DOCSLIB.ORG

Accelerating the Uptake of Ccs: Industrial Use of Captured Carbon Dioxide March 2011

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Accelerating the Uptake of Ccs: Industrial Use of Captured Carbon Dioxide March 2011 ACCELERATING THE UPTAKE OF CCS: INDUSTRIAL USE OF CAPTURED CARBON DIOXIDE MARCH 2011 Disclaimer This report has been prepared by Parsons Brinckerhoff in collaboration with the Global CCS Institute for the benefit of the Global CCS Institute. It is subject to, and in accordance with, the agreement between the Global CCS Institute and Parsons Brinckerhoff. This report is based on a desktop review of available information and to the best of the authors’ knowledge the facts and matters described in this report reasonably represent the conditions only at the time of printing. The report did not consider novel technologies which are in the early R&D phase due to their potential extended development timeframes. Parsons Brinckerhoff and the Global CCS Institute accept no liability or responsibility whatsoever for any direct or indirect damages resulting from any use of or reliance upon this report by any third party. Acknowledgements The report was undertaken by Parsons Brinckerhoff in collaboration with the Global CCS Institute and with support provided by Edge Environment and KPMG. CONTENTS CONTENTS Glossary VIII Executive summary XI 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Scope and context 2 1.3.1 Inclusions 3 1.3.2 Exclusions 3 1.4 Definitions used in this report 3 1.4.1 CO2 reuse 3 1.4.2 CCS 4 1.4.3 Alternative forms of CCS 4 1.4.4 Captive and non-captive 4 1.4.5 Bulk CO2 4 1.5 Structure of this report 4 PART 1 TECHNOLOGY INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION 7 1. CO2 reuse technologies 8 1.1 List and description of technologies 8 1.2 First cut of technologies for detailed investigation and evaluation 15 2. Description of short-listed technologies 16 2.1 CO2 for use in enhanced oil recovery 16 2.1.1 Enhanced gas recovery (EGR) 19 2.2 CO2 as feedstock for urea yield boosting 19 2.3 CO2 as a working fluid for enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) 21 2.4 CO2 as feedstock for polymer processing 23 2.5 CO2 for use in algae cultivation 25 2.6 CO2 as feedstock for carbonate mineralisation 26 2.7 CO2 for use in concrete curing 29 2.8 CO2 for use in bauxite residue carbonation 29 2.9 CO2 as a feedstock for liquid fuel production 31 2.10 CO2 for use in enhanced coal bed methane recovery (ECBM) 35 3. Technology categorisation 37 3.1 CO2 feedstock 37 3.2 Permanence of CO2 storage 38 3.3 Technology categorisation 39 PAGE I CONTENTS 4. Technology comparison 41 4.1 Maturity of reuse technologies 41 4.2 Potential revenue generation 44 4.3 Level of investment 45 4.4 Additional CO2 emissions from reuse 47 4.5 Reuse technologies applicability to developing countries 48 4.5.1 Mineral carbonation production and CO2 concrete curing 49 4.5.2 Bauxite residue carbonation 50 4.5.3 Enhanced coal bed methane (ECBM) 50 4.5.4 Urea yield boosting 50 4.5.5 Methanol 51 4.5.6 Formic acid 51 4.5.7 Engineered geothermal systems 51 4.5.8 Polymers 52 4.5.9 Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) 52 4.5.10 Algae cultivation 52 4.5.11 CDM credits 53 5. Technology evaluation 54 5.1 Methodology and selection criteria 54 5.1.1 Technology maturity 54 5.1.2 Scale-up potential 55 5.1.3 Value for money 56 5.1.4 CO2 abatement potential, environmental and social benefits 57 5.2 Limitations of analysis 58 5.2.1 Shortage of information 58 5.2.2 Comparability of information 58 5.3 Evaluation of short-listed technologies 59 5.3.1 CO2 for use in enhanced oil