Mouse Pgam5 Conditional Knockout Project (CRISPR/Cas9)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mouse Pgam5 Conditional Knockout Project (CRISPR/Cas9) https://www.alphaknockout.com Mouse Pgam5 Conditional Knockout Project (CRISPR/Cas9) Objective: To create a Pgam5 conditional knockout Mouse model (C57BL/6J) by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Strategy summary: The Pgam5 gene (NCBI Reference Sequence: NM_001163538 ; Ensembl: ENSMUSG00000029500 ) is located on Mouse chromosome 5. 6 exons are identified, with the ATG start codon in exon 1 and the TGA stop codon in exon 6 (Transcript: ENSMUST00000112505). Exon 2 will be selected as conditional knockout region (cKO region). Deletion of this region should result in the loss of function of the Mouse Pgam5 gene. To engineer the targeting vector, homologous arms and cKO region will be generated by PCR using BAC clone RP23-24E20 as template. Cas9, gRNA and targeting vector will be co-injected into fertilized eggs for cKO Mouse production. The pups will be genotyped by PCR followed by sequencing analysis. Note: Homozygotes for a null allele show Parkinson-like movement, dopaminergic neuron loss, and altered mitochondrial homeostasis. Homozygotes for a different null allele are smaller, with males born at sub-Mendelian ratios. Macrophages show impaired inflammasome activation and IL-1beta secretion. Exon 2 starts from about 21.88% of the coding region. The knockout of Exon 2 will result in frameshift of the gene. The size of intron 1 for 5'-loxP site insertion: 2386 bp, and the size of intron 2 for 3'-loxP site insertion: 1050 bp. The size of effective cKO region: ~679 bp. The cKO region does not have any other known gene. Page 1 of 7 https://www.alphaknockout.com Overview of the Targeting Strategy Wildtype allele gRNA region 5' gRNA region 3' 1 2 3 4 5 6 Targeting vector Targeted allele Constitutive KO allele (After Cre recombination) Legends Exon of mouse Pgam5 Homology arm cKO region loxP site Page 2 of 7 https://www.alphaknockout.com Overview of the Dot Plot Window size: 10 bp Forward Reverse Complement Sequence 12 Note: The sequence of homologous arms and cKO region is aligned with itself to determine if there are tandem repeats. No significant tandem repeat is found in the dot plot matrix. So this region is suitable for PCR screening or sequencing analysis. Overview of the GC Content Distribution Window size: 300 bp Sequence 12 Summary: Full Length(7179bp) | A(24.6% 1766) | C(23.42% 1681) | T(27.75% 1992) | G(24.24% 1740) Note: The sequence of homologous arms and cKO region is analyzed to determine the GC content. Significant high GC-content regions are found. It may be difficult to construct this targeting vector. Page 3 of 7 https://www.alphaknockout.com BLAT Search Results (up) QUERY SCORE START END QSIZE IDENTITY CHROM STRAND START END SPAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- browser details YourSeq 3000 1 3000 3000 100.0% chr5 - 110267516 110270515 3000 browser details YourSeq 134 674 865 3000 84.9% chr12 + 91482050 91482241 192 browser details YourSeq 125 368 1378 3000 94.3% chr14 - 59355258 59442524 87267 browser details YourSeq 109 368 489 3000 95.1% chr5 + 8128727 8128850 124 browser details YourSeq 107 375 490 3000 96.5% chr4 - 99427456 99427572 117 browser details YourSeq 105 375 489 3000 93.0% chr4 + 59276854 59276966 113 browser details YourSeq 102 368 477 3000 96.4% chr10 + 29972289 29972398 110 browser details YourSeq 101 368 486 3000 94.7% chr8 - 59264570 59264693 124 browser details YourSeq 101 368 472 3000 98.1% chr11 + 55068757 55068861 105 browser details YourSeq 100 367 477 3000 95.5% chr12 - 21578680 21578791 112 browser details YourSeq 99 370 477 3000 96.3% chrX - 51146886 51146997 112 browser details YourSeq 99 368 482 3000 93.1% chr17 + 28976584 28976698 115 browser details YourSeq 97 370 477 3000 95.4% chr2 - 154489976 154490093 118 browser details YourSeq 97 375 482 3000 95.4% chr8 + 78479266 78479375 110 browser details YourSeq 97 375 477 3000 97.1% chr2 + 163646439 163646541 103 browser details YourSeq 96 368 477 3000 93.7% chr2 - 49453656 49453765 110 browser details YourSeq 94 375 477 3000 96.1% chr8 - 45007323 45007426 104 browser details YourSeq 93 368 466 3000 97.0% chr16 - 79356800 79356898 99 browser details YourSeq 93 368 466 3000 97.0% chr3 + 50703272 50703370 99 browser details YourSeq 93 368 472 3000 94.3% chr18 + 73136292 73136396 105 Note: The 3000 bp section upstream of Exon 2 is BLAT searched against the genome. No significant similarity is found. BLAT Search Results (down) QUERY SCORE START END QSIZE IDENTITY CHROM STRAND START END SPAN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- browser details YourSeq 3000 1 3000 3000 100.0% chr5 - 110263837 110266836 3000 browser details YourSeq 603 2352 2999 3000 96.9% chr6 + 31957652 31958300 649 browser details YourSeq 598 2354 3000 