, infinitely sorrowful words to her father, Wotan. Her sacrifice accom­ plishes the affirmation of her last words, that love is the one eternal and enduring good, as she leaps upon her horse and together they gallop into the flames of the great hero's funeral pyre.

Brunnhilde: (to the vassals) Starke Scheite Pile up on high schichtet mir dort mighty logs am Rande des Rheins zu Hauf'l there on the bank of the Rhine! Hoch und hell High and bright lodre die Glut, letthe flames rise die den edlen Leib that shall consume the noble body des hehresten Helden verzehrt! of the greatest of heroes! Sein Ross fiihret daher, Bring his horse here, dassmitmirdem Recken esfolge: that with me he may follow the brave warrior: denn des Helden heiligste for my own body Ehre zu tei/en yearns to share verlangtmein eigenerLeib. the hero's highest honor. VollbringtBriinnhildes Wort! Carry out Brunnhilde's command!

(The men begin to build a funeral pyre)

Wie Sonne tauter Like clear sunshine strahlt mir sein Licht: his light shines upon me: der Reinste war er, purest of beings was he dermich verriet! who was traitor to me! Die Gattin triigend False to his wife - treu dem Freunde - -true to his friend - von der eignen Trauten from his own true love - einzig ihm teuer- - his only beloved - schied ersich durch sein Schwert. he barred himself with his sword. Echter als er More loyally than he schwur keiner Eide; none ever swore vows; treuer als er more faithfully than he hielt keiner Vertrage; none ever kept compact; lautrerals er more'pure than he liebte kein andrer: none ever loved: und doch, alle Eide, and yet all vows, alle Vertrage, all compacts, die treueste Liebe - the truest love - trog keiner wie er! none like him has betrayed! Wisst ihr wie das ward? Do you know how that was?

0 ihr, der Eide 0 ye, th e ete rn a I ewige Hiiter! guardians of vows, Lenkt euren Blick turn your eyes aufmein bliihendes Leid: on my full-flowing grief: erschaut sure ewige Schuld! behold your everlasting guilt! Meine Klage hor', Hear my charge, du hehrster Gott! most venerable god! Durch seine tapferste Tat, Through his bravest deed, dir so tauglich erwiinschst, by thee desired, weihtest du den, thou didst doom him, dersie gewirkt, who had performed it, dem Fluche, dem du verfielst to the curse which had befallen you. Mich-musste He, truest of all, derReinste verraten, had to betray me, dass wissend wiirde ein Weib! that a woman might find wisdom!

Weiss ich nun, was dir frommt? Have I learned all that avails thee?

Alles! Alles! All things, all Alles weiss ich: now I know: alles ward mir nun frei! all is clear to my eyes. Auch deine Raben . The wings of thy ravens hor'ichrauschen: I hear rustling: mitbang ersehnter Botschaft I send them home to thee, send'ich die beiden nun heim. with news both feared and longed-for. Ruhe! Ruhe, du Gott! Rest! Restthou, Oh God!

(She signs to the vassals to lift Siegfried's body onto the pyre; she draws the Ring from his finger and looks at it meditatively.)

Main Erbe nun My heritage now nehm'ich zu eigen. I take for my own. VerfluchterReif/ Accursed Ring! FurchtbarerRing! Dread Ring! Dem Gold fass'ich, I grasp the gold, undgeb'es nun fort. and give it away. Der Wassertiefe ' Ye wise sisters weise Schwestern, of the watery deep, des Rheinesschwimmende Tb'chter, ye swimming daughters of the Rhine, euch dank' ich redlichen Rat. I thank you for your good counsel. Was ihr begehrt, What ye desire, ich geb' es euch: I give you now: aus meiner Asche out of my ashes nehmt es zu eigen. ta ke it f o r yo u r own. Das Feuer, das mich verbrennt, May the fire that burns me rein'ge vom Fluche den Ring; cleanse the Ring from the curse! ihr in der Flut Dissolve it loset ihn auf, in the stream, und tauter bewahrt and ever keep safe das lichte Gold, the pure, shining gold das euchzum Unheilgeraubt. whose theft wrought such evil. (She has put the Ring on her finger, and now takes a firebrand from one of the men.)

Fliegt helm, ihr Raben! Fly home, ye ravens! Raunt es eurem Herren, Tell your lord was hieram Rhein ihrgehort! whatyou heard here on the Rhine! An Brunnhildes Felsen, Fly past Brunnhilde's rock, fahrt vorbei: derdortnoch lodert where Loge is still flaming, weisetLoge nach Walhall! and bid him go to Valhalla! Denn der Goner Ende For the end of the gods dammertnun auf: is now dawning: so - werf'ich den Brand see -1 throw the firebrand in Walhallsprangende Burg! into Valhalla's glorious citadel!

(She hurls the brand onto the pyre. Two ravens fly up and disappear in the background. She turns to her steed.)

Grane, mein Ross, Grane, my steed, seimirgegriisst! greetings to you! Weisst du auch, mein Freund, My friend, do you know wohin ich dich fuhre? whither I lead you? Im Feuer leuchtend In the bright fire liegt don dein Herr, there lies your master, Siegfried, mein seliger Held. Siegfried, my blessed hero. Dem Freunde zu folgen, Are you neighing, wieherst du freudig? Eager to be following your friend? Lockt dich zu ihm Do the laughing flames die lachende Lohe? allure you? Fiihl'meine Brust auch, Feel my breast, too, wie sie entbrennt; how it is burning; helles Feuer bright flames das Herz mir erfasst. seize on my heart. Ihn zu umsch/ingen, To clasp him to me, umschlossen von ihm, to be held fast in his arms, in machtigster Minne to be united with him vermahlt ihm zu sein! by the power of love! Heiajaho! Grane! Hei-a-ya-ho! Grane! Griiss'deinen Herren! Greet your lord! Siegfried! Siegfried! Sieh! Siegfried! Siegfried! See! Selig griisst dich dein Weib! Your wife greets you joyfully!

(She swings herself onto the horse and makes it leap into the burning pyre. The Rhine overflows its bank in a mighty wave bearing the Rhine- daughters on its crest. At their appearance, Hagen is seized with alarm. Crying out "Away from the Ring!,"he plunges frenziedly into the flood. Woglinde and Wellgunde throw their arms around Hagen and draw him into the depths; Flosshilde holds up the recovered ring exultantly. The fire­ light grows in the heavens until the flames are seen to seize upon Valhalla itself and the gods, assembled there as described earlier by Waltraute.)