recovery 59 5.3.2 CO2 as feedstock for urea yield boosting 60 5.3.3 CO2 as a working fluid for enhanced geothermal systems 61 5.3.4 CO2 as feedstock for polymer processing 62 5.3.5 CO2 for use in algae cultivation 63 5.3.6 CO2 as feedstock for carbonate mineralisation 64 5.3.7 CO2 for use in concrete curing 65 5.3.8 CO2 for use in bauxite residue carbonation 66 5.3.9 CO2 as a feedstock for liquid fuel production 67 5.3.10 CO2 in enhanced coal bed methane recovery 68 5.4 Summary of evaluation scores 70 PAGE II CONTENTS 6. Analysis and discussion 71 6.1 Performance of technologies against objectives 71 6.1.1 Objective A: Accelerate cost reductions for conventional CO2 capture plant 72 6.1.2 Objective B: Accelerate the uptake of alternative forms of CCS 74 6.2 Summary of performance against objectives 76 PART 2 ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL EVALUATION 79 1. Context 80 2. The CO2 market 81 2.1 Demand 81 2.1.1 Current demand 81 2.1.2 Future demand 82 2.2 Supply 82 2.3 CO2 market pricing 84 2.3.1 Pricing of bulk CO2 84 2.3.2 Future pricing of bulk CO2 84 3. Framework for CCS 85 3.1 No pricing of CO2 and no regulatory obligation 85 3.2 Pricing of CO2 emissions 85 3.2.1 Regulatory obligations to capture and store CO2 86 3.2.2 Summary of present position 87 4. Role of CO2 reuse in facilitating CCS 88 4.1 Key costs and revenues associated with CCS 88 4.1.1 What is a realistic level of revenue to be expected from the sale of CO2 for reuse? 88 4.1.2 How much does CCS cost now, and how much will it cost in the future? 89 4.1.3 What is the carbon price expected to be into the future? 90 4.2 Interaction of key costs and revenues 91 4.3 Development scenarios 92 4.3.1 Development scenario 1 – When a strong carbon price is in place, what benefit will CO2 reuse provide when the reuse permanently stores CO2? 93 4.3.2 Development scenario 2 – Can a CO2 reuse technology that does NOT permanently store CO2 become commercially viable when a carbon price is in place? 93 4.3.3 Development scenario 3 – Can CO2 reuse technologies accelerate the demonstration of individual elements of the CCS chain, in lieu of fully integrated demonstration projects? 94 4.3.4 Development scenario 4 – Will CO2 reuse be commercially viable in a weak carbon price environment 95 4.4 Conclusions 95 PAGE III CONTENTS PART 3 KEY FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 97 1. Key findings 98 1.1 Reuse as an economic driver 99 1.2 Reuse as a driver of learning and acceptance 100 1.3 Recommendations 100 2. Conclusions 102 PAGE IV LIST OF TABLES LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Existing uses for CO2 9 Table 1.2 Emerging uses for CO2 11 Table 1.3 Current and future potential CO2 demand of existing uses 13 Table 1.4 Future potential CO2 demand of emerging uses 14 Table 2.1 Enhanced oil recovery summary 17 Table 2.2 Urea yield boosting summary 20 Table 2.3 Enhanced geothermal systems summary 22 Table 2.4 Polymer processing summary 24 Table 2.5 Algae cultivation summary 25 Table 2.6 Carbonate mineralisation technology summary 27 Table 2.7 CO2 for use in concrete curing summary 29 Table 2.8 Bauxite residue carbonation summary 30 Table 2.9 Liquid fuel production summary 33 Table 2.10 Enhanced coal bed methane recovery summary 36 Table 4.1 Technology maturity 42 Table 4.2 Potential cumulative demand and gross revenue estimates for reuse technologies to 2020 45 Table 4.3 LCA case study description and results 47 Table 5.1 EOR evaluation summary 59 Table 5.2 Urea yield boosting evaluation summary 60 Table 5.3 Enhanced geothermal systems evaluation summary 61 Table 5.4 Polymer processing evaluation summary 62 Table 