3000 96.6% chr16 - 43866466 43867112 647 browser details YourSeq 597 2343 2998 3000 96.0% chr15 + 11580640 11581309 670 browser details YourSeq 596 2354 2999 3000 96.0% chr9 + 77972796 77973438 643 browser details YourSeq 594 2358 2999 3000 96.3% chr2 - 136421939 136422579 641 browser details YourSeq 593 2358 2999 3000 96.7% chr6 - 52335414 52336055 642 browser details YourSeq 592 2353 2999 3000 95.8% chr7 - 57303384 57304029 646 browser details YourSeq 592 2356 2996 3000 96.1% chr3 + 7106711 7107347 637 browser details YourSeq 592 2358 2999 3000 96.1% chr19 + 54934365 54935005 641 browser details YourSeq 590 2352 2999 3000 95.5% chrX + 121899504 121900150 647 browser details YourSeq 589 2358 2999 3000 96.6% chr18 - 3641541 3642186 646 browser details YourSeq 588 2358 2999 3000 95.8% chr3 - 129058897 129059537 641 browser details YourSeq 588 2295 2999 3000 95.3% chr2 - 145426566 145427301 736 browser details YourSeq 588 2353 2999 3000 95.9% chr10 + 117426882 117427528 647 browser details YourSeq 588 2358 2999 3000 95.8% chr1 + 74863187 74863827 641 browser details YourSeq 588 2358 2994 3000 96.6% chr1 + 16629233 16629869 637 browser details YourSeq 587 2358 2999 3000 96.0% chrX - 17701010 17701659 650 browser details YourSeq 587 2353 2999 3000 96.0% chr6 - 117946604 117947257 654 browser details YourSeq 587 2358 2999 3000 96.1% chr12 - 30771659 30772304 646 Note: The 3000 bp section downstream of Exon 2 is BLAT searched against the genome. No significant similarity is found. Page 4 of 7 https://www.alphaknockout.com Gene and protein information: Pgam5 phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ] Gene ID: 72542, updated on 12-Aug-2019 Gene summary Official Symbol Pgam5 provided by MGI Official Full Name phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 provided by MGI Primary source MGI:MGI:1919792 See related Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000029500 Gene type protein coding RefSeq status VALIDATED Organism Mus musculus Lineage Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus Also known as 2610528A17Rik Expression Ubiquitous expression in placenta adult (RPKM 16.9), CNS E18 (RPKM 16.7) and 28 other tissues See more Orthologs human all Genomic context Location: 5; 5 F See Pgam5 in Genome Data Viewer Exon count: 6 Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location 108 current GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 5 NC_000071.6 (110259135..110269899, complement) Build 37.2 previous assembly MGSCv37 (GCF_000001635.18) 5 NC_000071.5 (110688154..110698918, complement) Chromosome 5 - NC_000071.6 Page 5 of 7 https://www.alphaknockout.com Transcript information: This gene has 4 transcripts Gene: Pgam5 ENSMUSG00000029500 Description phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 [Source:MGI Symbol;Acc:MGI:1919792] Gene Synonyms 2610528A17Rik Location Chromosome 5: 110,259,130-110,269,913 reverse strand. GRCm38:CM000998.2 About this gene This gene has 4 transcripts (splice variants), 197 orthologues, is a member of 1 Ensembl protein family and is associated with 36 phenotypes. Transcripts Name Transcript ID bp Protein Translation ID Biotype CCDS UniProt Flags Pgam5-202 ENSMUST00000112505.8 2098 288aa ENSMUSP00000108124.2 Protein coding CCDS51606 Q8BX10 TSL:1 GENCODE basic APPRIS ALT1 Pgam5-201 ENSMUST00000059229.15 2044 287aa ENSMUSP00000057760.8 Protein coding CCDS19523 Q8BX10 TSL:1 GENCODE basic APPRIS P3 Pgam5-204 ENSMUST00000196381.1 553 179aa ENSMUSP00000143477.1 Protein coding - A0A0G2JG95 CDS 3' incomplete TSL:5 Pgam5-203 ENSMUST00000136738.2 620 No protein - Retained intron - - TSL:3 30.78 kb Forward strand 110.25Mb 110.26Mb 110.27Mb Genes Ankle2-202 >protein coding Gm15788-202 >lncRNA (Comprehensive set... Ankle2-206 >protein coding Gm15788-201 >lncRNA Ankle2-201 >protein coding Ankle2-203 >lncRNA Contigs AC118260.7 > Genes (Comprehensive set... < Pgam5-202protein coding < Pxmp2-204nonsense mediated decay < Pgam5-201protein coding < Pxmp2-201protein coding < Pgam5-203retained intron < Pgam5-204protein coding Regulatory Build 110.25Mb 110.26Mb 110.27Mb Reverse strand 30.78 kb Regulation Legend CTCF Promoter Promoter Flank Gene Legend Protein Coding merged Ensembl/Havana Ensembl protein coding Non-Protein Coding RNA gene processed transcript Page 6 of 7 https://www.alphaknockout.com Transcript: ENSMUST00000112505 < Pgam5-202protein coding Reverse strand 10.78 kb ENSMUSP00000108... Transmembrane heli... Low complexity (Seg) Superfamily Histidine phosphatase superfamily SMART Histidine phosphatase superfamily, clade-1 Pfam Histidine phosphatase superfamily, clade-1 PANTHER PTHR20935:SF0 PTHR20935 Gene3D Histidine phosphatase superfamily CDD Histidine phosphatase superfamily, clade-1 All sequence SNPs/i... Sequence variants (dbSNP and all other sources) Variant Legend missense variant splice region variant synonymous variant Scale bar 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 288 We wish to acknowledge the following valuable scientific information resources: Ensembl, MGI, NCBI, UCSC. Page 7 of 7.
