IOM DISPLACEMENT Flow Monitoring: South / Sudan through Publication: 27 February 2019 TRACKING MATRIX 1 July - 31 December 2018 2 Amiet Market, located in Abyei Administrative Area (AAA) represents one of the main transport nodes linking Sudan (SD) and South Sudan (SSD). The inter-communal market Demographics SSD to SD SD to SSD was created in 2016 buttressing the peace agreement signed between the Misseriya and Ngok Dinka with support from the United Nations. Migration through the market is Women 38% 39% most commonly of circular nature. South Sudanese nationals temporarily travel to Sudan to access services, notably healthcare (44%). Travelers to Sudan are overwhelmingly 64% Girls 25% 27% women and girls (63%) and nearly half are children under 18 years (47%). Travelers on their way back to South Sudan represent only a quarter of interviewed individuals. Please note that whilst these returns most commonly follow voluntary migration a quarter of those citing “return” as reason for movement reported having been in Sudan after having Men 20% 14% to ee. Tra c can be interrupted by access constraints in the form of ooded roads as well as conict / tensions aring up between the communities at Amiet Market. 36% Boys 17% 20%

Healthcare 81% Transportation modes Taxi or car Bus Other 72% 44% 25% Return to habitual 64% 33% 3% South Sudan Sudan to residence (of which approx. 3/4 to Sudan1 31% Living conditions South Sudan1 Legend / livelihoods after voluntary travel and Khartoum 1/4 after forced displacement) Flow Monitoring Point Areas of departure and destination SSD-SD movement through AAA + minimum number of days data was collected Outow min. # days data collected No data collection Limited tra c due to road conditions or closed market SSD to SD SD to SSD / movment present Inow 350 8 Road Undetermined boundary 300 7 250 6 5 200

# ind. 4 5,050 150 3 # days / week Individuals observed SUDAN 100 4.7 individuals 2 Average HH size 99% South Sudanese 50 1 0 0

8-14 26-1 2-8 1-7 8-14 15-20 29-4 5-11 12-18 19-25 9-15 16-22 23-29 30-6 7-13 14-20 21-27 28-3 4-10 11-17 18-24 25-1 2-8 9-15 16-22 12-18 July August September October November December

Departure Reason for movement Destination Abyei Adm. Area Warrap Return to habitual W. Bahr El Ghazal residence Other Abyei Admin. Abyei Adm. Area Living conditions / Livelihoods Area Northern Bahr el Ghazal Western Bahr Khartoum (Sudan) Mayom el Ghazal Health Care Twic Other Aweil East Aweil Centre Khartoum (Sudan) Family related SOUTH SUDAN Other (Sudan) Other (Sudan) Other

1: 2% SSD - SSD movement and 1% SD - SD movement The boundaries on this map do not imply o cial endorsement or acceptance by the Wau 2: Over 18 years: men and women; under 18 years: boys and girls Government of the Republic of South Sudan or IOM. This map is for planning purposes only. IOM cannot guarantee this map is error free and therefore accepts no liability for consequential and indirect damages arising from its use. 1 South Sudan & Abyei Administrative Area to Sudan Sudan to SSD & vAAA 3,646 individuals 1,287 individuals

Travelers most commonly departed from within Abyei Administrative Area (AAA, 37%) or Warrap State Most individuals traveled to return to SSD (89%) - mainly in the context of voluntary travel and circular (27%) to reach destinations within Khartoum State (86%). Whilst adult women were represented 1.9 times migration. However, among those citing return as reason for movement, a quarter returned after being as much as adult men, the ratio climbed to 2.1 in the case of healthcare-motivated travel and dropped to 1.5 forcibly displaced to Sudan. Most departed from Khartoum State intending to reach Warrap (26%) or for living condition / livelihood related movement. Three-quarters of all individuals intended to stay in Sudan (25%). Adult men made up 15% of all travelers observed travelling from SD to SSD for less than 6 months. compared to 20% in the opposite direction. Women (39%) and children (47%) made up most travelers.