5.5 Algae cultivation evaluation summary 63 Table 5.6 Carbonate mineralisation evaluation summary 64 Table 5.7 Concrete curing evaluation summary 65 Table 5.8 Bauxite residue carbonation evaluation summary 66 Table 5.9 Liquid fuel production evaluation summary 67 Table 5.10 Enhanced coal bed methane evaluation summary 68 Table 5.11 Evaluation scores 70 Table 6.1 Top five performing technologies for each objective 76 PAGE V LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Report structure 4 Figure 1.2 Part 1 and 2 structure 5 Figure 2.1 Enhanced oil recovery overview 17 Figure 2.2 Urea fertiliser production overview 20 Figure 2.3 Enhanced geothermal systems overview 21 Figure 2.4 Algae cultivation overview 25 Figure 2.5 Calera CMAP process overview 27 Figure 2.6 Bauxite residue carbonation overview 30 Figure 2.7 Renewable methanol production overview 32 Figure 2.8 Formic acid production overview 32 Figure 3.1 Technologies operating on concentrated CO2 versus dilute CO2 38 Figure 3.2 Permanent versus non-permanent storage 39 Figure 3.3 Technology categorisation 40 Figure 4.1 Technology development timeline 41 Figure 6.1 Potential to accelerate cost reductions for conventional capture plant 73 Figure 6.2 Potential to accelerate alternative forms of CCS 75 Figure 2.1 Approximate proportion of current CO2 demand by end use 82 Figure 2.2 Current global CO2 supply and demand 83 Figure 4.1 Plausible CCS experience curve for integrated power generation projects with CCS 90 Figure 4.2 Interaction of key costs and revenues 91 PAGE VI APPENDICES APPENDICES Appendix A: CO2 for use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) 104 Appendix B: CO2 as a feedstock for urea yield boosting 108 Appendix C: CO2 as a working fluid for Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) 111 Appendix D: CO2 as a feedstock for polymer processing 116 Appendix E: CO2 for use in algae cultivation 121 Appendix F: CO2 as feedstock for carbonate mineralisation 127 Appendix G: CO2 for concrete curing 133 Appendix H: CO2 for use in bauxite residue carbonation 136 Appendix I: CO2 as a feedstock for liquid fuel production 138 Appendix J: Enhanced coal bed methane recovery 142 Appendix K: Evaluation scores 147 Appendix L: Emerging technologies – demonstration projects and R&D studies 198 Appendix M: Edge Environment report 215 Appendix N: Reference list 254 PAGE VII GLOSSARY GLOSSARY %wt Percentage weight ABLE Alkalinity based on low energy ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials AU$ Australian dollars bbl Barrel bn Billion CaCO3 Calcium carbonate CaO Calcium oxide CAPEX Capital expenditure CARMA Carbon monitoring for action CCGT Combined cycle gas turbine CCS Carbon
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mechanism of Sulfur Poisoning by H2s and So2 of Nickel and Cobalt Based Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane
    MECHANISM OF SULFUR POISONING BY H2S AND SO2 OF NICKEL AND COBALT BASED CATALYSTS FOR DRY REFORMING OF METHANE A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Francisco Javier Pacheco Gómez © Copyright Francisco Javier Pacheco Gómez, March 2016. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis/dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by Professor Hui Wang who supervised my thesis work. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. DISCLAIMER The University of Saskatchewan was exclusively created to meet the thesis and/or exhibition requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the University of Saskatchewan. Reference in this thesis to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by the University of Saskatchewan.
