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At the Mercy of the Tsar. Kingdom of Poland

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At the Mercy of the Tsar. Kingdom of Poland At the mercy of the Tsar. Kingdom of Poland At the mercy of the Tsar. Kingdom of Poland Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) At the mercy of the Tsar. Kingdom of Poland View from Castle Square to Krakowskie Przedmieście Source: Widok z Placu Zamkowego na Krakowskie Przedmieście, domena publiczna. Link to the lesson You will learn what the achievements of the Kingdom of Poland in the field of economy, culture and education were ; what the assumptions of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland of 1815 were. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie abstraktu In 1815 the Duchy of Warsaw was abolished and replaced by the Congress Poland. It was a constitutional monarchy connected with the Russian Empire by a personal union. The internal system of the state was regulated by the Constitution of the Congress Poland, which was developed under the direction of Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski and based on the French model. The most liberal in Europe constitution was respected neither by Grand Adam Jerzy Czartoryski Duke Konstantin nor by Polish politicians Source: Felix Nadar, Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, before 1861, obedient to Russia. The brutal actions of the domena publiczna. Russians and the violation of civil and national liberties by the Russian authorities aroused social resistance. In the aftermath of the Congress of Vienna, the cultural life of the country was revived. The Society of Friends of Learning, founded in 1800, played an important role in the intellectual life of the capital of the Congress Poland. The biggest Polish cities —= Warsaw, Cracow, Lviv and Vilnius — opened their own permanent theatres. A breakthrough in the history of the Congress Poland was the opening of the University of Warsaw in 1816. The Kingdom of Poland has also seen a rapid increase in the number of elementary schools and secondary schools. The Minister of the Treasury, Prince Franciszek Ksawery Lubecki‐Drucki, took care of the economic development of the country. Three industrial centres developed in the Kingdom of Poland: the Łódź Industrial Region, the Old‐Polish Industrial Region and the Dąbrowa Basin. Task 1 Recall if the Congress Poland differed from the Duchy of Warsaw in terms of the territory. Find on the map the Congress Poland and the areas annexed in 1815 to other paroning countries: The Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. What are the names given to them? Find on the map the borderland of the former Republic of Poland (the so-called Western Krai, i.e. Lithuanian-Russian lands), annexed to the Russian Empire. Indicate Vilnius. Division of the Polish lands Source: Krysan Chariza i zespół, Podział ziem polskich, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0. Task 2 Listen to selected excerpts from the Constuon of the Congress Poland of 1815. What civil and naonal liberes did it guarantee? Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie lektorskie The constitutional law of the Kingdom of Poland “ from November 27, 1815 Art. 1. The Kingdom of Poland is connected with the Russian Empire forever. […] Art. 3. The crown of the Kingdom of Poland is hereditary for our descendants, heirs and successors according to the order of succession, established for the imperial-Russian throne. […] Art. 10. […] The Polish army will never be used beyond the Europe. […] Art. 11. The Catholic-Roman religion professed by the largest part of the residents of the Kingdom of Poland will be the subject of special government care, without offending the freedom of other religions, which all rites without the exclusion can be fully and publicly under the protecon of the government celebrated. The diversity of Chrisan religions will not be an obstacle to the use of civil and polical rights. […] Art. 16. Freedom of prinng is guaranteed […]. Art. 17. The law extends its protecon to all cizens without any difference in status and calling. […] Art. 19. No one will be detained without a reason, only according to norms and in cases marked by law. […] Art. 28. All public acvies: administrave, judicial and military without any exclusion will take place in Polish language. […] Art. 31. The Polish naon will have for eternity a naonal representaon in the Sejm composed of the king and two chambers, where the first will consist of the senate and the second one of depues and councillors from municipalies. […] Art. 87. The ordinary sejm has a session every two years in Warsaw at the me indicated by the act of calling the session issued by the king. It will last thirty days. Only the King can extend, postpone or dissolve it. […] Art. 89. During the Sejm cadence, it is not allowed to detain or file a criminal lawsuit against a deputy unless it is authorized by the chamber to which he belongs. […] Art. 124. The king has the right to dissolve the chamber of depues. When this law is used, the current Sejm does not exist anymore and the king orders new elecons of depues and councillors within two months. […] Art. 138. The judiciary system is constuonally independent. Art. 