Intended period of stay (months)1 Individuals with special needs Intended period of stay (months)2 Pregnant women 232 Short term long-term Short term long-term Lactating mothers 179 44% 57% Children under 5 168 30% 40% Male unaccompanied children 65 14% Female unaccompanied children 46 7% 5% <1% 1% 3% Physical disability 29 < 3 3-6 6-12 >12 or Doesn’t know < 3 3-6 6-12 >12 or Doesn't know / indenitely / no answer Mental disability 4 indenitely no answer

1: Please note that percentages apply only to persons travelling between 1 October and 2: Please note that percentages apply only to persons travelling between 1 October and 31 31 December (n=1,822 individuals) due to a change in methodology. December (n=741 individuals) due to a change in methodology. Reasons for movement Demographics Reasons for movement Demographics 37% men and boys 34% men and boys 44% Health Care 63% women and girls 89% 3Return to habitual residence after... 66% women and girls 1% 60+ 1% 1% 60+ 1% 31% Living conditions / Livelihoods 67% ...voluntary travel 22% ...forced 13% Family related 19% 18-59 36% 10% Family related displacement 14% 18-59 38%

4% Education 14% 5-17 21% 1% Other 17% 5-17 21% 23% 4% Food Insecurity 3% 0-4 4% 3% 0-4 4% 4% Other Main departure points SSD & AAA Main destinations in Sudan Main departure points Sudan Main destinations in SSD & AAA County-level (admin 2) Admin 2 Admin 2 County-level (admin 2) 31% Twic 28% Khartoum 32% Sharq El Nile 24% Twic 27% Abyei Area 22% Wau 19% Sharq El Nile 21% Khartoum 10% Wau 15% Abyei Area 16% Um Durman 18% Um Durman 5% Mayom 13% Mayom 8% Khartoum North 9% Karari 19% 4% Aweil East 37% 4% Abiemnhom 6% Karari Jabal Aulia 6% 15% 8% 5% Jabal Aulia 4% Aweil Center 11%28% 4% Aweil Center 14% 27% 4% Sennar 3% Sennar Khartoum State Khartoum State 4% Aweil East 25% 3% Gogrial West 11% 3% Khartoum North 2% Umm Badda Sennar State Sennar State 4% Gogrial West 3% Aweil Centre 6% Other 12% Other 10% Other 13% Other 2% Other Other2%

3: Breakdown calculated based on second half of reporting period during which the dierentiation was made IOM DISPLACEMENT Flow Monitoring: South Sudan / Sudan through Abyei TRACKING MATRIX SOUTH SUDAN 2 IOM DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX M    SOUTH SUDAN

The ow monitoring component of DTM tracks movement on a household and individual level through key transit points. The purpose of ow monitoring is to provide regularly updated information on the patterns and trends of population dynamics and proles and intentions of persons on the move irrespective of their status, through specic locations. Trained enumerators collect data on two types of movements: i) internal ows within South Sudan and ii) cross-border ows to and from neighboring countries. The data collected through Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) allows partners to better understand population movements and inform humanitarian assistance.

IOM DTM strives to provide an as complete and accurate picture of migration trends as possible within the available humanitarian space and other structural constraints. FMPs are strategically selected following an assessment of high mobility locations to capture the most important ows. Nevertheless, not all migration between SSD and UGA can be covered. Data remains limited to the locations of FMPs, which is especially important to take note of in the current dynamic context brought about by the signing of the peace agreement. Data collection is carried out seven days a week but ceases at night from 17:00 to 08:00.

Whilst methodologically DTM aims to capture all passing migrants through its ow monitoring registry and obtain additional more detailed information about their journey as part of surveys conducted with a sample of those passing, the uid movement of people in small groups at times makes it di cult to capture the full extent of the ow even during daytime hours. The remoteness of certain FMPs means that data uploads can be delayed because of poor connectivity. Security concerns can necessitate data being collected on paper instead of mobile applications, which can lead to delayed analysis. Security concerns can, furthermore, cause the complete closure or relocation of certain FMPs (all four Uganda-based FMPs remained open throughout the observation period). With roughly over 60 languages spoken in South Sudan, communication with respondents can be limited by linguistic abilities of local enumerators.

Though ndings are limited to a select number of response options in the quantitative data collection tools used, IOM DTM communicates with its enumerators and updates its forms to adapt to the dynamic South Sudanese context.

All our products are available on displacement.iom.int/south-sudan For more information, please contact [email protected]

Banton Bridge, where roads from Unity, Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Western Bahr el Ghazal meet. passing through Agok (Abyei Admin. Area) in direction of Abyei Town to Amiet Market. The road is frequently ooded limiting tra c between Sudan and South Sudan. 28 September 2018, © IOM, DTM

3