    [Show full text]
  • Primus Green Energy P a G E | 0
    Primus Green Energy P a g e | 0 Primus Green Energy Alternative Drop-In Fuel Economical. Practical. Local. A 12-13 Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By _____________________ Daniel Tocco _____________________ Sam Miraglia _____________________ Joseph Giesecke Primus Green Energy P a g e | 1 Abstract Primus Green Energy project was an Interactive Qualifying project done by students at Worcester Polytechnic Institute to assess the projected impact of Primus Green Energy’s synthetic gasoline process in the transportation sector. Their effectiveness was evaluated on the potential to reduce the United States’ dependency on oil and to reduce the price of gasoline. Students calculated the ideal gasoline production for a single plant using numbers provided by Primus with biomass used as a feedstock. Other companies were researched and used to form a baseline comparison with Primus when tracking their progress and extrapolating current demonstration data to a larger scale. Primus Green Energy P a g e | 2 Acknowledgements We would like to thank Professor Robert W. Thompson for his time, effort, assistance, and insight as advisor over the course of the project. We would also like to thank the following individuals who corresponded with us on various subjects: Todd Keiler of Worcester Polytechnic Institute for his assistance in understanding patents and patent law; Tomi Maxted and Jerry Schranz of Beckerman Public Relations for their help in contacting Primus Green Energy; and Dr. Nan Li of Primus Green Energy for taking the time to answer questions specific to Primus’ plans and operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbon Capture Journal
    CCJ10:Layout 1 14/07/2009 10:50 Page 1 Doosan Babcock - the future of energy in the UK Sulzer - putting a chill on global warming July / August 2009 Issue 10 High rate CO2 injection into oil reservoirs for EOR and storage Cryogenic carbon capture technology Revaluing mine waste rock for carbon capture and storage Transporting CO2 by pipeline: US issues and opportunities Element Energy - new study into CO2 pipeline infrastructure CCJ10:Layout 1 14/07/2009 10:51 Page 2 www.senergyworld.com Your answer to carbon storage is here NEW CCS Training Course (1 Day) – Fee: £690 (Inc. VAT) Introduction to the Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide Highly acclaimed course now updated to incorporate current thinking on the workflows required to appraise and qualify storage sites. Instructors: Grahame Smith (Technical Head, Carbon Storage), Dr Mark Raistrick (Geologist and MMV Specialist) Banchory (Aberdeen) Thursday 1st October, 2009 London Thursday 8th October, 2009 For full course description and details visit www.senergyworld.com/training or email [email protected] Over 400 leading geological, geophysical, reservoir engineering and well engineering consultants across more than 15 international locations, engineering the smart solutions to your carbon storage challenges. Senergy - results driven by Brainergy® Site selection, injectivity, storage capacity, reservoir integrity, flow/phase studies, storage simulation, enhanced hydrocarbon recovery, monitoring, facilities requirements, commercial services. United Kingdom Ireland Norway Russia United
    [Show full text]
  • Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján Liliana Giraldo-Gutierrez Fernando Gómez
    Engineering Materials Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján Liliana Giraldo-Gutierrez Fernando Gómez-Granados Editors Porous Materials Theory and Its Application for Environmental Remediation Engineering Materials This series provides topical information on innovative, structural and functional materials and composites with applications in optical, electrical, mechanical, civil, aeronautical, medical, bio- and nano-engineering. The individual volumes are complete, comprehensive monographs covering the structure, properties, manufac- turing process and applications of these materials. This multidisciplinary series is devoted to professionals, students and all those interested in the latest developments in the Materials Science field, that look for a carefully selected collection of high quality review articles on their respective field of expertise. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/4288 Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján • Liliana Giraldo-Gutierrez • Fernando Gómez-Granados Editors Porous Materials Theory and Its Application for Environmental Remediation 123 Editors Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján Liliana Giraldo-Gutierrez Universidad de Los Andes Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá, Colombia Bogotá, Colombia Fernando Gómez-Granados Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá, Colombia ISSN 1612-1317 ISSN 1868-1212 (electronic) Engineering Materials ISBN 978-3-030-65990-5 ISBN 978-3-030-65991-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65991-2 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbon Dioxide Utilisation
