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Der Trichopilia Tortilis Komplex (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) Mit Einer Schwierig Zu Bestimmenden Neuen Art

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Der Trichopilia Tortilis Komplex (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) Mit Einer Schwierig Zu Bestimmenden Neuen Art OrchideenJournal Heft 2 · 2009 Der Trichopilia tortilis Komplex (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) mit einer schwierig zu bestimmenden neuen Art Robert L. Dressler & Diego Bogarín C. Den größten Teil unseres Wissens über pe, die von Mexiko und Mittelamerika (1851) dementiert, indem sie sagten, die tropischen Orchideen haben wir her bekannt ist, wobei Trichopilia ma- dass Warscewicz sie aus Westpana- uns durch fl oristische Studien ange- culata bis zum kolumbianischen De- ma gesandt habe. Damals war jedoch eignet, indem wir sie an ihren Stand- partment Chocó vorkommt. Während Panama ein Teil Kolumbiens. Wir be- orten beobachtet haben, statt sie als Henfrey (1851) angab, dass Trichopi- schreiben hier eine andere Art, von der „natural“ oder phylogenetische Orchi- lia marginata von Linden aus Kolum- gesagt wurde, sie sei aus Kolumbien. deengruppe zu untersuchen. Jedoch bien importiert worden sei, wurde das Der knappe Hinweis unterstützt aber bereiten uns die Typusexemplare bei aber prompt von Lindley and Paxton nicht diese Herkunft. unseren Bemühungen, korrekte Na- men der Arten anzuwenden, Schwie- Bestimmungsschlüssel für den Trichopilia tortilis Komplex rigkeiten. Aus historischen Gründen (Die Säulenabmessungen in diesem Schlüssel schließen nicht werden viele Typusexemplare weit das gefranste Klinandrium mit ein). entfernt von ihren Herkunftsorten auf- bewahrt. Deshalb kann es bei einer 1. Lippe mit markanten, unverzweigten, abfallenden Kielen zwischen der fl oristischen Studie schwierig sein, Mittelfurche und den Osmophoren°; Säule weniger als 15 mm lang 2a Untersuchungen im Feld durchzufüh- 1* Lippe ohne markante Kiele zwischen der Mittelfurche und den ren und gleichzeitig zu entfernten Her- Osmophoren oder verzweigten Kielen, Säule 17 – 30 mm lang 2b barien zu reisen, um sie mit den kri- 2a. Sepalen und Petalen merklich gedreht; Sepalen, Petalen und Lippe tischen Typusexemplaren zu verglei- gefl eckt Trichopilia tortilis forma tortilis (Mx-CR) chen. Idealerweise ergeben fl oristi- 2b. Sepalen wenig gedreht oder seitlich gebogen; sche Studien, dass die meisten Arten ohne Flecke Trichopilia tortilis forma immaculata (Gt-CR) in ihrem betreffenden Gebiet gefun- 3. Sepalen und Petalen normalerweise weniger als 8 mm breit 4 den werden, manchmal jedoch unter 3* Sepalen und Petalen normalerweise mehr als 10 mm breit 6 falschen Namen. Ein eklatantes Bei- 4. Bulben 2,5 – 4,5 x 1 – 2,5 cm, länglich – nahezu quadratisch, spiel dafür ist Trichopilia maculata an den Untergrund angepresst Trichopilia maculata (Pan) Rchb. f.. Es ist eine charakteristische 4* Bulben 6 – 10 x 0,6 – 2 cm, linear oder nahezu länglich; aufrecht 5 Art, die von Zentralpanama nach Sü- 5. Enge röhrenförmige Lippenbasis ca. 9 mm lang, Rest der Lippe den bis zum kolumbianischen Depart- abrupt glockenförmig, Osmophoren unterhalb der Lippenmitte ment Chocó in niedrigen Höhen gefun- gebildet Trichopilia eneidae (CR?, Pan) den wird. Jedoch ist dieser Name für 5* Enge Lippenbasis ca. 17 mm lang, Lippe von der Basis her allmählich völlig unterschiedliche Arten in Cos- ausgedehnt; Osmophoren nahe oder etwas oberhalb