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Widescreen Weekend 2007 Brochure
The Widescreen Weekend welcomes all those fans of large format and widescreen films – CinemaScope, VistaVision, 70mm, Cinerama and Imax – and presents an array of past classics from the vaults of the National Media Museum. A weekend to wallow in the best of cinema. HOW THE WEST WAS WON NEW TODD-AO PRINT MAYERLING (70mm) BLACK TIGHTS (70mm) Saturday 17 March THOSE MAGNIFICENT MEN IN THEIR Monday 19 March Sunday 18 March Pictureville Cinema Pictureville Cinema FLYING MACHINES Pictureville Cinema Dir. Terence Young France 1960 130 mins (PG) Dirs. Henry Hathaway, John Ford, George Marshall USA 1962 Dir. Terence Young France/GB 1968 140 mins (PG) Zizi Jeanmaire, Cyd Charisse, Roland Petit, Moira Shearer, 162 mins (U) or How I Flew from London to Paris in 25 hours 11 minutes Omar Sharif, Catherine Deneuve, James Mason, Ava Gardner, Maurice Chevalier Debbie Reynolds, Henry Fonda, James Stewart, Gregory Peck, (70mm) James Robertson Justice, Geneviève Page Carroll Baker, John Wayne, Richard Widmark, George Peppard Sunday 18 March A very rare screening of this 70mm title from 1960. Before Pictureville Cinema It is the last days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The world is going on to direct Bond films (see our UK premiere of the There are westerns and then there are WESTERNS. How the Dir. Ken Annakin GB 1965 133 mins (U) changing, and Archduke Rudolph (Sharif), the young son of new digital print of From Russia with Love), Terence Young West was Won is something very special on the deep curved Stuart Whitman, Sarah Miles, James Fox, Alberto Sordi, Robert Emperor Franz-Josef (Mason) finds himself desperately looking delivered this French ballet film. -
CINERAMA: the First Really Big Show
CCINEN RRAMAM : The First Really Big Show DIVING HEAD FIRST INTO THE 1950s:: AN OVERVIEW by Nick Zegarac Above left: eager audience line ups like this one for the “Seven Wonders of the World” debut at the Cinerama Theater in New York were short lived by the end of the 1950s. All in all, only seven feature films were actually produced in 3-strip Cinerama, though scores more were advertised as being shot in the process. Above right: corrected three frame reproduction of the Cypress Water Skiers in ‘This is Cinerama’. Left: Fred Waller, Cinerama’s chief architect. Below: Lowell Thomas; “ladies and gentlemen, this is Cinerama!” Arguably, Cinerama was the most engaging widescreen presentation format put forth during the 1950s. From a visual standpoint it was the most enveloping. The cumbersome three camera set up and three projector system had been conceptualized, designed and patented by Fred Waller and his associates at Paramount as early as the 1930s. However, Hollywood was not quite ready, and certainly not eager, to “revolutionize” motion picture projection during the financially strapped depression and war years…and who could blame them? The standardized 1:33:1(almost square) aspect ratio had sufficed since the invention of 35mm celluloid film stock. Even more to the point, the studios saw little reason to invest heavily in yet another technology. The induction of sound recording in 1929 and mounting costs for producing films in the newly patented 3-strip Technicolor process had both proved expensive and crippling adjuncts to the fluidity that silent B&W nitrate filming had perfected. -
The Search for Spectators: Vistavision and Technicolor in the Searchers Ruurd Dykstra the University of Western Ontario, [email protected]
Kino: The Western Undergraduate Journal of Film Studies Volume 1 | Issue 1 Article 1 2010 The Search for Spectators: VistaVision and Technicolor in The Searchers Ruurd Dykstra The University of Western Ontario, [email protected] Abstract With the growing popularity of television in the 1950s, theaters experienced a significant drop in audience attendance. Film studios explored new ways to attract audiences back to the theater by making film a more totalizing experience through new technologies such as wide screen and Technicolor. My paper gives a brief analysis of how these new technologies were received by film critics for the theatrical release of The Searchers ( John Ford, 1956) and how Warner Brothers incorporated these new technologies into promotional material of the film. Keywords Technicolor, The Searchers Recommended Citation Dykstra, Ruurd (2010) "The Search for Spectators: VistaVision and Technicolor in The Searchers," Kino: The Western Undergraduate Journal of Film Studies: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Dykstra: The Search for Spectators The Search for Spectators: VistaVision and Technicolor in The Searchers by Ruurd Dykstra In order to compete with the rising popularity of television, major Hollywood studios lured spectators into the theatres with technical innovations that television did not have - wider screens and brighter colors. Studios spent a small fortune developing new photographic techniques in order to compete with one another; this boom in photographic research resulted in a variety of different film formats being marketed by each studio, each claiming to be superior to the other. Filmmakers and critics alike valued these new formats because they allowed for a bright, clean, crisp image to be projected on a much larger screen - it enhanced the theatre going experience and brought about a re- appreciation for film’s visual aesthetics. -