English translation by G. M. Holland; reprinted courtesy of Records, a Division of PolyGram Classics and Jazz, Inc. James Levine is artistic director of the Metropolitan Opera, the first in the company's history. He was appointed principal conductor in 1973, music director in 1976, and artistic director in 1986. During his tenure at the Met, he has inaugurated the Emmy Award-winning live opera performance series for television, guest artist recitals, and a unique program for the development of young singers. He has conducted more than sixty different at the Met, including the Metropolitan premieres of Berg's complete Lulu, Verdi's / Vespri Sicilian!, Weill's Rise and Fall of the City ofMahagonny, Stravinsky's Oedipus Rex, Gershwin's , Mozart's and La Clemenza di Tito, and Schoenberg's . During 1990-91 he conducted new productions of Un Ballo in Maschera, Die Zauberflote, and , as well as revivals of Don Giovanni, Porgy and Bess, La Clemenza di Tito, and . He also led the Gala Performance celebrating the 25th anniversaries of the Met debuts of , Alfredo Kraus, and . Next season at the Met he will conductthe world premiere performances of 's , a new production of Elektra, and revivals of Don Carlo, Don Giovanni, Die Entfiihrung aus dem Sera/7, Idomeneo, Le Nozze di Figaro, Parsifal, and Die Zauberflote. With the conclusion of the Met season, he is conducting the Met Orchestra in its first concert tour, with performances in Ann Arbor and Columbus, , prior to a concert in New York's with soloist Jessye Norman as a part of the hall's Centennial Celebration. During 1990-91, Mr. Levine also conducted New York's Music for Life benefit concert and is heard as in recital with soprano . On May 5, he and will conductthe at Carnegie Hall to celebrate the exact date of the hall's opening 100 years ago. In addition to his activities at the Metropolitan, James Levine is well known for his long-term relationships with three musical organizations: the , the , and the , summer home of the Symphony. Each season, Mr. Levine conducts the Berlin Philharmonic in several programs in Berlin; he has also led the orchestra at the Whitsun Festival in Salzburg, on tour in the in 1986, at the Lucerne Festival, and in their historic concert in East Berlin in 1989. In November 1990 his Berlin programs included Schumann's First Symphony and Cello Concerto, with American cellist in his Berlin Philharmonic debut, and in February 1991 he led masses by Mozart and Haydn (which were recorded live by ). Already available are Berlin Philharmonic recordings including Berlioz' Romeo etJuliette and Les Nuits d'ete, Haydn's Die Schb'pfung, and music by , Mozart, , Mendelssohn, Saint-Saens, Sibelius, Dvorak, Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern. Following his Berlin performances in November, he went to Dresden, where he conducted the Staatskapelle in music of Brahms, Webern, Dvorak, and Richard Strauss, and recorded Dvorak's Symphony No. 8 and Slavonic Dances, Op.46, with the Staatskapelle. Since his debut with the Vienna Philharmonic more than a decade ago, Mr. Levine has been one of the small number of conductors invited each yearto lead the orchestra in concerts on its limited subscription series in Vienna. He returned there in December 1990 to accompany Jessye Norman in recital and to complete recording all the Mozart symphonies. He also performs with the orchestra during the Vienna Festival and, annually since 1976, at the as well. During the summer of 1991, he will return to Salzburg to lead two performances of Beethoven's Missa Solemnis with the Vienna Philharmonic. These performances will be recorded live by Deutsche Grammophon (DG). At the same time, DG will release its recording of the complete Mozart symphonies, commemo­ rating the 200th anniversary of Mozart's death. This marks the Vienna Philharmonic's first recording of the complete cycle. Mr. Levine has recorded extensively with the Vienna Philharmonic, including recent performances of Smetana's Ma Wasfand Mozart's Mass in C minor, and Ravel's Daphnis and Chloe. He and have recorded the complete Mozart concerti with the orchestra, and Mr. Levine's recording of Ariadne aufNaxos with the Vienna Philharmonic was awarded a Grammy in 1987 for Best Opera Recording of the Year. His most recent recording with the orchestra, Mozart's Cos! fan tutte and late symphonies, were released in August 1990. Benefit Ticket Purchasers

Mr. and Mrs. Peter N. Heydon Judith Linton James K. Mansfield Mrs. Ruth Sizer Marshall Marnee and John DeVine Judith Matthews Dr. and Mrs. Richard D. Judge Sharon McAlister David W. McComb Cynthia McAuliffe James L and Ann S. Telfer Bridget McGillicuddy John B. and Ann F. Woodward Laura J. McTaggart Julie C. Meyer Joetta Mial Pedro and Carol Cuatrecasas James M. Miller Jeanine Doremus Victoria Morgenthaler Andrew J. Hopkins Roberta Morris Sun-Chien and Betty Hsiao Fernando Nieto James K. Jerome, D.D.S. John A. Nitz Herbert Katz Frank Okoh Robert King III Bernice M. Olszewski Roberta Lake Ronald C.O'Neill Leo A. Legatski Kathryn Paalman Dr. and Mrs. Francis Lenhart Willis Patterson James Levine Roberta Peterson Ira Lieberman Kay Randells Michael Ouzounian Patrice Romzick Steven D. Prahl Helen D. Rose Dr. and Mrs. James W. Reese Susan Sargent William and Katherine Ribbens Susan Carol Schneider Joel Seguine Mathilde A. Seider Edward Surovell and Natalie Lacy Young Seo, M.D. Cathy Wilson Matthew Shapiro Cynthia Wood Mrs. Pamela H. Shultz Nancy Wu MarySlantz Fay Smith Maryann Smith Sandra Altman Dr. and Mrs. Robert E. Speer Jim Anderson Ward H. Squires Michael Avsharian Mr. and Mrs. James E. Stephenson Professor and Mrs. J. Albert Bailey Mrs. John D. Stoner Mr. and Mrs. Anthony L Barclae John Strand Louisa Beaman Nina Swanson Robert Hunt Berry Mrs. C. K. White Caroline Blane Marilyn Whittaker Drs. Ellen and Dean Boal Dorothy Wilson Anna Marie Bolden Leslie and Tadataka Yamada Jean Bradley Maria Zuniga Mr. and Mrs. Addison Brown Dr. and Mrs. Donald Bryant Don Buerk Sarah K. Albright Roberta Campbell Virginia Alien Linda Chatters Mr. and Mrs. Richard Ament Donald Chown Marjane L. Baker Sandra S. Connellan Gail Davis Barnes Caroline K. Cram Joseph Barr Raymond Detter Chris Bastian Suzanne Devries Mary Ellen Bearden Ursula DeWitt Natalie Beylin Hannah Driedger Maurice and Linda Binkow Kersten Forsthoefel Katherine Blossom Mrs. Stefania E. Frank Dorothy Bonser Patricia Frick Martin Buchman Catherine Gabrion Dan Burdick Mr. and Mrs. Robert Gilbert Isaac Campbell Veronica M. Gregg Carroll Cannon William and Linda Harris Thela Caplis Mrs. Jeane Irwin Lois Chapman W.A.Jackson Yi Chen Kevin Kerber Constantino JaeS. Kirn NancyJ.Cressy Lai-Cheng Kong Anne J. Curtin Lucy H. Leist Dr. Francis M. and Shirley H. Daly Henry E. Dees Janine Meadows Byron Doneen Todd Mitsuda Michelle Doyle Elizabeth Morouse All Elmohammed Ronald K. Morrison Catherine Fischer Jetfry Netter Linval Fleetwood NgaT. Nguyen Carlos Flores Mr. and Mrs. Grant Odhner Susan Freel A. M. Pabin Frank M. Frierson Linda B. Penn Martha G. Froseth Lydia Peterson Steve Gao Kitty Pott Andrea Garen Sarah Potter Dennis Glocke Robert Pratt Leona Glossenger Henry J. Prebys Mrs. Rita Goll Dorothea Pullen LuisGomez Deanna Relyea James M. Hart Doug and Kathy Roberts April Hilger Florence Rochat Cheryl Hodges-Selden Barbara Roether Lila Hoist Tim L. Rosa Hortense B. Howard Alexander Roytman Beth and Timothy Hsu Walter Rzepka Simon Hug Jeanette Saquet Charles F. Hutchins Harry Sargous ErikJohnsson William M. Sawyer Carol Kaiden LoisSchlachter Lars-Ake Kail Edith Semark Marlyne Kilbey Martha J.Sheil Margo King MarySnyder Nancy Klein Elizabeth Spangler Kent Kleinman Daniel Stevenson Harold and Claire Korn Maria Swall-Yarrington Kenneth Kroesche Mr. and Mrs. Marcel Thirman Mr. and Mrs. George H. Kuper Bruce Thorn William Lambert Mark Vandenberg Dorothy Langhart Daniel Visger Gloria L Larkin Robert D. and Linda M. Wallin Joan and Ralph Lehner Ami Walsh James MacArthur LoisElaine Watson Robert MacGregor Charles Weaver Carolyn M. Mawby Carol Wischmeyer MaryE. D. McConville Larry Alien Wolf Frank McCoy and Rosanne Jones Donna Young Joan McKee