der Lippenmitte, ta Rica, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Hon- einige Kielzweige in den Osmophoren Trichopilia primulina (CR?) duras und Guatemala verwendet wor- 6. Kanten der ventralen Furche merklich verdickt, Lippe gelb oder mit den. Im Übrigen bezieht sich der Art- roten Markierungen; Säule bis 20 mm Trichopilia galeottiana (Mx-Pan) name „maculata“ auf die dunklen Fle- 6* Kanten der ventralen Furche gerundet, nicht merklich verdickt; cken der die jungen Bulben umgeben- Lippe normalerweise rot oder braun, oft mit weißen Rändern; den Hüllblätter. Während dieses Merk- Säule 23 – 25 mm lang 7 mal bei den meisten Trichopilia-Arten 7. Säule etwa halb mit der Lippe verwachsen; 2 oder 3 Blüten pro zu fi nden ist, sind die Blüten der Tri- Infl oreszenz Trichopilia x crispa (CR, Pan) chopilia maculata ungefl eckt. 7* Säule viel weniger als zur Hälfte mit der Lippe verwachsen 8 Die jetzige Studie versucht, den „tor- 8. Lippe (wenn ausgebreitet) über den Seitenlappen viel breiter als tilis-Komplex“ aufzuklären, in dem die über dem Mittellappen; Bulben 0,5 – 1 cm breit; Säule in Bezug beiden Arten Trichopilia maculata und zur Lippe nicht zentral; Lippe rot oder purpurnrot, mit wenigen Trichopilia tortilis, die Typusart der oder keinen hellen Rändern Trichopilia punicea (CR) Gattung, enthalten sind. Diese Grup- 8* Lippe (wenn ausgebreitet) über den Seitenlappen nur etwas breiter als pe ist durch einblütige Infl oreszenzen über dem Mittellappen; Bulben normalerweise breiter; Säulenspitze nor- (oft einige oder viele gleichzeitig) und malerweise mittig zur Lippe; Lippe purpurn oder bräunlichrot, normaler deutliche mittlere Furchen auf den Lip- weise mit markanten hellen Rändern Trichopilia marginata (CR, Pan) pen gekennzeichnet. Es ist eine Grup- ° Duftdrüsen zur Anlockung der Bestäuber 56 Heft 2 · 2009 OrchideenJournal The Trichopilia tortilis complex (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) with an elusive new species Robert L. Dressler & Diego Bogarín C. Much of our knowledge of tropical or- scewicz from western Panama. To be that has been said to be from Colom- chids is derived from „fl oristic“ stud- sure, Panama was then part of Colom- bia, but the scant available evidence ies, that is, studies of the orchids bia. We here describe another species does not support such an origin. found in a geographic area, ra ther than of a „natural,“ or phylogenet- Key to the Trichopilia tortilis complex ic, orchid group. In our efforts to ap- (The column measurements in the key do not include the ply correct names to plant species, the fringed clinandrium.) type specimens are critical. For histo- 1. Lip with prominent descending keels (not branched) between median rical reasons, many type specimens groove and osmophores; column less than 15 mm long are deposited far from their areas of 2. Sepals and petals markedly twisted; sepals, petals and lip spotted origin, so that it may be diffi cult, in 8a. Trichopilia tortilis forma tortilis (Mx-CR) a fl oristic study, to do the necessary 2. Sepals weakly twisted or curved laterally; without spots fi eld studies and, at the same time, 8b. Trichopilia tortilis forma immaculata (Gt-CR) tra vel to distant herbaria to study crit- 1. Lip without prominent keels between median groove and osmophores, ical type specimens. Ideally, then, fl o- or the keels branched; column 17-30 mm long ristic studies treat most of the spe- 3. Sepals and petals usually less than 8 mm wide cies found in their respective areas