    Indian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 51A, Sept-Oct 2012, pp. 1252-1262 Carbon dioxide utilisation Carbon dioxide – A potential raw material for the production of fuel, fuel additives and bio-derived chemicals Sivashunmugam Sankaranarayanan & Kannan Srinivasan* Discipline of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijibhai Bhadheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, India Email: [email protected]/ [email protected] Received 12 July 2012; revised and accepted 18 August 2012 Amongst the various greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere, carbon dioxide emission is the highest in terms of tonnage and has been identified as a predominant source contributing to climate change. Owing to its abundance through anthropogenic sources, it is highly desirable to utilize CO 2 to produce valuable products, in particular fuels and large volume chemicals, and thereby mitigate significantly its environmental impact. This review aims to cover the attempts made in utilizing CO 2 for the production of fuels, fuel additives and bio-derived chemicals, in particular organic carbonates. Although this review does not intend to encompass the literature in the holistic manner, it does endeavor to provide recent approaches, difficulties, challenges and offer perspective in the years to come on this important area of research. Keywords : Carbon dioxide utilization, Raw material for fuel production, Syngas, Methane, Dimethyl carbonate, Fatty cyclic carbonate, Glycerol carbonate Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is a greenhouse gas and occupies International Energy Outlook 2011, world’s energy the top position (more than 80 % in terms of amount related CO 2 emission is estimated to increase from for USA) in the overall emissions amongst other gases 30.2 billion metric tons (BMT) in 2008 to 35.2 and 5 such as carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4), 43.2 BMT in 2020 and 2035 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Bon Dioxide from Coal and Other Fossil Fuel Facilities
    S. HRG. 111–145 RANGE OF INNOVATIVE, NON-GEOLOGIC APPLICA- TIONS FOR THE BENEFICIAL REUSE OF CAR- BON DIOXIDE FROM COAL AND OTHER FOSSIL FUEL FACILITIES HEARING BEFORE A SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION SPECIAL HEARING MAY 6, 2009—WASHINGTON, DC Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 50–298 PDF WASHINGTON : 2009 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii, Chairman ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri TOM HARKIN, Iowa MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama HERB KOHL, Wisconsin JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire PATTY MURRAY, Washington ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota SUSAN COLLINS, Maine MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio JACK REED, Rhode Island LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey BEN NELSON, Nebraska MARK PRYOR, Arkansas JON TESTER, Montana ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania CHARLES J. HOUY, Staff Director BRUCE EVANS, Minority Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota, Chairman ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia ROBERT F.
    [Show full text]
  • Associated Gas Monetization Via Minigtl Conversion of Flared Gas Into Liquid Fuels & Chemicals Public Disclosure Authorized
    101578 Public Disclosure Authorized Associated Gas Monetization via miniGTL Conversion of flared gas into liquid fuels & chemicals Public Disclosure Authorized 2015: GTL is a commercial reality for flaring reduction Public Disclosure Authorized Report III Public Disclosure Authorized July 2015 1 Page left intentionally blank This report was prepared for the World Bank-Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership By Dr. Theo H Fleisch, Advisor The opinions and conclusions expressed in this report are those of Dr. Fleisch and do not represent recommendations or endorsements by the Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership or the World Bank. 2 TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Glossary 4 2. Executive Summary 5 3. Introduction 6 4. New technology providers 7 SGC Energia Maverick Synfuels AUM Energy Greenway