Recommended publications
  • A Review of the New HGNC Gene Family Resource Kristian a Gray1*, Ruth L Seal1, Susan Tweedie1, Mathew W Wright1,2 and Elspeth a Bruford1
    Gray et al. Human Genomics (2016) 10:6 DOI 10.1186/s40246-016-0062-6 REVIEW Open Access A review of the new HGNC gene family resource Kristian A Gray1*, Ruth L Seal1, Susan Tweedie1, Mathew W Wright1,2 and Elspeth A Bruford1 Abstract The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) approves unique gene symbols and names for human loci. As well as naming genomic loci, we manually curate genes into family sets based on shared characteristics such as function, homology or phenotype. Each HGNC gene family has its own dedicated gene family report on our website, www.genenames.org. We have recently redesigned these reports to support the visualisation and browsing of complex relationships between families and to provide extra curated information such as family descriptions, protein domain graphics and gene family aliases. Here, we review how our gene families are curated and explain how to view, search and download the gene family data. Keywords: Gene families, Human, Gene symbols, HGNC, BioMart, Genes Background Therefore, we provide a service that is not available any- Grouping human genes together into gene families helps where else. the scientific and clinical community to quickly find re- The core task of the HGNC is to approve unique and lated sets of genes in order to plan studies and interpret informative gene symbols and names for human genes, existing data. There are many resources available that many of which have been requested directly by re- group genes together based on specific product func- searchers via the ‘Gene symbol request form’ [12] on our tions such as Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes Database website.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of PGAM5 in Regulating Viral Infection and the Pathogenesis of Intestinal Inflammation
    The role of PGAM5 in regulating viral infection and the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation Der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. vorgelegt von Yuqiang Yu 1 Als Dissertation genehmigt von der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 1st July 2021 Vorsitzender des Promotionsorgans: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Achtziger Gutachter/in: Prof. Dr. Falk Nimmerjahn Prof. Dr. Christoph Becker 2 Table of contents Table of contents 1 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 6 2 Zusammenfassung................................................................................................. 7 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 9 3.1 PGAM5 ............................................................................................................. 9 Structure and expression ........................................................................... 9 PGAM5 acts as a regulator in cell death pathways................................... 10 The role of PGAM5 in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway ........................... 14 PGAM5 in the NLRP3 inflammasome ...................................................... 14 PGAM5 activity is linked to multimerization .............................................. 15 3.2 Cellular defense
    [Show full text]
  • Definition of Biological Responses Through the Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles
    UNIVERSITY OF UDINE DOCTORATE COURSE IN BIOMEDICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES CICLE XVII RESEARCH DOCTORATE THESIS DEFINITION OF BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES Candidate: Raffaella Picco Tutor: Prof. Claudio Brancolini Prof. Federico Fogolari ACADEMIC YEAR 2014/2015 A Marian, a Carla e alle mie figlie TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT 1 2. INTRODUCTION 3 2.1 MICROARRAY 3 MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY 3 IMAGE ANALYSIS 5 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF THE DATA 9 QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF AFFYMETRIX GENECHIP 9 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES 11 CLUSTERING 12 PCA 13 PUBLIC DATABASES OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES 14 BIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS 14 2.2 CASPASES 15 CASPASE-2 16 CASPASES in the Central Nervous System (CNS) 20 2.3 CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA 21 Principal genetic alterations in CLL 23 3. MATERIAL AND METHODS 25 PIPELINE 25 Packages installation 25 Preprocessing 26 Quality Assessment of Affymetrix GeneChip 26 RNA degradation 27 Probe Level Model (PLM) 28 Filtering 29 