but 4. Pseudobulbs 2.5-4.5 x 1-2.5 cm, oblong-subquadrate, appressed sometimes under the wrong names. A to substrate 4. Trichopilia maculata (Pan) glaring example is the case of Tricho- 4. Pseudobulbs 6-10 x 0.6-2 cm, linear or narrowly oblong, erect pilia maculata Rchb.f., a distinctive 5. Narrow tubular base of lip ca. 9 mm long, the rest of the lip abruptly species found at relatively low eleva- campanulate; osmophores borne below middle of lip. tions in central Panama and ranging 2. Trichopilia eneidae (CR?, Pan) south to the Colombian Chocó. Yet this 5. Narrow base of lip ca. 17 mm long, lip gradually expanding from base; name has been applied to quite differ- osmophores borne near or somewhat above middle of lip, with some ent species in Costa Rica, El Salvador, keel branches ending in the osmophore 6. Trichopilia primulina (CR?) Nicaragua, Honduras and Guatemala. 3. Sepals and petals usually more than 10 mm wide Incidentally, the epithet „maculata“ 6. Edges of ventral groove markedly thickened; lip yellow or with red refers to the dark spots on the sheaths markings; column to 20 mm long 3. Trichopilia galeottiana (Mx-Pan) surrounding the young pseudobulbs, 6. Edges of ventral groove rounded, not markedly thickened; lip usually a feature found in most species of Tri- red or brown often with white margins; column 23-25 mm long chopilia. The fl owers of Trichopilia ma- 7. Column about half adnate to lip; often 2 or 3 fl owers per infl orescence culata have no spots. 1. Trichopilia x crispa (CR, Pan) 7. Column much less than half adnate to lip The present study is an attempt to clar- 8. Lip (when fl attened) much wider across lateral lobes than across midlobe; ify the „tortilis complex“ that includes pseudobulbs 0.5-1 cm wide; column off-center in relation to lip; lip red both Trichopilia maculata and Trichopi- or purplish red, with little or no pale margins 7. Trichopilia punicea (CR) lia tortilis, the type species of Tricho- 8. Lip (when fl attened) only somewhat wider across lateral lobes than pilia. This group is characterized by across midlobe; pseudobulbs usually wider; column apex usually 1-fl owered infl orescences (often sever- centered in lip; lip purplish or brownish red, usually with prominent al or many at once), and by a distinct pale margins 5. Trichopilia marginata (CR, Pan) median groove on the lip. This is a group mainly known from Mexico and Central America, but Trichopilia macu- 1. Trichopilia x crispa Lindley, Gard. This is a natural hybrid of Trichopilia lata ranges to the Colombian Choco. Chron. 1857: 342 marginata and Trichopilia suavis, so, Henfrey (1851) stated that Trichopi- Type Specimen: Warscewicz via Ru- in the F1, half of its genes are from Tri- lia marginata had been imported from cker, Lindley Herb., Kew. chopilia suavis (not a member of this Colombia by Linden, but Lindley and Syn. Trichopilia x ramonenis J. Gar- complex). Nevertheless, the plants Paxton (1851) promptly pointed out cía & Mora-Ret. ex Morales, Lan- have been confused with both Tricho- that the plants had been sent by War- kesteriana 5: 18 (2002). pilia marginata and Trichopilia puni- 57 OrchideenJournal Heft 2 · 2009 1. Trichopilia x crispa Lindley, Gard. Chron. 1857: 342 Typusart: Warscewicz via Rucker, Lindley Herb., Kew. Syn. Trichopilia x ramonenis J. Gar- cía & Mora-Ret. ex Morales, Lan- kesteriana 5: 18 (2002). Dies ist eine Naturhybride zwischen Trichopilia marginata und Trichopi- lia suavis.
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