Mouse Pgam5 Conditional Knockout Project (CRISPR/Cas9)
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A Review of the New HGNC Gene Family Resource Kristian a Gray1*, Ruth L Seal1, Susan Tweedie1, Mathew W Wright1,2 and Elspeth a Bruford1
Gray et al. Human Genomics (2016) 10:6 DOI 10.1186/s40246-016-0062-6 REVIEW Open Access A review of the new HGNC gene family resource Kristian A Gray1*, Ruth L Seal1, Susan Tweedie1, Mathew W Wright1,2 and Elspeth A Bruford1 Abstract The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) approves unique gene symbols and names for human loci. As well as naming genomic loci, we manually curate genes into family sets based on shared characteristics such as function, homology or phenotype. Each HGNC gene family has its own dedicated gene family report on our website, www.genenames.org. We have recently redesigned these reports to support the visualisation and browsing of complex relationships between families and to provide extra curated information such as family descriptions, protein domain graphics and gene family aliases. Here, we review how our gene families are curated and explain how to view, search and download the gene family data. Keywords: Gene families, Human, Gene symbols, HGNC, BioMart, Genes Background Therefore, we provide a service that is not available any- Grouping human genes together into gene families helps where else. the scientific and clinical community to quickly find re- The core task of the HGNC is to approve unique and lated sets of genes in order to plan studies and interpret informative gene symbols and names for human genes, existing data. There are many resources available that many of which have been requested directly by re- group genes together based on specific product func- searchers via the ‘Gene symbol request form’ [12] on our tions such as Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes Database website. -
The Role of PGAM5 in Regulating Viral Infection and the Pathogenesis of Intestinal Inflammation
The role of PGAM5 in regulating viral infection and the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation Der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. vorgelegt von Yuqiang Yu 1 Als Dissertation genehmigt von der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 1st July 2021 Vorsitzender des Promotionsorgans: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Achtziger Gutachter/in: Prof. Dr. Falk Nimmerjahn Prof. Dr. Christoph Becker 2 Table of contents Table of contents 1 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 6 2 Zusammenfassung................................................................................................. 7 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 9 3.1 PGAM5 ............................................................................................................. 9 Structure and expression ........................................................................... 9 PGAM5 acts as a regulator in cell death pathways................................... 10 The role of PGAM5 in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway ........................... 14 PGAM5 in the NLRP3 inflammasome ...................................................... 14 PGAM5 activity is linked to multimerization .............................................. 15 3.2 Cellular defense -
Definition of Biological Responses Through the Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles
UNIVERSITY OF UDINE DOCTORATE COURSE IN BIOMEDICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES CICLE XVII RESEARCH DOCTORATE THESIS DEFINITION OF BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES Candidate: Raffaella Picco Tutor: Prof. Claudio Brancolini Prof. Federico Fogolari ACADEMIC YEAR 2014/2015 A Marian, a Carla e alle mie figlie TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT 1 2. INTRODUCTION 3 2.1 MICROARRAY 3 MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY 3 IMAGE ANALYSIS 5 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF THE DATA 9 QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF AFFYMETRIX GENECHIP 9 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES 11 CLUSTERING 12 PCA 13 PUBLIC DATABASES OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES 14 BIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS 14 2.2 CASPASES 15 CASPASE-2 16 CASPASES in the Central Nervous System (CNS) 20 2.3 CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA 21 Principal genetic alterations in CLL 23 3. MATERIAL AND METHODS 25 PIPELINE 25 Packages installation 25 Preprocessing 26 Quality Assessment of Affymetrix GeneChip 26 RNA degradation 27 Probe Level Model (PLM) 28 Filtering 29 Annotating a platform 29 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEG) selection 31 Model fitting 31 Paired samples 32 Annotation insertion 33 Correlations and heatmap 33 Partial Least Square (PLS) regression 35 AWK 35 Shell scripts 35 Graphics 36 4. RESULTS and DISCUSSION 39 4.1 RESULTS OF THE FIRST PART 39 4.2 RESULTS OF THE SECOND PART 41 5. ADDITIONAL WORK 52 5.1 Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of miRNAs Expression in Control and FSHD Myogenesis 52 5.2 Synthesis, Characterization, and Optimization for in Vivo Delivery of a Nonselective Isopeptidase Inhibitor as New Antineoplastic Agent 53 6. CONCLUSIONS 55 7. APPENDIX 57 7.1 Scripts – part 1 57 7.2 Scripts – part 2 60 8. -
Phosphatase Regulation by the Ovarian Oncoprotein URI1
Research Collection Doctoral Thesis Phosphatase regulation by the ovarian oncoprotein URI1 Author(s): Jonasch, Helene Publication Date: 2015 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010399708 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library DISS. ETH NO. 22593 Phosphatase regulation by the ovarian oncoprotein URI1 A thesis submitted to attain the degree of DOCTOR OF SCIENCES of ETH ZURICH (Dr. sc. ETH Zurich) presented by HELENE JONASCH M.Sc. in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel born on 21.07.1987 citizen of Austria accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Krek Prof. Dr. Ian Frew Prof. Dr. med. Holger Moch 2015 Abstract URI1 encodes an unconventional member of the prefoldin family of molecular chaperones that is amplified in a variety of carcinomas including small-cell lung, gastric, breast, and ovarian cancer. Exisiting evidence suggests that the excessive production of URI1 in URI1-amplifed cancer cells fuels evasion from apoptosis. In this setting, mitochondria-localized URI1 detains phosphatase 1 gamma (PP1γ) in inactive complexes thereby sustains S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) survival signaling under conditions of nutrient and/or growth factor deprivation stress. These data suggest that in URI1-amplified cancers such as ovarian cancer, URI1 has properties of an addicting oncogene. To unveil potential novel URI1 oncoprotein functions at mitochondria, we embarked on the identification of URI1-associated mitochondrial proteins. We found the protein phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1α) to assembly into heterotrimeric complexes with URI1 and PP1γ to regulate URI1 phosphorylation alone or in collaboration with PP1γ in a cell type-specific manner. -