Annotating a platform 29 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEG) selection 31 Model fitting 31 Paired samples 32 Annotation insertion 33 Correlations and heatmap 33 Partial Least Square (PLS) regression 35 AWK 35 Shell scripts 35 Graphics 36 4. RESULTS and DISCUSSION 39 4.1 RESULTS OF THE FIRST PART 39 4.2 RESULTS OF THE SECOND PART 41 5. ADDITIONAL WORK 52 5.1 Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of miRNAs Expression in Control and FSHD Myogenesis 52 5.2 Synthesis, Characterization, and Optimization for in Vivo Delivery of a Nonselective Isopeptidase Inhibitor as New Antineoplastic Agent 53 6. CONCLUSIONS 55 7. APPENDIX 57 7.1 Scripts – part 1 57 7.2 Scripts – part 2 60 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Phosphatase Regulation by the Ovarian Oncoprotein URI1
    Research Collection Doctoral Thesis Phosphatase regulation by the ovarian oncoprotein URI1 Author(s): Jonasch, Helene Publication Date: 2015 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010399708 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library DISS. ETH NO. 22593 Phosphatase regulation by the ovarian oncoprotein URI1 A thesis submitted to attain the degree of DOCTOR OF SCIENCES of ETH ZURICH (Dr. sc. ETH Zurich) presented by HELENE JONASCH M.Sc. in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel born on 21.07.1987 citizen of Austria accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Krek Prof. Dr. Ian Frew Prof. Dr. med. Holger Moch 2015 Abstract URI1 encodes an unconventional member of the prefoldin family of molecular chaperones that is amplified in a variety of carcinomas including small-cell lung, gastric, breast, and ovarian cancer. Exisiting evidence suggests that the excessive production of URI1 in URI1-amplifed cancer cells fuels evasion from apoptosis. In this setting, mitochondria-localized URI1 detains phosphatase 1 gamma (PP1γ) in inactive complexes thereby sustains S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) survival signaling under conditions of nutrient and/or growth factor deprivation stress. These data suggest that in URI1-amplified cancers such as ovarian cancer, URI1 has properties of an addicting oncogene. To unveil potential novel URI1 oncoprotein functions at mitochondria, we embarked on the identification of URI1-associated mitochondrial proteins. We found the protein phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1α) to assembly into heterotrimeric complexes with URI1 and PP1γ to regulate URI1 phosphorylation alone or in collaboration with PP1γ in a cell type-specific manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Atypical Protein Phosphatases: Emerging Players in Cellular Signaling
    Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 4596-4612; doi:10.3390/ijms14034596 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Review Atypical Protein Phosphatases: Emerging Players in Cellular Signaling Daichi Sadatomi 1, Susumu Tanimura 1, Kei-ichi Ozaki 1 and Kohsuke Takeda 1,2,* 1 Division of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; E-Mails: [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (K.O.) 2 Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-95-819-2417; Fax: +81-95-819-2472. Received: 25 January 2013; in revised form: 18 February 2013 / Accepted: 20 February 2013 / Published: 26 February 2013 Abstract: It has generally been considered that protein phosphatases have more diverse catalytic domain structures and mechanisms than protein kinases; however, gene annotation efforts following the human genome project appeared to have completed the whole array of protein phosphatases. Ser/Thr phosphatases are divided into three subfamilies that have different structures from each other, whereas Tyr phosphatases and dual-specificity phosphatases targeting Tyr, Ser and Thr belong to a single large family based on their common structural features. Several years of research have revealed, however, the existence of unexpected proteins, designated here as “atypical protein phosphatases”, that have structural and enzymatic features different from those of the known protein phosphatases and are involved in important biological processes.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 1 2 Bacterial Ftsz Induces Mitochondrial Fission in Human Cells
