Kaapista Kaanoniin Ja Takaisin. Johanna Sinisalon, Pirkko Saision Ja Helena Sinervon Teosten Queer-Poliittisia Luentoja

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Kaapista Kaanoniin Ja Takaisin. Johanna Sinisalon, Pirkko Saision Ja Helena Sinervon Teosten Queer-Poliittisia Luentoja B81etukansi.kesken.fm Page 1 Tuesday, October 2, 2007 11:49 AM B 81 OULU 2007 B 81 UNIVERSITY OF OULU P.O. Box 7500 FI-90014 UNIVERSITY OF OULU FINLAND ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS ACTA B SERIES EDITORS Sanna Karkulehto HUMANIORA SannaKarkulehto ASCIENTIAE RERUM NATURALIUM Professor Mikko Siponen KAAPISTA KAANONIIN BHUMANIORA JA TAKAISIN Professor Harri Mantila JOHANNA SINISALON, PIRKKO SAISION JA HELENA CTECHNICA Professor Juha Kostamovaara SINERVON TEOSTEN QUEER-POLIITTISIA LUENTOJA DMEDICA Professor Olli Vuolteenaho ESCIENTIAE RERUM SOCIALIUM Senior Assistant Timo Latomaa FSCRIPTA ACADEMICA Communications Officer Elna Stjerna GOECONOMICA Senior Lecturer Seppo Eriksson EDITOR IN CHIEF Professor Olli Vuolteenaho EDITORIAL SECRETARY Publications Editor Kirsti Nurkkala HUMANISTINEN TIEDEKUNTA,, TAIDEAINEIDEN JA ANTROPOLOGIAN LAITOS, OULUN YLIOPISTO ISBN 978-951-42-8610-0 (Paperback) ISBN 978-951-42-8611-7 (PDF) ISSN 0355-3205 (Print) ISSN 1796-2218 (Online) ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS B Humaniora 81 SANNA KARKULEHTO KAAPISTA KAANONIIN JA TAKAISIN Johanna Sinisalon, Pirkko Saision ja Helena Sinervon teosten queer-poliittisia luentoja Esitetään Oulun yliopiston humanistisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi Linnanmaan Kuusamonsalissa (YB210) 20. lokakuuta 2007 klo 12.00 OULUN YLIOPISTO, OULU 2007 Copyright © 2007 Acta Univ. Oul. B 81, 2007 Työn ohjaaja Liisi Huhtala Esitarkastajat Dosentti Marja Kaskisaari Filosofian tohtori Kukku Melkas ISBN 978-951-42-8610-0 (Paperback) ISBN 978-951-42-8611-7 (PDF) http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9789514286117/ ISSN 0355-3205 (Printed) ISSN 1796-2218 (Online) http://herkules.oulu.fi/issn03553205/ Kannen suunnittelu Raimo Ahonen OULU UNIVERSITY PRESS OULU 2007 Karkulehto, Sanna, From Closet to Canon and Back: Queer Political Reading and the Novels of Johanna Sinisalo, Pirkko Saisio and Helena Sinervo Faculty of Humanities, Department of Art Studies and Anthropology, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 1000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland Acta Univ. Oul. B 81, 2007 Oulu, Finland Abstract The present study examines three novels by Finnish women – Johanna Sinisalo, Pirkko Saisio and Helena Sinervo – each of whom has received the Finlandia Prize for fiction. The novels Ennen päivänlaskua ei voi (2000), Punainen erokirja (2003) and Runoilijan talossa (2004) are analysed in the context of contemporary cultural change in which queer themes have become not only a visible part of cultural representations of gender and sexuality but also active constituents of the established cultural canon. The study considers the varieties of gendered and sexual meaning which are generated by this fiction and – as the novels in question deal with non-normative sexuality – it also discusses how these issues were manifested in their reception. Additionally, it investigates the problematics of a literary genre which thematises non-normative sexuality. Beyond its engagement with the interrelationship between the selected novels (along with their social context) and the present culture, institutions and canon, the study also concerns itself with the question of how non-normative sexuality is addressed and discussed in literature and its reception. The novels are examined as products of a context in which their publication had seemed like a swift, yet appropriate, response to a cultural need for the creation of new, 'liberal' and 'progressive' queer representations. In addition, they are approached as works with specific queer-political agendas, aimed at opposing and deranging the hetero establishment. The analysis of the novels is consequently grounded in the politics of performativity, queer theory and the problematics of its domestic contextualisation, taking account, too, of the intersection between performativity and queer reading. This methodology is called queer political reading. The novels under investigation participate in the cultural, societal, social and discursive processes that use gender and sexuality to construct meaning. The fact that they have also received the Finlandia Prize connects them to a wider context, into a contemporary culture and society, which places sexuality at its centre. Where wide and far-reaching gender issues, brought about by cultural, intellectual, judicial and political changes, marked the turn of the 20th century, the turn of the present century is more explicitly sexual in character, facilitated by contemporary phenomena – such as the epochal changes in theories of gender and sexuality, or legislation and presentations of sexual culture, which have manifested themselves over