List compiled as of April 25,1991. Since 1973, James Levine has been music director of Chicago's Ravinia Festival, where he leads the Chicago Symphony each summer in about a dozen programs and appears as pianist in concert!, , and vocal recitals. He records regularly with the orchestra, most recently music of twentieth-century American composers (Cage, Carter, Schuller, and Gershwin, among others); Bartok's Concerto for Orchestra and Music for Strings, Percussion and Celeste; Hoist's The Planets; the cello concert! of Edouard Lalo and Camilla Saint-Saens with Matt Haimovitz; and the five Beethoven concert!, recorded live in concert with . Mr. Levine had the honor of conducting the centennial production of Parsifal at the from 1982 to 1988; a live recording made in 1985 is available on Philips Records. He returned to Bayreuth in 1989 and 1990 to conduct Parsifal in a new production by Wolfgang Wagner and returns there in 1991 for the same work. It was also recently announced that he and director , director of Berlin's Schiller Theater, will present a new production of Wagner's Ring des Nibelungen at Bayreuth in 1994. Mr. Levine's numerous recordings as a pianist include recitals with , Jessye Norman, , Matt Haimovitz, and ; Schubert's with ; and chamber music of Schubert, Poulenc, Beethoven, and Mozart, with principal players of the Vienna and Berlin Philharmonics. Among his recordings with the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra are Schoenberg's Erwartung and Mozart's Le Nozze di Figaro (both forthcoming), Verdi's , Donizetti's L'Elisird'Amore, and Wagner's complete "Ring" Cycle. (Das Rheingoldand Die WalkiJre, winners of consecutive Grammy Awards in 1989 and 1990 for Best Opera Recording, have already been released, and Siegfried and Gotterdammerung will be released in the fall of 1991.) Mr. Levine is featured as conductor of the Vienna Philharmonic and Chorus in Jean-Pierre Ponnelle's film of Mozart's La Clemenza di Tito, the Vienna Symphony Orchestra in Ponnelle's film of Placido Domingo in Hommage a Sevilla, and the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra and Chorus in 's film of Verdi's La Traviata.M\ are available on compact disc video, as are fifteen live performances from the Metropolitan Opera. (Soon to be released by DG Video are telecasts of Aida and Wagner's "Ring.") James Levine is a recipient of the key to his native city of and the Smetana Medal, presented by the Cultural Minister of , and he received the first Cultural Award of the City of New York. He was the subject of a Time Magazine cover story in 1983, and was named Musician of the Year by in 1984. He has lectured at The , Sarah Lawrence, Yale, and Harvard. He was the subject of a full-length film documentary that was telecast in the United States on PBS. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1943, James Levine made his debut as piano soloist with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra at the age often, at which time he also began intensive studies in and interpretation with , first violinist of the LaSalle Quartet. He attended The Juilliard School, where he completed the undergraduate requirements in one year and stayed on to study piano with Rosina Lhevinne and conducting with Jean Morel. At the invitation of , he left Juilliard to join the conducting staff of The -at 21, the youngest assistant conductor in the orchestra's history. He made his Metropolitan Opera debut conducting on June 5,1971.