Innovative Energy SACA Others: BFLS, Petro River/Havelide, GTC 5. The State of the Business 9 6. First commercial projects 12 7. Flare size applicability 14 8. Flare to GTL: Gas supply and treatment considerations 15 9. Economics of gas flare GTL projects 16 Find lowest cost feedstock Produce most valuable product Ongoing reductions in capex and opex 10. Conclusions 18 3 1 GLOSSARY AG Associated Gas ATR Autothermal Reformer Bpd barrels per day CAPEX Capital Expenditure CNG Compressed Natural Gas dbc Daily barrel capacity dtc Daily ton capacity DME Dimethyl Ether EPC Engineering Procurement Construction FEED Front End Engineering Design FID Final Investment Decision FPSO Floating Production Storage and Offloading FT Fischer Tropsch GGFR Global Gas Flaring
    [Show full text]
  • TECHNICAL GROUP CO2 Utilization Options Task Force Phase 1 Report
    CSLF-T-2012-14 14 September 2012 TECHNICAL GROUP CO2 Utilization Options Task Force Phase 1 Report Barbara N. McKee Tel: 1 301 903 3820 Fax: 1 301 903 1591 [email protected] CSLF-T-2012-14 14 September 2012 CSLF IS GOING GREEN* CO2 UTILIZATION OPTIONS TASK FORCE PHASE 1 REPORT Note by the Secretariat Background th At the 4 CSLF Ministerial Meeting, at Beijing, China in September 2011, the Technical Group approved a new multi-year Action Plan. “CO2 Utilization Options” is one of the twelve Actions that comprise the Action Plan, and the United States is leading a new Task Force that will focus on CO2 utilization options that have the potential to yield a significant, net reduction of CO2 emissions in sufficient volumes to make a meaningful contribution to global warming and climate change objectives. This document is the Task Force’s Phase 1 Report, which provides a summary of current knowledge of the use and re-use of CO2. Action Requested The Technical Group is requested to review the Task Force’s Phase 1 report. * Note: This document is available only electronically. Please print it prior to the CSLF meeting if you need a hardcopy. CO2 Utilization Options - Phase 1 Report Draft Version August 23, 2012 Prepared for Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum CO2 Utilization Options Task Force 1 Draft CO2 Utilization Options - Phase 1 Report Contents List of Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................4 1 Introduction and Scope ............................................................................................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • Third Draft Compilation
    Harnessing Coal’s Carbon Content to Advance the Economy, Environment, and Energy Security National Coal Council June 22, 2012 STUDY CHAIR Richard A. Bajura COAL POLICY COMMITTEE CHAIR Fredrick D. Palmer EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT & CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER Robert A. Beck TECHNICAL WORK GROUP CHAIR Frank Clemente The National Coal Council is a Federal Advisory Committee to the U.S. Secretary of Energy. The sole purpose of The National Coal Council is to advise, inform, and make recommendations to the Secretary on any matter requested by the Secretary relating to coal or the coal industry. 1 Table of Contents Main Text Executive Summary …………………………………………………………….3 Chapter 1 – Energy, Socioeconomic, and Regulatory Context ………………..11 Chapter 2 – Economic, employment, and energy stimulus……………….........39 Chapter 3 – Carbon Capture in Coal Power Generation ….………………........71 Chapter 4 – Enhanced Oil Recovery Technology …………………………. ...115 Chapter 5 – Coupling EOR with plant operations …………………………… 153 Chapter 6 – Linking CO2 from Synfuel and Coproduction to CO2 EOR……...168 Chapter 7 – Other Uses for Coal and Carbon Dioxide ………………………. 190 Appendices (attached separately) Appendix 3A – Technical and Economic Background Analysis in Support of Chapter 3 Appendix 3B – Background on Synthetic Fuels Technologies Appendix 6A – Tables Summarizing Implications of the Two Thought Experiment Appendix 6B – On Technology … Coproduction Plant Coprocessing Coal and Biomass Appendix 6C – R&D Priorities for Advancing Coproduction with Coal/Biomass Coprocessing Appendix
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative Fuels - Technologies and Commercial Status
