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Study of the Modifications of Manganese Dioxide
U. S. Department of Commerce Research Paper RP1941 National Bureau of Standards Volume 41, December 1948 Part of the Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Study of the Modifications of Mangan,ese Dioxide By Howard F. McMurdie and Esther Golovato P ast work on the modificat ions of manganese dioxide of in terest in dry-cell manufacture is revie wed. New X -ray data, at both room and elevaLcd temperatures, combined 'with differen tial hea ting curves lead to the concl usion that five type of manga nese dioxide exi t : (1) well-crystallized p yrolusite ; (2) gamma m a nganese diox ide, a poorly crystalli zed pyrol u site; (3) ramsdellite ; (4) cryp tomelane, a form co ntaining esse ntial p otassium or sodiulll.; a nd (5) delta m anganese dioxide, belie ved to be a poorly crystallize d cryptomela ne. The high-temperature X-r ay diffraction data indicated the phase cha nges t hat cause the heating curve effects. A new crystal fo rm of manganosic oxide (Mn30 4), stable above 1,1700 C, w ~ s fo und t o be cubic of spinel structure. Fincness dcten n inaLion by both thc nitrogen a dsorp t ion and Lhe X-ray line broadening me thods were made on selected samples. I. Introduction this equipment a fla t specinlen is used, and no During the years 1940- 46 there wa increased special teclmiq Ll es were employed to prcven t pre researeh on dry cells. This was stimulated by fcn 'cd orientation. It is r ealized that in a few increased demand for the cell as well a new u es cascs this may have res ulted in r elative intcnsitics for them , combined with certain hor Lages of raw that differ from those in other r eporLs. -
Modification of Manganese Dioxide Catalyst Owing to the Change in Gas Composition
Title Modification of Manganese Dioxide Catalyst Owing to the Change in Gas Composition Author(s) Kobayashi, Masayoshi; Kobayashi, Haruo Citation 北海道大學工學部研究報告, 69, 221-225 Issue Date 1973-11-15 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/41166 Type bulletin (article) File Information 69_221-226.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Modification of Manganese Dioxide Catalyst Owing to the Change in Gas Composition Masayoshi KoBAyAsm and Haruo KoBAyAsm (Received April 28, 1973) Abstruct Modification of the electrolytic manganese dioxide surface during oxidation of carbon monoxide was studied experimentaly by purteybing the reaction steady state with a stepwise change in the concentration of carbon monoxide. The transient behavior of the oxidation activity corresponded exactly to that of the amount of surface oxygen species having a higher oxidation power, OgL*, and moreover t};1e apparent first order rate constant predicted by the steady state kinetics varied in proportion to the amount of Oge’. lt was shown that the modification of catalyst surface owing to he change in gas composition affected the oxidation activity through the change of the amount of 03t* which was catalytically active for oxidation of cabon monoxide. 1. lntroductioR It has been pointed out’un3) that the original composition of soiid catalysts is modified as a result of the equi正ibration processes of the solid-gas system and the catalytic activity of the surface is thereby changed correspondiRg to the composition of the -
The Combination of Calcium Oxide and Cu/Zro2 Catalyst and Their Selective Products for CO2 Hydrogenation
Article The Combination of Calcium Oxide and Cu/ZrO2 Catalyst and their Selective Products for CO2 Hydrogenation Soipatta Soisuwan1,a,b,*, Wilasinee Wisaijorn1, Chalida Nimnul1, Orawan Maunghimapan1, and Piyasan Praserthdam2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saensuk Sub-District, Muang District, Chonburi, 20130, Thailand 2 Center of Excellence in Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathuwan District, Bangkok 10330, Thailand E-mail: [email protected] (Corresponding author), [email protected] Abstract. The catalytic activities of Cu/ZrO2_CaO catalysts were investigated on CO2 hydrogenation. The CO2 hydrogenations were carried out over combination of calcium oxide and Cu/ZrO2 catalyst. Two