Mr. Levine now makes his Ann Arbor debut. Jessye Norman is one of the most celebrated artists of ourtime, regularly performing with the world's most prestigious orchestras and opera companies, and in recital in the major music centers around the globe. In September 1990, Miss Norman opened the Chicago Lyric Opera's season in Robert Wilson's critically acclaimed production of Gluck's Alceste, and in December she appeared at the Tchaikovsky 150th Anniversary Gala in Leningrad. She also presented a special Christmas concert at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris, which will be televised in the United States next December. In spring 1991, Miss Norman sang her first Kundry in a new production of Wagner's Parsifal, and this month, returns to Carnegie Hall to participate in both its 100th Anniversary Gala and the first orchestral concert given there by the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra and James Levine. In the spring of 1990, Miss Norman joined Kathleen Battle, James Levine, and members of the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra and Chorus in a Spirituals Gala at Carnegie Hall. She also returned to the Metropolitan Opera as Sieglinde in Wagner's Die Walkiire. The pro­ duction, filmed as part of the company's complete "Ring" cycle, was telecast in June 1990 on PBS. In the last year, Jessye Norman has appeared with the Philharmonic, the London Philharmonic, the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, the Leningrad Philharmonic, I'Orchestre de I'Opera de Lyon, and the Montreal Symphony. She has also appeared in recital at Avery Fisher Hall, Boston's Symphony Hall, the Salle Pleyel in Paris, the Salzburg Festival, the Granada Festival (Spain), Roy Thomson Hall in Toronto, Carnegie Hall, the Kennedy Center in Washington, and the Vienna State Opera. Miss Norman's upcoming summer season includes recitals in Dublin, Birmingham (England), Paris and Toulouse; orchestral concerts in London, Amsterdam, and Oslo, and appearances attheTanglewood, Pollensa (Spain), Schleswig-Holstein, Nice (France), Ludwigsburg, Salzburg, Helsinki, Lucerne, and Edinburgh Music Festivals. In fall 1991, she opens the seasons of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Toronto, Utah, and Symphonies, and performs with the London Symphony Orchestra as part of a series of musical events in London celebrating the 700th anniversary of the Confederation of Switzerland. Recitals in Pittsburgh, Aiken (at the University of South Carolina), New Haven, Brussels, Amsterdam, and Vienna round out the year. Born in Augusta, Georgia, Jessye Norman began her professional career as a member of the Deutsche Oper Berlin, making her operatic debut in December 1969 as Elisabeth in Tannhauser.Vne music world was quick to recognize her extraordinary talent and showered her with countless invitations for concert, recital, and television appearances. Miss Norman toured extensively in the 1970s, performing throughout the United States, South America, Australia, Canada, and Europe. This led to further invitations and regular appearances at various festivals, including , Ravinia, Edinburgh, Flanders, Aix-en-Provence, and Salzburg. Jessye Norman has sung a widely varied opera repertoire at , Milan; Teatro Comunale, Florence; the , Covent Garden; the Vienna State Opera, the , the Stuttgart Opera, the Festival at Aix-en-Provence, and the Opera. Her Metropolitan Opera debut in Berlioz' (in which she sang the roles of both and Cassandra) opened the Metropolitan's 100th anniversary season in 1983. Atthe Met, her roles have included Jocasta in Stravinsky's Oedipus Rex, Madame Lidoine in Poulenc's Dialogues of the Carmelites, Elisabeth in Wagner's Tannhauser, and the title role in Richard Strauss' Ariadne aufNaxos. During 1988-89, she made company history appearing in the Metropolitan's first presentation of a one-character opera, Schoenberg's Envartung, paired with Bartok's Bluebeard's Castle, with Miss Norman as Judith, and telecast on PBS' "Live from the Met." The season also included her first Metropolitan Opera Sieglinde in Wagner's Die Walkiire as part of the company's complete "Ring" cycle. In addition to her "Live from the Met" and "Live from " appearances, Miss Norman is known to television audiences worldwide for the 1987 special Christmastide (a Thames Television and PBS joint production) and for the film Jessye Norman Sings Carmen, a documentary chronicling her recording the Bizet opera, released in 1990. Millions saw her sing the "Marseillaise" at the spectacular Bastille Day festivities celebrating the 200th anniversary of the French Revolution, a performance telecast throughout the world in July 1989. One of the most distinguished and prolific recording artists of our day, Jessye Norman's discography has won numerous awards, including the Paris Grand Prix National du Disqueior albums of lieder by Wagner, Schumann, Mahler, and Schubert. She has also received the prestigious Gramophone Award in London for her outstanding interpretation of Strauss' Four Last Songs, the Edison Prize in Amsterdam, and recording prizes in Belgium, Spain, and Germany. In the United States, Miss Norman won a Grammy Award as Best Classical Vocalist for Songs of . Apart from her long-standing association with Philips (which most recently released her Fidelio), Miss Norman has recorded for Angel, EMI, CBS Masterworks, Decca, DG, and Erato. Miss Norman has been presented many prestigious awards and distinctions, including honorary doctor of music degrees fron Howard University, the University of Michigan, the Boston Conservatory, the University of the South (Sewanee), Brandeis University, Harvard University, Cambridge University, the American University of Paris, The Juilliard School, Yale University, Western New England College, Kenyon College, for Social Research (), and La Salle University (Quebec). She was also a recipient of the 1990 Albert Einstein College of Medicine Annual Achievement Award. In 1984, the French Government invested Miss Norman with the title "Commandeur de I'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres." Also in 1984, the National Museum of Natural History in Paris honored her by naming an orchid for her. In November 1987, she became an Honorary Member of the in London. She is also an Honorary Fellow of Pierson College, Yale University, and Jesus and Newnham Colleges, Cambridge University. In October 1989, she was awarded the Legion of Honour by French President Mitterand, and in June 1990 she was named Honorary Ambassador to the United Nations by U.N. Secretary Xavier Perezde Cuellar. Jessye Norman's teachers have included Carolyn Grant at Howard University in Washington, D.C., Alice Duschak at 's Peabody Conservatory, and Pierre Bernac and Elizabeth Mannion at the University of Michigan. This evening's concert marks Jessye Norman's sixth appearance under University Musical Society auspices. She participated in the May Festivals of 1973 and 1989, a special benefit concert in 1978, and gave recitals in 1974 and 1986. The Metropolitan Opera Orchestra is today regarded as one of the world's finest orchestras. From the time of the company's inception in 1883, the ensemble has worked with leading conductors both in opera and concert performances and has developed into an orchestra of enormous technical polish and style. The Met Orchestra maintains a demanding schedule of performances and rehearsals during the thirty-week New York season, when the company performs seven times a week in a repertory that normally encompasses approximately twenty-five operas. Following the New York season, there are frequently tours, both in the United States an abroad, which in turn, are followed by a three-week series of free concert opera performances in the parks of New York City, Nassau County and New Jersey. The Orchestra has a distinguished history of performances as a concert orchestra, in addition to its opera schedule. made his American debut as a symphonic conductor with the Met Orchestra in 1913, and also went on to conduct almost 500 opera performances at the Met Gustav Mahler, during the few years he was in New York, conducted fifty-four Met performances. More recently, many of the world's greatest conductors have led the orchestra: Walter, Beecham, Reiner, Mitropoulos, Kempe, Szell, Bb'hm, Solti, Maazel, Bernstein, Mehta, Abbado, Karajan, Dohnanyi, Haitink, and Tennstedt. 's only United States performances have been with the Met Orchestra. The impressive list of instrumental soloists who have appeared with the Orchestra includes Efrem Zimbalist, Leopold Godowsky, , Josef Lhevinne, , , Benno Moiseiwitsch, Josef Hofmann, , , Wilhelm Backhaus, Moritz Rosenthal, and . During the Metropolitan's 1980-1981 season, the Met's artistic director, James Levine, conducted the orchestra in two performances of Mahler's Second Symphony. The Orchestra's current high standing led to its first commercial recordings in nearly 20 years, Die WalkiJre and , conducted by James Levine (the first two installments of a complete "Ring" cycle for Deutsche Grammophon), which won consecutive Grammy Awards in 1989 and 1990 for Best Opera Recording. Siegfried and Gotterdammerung will be released in the fall of 1991. Now in great demand for recording, Maestro Levine and the Met Orchestra are involved with a series of complete operas for DG, as well as Sony Classical and Philips. Recent recordings by the Orchestra, conducted by Maestro Levine, also include Schoenberg's Erwartung and Mozart's Le Nozze di Figaro (both forthcoming), Verdi's Aida (just released by Sony Classical), and Donizetti's L'Elisir d'Amore.