Atypical Protein Phosphatases: Emerging Players in Cellular Signaling
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 4596-4612; doi:10.3390/ijms14034596 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Review Atypical Protein Phosphatases: Emerging Players in Cellular Signaling Daichi Sadatomi 1, Susumu Tanimura 1, Kei-ichi Ozaki 1 and Kohsuke Takeda 1,2,* 1 Division of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; E-Mails: [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (K.O.) 2 Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-95-819-2417; Fax: +81-95-819-2472. Received: 25 January 2013; in revised form: 18 February 2013 / Accepted: 20 February 2013 / Published: 26 February 2013 Abstract: It has generally been considered that protein phosphatases have more diverse catalytic domain structures and mechanisms than protein kinases; however, gene annotation efforts following the human genome project appeared to have completed the whole array of protein phosphatases. Ser/Thr phosphatases are divided into three subfamilies that have different structures from each other, whereas Tyr phosphatases and dual-specificity phosphatases targeting Tyr, Ser and Thr belong to a single large family based on their common structural features. Several years of research have revealed, however, the existence of unexpected proteins, designated here as “atypical protein phosphatases”, that have structural and enzymatic features different from those of the known protein phosphatases and are involved in important biological processes. -
1 1 2 Bacterial Ftsz Induces Mitochondrial Fission in Human Cells
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.24.917146; this version posted January 24, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 2 3 Bacterial FtsZ induces mitochondrial fission in human cells 4 5 6 7 Anna Spier 1,2,3,4,$, Martin Sachse 5, Nam To Tham 1,2,3, $, Mariette Matondo 6,7, Pascale 8 Cossart 1,2,3, and Fabrizia Stavru 1,2,3,8,$,#,* 9 10 11 1 Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France 12 2 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U604, Paris, France 13 3 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), USC2020, Paris, France 14 4 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France 15 5 Unité Technologie et service BioImagerie Ultrastructurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 16 France 17 6 Plateforme Protéomique, Unité de Spectrometrie de Masse pour Biologie (UTechS 18 MSBio), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France 19 7 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), USR 2000, Paris, France 20 8 CNRS SNC5101, Paris, France 21 $ present address : Unité de Biologie Evolutive de la Cellule Microbienne, Institut 22 Pasteur, Paris, France 23 # CNRS ERL6002, Paris, France 24 25 26 27 * Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to 28 [email protected], lead contact 29 30 Keywords: mitochondrial division, bacterial division, Drp1, mtDNA, inner mitochondrial 31 membrane 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.24.917146; this version posted January 24, 2020. -
Systematic Analysis of Mouse Genome Reveals Distinct Evolutionary and Functional Properties Among Circadian and Ultradian Genes
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/197111; this version posted March 30, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Systematic analysis of mouse genome reveals distinct evolutionary and functional properties among circadian and ultradian genes Stefano Castellana 1†, Tommaso Mazza 1†, Daniele Capocefalo 1, Nikolai Genov 2,3, Tommaso Biagini 1, Caterina Fusilli 1, Felix Scholkmann 4,5, Angela Relógio 2,3, John B. Hogenesch 6, Gianluigi Mazzoccoli 7* 1 Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy 2 Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité–Universitätsmedizin and Humboldt University, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; 3 Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; 4 Research Office for Complex Physical and Biological Systems (ROCoS), 8091Zurich, Switzerland; 5 Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland 6 Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45215, United States; 7 Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy † These authors contributed equally to this article * Corresponding author: Gianluigi Mazzoccoli, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Cappuccini Avenue, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), 71013 Italy; email: [email protected] ABSTRACT In living organisms, biological clocks regulate 24 h (circadian) molecular, physiological, and behavioral rhythms to maintain homeostasis and synchrony with predictable environmental changes. Harmonics of these circadian rhythms having periods of 8 hours and 12 hours (ultradian) have been documented in several species. -
PGAM5 Promotes Lasting Foxo Activation After Developmental
RESEARCH ARTICLE PGAM5 promotes lasting FoxO activation after developmental mitochondrial stress and extends lifespan in Drosophila Martin Borch Jensen1, Yanyan Qi1, Rebeccah Riley1, Liya Rabkina1, Heinrich Jasper1,2* 1Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States; 2Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States Abstract The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) has been associated with long lifespan across metazoans. In Caenorhabditis elegans, mild developmental mitochondrial stress activates UPRmt reporters and extends lifespan. We show that similar developmental stress is necessary and sufficient to extend Drosophila lifespan, and identify Phosphoglycerate Mutase 5 (PGAM5) as a mediator of this response. Developmental mitochondrial stress leads to activation of FoxO, via Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1) and Jun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK). This activation persists into adulthood and induces a select set of chaperones, many of which have been implicated in lifespan extension in flies. Persistent FoxO activation can be reversed by a high- protein diet in adulthood, through mTORC1 and GCN-2 activity. Accordingly, the observed lifespan extension is prevented on a high-protein diet and in FoxO-null flies. The diet-sensitivity of this pathway has important implications for interventions that seek to engage the UPRmt to improve metabolic health and longevity. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26952.001 Introduction *For correspondence: A wide range of studies in genetically accessible model systems have led to the realization that [email protected] aging is a malleable process, responsive to both genetic and pharmacological interventions. An inte- Competing interests: The grated view of the aging process has emerged from these efforts, spurred by the identification of a authors declare that no select group of biological processes and pathways that drive, influence, and regulate the physical competing interests exist.