calcination temperatures were chosen at 300 and 650 oC according to thermal decomposition results. The catalysts were characterized by means of N2 adsorption-desorption, H2 temperature programmed reduction and X-ray diffraction. The CO2 hydrogenation under atmospheric pressure and at 250 oC was carried out over copper-based catalysts combined with calcium oxide namely i.e. Cu/ZrO 2 _CaO300, Cu/ZrO 2 _CaO650, Cu/ZrO2_Cu/CaO and Cu/ZrO2+CaO. The catalytic activities over all catalysts were consistent for 4 hours. The catalytic reaction rates over copper-based catalysts were in the range of 21.8 – 47.4 mol L-1 s-1 g cat-1. The modification of calcium oxide can improve the catalytic activity of copper-based catalysts to 47.4 mol L-1 s-1 g cat-1. The calcination temperature can cause a difference in active species that impact on product selectivity. -
Calcium Oxide
CALCIUM OXIDE Prepared at the 19th JECFA (1975), published in NMRS 55B (1976) and in FNP 52 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 59th JECFA (2002). An ADI ‘Not limited’ was established at the 9th JECFA (1965). SYNONYMS Lime; INS No. 529 DEFINITION Chemical names Calcium oxide C.A.S. number 1305-78-8 Chemical formula CaO Formula weight 56.08 Assay Not less than 95.0% after ignition DESCRIPTION Odourless, hard, white or greyish white masses or granules, or white to greyish white powder FUNCTIONAL USES Alkali, dough conditioner, yeast food CHARACTERISTICS IDENTIFICATION Solubility (Vol. 4) Slightly soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol, soluble in glycerol (Caution: Protect eyes when adding water) Reaction with water Moisten the sample with water; heat is generated (Caution: Protect eyes when adding water). Test for alkali The sample is alkaline to moistened litmus paper Test for calcium (Vol. 4) Passes test PURITY Loss on ignition (Vol. 4) Not more than 10% (1 g, about 800o to constant weight) Barium Not more than 0.03% Cautiously mix 1.5 g of the sample with 10 ml water, add 15 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid TS, dilute to 30 ml with water and filter. To 20 ml of the filtrate add 2 g of sodium acetate, 1 ml of dilute acetic acid TS and 0.5 ml of potassium chromate TS and allow to stand for 15 min. The turbidity of the solution is not greater than that of a control prepared by adding water to 0.3 ml of barium standard solution (1.779 g barium chloride in 1000 ml of water) to make to 20 ml, adding 2 g of sodium acetate, 1 ml of dilute acetic acid TS and 0.5 ml of potassium chromate TS and allowing to stand for 15 min. -
Potential Ivvs.Gelbasedre
US010644304B2 ( 12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No.: US 10,644,304 B2 Ein - Eli et al. (45 ) Date of Patent : May 5 , 2020 (54 ) METHOD FOR PASSIVE METAL (58 ) Field of Classification Search ACTIVATION AND USES THEREOF ??? C25D 5/54 ; C25D 3/665 ; C25D 5/34 ; ( 71) Applicant: Technion Research & Development HO1M 4/134 ; HOTM 4/366 ; HO1M 4/628 ; Foundation Limited , Haifa ( IL ) (Continued ) ( 72 ) Inventors : Yair Ein - Eli , Haifa ( IL ) ; Danny (56 ) References Cited Gelman , Haifa ( IL ) ; Boris Shvartsev , Haifa ( IL ) ; Alexander Kraytsberg , U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Yokneam ( IL ) 3,635,765 A 1/1972 Greenberg 3,650,834 A 3/1972 Buzzelli ( 73 ) Assignee : Technion Research & Development Foundation Limited , Haifa ( IL ) (Continued ) ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS patent is extended or adjusted under 35 CN 1408031 4/2003 U.S.C. 154 ( b ) by 56 days . EP 1983078 10/2008 (21 ) Appl. No .: 15 /300,359 ( Continued ) ( 22 ) PCT Filed : Mar. 31 , 2015 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (86 ) PCT No .: PCT/ IL2015 /050350 Hagiwara et al. in ( Acidic 1 - ethyl - 3 -methylimidazoliuum fluoride: a new room temperature ionic liquid in Journal of Fluorine Chem $ 371 (c ) ( 1 ), istry vol . 99 ( 1999 ) p . 1-3 ; ( Year: 1999 ). * (2 ) Date : Sep. 29 , 2016 (Continued ) (87 ) PCT Pub . No .: WO2015 / 151099 Primary Examiner — Jonathan G Jelsma PCT Pub . Date : Oct. 8 , 2015 Assistant Examiner Omar M Kekia (65 ) Prior Publication Data (57 ) ABSTRACT US 2017/0179464 A1 Jun . 22 , 2017 Disclosed is a method for activating a surface of metals , Related U.S. Application Data such as self- passivated metals , and of metal -oxide dissolu tion , effected using a fluoroanion -containing composition . -