139. Independence of judge is understood as freedom in declaring his opinion in trial without being influenced by supreme and ministerial authories or by any other reason. Any other term or translaon of the judge's independence is considered as an abuse. […] Art. 156. The army will keep the colors of its uniforms, its proper outfit and everything regarding its naonality. […] Art. 160. Polish civil and military orders, which is: Order of the White Eagle, Order of Saint Stanislaus and the Order of the Military Cross are maintained. […] Recognizing in our conscience that this constuonal law corresponds to our fatherly intenons, striving to maintain peace in all classes subjected to our Kingdom Polish peace, harmony and unity so necessary for their free existence and to establish the happiness that we desire to win for them - we issue this constuonal law that we adopt for ourselves and for our successors. We also order to all public authories to comply with it. It happened in the Royal Castle in Warsaw on November 27, 1815 Alexander Source: The constuonal law of the Kingdom of Poland from November 27, 1815. Task 3 Analyse data showing the state of elementary educaon in the Congress Poland. Evaluate the effects of personnel changes in the Ministry of Educaon carried out in 1820. Years Number of public schools Number of students 1816 720 23 101 1819 1202 37 296 1823 711 18 620 Task 4 Read the informaon about the University of Warsaw and list the professions that its graduates could perform. Analyse the stascal material and determine in which year the university was most popular among students. The University of Warsaw was established in 1816 as a result of the merger of the Law School established in 1808, the Medical School established in 1809 and the School of Administrave Sciences established in 1811. It had its own astronomical observatory, botanical garden and library. It educated in medicine, philosophy, science and fine arts, theology, law and administraon. Students of the University of Warsaw during the Congress Poland me Fine arts exhibion in Warsaw in 1828 Source: Wincenty Kasprzycki, Fine arts exhibion in Warsaw in 1828, 1828, oil on canvas, domena publiczna. Academic years Number of students 1817/18 209 1819/20 404 1820/21 524 1821/22 568 Academic years Number of students 1822/23 522 1823/24 602 1824/25 694 1825/26 779 1826/27 638 1827/28 653 1828/29 773 1829/30 964 Task 5 Read the text below. List the achievements of Minister Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki. Napoleon's war with Russia in 1812 and the two-year Russian occupaon aer his defeat in Moscow contributed to the destrucon of the country and the weakening of its economy. The poor financial situaon of society exacerbated the deadlock. Peasants were burdened with serfdom and high taxes. The nobility was indebted, and the wealthy bourgeoisie mostly lost their fortunes. The Congress Poland's well-being was threatened by a large government deficit and financial claims of Austria and Prussia. The economic situaon of the Congress Poland was saved by Prince Franciszek Ksawery Lubecki-Drucki. He was the head of the Ministry of the Treasury, then known as the Ministry of Revenues and Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki Treasury. He has negoated favourable Source: Marie-Eugénie Prévot Gomier, Portrait of Franciszek agreements with neighbouring countries on the Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, 1825, oil on canvas, Naonal financial obligaons of the Congress Poland. Museum in Warsaw, domena publiczna. He imposed high taxes and ensured their consistent collecon (even through military requision). The government of the Congress Poland supported the introducon and selement of crasmen. It acvely supported the development of the domesc texle industry by granng loans to open new plants. The development of the state mining was also taken care of. Three industrial centres developed in the Congress Poland: the Łódź Industrial Region, the Old-Polish Industrial Region and the Dąbrowa Basin. The centre in Łódź consisted of cloth factories, and the Old-Polish and Dąbrowa centres were the centres of mining and metallurgy. Government and private investment in industry and modernisaon of the rural economy made possible creang two new instuons established by the Minister: Towarzystwo Kredytowe Ziemskie (Landowners' Credit Company) and Bank Polski (Bank of Poland), established in 1828. Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Select the instuons and organisaons established or the investments started in the mes of the Congress Poland. Medical School Law School Society of Friends of Learning Vilnius University Landowners’ Credit Association Augustów Canal Government Institute for Female Education University of Warsaw Bank of Poland Keywords Congress Poland, Russian Partition, constitution Glossary constuon Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: constitution konstytucja – prawo określające ustrój państwa oraz sytuacje prawną jednostki wobec władz; jest nadrzędna wobec innych praw elementary school Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: elementary school szkoła elementarna – dawne określenie szkoły podstawowej Lesson plan (Polish) Temat: Na łasce cara.
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