History of Widescreen Aspect Ratios
HISTORY OF WIDESCREEN ASPECT RATIOS ACADEMY FRAME In 1889 Thomas Edison developed an early type of projector called a Kinetograph, which used 35mm film with four perforations on each side. The frame area was an inch wide and three quarters of an inch high, producing a ratio of 1.37:1. 1932 the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences made the Academy Ratio the standard Ratio, and was used in cinemas until 1953 when Paramount Pictures released Shane, produced with a Ratio of 1.66:1 on 35mm film. TELEVISION FRAME The standard analogue television screen ratio today is 1.33:1. The Aspect Ratio is the relationship between the width and height. A Ratio of 1.33:1 or 4:3 means that for every 4 units wide it is 3 units high (4 / 3 = 1.33). In the 1950s, Hollywood's attempt to lure people away from their television sets and back into cinemas led to a battle of screen sizes. Fred CINERAMA Waller of Paramount's Special Effects Department developed a large screen system called Cinerama, which utilised three cameras to record a single image. Three electronically synchronised projectors were used to project an image on a huge screen curved at an angle of 165 degrees, producing an aspect ratio of 2.8:1. This Is Cinerama was the first Cinerama film released in 1952 and was a thrilling travelogue which featured a roller-coaster ride. See Film Formats. In 1956 Metro Goldwyn Mayer was planning a CAMERA 65 ULTRA PANAVISION massive remake of their 1926 silent classic Ben Hur. -
MARK FREEMAN Encyclopedia of Science, Technology and Society Ooks&Sidtext=0816031231&Leftid=0
MARK FREEMAN Encyclopedia of Science, Technology and Society http://www.factsonfile.com/newfacts/FactsDetail.asp?PageValue=B ooks&SIDText=0816031231&LeftID=0 WIDESCREEN The scale of motion picture projection depends upon the inter- relationship of several factors: the size and aspect ratio of the screen; the gauge of the film; the type of lenses used for filming and projection; and the number of synchronized projectors used. These choices are in turn determined by engineering, marketing and aesthetic considerations. Aspect ratio is the width of the screen divided by the height. The classic standard aspect ratio was expressed as 1.33:1. Today most movies are screened as 1.85:1 or 2.35:1 (widescreen). Films shot in these ratios are cropped for television, which retains the classic ratio of 1.33:1. This cropping is accomplished either by removing a third of the image at the sides of the frame, or by "panning and scanning." In this process a technician determines which portion of a given frame should be included. "Letterboxing" creates a band of black above and below the televised film image. This allows the composition as originally photographed to be screened in video. The larger the film negative, the more resolution. Large film gauges allow greater resolution over a given size of projected image. In the 1890's film sizes varied from 12mm to as many as 80mm, before accepting Edison's 35mm standard. Today films continue to be screened in a variety of guages including Super 8mm, 16mm and Super 16mm, 35mm, 70mm and IMAX. Cinema and the fairground share a common history in the search for technologically based spectacles and attractions. -
9. IMAX Technology and the Tourist Gaze
Charles R. Acland IMAX TECHNOLOGY AND THE TOURIST GAZE Abstract IMAX grew out of the large and multiple screen lm experiments pro- duced for Expo ’67 in Montréal. Since then, it has become the most suc- cessful large format cinema technology.IMAX is a multiple articulation of technological system, corporate entity and cinema practice. This article shows how IMAX is reintroducing a technologically mediated form of ‘tourist gaze’, as elaborated by John Urry,into the context of the insti- tutions of museums and theme parks. IMAX is seen as a powerful exem- plar of the changing role of cinema-going in contemporary post-Fordist culture, revealing new congurations of older cultural forms and practices. In particular,the growth of this brand of commercial cinema runs parallel to a blurring of the realms of social and cultural activity,referred to as a process of ‘dedifferentiation’. This article gives special attention to the espistemological dimensions of IMAX’s conditions of spectatorship. Keywords cinema; epistemology; postmodernism; technology; tourism; spectatorship Technologies and institutional locations of IMAX N E O F T H E rst things you notice at the start of an IMAX lm, after the suspenseful atmosphere created by the mufed acoustics of the theatre, andO after you sink into one of the steeply sloped seats and become aware of the immense screen so close to you, is the clarity of the image. As cinema-goers, we are accustomed to celluloid scratches, to dirty or dim projections, and to oddly ubiquitous focus problems. The IMAX image astonishes with its vibrant colours and ne details. -