Metropolitan Opera House, Lincoln Center James Levine Robert Sirinek Tom Brennand Scott Stevens Artistic Director Personnel Manager Assistant Personnel Manager Assistant Personnel Manager

Violins Double Basses Wagner Tubas Violas Raymond Gniewek Laurence Glazener Richard Reisseg Deborah Holtz Concertmaster Principal Leader John J. Kella Elmira Darvarova Timothy Cobb E. Scott Brubaker Elis Ronbeck Concertmaster Associate Principal Leon Kuntz Laura Hamilton Jesse Teiko Lawrence Wechsler Cellos Associate Concertmaster MarvinTopolsky Judith Currier Edmund Jacobsen Tom Brennand Trumpets David Heiss Associate Concertmaster Jeremy McCoy Melvyn Broiles Jacqueline Mullen Nancy Wu Louis Kosma Principal Associate Concertmaster MarkGould Double Basses Judith Yanchus Flutes Principal Jacqui Danilow Vladimir Baranov Trudy Kane Lynn Berman Charles Urbont Ivey Bernhardt Principal Waynedu Maine* Sandor Bahnt Michael Parloff James Pandolfi Flute Doris Alien Principal Karen Griffen Samuel Cohen Mary Ann Archer Trumpet Kathryn Caswell Canonico Nadine Asin David Ritt Oboe Erica Miner Sharon Meekins Seymour Wakschal Piccolos Trombones Vincent Greicius Nadine Asin Per Brevig Principal Leslie Oreyer Mary Ann Archer Mitchell Weiss Associate Principal David Langlitz Principal Raphael Feinstein Oboes Bassoons Associate Principal Elaine Douvas Douglas Edelman Richard Vrotney Associate Principal Toni Rapport Principal BernadetteZirkuli ShirienTaylor John Ferrillo Hal Janks Jean Claude Velin Principal Steve Norrell Trumpets Richard Elias Linda Strommen" Douglas Hedwig Magdalena Golczewski Richard Nass Tuba Frank Hosticka Laura IVIcGinnis Herbert Wekselblatt James Stubbs Joseph Malfitano Roger Hiller Timpani Trombones Violas Principal Richard Horowitz Early Anderson Principal Michael Ouzounian Joseph Rabbai David A. Tltcomb Principal Principal Duncan Patton Principal Craig Mumm SeanOsborn Tuba Principal James Ognibene Scott Stevens Stephen M.Johns Caroline Levine Assistant Principal Bassoons Percussion Percussion Marilyn Stroh Richard Hebert Herbert Baker Charles F. Barbour Principal MidhatSerbagi Principal Lynn R. Bernhardt Desiree Elsevier Patricia Rogers Scott Stevens Rafael Guzman Principal Vincent Lionti Principal Benjamin Harms IraWeller Paul Cammarota Gregory Zuber Toni Lipton Celeste Cellos Harps Cecilia Brauer Jascha Silberstein Contrabassoon Deborah Hoffman Principal Toni Lipton Principal Harp Jerry Grossman Marie-Pierre Langlamet Susan Joiles Principal Horns Associate Principal Gerald Kagan Howard!. Howard Guitar/Lute Assistant Principal Principal Associate Musicians Fred Hand Marian Heller Julie Landsman LeshekZavistovski Principal *New Artist James Kreger E. Scott Brubaker LeszekBarnat Philip Cherry Richard Reissig Browning Cramer Richard Kay Lawrence Wechsler Shem Guibbory Michelle Baker* Lesley Heller Joseph Anderer Ira Lieberman Carmelo Barranco Arthur Shtilman Leon Kuntz William Stone Frederic Weber Narciso Figueroa Annamae Goldstein Jin-Kyung Koo Patmore Lewis Metropolitan Opera Association, Inc.

Joseph Volpe James Levine Marilyn Shapiro General Director Artistic Director Executive Director/External Affairs

Administration

Robert Sirinek Charles Bonheur Stephen A. Diaz Operations Director Production Coordinator Tour Carpenter

Stewart Pearce Raymond Menard James Blumenfeld Planning and Operations Administrator Stage Director Tour Property Master

Jonathan Friend Stephen Diaz James Connolly Artistic Administrator Master Carpenter Tour Electrician

John Grande Sander Hacker Frank Kamenar Chief Librarian Master Electrician Director of Finance

Joseph Clark Edward McConway David M. Rueben Technical Director Properties Master Director of Press and Public Relations

Special thanks to Ford Motor Company, Ford Credit, and Ford Audio for the help and support they gave to make this concert a success. The attendance of many area students and music critics was made possible through their generous support. In addition, thank you to Northwest Airlines for the donated travel assistance to national music writers.

Your benevolent support is greatly appreciated.

Special Benefit Concert Volunteers

Gigi Andresen Chuck Hills Suzanne Schroeder Tim Andresen Jo Howe Mary Sexton ShirleyAndress Marilyn Jeffs Helen Siedel Milli Baranowski Mary Kahn Alida Silverman Wilma Steketee-Bean Lynn Luckenbach CarlSchmult Linda Bennett Arthur Lanski Katie Stebbins Alice Benson Mae Lanski Catherine Steffek Carl Binder Charlotte McGeoch Al Uhle Polly Binder Eva Mueller Janet Vincze Sue Bonfield Yo Nagamatsu Beth Wells Marilyn Buss Joan Olsen Stan Wells Florence Crane Connie Osier Mary White Ellie Davidson Betty Overberger Marion Wightman Dorothy Haake Helen Radock Anne Woodward George Haines Agnes Reading Shelly Williams Margo Halsted Betty Reinhart LizYhouse Esther Heitler Ann Schriber Benefit Ticket Purchasers