Preparation of Magnetite and Manganese Oxide Ionic Polymer Nanocomposite for Adsorption of a Textile Dye in Aqueous Solutions
Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures Vol. 11, No. 3, July - September 2016, p. 909 - 920 PREPARATION OF MAGNETITE AND MANGANESE OXIDE IONIC POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FOR ADSORPTION OF A TEXTILE DYE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS A. M. ATTAa,b*, H. A. AL-HODANa, S. A. AL-HUSSAINc, A. O. EZZATa, A. M. TAWFIKd, Y. A. EL-DOSARYc aSurfactants research chair, Chemistry department, college of science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia bPetroleum Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt. Fax: 0020222747433; Tel: 0020222747917. c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University ( IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. dCollege of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia The present work aims to investigate new method to prepare manganese dioxide as well as magnetite nanocomposite based on in-situ technique. The crosslinked copolymeric hydrogel based on 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid-co-acrylic acid (AMPS/AA) was used as template to encapsulate the metal oxides by introducing the metal cations followed by redoxy reaction into the gel networks. The chemical, crystal structures, morphology and metal oxide contents were investigated using different spectroscopy and instrumental analyses. The ability of AMPS/AA metal oxide nanocomposites to remove different concentrations of textile cationic dye water pollutants such as crystal violet (CV) from aqueous environments was investigated using UV-visible measurements. The adsorption measurements confirmed the AMPS/AA metal oxide nanocomposites have high efficiency of to remove 1.5 g/L of CV during short time ranged between 20 and 60 minute. The kinetic study indicated that the adsorption process of CV adsorbate using AMPS/AA metal oxide nanocomposite adsorbents obey chemical adsorption mechanism. -
Material Safety Data Sheet
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Section 1 - Product and Company Identification Product Name: CRS Indicating Oxygen-Removing Purifier Document No. 991033 CRS Part Numbers: 202220, 202223, 202224, 202225, 202806, 202816, 202820, 202872 Date Revised: 03/30/05; 01/18/02 Date of Original: 08/18/97 Number of Pages: 5 Manufacturer's Name: CHROMATOGRAPHY RESEARCH SUPPLIES, INC. 2601 Technology Drive Louisville, KY 40299 For chemical emergency call: CHEMTREC (24 Hours) 800-424-9300 (U.S.A) When Calling from Outside the U.S.A. Dial Your Access Code for the U.S.A., then 1, then 703-527-3887 Section 2 - Composition/Information on Ingredients A sealed chromatograph filter cartridge containing the following mixture: Activated copper oxide [1317-38-0] <18%; Magnesium oxide [1309-48-4] <10%; Silicic acid [1343-98-2] <15%; Barium oxide [1304-28-5] <1%; Chromium oxide [1308-38-9] <1%; Zinc oxide [1314-13-2] <1%; Sodium oxide [1313-59-3] <10%; Manganese dioxide [1313-13-9] 40-60%; and Graphite [7782-42-5] <10. Chemical Families: Reduced metallic oxides in colloidal mineral carbon Chemical Synonyms: Activated copper oxide is also known as copper(II)oxide, copper monoxide, copper monooxide, copper(2)oxide, and cupric oxide. Magnesium oxide is also known as magnesia. Zinc oxide is also known as zinc white. Barium oxide is also known as barium monoxide and barium protoxide. Chromium oxide is also known as chromium (III) oxide; chromium sesquioxide; chrome green; chrome oxide; chromic acid green; and chromium oxide green. Silicic acid is also known as silica gel. Sodium oxide is also known as disodium monoxide; disodium oxide; and sodium monoxide. -
Safety Data Sheet According to 29CFR1910/1200 and GHS Rev