FILM FORMATS ------8 Mm Film Is a Motion Picture Film Format in Which the Filmstrip Is Eight Millimeters Wide
FILM FORMATS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 mm film is a motion picture film format in which the filmstrip is eight millimeters wide. It exists in two main versions: regular or standard 8 mm and Super 8. There are also two other varieties of Super 8 which require different cameras but which produce a final film with the same dimensions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Standard 8 The standard 8 mm film format was developed by the Eastman Kodak company during the Great Depression and released on the market in 1932 to create a home movie format less expensive than 16 mm. The film spools actually contain a 16 mm film with twice as many perforations along each edge than normal 16 mm film, which is only exposed along half of its width. When the film reaches its end in the takeup spool, the camera is opened and the spools in the camera are flipped and swapped (the design of the spool hole ensures that this happens properly) and the same film is exposed along the side of the film left unexposed on the first loading. During processing, the film is split down the middle, resulting in two lengths of 8 mm film, each with a single row of perforations along one edge, so fitting four times as many frames in the same amount of 16 mm film. Because the spool was reversed after filming on one side to allow filming on the other side the format was sometime called Double 8. The framesize of 8 mm is 4,8 x 3,5 mm and 1 m film contains 264 pictures. -
DCI and OTHER Film Formats by Peter R Swinson (November 2005)
DCI and OTHER Film Formats By Peter R Swinson (November 2005) This document attempts to explain some of the isssues facing compliance with the DCI specification for producing Digital Cinema Distribution Masters (DCDM) when the source material is of an aspect ratio different to the two 2K and 4K DCDM containers. Background Early Digital Projection of varying Aspect Ratios. Digital Cinema Projectors comprise image display devices of a fixed aspect ratio. Early Digital Cinema projectors utilised non linear (Anamorphic) optics as a means to provide conversion from one aspect ratio to another, the projectors also generated images using less than the full surface area of the image display devices to provide other aspect ratios, and, on occasions, the combination of both. Film Aspect Ratios Since the inception of Film many aspect ratios have been used. For Feature Films, the film image width has remained nominally constant at what is known as the academy width and the aspect ratio has been determined by the height of the image on the film. One additional aspect is obtained using the same academy width but also using a 2:1 non-linear anamorphic lens to compress the horizontal image 2:1 while filming. A complimentary expanding 2:1 anamorphic lens is used in the cinema. This anamorphic usage ensures that the film’s full image height and width is used to retain quality. This is known generally as Cinemascope with an aspect ratio of 2.39:1. For those who carry out film area measurements against aspect ratios, this number is arrived at by using a slightly greater frame height than regular 35mm film. -
Digital Cinerama
Widescreen Weekend DDigitaligital CineramaCinerama - D150D150 CCinemaScopeinemaScope 5555 - Ultra-Ultra- PPanavisionanavision aandnd muchmuch muchmuch moremore MMarkark TTrompetelerrompeteler aatt thethe BradfordBradford WWidescreenidescreen WWeekendeekend The 14th. Annual Widescreen Weekend One of the most important and memorable was held from 19th. – 23rd. March at the moments in the history of film projection is National Museum of Media, in Bradford. “the Cinerama reveal” at the beginning of One hundred and five delegates travelled this film, when the curtains pull back from from all over the world to the Pictureville the small standard academy aspect ratio Cinema, based in the museum, for this black and white screen image to slowly annual event that celebrates and showcases reveal the giant colour widescreen aspect all aspects of widescreen cinema. Attendees ratio of the Cinerama image and also herald had travelled from as far away as Australia its fabulous accompanying magnetic track and New Zealand, China, America and sound. Even after all these years seeing this Canada, as well as from many countries at Bradford for the first, or a repeated time, both in Eastern and Western Europe, the is still a thrilling moment. (pictures below). Scandinavian countries and of course many parts of the UK and Ireland. The Dave Strohmaier and Randy Gitsch annual event has for many years been co- from Los Angeles (right) are amongst the programmed by Bill Lawrence and Thomas world’s leading experts, chroniclers and Hauerslev. This year the contribution documentary film makers on Cinerama of Duncan McGregor, the museum’s and its place in cinema history. They Projection Team Manager to the weekend’s attended this year for the fourth time. -