Mr. & Mrs. Donald C. May, Jr. Dr. & Mrs. Richard R. Galpin Richard S Dixie Woods Richard C. McBrien Christopher Galus StanSPrisWoollams Catherine S. Arcure Mrs. DoresM. McCree Sid Gilman & Carol G. Barbour Dr. SMrs. Harold Wright Aristoplay, Ltd., Rebecca McGowanS Sara S. Goburdhun Paul S Elizabeth Yhouse Jan Barney Newman Michael B.Staebler James B. Griswold Mr. & Mrs. Johnny W. Barfield Dr. & Mrs. Theodore Meadows Henry M. Grix David &Lynn Engelbert Mr. & Mrs. Milton J. Miller Harlan S Anne Hatcher Ken & Penny Fischer Grant Moore Kenneth & Jeanne Heininger Diane Abel Harold & Anne Haugh Mr. & Mrs. Charles Overberger Sandra L Higgins Harriet Adams Mr. & Mrs. Roger Maugh Dory & John Paul Louise Hodgson Martha Agnew Charlotte McGeoch Pepper, Hamilton & Scheetz Mr. S Mrs. Zoltan L. Horvath Loviah Aldinger Mrs. William Palmer Shirley J.Phelps Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Howe Warren S. Alien Richard & Susan Rogel Mr. & Mrs. William J. Pierce Theresa Hsu Mr. & Mrs. Wickham Alien Mr. & Mrs. John C. Stegeman Philip& Kathleen Power Mrs.V. C. Hubbs Forrest Alter Marina & Robert Whitman Jeffrey Michael Powers Mr. S Mrs. David D. Hunting, Jr. Mrs. Roger Andersen Anonymous Beauty Spa EmilH.SNorma R. Jebe Mary C. Arbour Michael & Helen Radock Anthony Kaldellis Jill B. S Thomas J. Mr. & Mrs. GailW. Rector Mr. S Mrs. Norman A. Katz Archambeau, M.D. Mr. & Mrs. Charles H. Rubin Mary L. Kemme Eleanore M. Arnison Dr. & Mrs. Robert G. Aldrich Kathryn Schroeder Rita Barbour Kern Charles F. Averill Joan & David Anderson Dr. SMrs. J. N. Shanberge Hermine R. Klingler Charles H. Aymond Susan Bay Richard J. Shew Marybeth Koeze Ira Azula G.Richard Bodkins Herbert Sloan Alexander Krezel Charlene A. Babcock Ernie & Betsy Brater Allan& Alene Smith William G. Kring Donald C. Barnette, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Carl A. Brauer, Jr. Carol & Irving Smokier Daniel E. S Susan S. Lipschutz Robert A. Barnhart Alien & Veronica Britton Elizabeth L. Stranahan Lynn Malley Gary W. Baron Susan S. & Wesley M. Brown Maya SavarinoS Roberts Nancy Martelli Mr. SMrs. Robert Beebe Patricia Butte Raymond Tanter Mr. H. Massey Elaine A. Bennett Letitia J. Byrd Donald & Wendy Urquhart Larry S Rowena Matthews William R. Betcher, Jr. Jean W. Campbell Ralph Gerson & Erica Ward Caralee A. Mayer Bonnie Bittman David Chivas Warner-Lambert/Parke-Davis PaulR. McKenney Gertrude B. Black Mr. & Mrs. David S. Clyde Dr. & Mrs. Andrew S. Watson Marjorie McKinley Professor H. Harlan Bloomer Leon & Heidi Cohan Emil Weddige Howard Miley Clyde Boenke Phil Cole B. Josephs Mary White Saul Nosanchuk Catherine I. Bolton Alfred & Georgia Conard Dr. SMrs. S. B. Winslow William & Joan Olsen Margo Bosker H. Richard & Florence Crane PhyllisWright Patsy C. Peterson Diane Bow John H. D'Arms Martin S Nancy Zimmerman L. M. Pickering William Brashear Dr. &Mrs. Preston V.Dilts, Jr. Roy & Winnifred Pierce Professor & Mrs. Dale E. Briggs William T. Dobson & Maxine & Wilbur K. Pierpont Dr. SMrs. William D. Briggs Mary H. Dobson Mrs. Dorothy M. Price Helen L Brokaw Raymond Dornbusch Ann Arbor Chamber of WilliamS Christine Price Joyce Brown Rhetaugh G. Dumas Commerce Leland & Elizabeth Quackenbush Michelle A. Brown Mr. S Mrs. John R. Edman Dr. SMrs. Richard J. Alien Hugo & Sharon Quiroz Tiffany Browning Mr. & Mrs. Marvin Esch Herb & Carol Amster Mrs. Joseph S. Radom Dr. SMrs. Donald Bryant Mr. & Mrs. Thomas C. Evans Dr. S Mrs. Alberto Angustia Mr. S Mrs. Richard W. Redman Mrs. Marguerite E. Bulgrin Mr. & Mrs. Robben Fleming Barbaras Daniel Balbach H. Robert Reynolds Mrs. Theodore Cage Anne & James Ford Frederick W. Becker Constance Rinehart H. D. Cameron Dale & Marilyn Fosdick Ralph Beebe Patrick Rode Josephine D. Casgrain Dr. S Mrs. David Noel Freedman Peter J. Bonde Betsey Rosenberger Ms. Elizabeth Cavanaugh William & Ruth Gilkey Charles S Linda Borgsdorf Daria A. Rothe Mrs. Ida Chapin Dr. S Mrs. Lazar J. Greenfield Bonnie Broughton Drs. Monica S David Mr. & Mrs. Raymond S. Chase Meg W. Harrison Dr. & Mrs. Albert C.Cain Schteingart Chelsea Community Hospital Walter & Dianne Harrison Dr. S Mrs. George Chatas Joel Seguine Christina Clark Mr. & Mrs. John Hornyak Margaret Coggins Richard S Susan Shackson Shirley A. Coe Drs. Linda SamuelsonS Blanche Cohen Neil S Burnette Staebler Barbara Coleman Joel Howell Constance S James W. Cook Julie S Charles Steedman John S Penelope Collins Perry Elizabeth Irish Mary K. Cordes Dr. Richard Stewart Mrs. Barbara Comai Stuart A. Isaac Merle & Mary Ann Crawford Richard SL June Swartz Conlin Faber Travel M. L Ivey James E. Crooks Roman Szporluk Kayla Connrad Lincoln Jaros JacquelineZ. Davis Dr. Gregory M.Thomas Susan Contratto Mr. & Mrs. Richard Kaufman Benning S Elizabeth Dexter Anne Parley Tjaden Herbert Couf Thomas E. & Shirley Y. Kauper Ruth A. Dixon Paul S Barbara Trudgen Dr. MaryC. Crichton David & Sally Kennedy Mary E. Dood Robert P. S Barbara F. Van Ess Audrey S Edward Curtis Robert & Gloria Kerry Katsu-Kiko Eguchi Edward J. Vanderlaan Sandra S Sheldon Danziger Dr. David E. Klein & Heidi Gerald E. Faye Martha Wallaces Dr. S Mrs. Leonard E. Davis Castleman Dr. S Mrs. Mark Fettman Dennis White Lois Dean Stan Kleinstein First of America Bank Shirley Westveer Jenna Didier Olya K. Lash Jane Forbes Janet F. White George Dodson Vi-Cheng&Hsi-YenLiu Courtney Myrow Freedman Shelly F.Williams Hilde S Raymond Donaldson AlanSCarla Mandel Harriets Daniel Fusfeld Dr. Grant J.Withey Lois Dorfman Nancy Griffin DuBois Donald Hupe Satoshi Oyamada Chris & Deborah VandenBroek Ivan & Betty Anne Duff Gretchen & John Jackson Haruko Ozeki AnnaVaughan Darrell F. Duffield Mr. & Mrs. Martin D.Jaffe Arthur Parris Rebecca Vernon Rebecca Dunkle Erich Jensen Ruth & Joe Payne Virginia Wait Barton Dunning ChaconaJohnson Norman Phaneuf Linda Walker Dr. Alan S. Eiser E. L.Johnson Dr. Bertram Pitt Margaret E.Walter Paul E. Ewing Elizabeth Johnson Donald & Maureen Power Kristine & Donald Warren Mr. & Mrs. Jerry Farmer Gary Keith Johnson, M.D. C. Malcolm Powers Larry Weis Terry Feetham James A. Johnston, Inc. Richard L Prager, M.D. ThelmaL Wells Dr. Jose A. Filis-Diaz Barbara A. Jones Ruth S. Putnam Russell Wenzel Mr. & Mrs. Douglas Finton Kaya Kawano Steve & Ellen Ramsburgh Mr. & Mrs. Scott Westerman Mr. & Mrs. Gerald B. Fischer Hiroki Kawata William H. Range Rebecca S. Whitehouse Mrs. Gerald J. Fischer Wendy Scott Keeney Hubert Rast Jeanne L.Williams Mr. & Mrs. M. Scott Fisher Kristen Kleiman Anthony L. Reffells Mrs. Elizabeth Wilson Carol E. Files Dr. David Kleis Pauline Reisner Charlotte Wolfe Mary A. Flynn, M.D. Mr. & Mrs. Arnold Kluge Mary K. Riley Frank E.Wolk Mr. & Mrs. Howard P. Fox GlennS Shirley Knudsvig Peter Roberts & Shirley Casebolt Susan Wooding Stephanie Freiling Robert L. Kyes Mr. & Mrs. Stephen J. Rogers Charles R. & Jean L. Wright Gail Frames Mr. & Mrs. Timothy Larsen Thomas Rogge Mayumi Yamamoto Rebecca Gaffney Robert & Leslie Lazzerin Robert Rohlfing