    Alternative Fuels - Technologies and Commercial Status Gary J. Stiegel Director, Major Projects Division July 19, 2013 National Energy Technology Laboratory Presentation Outline • Introduction • Products from Coal • Alternative Fuel Technologies – Direct Coal Hydrogenation – Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis – Methanol-to-Gasoline & Diesel • Existing Plants – Direct Coal Liquefaction – Indirect Coal Liquefaction • Fischer-Tropsch – Gas-to Liquids • Methanol-to-Gasoline • Fischer-Tropsch – Non-Fuel U.S. Commercial Projects • Synthetic Natural Gas • Chemicals • Announced Projects • Economics of Alternative Fuels U.S. Liquid Fuels Supply million barrels per day History 2011 Projections Biofuels excluding imports 12% Natural gas plant liquids 17% 5% 7% 38% 1% (300 Mbbl/d) Liquids from natural gas and coal Petroleum production 38% 45% Net petroleum and biofuel imports 37% Source: Sieminski, Energy Information Administration, AEO2013 Early Release Rollout Presentation, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, December 5, 2012, Washington, D.C. GTL (Diesel) Role in U.S. Transportation U.S. natural gas consumption quadrillion Btu 3.0 History 2011 Projections 2.5 Equivalent to 2.0 ~200 MBPD Gas to liquids 1.5 Freight 1% 1.0 trucks 1% Buses 0.5 Light-duty vehicles 3% Pipeline fuel 0.0 95% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Source: Adam Sieminski , U.S. Energy Information Administration, Status and outlook for shale gas and tight oil development in the U.S , CERAWEEK 2013, North American Energy , March
    [Show full text]
  • Lost Hopes for CCS – Added Urgency for Renewable Energy Jeffrey H.Michel
    AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE SERIES 28 Lost hopes for CCS – added urgency for renewable energy Jeffrey H.Michel Air Pollution & Climate Secretariat AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE SERIES 28 Lost hopes for CCS – added urgency for renewable energy By Jeffrey H.Michel About the author: The author, Jeffrey H. Michel, is an energy policy specialist living in Germany and the USA. He received a Bachelor’s Degree in Humanities and Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a Master’s Degree in Electrical Engi- neering from Tulane University. Cover illustration: Lars-Erik Håkansson (Lehån). Layout: Sven Ängermark, Language consultant: Malcolm Berry, Seven G Translations, UK ISBN: 978-91-979623-0-8 Published in June 2013 by the Air Pollution & Climate Secretariat (Reinhold Pape) Address: AirClim, Norra Allegatan 5, 41301 Göteborg, Sweden. Phone: +46(0)31 711 45 15. Website: www.airclim.org. The Secretariat is a joint project by Friends of the Earth Sweden, Nature and Youth Sweden, the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Sweden. Further copies can be obtained free of charge from the publisher, address as above. The report is also available in pdf format at www.airclim.org. The views expressed here are those of the author and not necessarily those of the publisher. Executive Summary The combustion of fossil fuels has dramatically increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere. In addition to correlated global warming trends, ocean pH levels are steadily declining. To preclude the de- trimental effects of manmade carbon emissions on the environment, a radical shift to low-CO2 energy production is required.
    [Show full text]
  • Review on Innovative Catalytic Reforming of Natural Gas to Syngas
    World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2016, 4, 116-139 Published Online February 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/wjet http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2016.41011 Review on Innovative Catalytic Reforming of Natural Gas to Syngas Salwa A. Ghoneim*, Radwa A. El-Salamony, Seham A. El-Temtamy Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt Received 7 December 2015; accepted 21 February 2016; published 25 February 2016 Copyright © 2016 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Decreasing supplies of high quality crude oil and increasing demand for high quality distillates have motivated the interest in converting natural gas to liquid fuels, especially with the present boom in natural gas proven reserves. Nevertheless, one major issue is the curtailment of costs in- curred in producing synthesis gas from natural gas, which account for approximately 60% of the costs used in producing liquid fuels. While there are three main routes to convert natural gas to syngas: steam reforming (SMR), partial Oxidation (POX) and auto-thermal reforming (ATR). Sig- nificant new developments and improvements in these technologies, established innovative processes to minimize greenhouse gases emission, minimize energy consumption, enhance syngas processes, adjust the desired H2/CO ratio and change the baseline economics. This article reviews the state of the art for the reforming of natural gas to synthesis gas taking into consideration all the new innovations in both processes and catalysis. Keywords Natural Gas, Reforming Processes Technology, Syngas, Reforming Catalysts 1.
    [Show full text]