UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY DATA FOR THE GLACIER PEAK WILDERNESS, CHELAN, SNOHOMISH, AND SKAGIT COUNTIES, WASHINGTON By Alan Robert Grant Open-File Report 82-408 This report was prepared under contract to The U.S. Geological Survey and has not been reviewed for conformity with USGS editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Opinions and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the USGS. Any use of trade name? is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..................................................... 4 Method of investigation.......................................... 5 Summary of bedrock and economic geology - North Cascade Range.... 5 Regional geologic relationships.............................. 5 Upper Cretaceous-Tertiary intrusive activity................. 7 Transverse structural lineaments............................. 8 Cascade sulfide systems - general overview................... 10 Cascade porphyry copper alteration systems................... 11 Breccia pipes................................................ 12 Description of mineralized areas................................. 14 Introduction................................................. 14 Prospects and mineralized areas described in this report..... 15 1. Glacier Peak....................................... 16 2. Buckindy........................................... 18 2a. Summary of Buckindy drilling....................... 19 3. Fortress Mountain.................................. 22 4. Milt Creek......................................... 24 5. Red Mountain Ridge................................. 25 6. Crown Point........................................ 25 7. Canyon Creek....................................... 26 8. Sitting Bull....................................... 26 9. Bannock Mountain................................... 27 10. Pass Creek......................................... 27 11. Company Creek...................................... 28 12. S. Cascade Glacier................................ 29 13. Suiattle River..................................... 29 14. West Red Mountain.................................. 29 15. Deerfly............................................ 30 16. Martin Peak........................................ 30 17. Riddle Peak........................................ 30 18. Nine Mile Creek.................................... 31 19. Red Cap............................................ 31 20. Ebbutt f s Breccia................................... 31 21. Buckskin Mountain.................................. 32 22. North side = Dumbell Mountain...................... 32 23 West side - Bonanza Peak........................... 33 24. Red Mountain - Chiwawa............................. 33 25. North Star......................................... 33 26. Blankenship........................................ 33 27. Bryan.............................................. 34 28. Lake Shyall........................................ 34 29. Silver Trail....................................... 34 30. Cascade............................................ 34 31. Epoch.............................................. 34 32. Pioneer............................................ 34 33. Goff............................................... 35 References....................................................... 36 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Index map showing location of Glacier Peak Wilderness area 4a Figure 2. Index map showing the location of the major plutons, transverse structural belts and significant metal deposits in the Washington Cascades......................... 8a Figure 3- Diagrammatic cross section of Cascade type porphyry copper system showing distribution of alteration types in deep, intermediate and high level zones ........................... 11a Figure U. Surface sample results, Mt. Buckindy area................... 19a INTRODUCTION Initial prospecting in the vicinity of the Glacier Peak Wilderness area (fig. 1) probably began in the late l880's. The first claims in the Holden Mine area were located in 1892. The first claims in the Glacier Peak (i.e., Miner's Ridge) and Red Mountain (Trinity) areas were located about 1900. During the period from 1890-1900, most of the Pb-Ag vein occurrences in the Cascade Pass district were located and worked with apparent little success. After this initial flurry of prospecting, most of the activity in the area was confined to exploration and/or development on the Holden, Glacier Peak and Red Mountain properties. Howe Sound Company, in conjunction with their Holden Mine operation, conducted fairly detailed reconnaissance examinations of all exposed mineralized showings within a several mile radius of Holden. The results of this work are summarized in a series of private Howe Sound reports now owned by Bear Creek Mining Company (domestic exploration subsidiary of Kennecott Corporation). As a direct result of their interest in the Glacier Peak deposit, Bear Creek conducted an extensive reconnaissance program of the now Glacier Peak Wilderness area during the period from 1956 through 1963- The only significant mining venture which took place in the general area of interest (immediately east of the Wilderness boundary in the Railroad Creek drainage) was the Holden Mine. According to Howe Sound records, total production during the period from 1938 through 1955 was 10,148,222 tons with a recoverable production grade of 1.02$ Cu, 0.21$ Zn (1942-1955 only), 0.058 oz/ton Au and 0.203 oz/ton Ag. The mine closed in 1957. No production figures for the final two years of operation are present in the Bear Creek files. The Glacier Peak porphyry copper system has been extensively explored but no production has been achieved. Pre-Bear Creek drilling activity is summarized below. Company Date No. of Holes Total Footage Minerals Separation Co. 1918 3 1,986 Hanna C. & 0. Co. 1937-1941 32 19,036 International S. & R. (Lease from Hanna) 1942-1943 9 6,765 Bear Creek optioned the property in 1954. Title to the property was acquired by Ridge Mining Company (a wholly-owned Kennecott subsidiary formed specifically as a holding and operating entity for the Glacier Peak deposit) in 1959 upon completion of the option payment installment schedule. From 1954-1956, Bear Creek drilled 18 holes for a total aggregate footage of 13,852'. In 1959, they drilled an additional 13 holes for a total footage of 9,972'. Several additional holes have been drilled during the 1962, 1968 and 1970 field seasons for a total aggregate footage of 5,587 f . In 1956, Bear Creek drilled 5 holes in the Mt. Buckindy area for a total aggregate footage of 2,280.5 f . Immediately south of the Wilderness boundary near the junction of Phelps Creek and the Chiwawa River,- the Red Mountain (Trinity) deposit has been 4 I22»OO' I2I<«00' -48° 30' _jSKAGlT_Ca SNOHOMISH WILDERNES 48°00' Washington State £ WILDERNESS RECOMMENDATION (D-1. etc.) Figure 1. Index map showing location of Glacier Peak Wilderness. 4a explored by several companies during the period from 1902 to present. The property has been explored by greater than 12,000' of drift and crosscut and an unknown amount of drilling. Recorded production (1936-1940) is 15,837 tons of unknown grade. Approximately 2,000,000 tons of inferred Cu, Ag ore could be present in several small breccia pipes. METHOD OF INVESTIGATION Most of the information presented in this report was obtained directly from the exploration files of Bear Creek Mining Company. During February, 1980, I spent several days in Bear Creek's Spokane office reviewing their data on exploration results at Glacier Peak, Buckindy, Fortress Mountain and elsewhere in the Glacier Peak Wilderness. Arrangements for this review were made by Dr. A. B. Ford of the U.S. Geological Survey. In every aspect of this part of the research investigation, Bear Creek personnel were most cooperative. Special thanks are due Mr. R. C. Babcock, Jr., Vice President, Bear Creek Mining Company; and Mr. Phil Fikkan, Sr. Geologist for Bear Creek. Permission for release of Bear Creek data used in this report was granted by Mr. Babcock (written commun., July 17, 1980). Other data sources used in the preparation of this report include several private reports written by Howe Sound geologists during the Holden production period and the Washington State Division of Geology and Earth Resources files in Olympia. During the period from 1959 through 1964, I was employed as an exploration geologist by Bear Creek. My principal responsibility was the direction of base metal exploration projects in the Washington Cascades. Specifically, during the period from 1959 to 1961, the main emphasis of field work was reconnaissance exploration within the Glacier Peak Wilderness in an attempt to discover deposits similar to the Glacier Peak porphyry copper system on Miner's Ridge. Many of my interpretations presented in this report are a direct result of observations made during this period of time. Subsequent to my leaving Bear Creek in 1965, I expanded on the economic geology concepts of the Glacier Peak area (Grant, 1969). Specific property information, locations of mineralized areas, geochemical data and some geologic background data are shown on the accompanying map. In some instances, prospect locations are approximate due to the imprecise description in the literature. No attempt was made to plot all the background geologic information, as this was outside the scope of my investigation