Mr. & Mrs. A. Michael Young Mr. & Mrs. Robert R. Gamble Richard LeSueur Karin Roncoli Donna Zajonc Management Dr. Alberta Garbaccio William L. Libby, Jr. Elva Rosenzweig Calvin Zara Professor & Mrs. David M. Gates James Lichon Mrs. Bernard J. Rowan Mr. & Mrs. Bruce Zellers Beverly&GersonGeltner Richard Lieb Kelley Rubelman Susan Zerweck Leonore B. Gerstein Clifford P. Lillya Dianne Rubin Elida F. Giles Mr. & Mrs. David Lodwick Grace Ruggles Kenneth Giles KayD.Loftus Samuel & Irene Rupert Mrs. Sidney F.Giles Rebecca & Lawrence Lohr T. W. Rutter Brian H.Aaron Alvin Gillard Mr. & Mrs. E. Daniel Long Marily M. Sampson Claudia J.Alexander James L Godek Dr. Demos Lorandos Miriam & Fred Samson Michael Angell Mrs. William C. Grabb Krystyna J. Loren Gary Schellhase PaulAnid Dr. & Mrs. Leslie M. Green Lovejoy-Tiffany Travel Dr. & Mrs. David Schottenfeld Dan Au Bob SLila Green Sara MacBride Steven Scuderi WayneS Rachel Baer Louise & Bill Gregory Ruth MacRae Dr. Robert Selman Traci Bahlman WernerH.Grilk Reverend & Mrs. Philip Mary M. Sexton Alfred T. Bamsey David Grossman Rodgers Magee Ron Shields Beata Barci Diane M. Gunn MarkMahlberg George & Helen Siedel Rosalie Bargmann Allison Hale Gerald Masters Robert J. Sillery, M.D. & Family MaxBauder Dr. Luther G. Huddle, Jr. Mrs. Elsie F. Mayer Donald & Susan Sinta Mrs. Gilbert Baur Carlos D. Hansen Mr. Ernst H. & Mrs. Jan B. & Irma J. Sklenar Frances M. Beckley Mr. & Mrs. Phillip F. Hanson Annemarie L. Mayer Burt Smith Neal T.Bedford Mrs. Maureen M. Harding Michel Mazond Mr. & Mrs. Paul A. Snearline Carlotta Beebe Mikio Hataeda Greg Mazure Dr. & Mrs. Rodolfo Son Don & Sue Bialostosky LucyK. Hayden John McCarthy E. Lloyd & Theodore J. St Antoine Gayle Birdsong William F. Hayden Roslyn McClendon Phoebe Stanzler HenrikBodenstab Paul Haynes James Mclntosh & Elaine Joan L. Stapleton Sophie Bogdan & Gary Shrum Forrest Heminger Gazda Robert J. Starring Carolyn Bokrivchak Steven Hendel Ron McMaster Mrs. Ralph Steffek Patrick Brennen & Mr. & Mrs. James Henderson John D. McVay Mr. & Mrs. Charles Steiner Michael Higgins Norma & Richard Henderson Dr. & Mrs. Theodore Meadows Mrs. Rebecca Stengle Robert R. Brewster JohnL. Henkel& Martha &DadyMehta Marilyn D.Stephens Dr. Joachim Bruhn Jacqueline Stearns Robert L. Merliss Sue Stindt Verena Brunner Debbie & Norman Herbert Laura M. Merrihew VictorS Marlene Stoeffler Joan C. Bunker Howard Hintze Saunders & Shirley Midyette Mr. & Mrs. Louis J. Stout Marjorie H. Burnell Wilma Hoch A. S. Mignery & Phyllis Mignery Roger Stutesman Thomas E. Butts Paul Hockstad Professor & Mrs. Douglas Miller Mr. & Mrs. Patrick Suchy Reverend Roland Calvert, OSFS Ernest Holland Russell L. Miller Mr. & Mrs. John Sweeny Daniel T. CarrollS MargaretB. Holloway Mr. & Mrs. William Moeller Howard Tejchma Julie A. C.Virgo Arnold Holm Mr. & Mrs. John Morrison Christopher Martin Thomas Judith Ann Celovsky Eugene & Joan Homeister Wilbur Moulton Mr. & Mrs. William Thomas Dr. Virginia Chambers JohnT. Hooper Dr. & Mrs. Bernhard Muller Mr. & Mrs. James W. Thomson Wah Keung Chan Antonina C. Hopping Dorothy V. Mummery JohnTighe Mr. & Mrs. Tsun Chang Dr. Nancy Houk Nadine F. Nelson Tisch Incorporated Mrs. Lubomyra Chapelsky Raburn L. Howland & Anne Nieshoff Marjorie M.Tompkins Ruth Chen Katherine E. Kurtz Shirley & Martin L Norton Egons Tons Althea Cherry Margaret Huck O'Neal Construction, Inc. Richard Trytten Dianne J. Christopherson Megan Huck JaeW. Oh William H.&Gerilyn K.Turner Joseph Cislo Nancy Huck Keith T.OIdharn Dr. & Mrs. John F. Ullrich J.Alan Clark Eileen Huntzicker Nels&Mary Olson Jack & Marilyn van der Velde Pamela Cone Thomas P. & Kathryn Huntzicker Dr. David G. Ostrow Lia & Bram Van Leer Mr. & Mrs. Charles 0. Conrad Miriam Imerman Elizabeth B. Mustard Brigitte Stephens Quintina Corteza Lawrence L. Irwin Edurne Navarro-Varona Dr. Martha Stephens David Crowe Gordon Jackson Toshio Negami Bradley Stevens Dr. Robert M. Cutler Lincoln Jaros Mr. & Mrs. James K. Newton Ray E. Stevens Dr. Laning Davidson Dominic M. Justewicz Virginia Newton Scott S. Stevens Sarah DeFerranti Mr. & Mrs. Constant Kaczmarek Joan Niehoff John Sudijono Susan Delonis George Kalis Laura Nitzberg Sune Svendsen Ruth A. Dixon Reverend & Mrs. Philemon Jay Nordlinger Lee-Anne Swanson Daniel Doheny Karamanos Yumie Ogiwara Ronald Swedlund GaryJ.DoIce Janice R. Kavanaugh Robert L.Oppelt Mr. & Mrs. John E. Swigart Robert Douglass Heidi Kennel Mrs. Patricia Patrick TakanobuTakehara Susan Edelman Jae Hong Kirn Richard C. Patterson Carolyn Thibideau FaisalY. El Awar D. F. Kiplinger William R. Paulson Tracy D. Thorne Peter Elliott Laurence Kirchmeier P. 0. Phan Luan Troxel Mr. & Mrs. William Evans Edward L. Klarman Susan Pierson Mrs. Eugenia Vachuika Florian Dr. Samuel Klein Nathalie Pighetti Mildred I. Van Matre Nancy B. Feindt Sue Knapp Mr. & Mrs. John E. Preston Joanna Van Raaphorst Andrew Fisher Mr. & Mrs. Ted Krauss Dr. Alien D. Price Tom Van'tHof Rochelle Fleming Christopher J. Kresge Maxwell & Marjorie Reade Lisa S. Vaughn Roderick Fraser Beth Ann Krynicki Joseph Reaume Maureen Wall Sue Frederick Yumi Kuroda Reverend Charles Ritter Monique Wallag-Muno Mrs. Marta Freudenbert L&S Music William & Lori Rothstein Xiaohan Wang Kathleen L Gapa Mr. & Mrs. Maurice I. Laney Shelly Rouse C. R.Wartell Larissa Gleason Carolyn Leutwiler AnnMarie Ryan Edward C.Weber Marilyn Goldsby David Lillico Edmund R. Samborski Robert 0. & Darragh H. Weisman Dr. & Mrs. Luis A. Gonzalez Lin Mei-Ling Emilie Sargent Carlos Weiss Ann Green Elisa A. Litvin Sy & Miriam Schaafsma Tom & Janice M. Weisz Mary Newman Green Mr. & Mrs. Carl J. Lutkehaus, Jr. Kurt Schmidt Helen Welling Miriam J. Green Donald T. MacKinnon Richard Schmidt Carol F. Westerman Mr. & Mrs. Walter R. Gross Amy Mapes Jean B. Schneider Joanne Westrick Klaus Gump Alfred Martin Sue Schroeder Michael Whitcombe Carolyn Haack Clarita Mays Aba Schwartz Barbara J.Williams Mr. & Mrs. Howard Haarer Margaret & Edward McAree Anne Scott Mr. & Mrs. David Park Williams Jennifer Hagemeyer Jay McCarthy Ruth Searles Edwyn Williams Gary Hann Wesley W. Measel Mr. & Mrs. Maurice Sheppard James E.Williams Donald C. Hartmann Carlos R. Menendez Dr. Steve Silverstein Mr. & Mrs. M. Eugene Williams Clarence Heerema Gordon R. Metzger Jeffrey Simmons Mr. & Mrs. Ralph G. Williams Donald A. Henig James R. Meyer Michael J. Simsik David Wilson Mr. & Mrs. William Hennessey Mildred J. Miller Joan W. Smalley Lois Wilson Alfred 0. Hero Brian Moll Judy Smiley Heather Wirrick Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Hill Rose Monitz C. Robert Snyder Andrew R. Wise Nozomu Hiraiwa Matthew Moore RalfSpatzier Julia Woodbury Dr. Theodore G. Hoffman Beatrice G. Morgan Clementine Spring Debbie Yarsike Lisa Holm Shannon M. Morse Jeff Sguire Sandra Zelinger Christina Marie Hornbach Myron Moss Mary Louise Starks, Ph.D. MarijaneZeller Richard Housman Marcel Muller Virginia Starr Peter Zubulake Virginia E. Hunt Lucille Murphy Beverly Steiner