recent years. Nevertheless, it would seem that discussions of queerness tend to remain allusive and implied rather than explicit, taking not only peculiar but also traditional forms, in which the rhetoric of the closet is used extensively. On the one hand, queerness is quite visible in representations of sexuality. But on the other hand, the reception of that queerness remains largely in the closet. This suggests that – particularly on institutional levels – queer themes can be rendered explicit only when it remains contextually suitable. Keywords: bisexuality, heteronormativity, homosexuality, lesbianism, literary studies, queer studies, the Finlandia Prize Karkulehto, Sanna, Kaapista kaanoniin ja takaisin. Johanna Sinisalon, Pirkko Saision ja Helena Sinervon teosten queer-poliittisia luentoja Humanistinen tiedekunta, Oulun yliopisto, Taideaineiden ja antropologian laitos, Oulun yliopisto, PL 1000, 90014 Oulun yliopisto Acta Univ. Oul. B 81, 2007 Oulu Tiivistelmä Tutkimus tarkastelee kolmen kirjallisuuden Finlandia-palkinnolla palkitun naiskirjailijan, Johanna Sinisalon, Pirkko Saision ja Helena Sinervon palkintoromaaneja Ennen päivänlaskua ei voi (2000), Punainen erokirja (2003) ja Runoilijan talossa (2004). Teoksia analysoidaan osana nykyistä kult- tuurista käännettä, jossa heteronormatiivisuutta kyseenalaistavat, queerit kulttuurituotteet ovat tul- leet osaksi sukupuolen ja seksuaalisuuden kulttuurisia esityksiä ja jopa osaksi hyväksyttyä kulttuu- rista kaanonia. Tutkimuksessa kysytään, millaisia sukupuolen ja seksuaalisuuden merkityksiä Sini- salon, Saision ja Sinervon normienvastaista seksuaalisuutta käsittelevät teokset tuottavat ja miten aiheet tulevat esille vastaanotossa. Lisäksi pohditaan normienvastaisia seksuaalisuuksia käsittele- vän kirjallisuuden lajiproblematiikkaa. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan paitsi teosten, myös niiden yhteiskunnallisen kontekstin kautta nykyistä kulttuuriin ja sen instituutioihin ja jopa kaanoniin kytkeytyviä tapoja, joilla normien vas- taisista seksuaalisuuksista puhutaan ja kirjoitetaan sekä kirjallisuudessa että sen vastaanotossa. Romaaneja tutkitaan siinä kulttuurisessa kontekstissa, jossa niiden julkaiseminen vaikuttaa äkkisel- tään sopivalta vastaukselta kulttuurin tarpeeseen saada uudenlaista, "vapaamielisyydestä" ja "edis- tyksellisyydestä" kertovia queer-esityksiä. Toisaalta niitä lähestytään teoksina, joilla on queer- poliittisia, heterojärjestystä vastustamaan ja sekoittamaan pyrkiviä tavoitteita. Teosten tarkastelu lii- tetään osaksi performatiivisuuden politiikkojen sekä queer-teoretisoinnin ja sen kotimaisen konteks- tualisoinnin problematiikan tutkimusta, performatiivisen ja queer-luennan risteyskohtaan. Tätä tut- kimuksen menetelmää kutsutaan queer-poliittiseksi luennaksi. Sinisalon, Saision ja Sinervon romaanit osallistuvat osaltaan siihen kulttuuriseen, yhteiskunnal- liseen, sosiaaliseen ja diskursiiviseen prosessiin, jossa työstetään ja rakennetaan sukupuolten ja sek- suaalisuuksien merkityksiä. Se, että ne ovat saaneet myös kirjallisuuden Finlandia-palkinnon, kiin- nittää ne laajempaan kontekstiin, nykykulttuuriin ja -yhteiskuntaan, joiden keskeiseksi kysymyk- seksi seksuaalisuus on muotoutunut. Siinä missä 1800–1900-lukujen vaihdetta kuvasti laaja ja kau- askantoinen sukupuoliproblematiikka, jolle aikaan sidottu kulttuurinen, intellektuaalinen, oikeusjär- jestelmällinen ja poliittinen muutos raivasi tilaa, tämän vuosisadanvaihteen murros liittyy seksuaali- suuteen, jonka raivaajina ovat samankaltaiset, omaan aikaansa kytkeytyneet ilmiöt: jopa käänteen- tekevät muutokset sukupuoli- ja seksuaaliteorioissa, lainsäädännöissä ja seksuaalisuuden kulttuuri- sissa esityksissä. Näyttäisi kuitenkin siltä, että julkisissa keskusteluissa queeriudesta ei vieläkään puhuta kaikissa yhteyksissä suoraan vaan vihjaillen ja mitä eriskummallisimmin mutta usein silti hyvin perinteisin, kaapin retoriikkaa hyväkseen käyttävin sanankääntein: queer on yhtäältä kovin läsnä ja pinnassa seksuaalisuuden representaatioissa, mutta samalla esimerkiksi vastaanotossa monin ehdoin kaapis- sa. Näyttäisi siltä, että piilevästä queeriudesta huolimatta etenkin instituutiotasolla queer-tematiik- ka on näkyvää vain silloin, kun se on paikan ja tilanteen mukaan sopivaa. Asiasanat: biseksuaalisuus, Finlandia-palkinto, heteronormatiivisuus, homoseksuaalisuus, kirjallisuudentutkimus, lesbolaisuus, queer-tutkimus Kiitokset On käsittämätöntä olla vaiheessa, jossa kirjoitettavana on enää osuus, jota ei tar- vitse miettiä, koska se sanellaan suoraan sydämestä. Sydämeni lähimmät, Eveliina, Mikko, Liisa, Veikko, Erick, Mussu, Matti: kiitos. Kiitos jaksamisesta, kiitos uhrautumisesta, kiitos antamastanne ajasta – omasta ja yhteisestä. Helenan ja Tapion perheelle kiitos tuesta ja turvallisesta kiintopisteestä elämässäni, jossa oma perheen käsitteeni on varioinut ja polveillut. Erityiset kiitokset perhekäsitykseni kontekstissa haluan osoittaa sieluni sisarelle,
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