Safety Data Sheet according to 29CFR1910/1200 and GHS Rev. 3 Effective date : 10.24.2014 Page 1 of 7 Manganese Dioxide SECTION 1 : Identification of the substance/mixture and of the supplier Product name : Manganese Dioxide Manufacturer/Supplier Trade name: Manufacturer/Supplier Article number: S25420 Recommended uses of the product and uses restrictions on use: Manufacturer Details: AquaPhoenix Scientific 9 Barnhart Drive, Hanover, PA 17331 Supplier Details: Fisher Science Education 15 Jet View Drive, Rochester, NY 14624 Emergency telephone number: Fisher Science Education Emergency Telephone No.: 800-535-5053 SECTION 2 : Hazards identification Classification of the substance or mixture: Irritant Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), category 4 Acute toxicity - Inhalation - Category 4 Acute toxicity - Oral - Category 4 Signal word :Warning Hazard statements: Harmful if swallowed Harmful if inhaled Precautionary statements: If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand Keep out of reach of children Read label before use Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray Wash skin thoroughly after handling Wash skin thoroughly after handling Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell Rinse mouth IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell Dispose of contents and container to an approved waste disposal plant Other Non-GHS Classification: Created by Global Safety Management, Inc. -Tel: 1-813-435-5161 - www.gsmsds.com Safety Data Sheet according to 29CFR1910/1200 and GHS Rev. -
Reduction of Manganese Oxides by Methane-Containing Gas
ISIJ International, Vol. 44 (2004), No. 9, pp. 1480–1487 Reduction of Manganese Oxides by Methane-containing Gas Nathaniel ANACLETO, Oleg OSTROVSKI1) and S. GANGULY2) Formerly PhD Student, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, now at MSU- IIT, Tibanga, Iligan City, 9200 Philippines. 1) School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia. E-mail: [email protected] 2) Tasmanian Electrometallurgical Company, Bell Bay, Tasmania 7253, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] (Received on February 12, 2004; accepted in final form on June 8, 2004) The paper presents results of reduction of pure manganese oxides by methane containing gas in non- isothermal and isothermal experiments and reduction mechanisms. The extent and rate of manganese oxide reduction were determined by on-line off-gas analysis using a mass-spectrometer in a fixed bed labo- ratory reactor in the temperature range 1 000–1 200°C at different gas compositions. Manganese oxides were reduced to carbide Mn7C3. High extent and rate of reduction by methane-con- taining gas in comparison with carbothermal reduction were attributed to high carbon activity in the reduc- ing gas, which was in the range 15–50 (relative to graphite). The rate of reduction of manganese oxide in- creased with increasing temperature. Increasing methane content in the reducing gas to 10–20 vol% CH4 favoured the reduction process. Increase in hydrogen partial pressure had a positive effect on the reduction rate. Addition of carbon monoxide to the reducing gas retarded the reduction process. The addition of Fe3O4 to manganese oxide increased the rate of reduction. -
Abstract Catalytic Performance And
ABSTRACT CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZN-DOPED CRYPTOMELANE-TYPE MANGANESE DIOXIDE FOR ETHANOL OXIDATION by Lulu Jiang Cryptomelane (KMn8O16) was prepared by two methods: 1) a sol-gel method, and 2) a proprietary method that uses alkaline battery waste as a starting material. These cryptomelane materials were investigated as volatile organic carbon (VOC) oxidation catalysts and compared. To better understand the roles of processing steps on the physical characteristics and catalytic activity, the effects of zinc dopant and calcination temperature were studied with the sol-gel cryptomelane materials. Zinc dopant was included as a test variable because it is present in alkaline battery waste, and cyrptomelane prepared from battery waste also contains zinc (<5 wt%). The oxidation of ethanol was used to assess catalytic activity of the cryptomelane materials. It was found that cryptomelane-based manganese dioxide prepared by both the sol-gel method and from battery waste can be used as catalysts in the catalytic oxidation of