List compiled as of March 29,1991. University Musical Society

1991 May Festival

The Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra Kurt Masur Conductor

May 1-4,1991 8:00 p.m. Hill Auditorium

Midori violinist Christian Funke violinist JurnjakobTimm cellist Elisabeth Leonskaja pianist Claudine Carlson mezzo-soprano

The Festival Chorus Thomas Hilbish director

1991-92 Concert Season

The Choral Union Series The Chamber Arts Series The Choice Series

Orpheus Chamber Orchestra with Guarneri String Quartet , violist Company

National Symphony Orchestra and Kazuhito Yamashita and The Canadian Brass Arleen Auger Michala Petri Messiah Oslo Philharmonic and Borodin String Quartet Frank Peter Zimmermann, violinist The King's Singers Consort of Musicke Yo-Yo Ma and Mazowsze Dawn Upshawand Richard Goode Soviet Philharmonic and Cleveland String Quartet National Company, Tosca Viktoria Postnikova, pianist

Ivo Pogorelich Special Concert The Vienna Boys Chicago Symphony Orchestra and The Juilliard Quartet The Waverly Consort

Dresden Staatskapelle and Miami City Ballet Andre Previn

University Musical Society of the University of Michigan Burton Memorial Tower Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1270 313.764.2538 University Musical Society

Board of Directors Advisory Committee Staff

Norman G. Herbert Ann Schriber Kenneth C. Fischer President Chair Executive Director Lois U. Stegeman Vice President Milli Baranowski Gigi Andresen Rebecca McGowFn Gail Davis Barnes Catherine S. Arcure Secretary Sue Bonifield Sara J. Billmann Carl A. Brauer, Jr. Charles Borgsdorf Sally A. Gushing Treasurer. Bradley Canale LeilaniDenison Sandra Connellan Barbara L Ferguson Robert G.AIdrich Elena Debanco Judy Johnson Fry Herberts. Amster Anne Duderstadt Michael LGowing Maurice S. Binkow Margo Halsted Deborah Halinski Paul C. Boylan Charles Hills Lorna Hildebrandt Jon Cosovich JoAnne Hulce Millicent Jones John D'Arms Alice Davis Irani John B. Kennard, Jr. James J. Duderstadt Stuart Issac Michael J. Kondziolka Walter L Harrison Frances Jelinek Thomas M. Mull Thomas E. Kauper Howard King Cindi Park Thomas E. Kinnear Judy Lucas Robin Stephenson Patricks. Long Lynn Luckenbach Joan C. Susskind Judythe R. Maugh Charlotte McGeoch Carol G. Wargelin John D.Paul Joan Olsen Ann S. Schriber Agnes Reading Student Assistants I George I.Shirley Helen Siedel Andrew Berryhill Herbert Sloan Miriam Stephen Julia Day James Telfer Richard Chisholm Gail W. Rector Alvan Uhle Karen Cowles President Emeritus Jerry Weidenbach Michelle Ingels Mary White Ali Johnson Shelly Williams Ann Mary Quarandillo University Choral Union Elizabeth Yhouse and Festival Chorus Nancy Zimmerman

Thomas Hilbish Interim Director Donald T. Bryant Conductor Emeritus

Design: Nunoo-Quarcoo Design Photography: David Smith Photography Printing: White Pine, Inc. Ars longa vita brevis