Ultra Panavision 70 in Sydney
SYDNEY IN 70MM – PART 1 ULTRA PANVISION 70 TODD-AO SUPER TECHNIRAMA 70 SUPER PANAVISION 70 ULTRA PANAVISION 70 The original building structure including the façade of the Hoyts Plaza theatre still remains which is located at 600 George Street Sydney. Only part of the entry foyer [currently McDonald’s restaurant] exists from the 1650 seating capacity which premiered Dynamite on the 11th April 1930. During the forty seven [47] years of cinema exhibition, the Hoyts Plaza theatre presented numerous event motion pictures which included the second CinemaScope release in Sydney How To Marry a Millionaire on the 21st January 1954 and was extensively refurbished in 1958 to showcase the exclusive presentations of three strip and single lens Cinerama in New South Wales. Revered by patron, cinema staff, film distributor and exhibitor as the flag ship cinema for Hoyts Theatres in Sydney, the Hoyts Plaza theatre closed on the 29th June 1977 with Mr Billion as its last attraction. Compiled by Doug Louden The following table are the MGM Camera 65 and Ultra Panavision productions presented in Sydney during the era of the Reserved Seating Engagement. The release dates in BLUE FONT are those which were released at the 35mm equipped cinema. Only BEN HUR was later reissued in 70mm … FILM CINEMA SYDNEY LONDON CINEMA Raintree County – MGM Camera 65 Liberty 05/04/58 07/09/58 Empire Ben-Hur – MGM Camera 65 St James 05/05/60 16/12/59 Empire Mutiny on the Bounty St James 18/01/63 19/11/62 Royalty The Fall of the Roman Empire Forum 10/07/64 24/03/64 Astoria It’s -
WIDE SCREEN MOVIES CORRECTIONS - Rev
WIDE SCREEN MOVIES CORRECTIONS - Rev. 2.0 - Revised December, 2004. © Copyright 1994-2004, Daniel J. Sherlock. All Rights Reserved. This document may not be published in whole or in part or included in another copyrighted work without the express written permission of the author. Permission is hereby given to freely copy and distribute this document electronically via computer media, computer bulletin boards and on-line services provided the content is not altered other than changes in formatting or data compression. Any comments or corrections individuals wish to make to this document should be made as a separate document rather than by altering this document. All trademarks belong to their respective companies. ========== COMMENTS FOR VERSION 1.0 (PUBLISHED APRIL, 1994): The following is a list of corrections and addenda to the book Wide Screen Movies by Robert E. Carr and R.M. Hayes, published in 1988 by McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, NC and London; ISBN 0-89950-242-3. This document may be more understandable if you reference the book, but it is written so that you can read it by itself and get the general idea. This document was written at the request of several individuals to document the problems I found in the book. I am not in the habit of marking up books like I had done with this particular book, but the number of errors I found was overwhelming. The corrections are referenced with the appropriate page number and paragraph in the book. I have primarily limited my comments to the state of the art as it was when the book was published in 1988. -
All About Anamorphic
Jon Fauer, ASC www.fdtimes.com May 2015 Special Report All About Anamorphic A Review of Film and Digital Times Articles since 2007 about Anamorphic Widescreen Contents Anamorphic Ahead ..........................................................................3 Art, Technique and Technology Anamorphic 2x and 1.3x ..................................................................4 2x or 1.3x Squeeze ..........................................................................4 Film and Digital Times is the guide to technique and 2.35, 2.39, or 2.40 ..........................................................................4 technology, tools and how-tos for Cinematographers, Contempt ........................................................................................5 Photographers, Directors, Producers, Studio Executives, Contempt ........................................................................................6 2-Perf Aaton Penelope .....................................................................6 Camera Assistants, Camera Operators, Grips, Gaffers, Focal Length (spherical or anamorphic) .............................................7 Crews, Rental Houses, and Manufacturers. The Math of 4:3 and 16:9 Anamorphic Cinematography .....................9 It’s written, edited, and published by Jon Fauer, ASC, an 4:3..................................................................................................9 16:9................................................................................................9 award-winning Cinematographer