ethanol in air. The zinc dopant (<5 wt%) has very little impact on catalytic activity, although it has some impact on the morphology and crystallinity of the materials. Calcination temperature, however, which impacts the surface area of the material, has a much more significant role, where the higher the calcination temperature, the lower the surface area, and hence, the lower the catalytic activity. CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZN-DOPED CRYPTOMELANE-TYPE MANGANESE DIOXIDE FOR ETHANOL OXIDATION A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Paper and Chemical Engineering by Lulu Jiang Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2012 Advisor: Dr. -
Mesoporous Vanadium Pentoxide Nanofibers with Significantly
COMMUNICATION www.rsc.org/ees | Energy & Environmental Science Mesoporous vanadium pentoxide nanofibers with significantly enhanced Li-ion storage properties by electrospinning† Danmei Yu,*ab Changguo Chen,b Shuhong Xie,cd Yanyi Liu,a Kwangsuk Park,a Xiaoyuan Zhou,a Qifeng Zhang,a Jiangyu Lic and Guozhong Cao*ab Received 29th July 2010, Accepted 11th November 2010 DOI: 10.1039/c0ee00313a 5–9 Mesoporous V2O5 nanofibers were fabricated by a method lation properties. Such an improvement has been attributed to combining sol–gel processing with electrospinning followed by nanostructured materials providing shorter and simpler diffusion annealing in air. The resultant nanofibers were 350 nm in diameter paths for lithium ions and allowing the most freedom for dimension and consisted of porous polycrystalline vanadium oxide with change accompanying the lithium ion intercalation and de-interca- 2 À1 lation. a specific surface area of 97 m g . The mesoporous V2O5 nanofibers demonstrated a significantly enhanced Li ion storage There are many methods for fabricating nanomaterials, such as capacity of above 370 mA h gÀ1 and a high charge/discharge rate of hydrothermal treatment, template-based method, electrodeposition up to 800 mA gÀ1 with little cyclic degradation. method and so on, but electrospinning is perhaps the most simple and versatile process for generating nanofibers.10 A variety of simple oxide nanofibers can be readily prepared by electrospinning a polymer Vanadium pentoxide, V2O5, which is a typical intercalation solution containing the sol–gel -
Interaction of Water with the Cao(001) Surface † ‡ † § ‡ † ∥ Yuichi Fujimori, Xunhua Zhao, Xiang Shao, , Sergey V
Article pubs.acs.org/JPCC Interaction of Water with the CaO(001) Surface † ‡ † § ‡ † ∥ Yuichi Fujimori, Xunhua Zhao, Xiang Shao, , Sergey V. Levchenko, Niklas Nilius, , † ⊥ † Martin Sterrer,*, , and Hans-Joachim Freund † ‡ Department of Chemical Physics and Theory Department, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany ∥ Institute of Physics, Carl-von-Ossietzky University, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany ⊥ Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Universitatsplatz̈ 5, 8010 Graz, Austria *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: The interaction of water with the CaO(001) surface has been studied from ultrahigh-vacuum to submillibar water vapor pressures and at temperatures of 100 and 300 K using well-structured CaO(001)/Mo(001) thin-film model systems. Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been employed to reveal the correlation between the vibrational frequencies of the hydroxyl groups and the distinct hydroxylated surface phases that develop as a function of water exposure. In the low-coverage regime, water monomers, small water clusters, and one-dimensional water chains are formed on the CaO(001) surface. At increasing water coverages, water-induced structural disorder is observed, indicating 2+ partial solvation of Ca ions. Partial transformation of CaO(001) into a Ca(OH)2-like phase occurs upon dosing of water at submillibar water pressure. In addition, it was found that interfacial hydroxyl groups formed on the CaO(001) surface during water exposure at temperatures as low as 100 K shift the temperatures for ice desorption and for the transition from amorphous solid water to crystalline ice by 10 K as compared to those for the nonhydroxylated MgO surface.