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.24.917146; this version posted January 24, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 2 3 Bacterial FtsZ induces mitochondrial fission in human cells 4 5 6 7 Anna Spier 1,2,3,4,$, Martin Sachse 5, Nam To Tham 1,2,3, $, Mariette Matondo 6,7, Pascale 8 Cossart 1,2,3, and Fabrizia Stavru 1,2,3,8,$,#,* 9 10 11 1 Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France 12 2 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U604, Paris, France 13 3 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), USC2020, Paris, France 14 4 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France 15 5 Unité Technologie et service BioImagerie Ultrastructurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 16 France 17 6 Plateforme Protéomique, Unité de Spectrometrie de Masse pour Biologie (UTechS 18 MSBio), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France 19 7 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), USR 2000, Paris, France 20 8 CNRS SNC5101, Paris, France 21 $ present address : Unité de Biologie Evolutive de la Cellule Microbienne, Institut 22 Pasteur, Paris, France 23 # CNRS ERL6002, Paris, France 24 25 26 27 * Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to 28 [email protected], lead contact 29 30 Keywords: mitochondrial division, bacterial division, Drp1, mtDNA, inner mitochondrial 31 membrane 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.24.917146; this version posted January 24, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Analysis of Mouse Genome Reveals Distinct Evolutionary and Functional Properties Among Circadian and Ultradian Genes
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/197111; this version posted March 30, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Systematic analysis of mouse genome reveals distinct evolutionary and functional properties among circadian and ultradian genes Stefano Castellana 1†, Tommaso Mazza 1†, Daniele Capocefalo 1, Nikolai Genov 2,3, Tommaso Biagini 1, Caterina Fusilli 1, Felix Scholkmann 4,5, Angela Relógio 2,3, John B. Hogenesch 6, Gianluigi Mazzoccoli 7* 1 Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy 2 Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité–Universitätsmedizin and Humboldt University, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; 3 Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; 4 Research Office for Complex Physical and Biological Systems (ROCoS), 8091Zurich, Switzerland; 5 Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland 6 Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45215, United States; 7 Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy † These authors contributed equally to this article * Corresponding author: Gianluigi Mazzoccoli, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Cappuccini Avenue, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), 71013 Italy; email: [email protected] ABSTRACT In living organisms, biological clocks regulate 24 h (circadian) molecular, physiological, and behavioral rhythms to maintain homeostasis and synchrony with predictable environmental changes. Harmonics of these circadian rhythms having periods of 8 hours and 12 hours (ultradian) have been documented in several species.
    [Show full text]
  • PGAM5 Promotes Lasting Foxo Activation After Developmental
    RESEARCH ARTICLE PGAM5 promotes lasting FoxO activation after developmental mitochondrial stress and extends lifespan in Drosophila Martin Borch Jensen1, Yanyan Qi1, Rebeccah Riley1, Liya Rabkina1, Heinrich Jasper1,2* 1Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States; 2Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States Abstract The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) has been associated with long lifespan across metazoans. In Caenorhabditis elegans, mild developmental mitochondrial stress activates UPRmt reporters and extends lifespan. We show that similar developmental stress is necessary and sufficient to extend Drosophila lifespan, and identify Phosphoglycerate Mutase 5 (PGAM5) as a mediator of this response. Developmental mitochondrial stress leads to activation of FoxO, via Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1) and Jun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK). This activation persists into adulthood and induces a select set of chaperones, many of which have been implicated in lifespan extension in flies. Persistent FoxO activation can be reversed by a high- protein diet in adulthood, through mTORC1 and GCN-2 activity. Accordingly, the observed lifespan extension is prevented on a high-protein diet and in FoxO-null flies. The diet-sensitivity of this pathway has important implications for interventions that seek to engage the UPRmt to improve metabolic health and longevity. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26952.001 Introduction *For correspondence: A wide range of studies in genetically accessible model systems have led to the realization that [email protected] aging is a malleable process, responsive to both genetic and pharmacological interventions. An inte- Competing interests: The grated view of the aging process has emerged from these efforts, spurred by the identification of a authors declare that no select group of biological processes and pathways that drive, influence, and regulate the physical competing interests exist.
    [Show full text]