Des Araignées En Limousin Annales Scientifiques Du Limousin

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Des Araignées En Limousin Annales Scientifiques Du Limousin Annales Scientifiques du Limousin ISSN : 0765-0477 Des Araignées en Limousin Présentation de trente années d’études et de prospections Association Universitaire Limousine pour l'Étude et la Protection de l'Environnement https://www.unilim.fr/asl/index.php?id=341 ASL N°25 | 2014 ASSOCIATION UNIVERSITAIRE LIMOUSINE POUR L’ETUDE ET LA PROTECTION DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT (A.U.L.E.P.E.) Introduction UNE RECHERCHE SINGULIERE : ACTUALITES DU MONDE DES ARAIGNEES EN LIMOUSIN En 2010 les Annales Scientifiques du Limousin ont intégré avec plaisir mais aussi avec curiosité une publication de Marcel Cruveillier relative au monde des Araignées. Ce monde original et complexe n’est, en effet, connu que d’un très petit nombre de chercheurs. Une première contribution d’une dizaine de pages, parue en 2010 dans le tome 21 du bulletin de l’A.U.L.E.P.E., présente un historique des publications anciennes à propos des araignées dans les trois départements de notre région. Le début des années 1980 marque l’éveil de la recherche arachnologique en Limousin avec la constitution d’un petit groupe de chercheurs autour de Marcel Cruveillier. Cet éveil aboutit à la constitution d’une première base de données. L’année suivante, en 2011, un bulletin entier de l’A.U.L.E.P.E. est consacré aux araignées. La base de données s’est considérablement enrichie, et la publication regroupe l’ensemble des familles de A à H, classées par ordre alphabétique. Le tome 23 de 2012 des annales poursuit le même type de recherches avec les familles classées alphabétiquement de L à P et le tome 24 publié en 2014, complète ce catalogue. On aurait pu s’en tenir là, au moins dans un premier temps. C’eût été méconnaître les multiples changements de ces dernières années qui ont bouleversé l’ordonnance établie des espèces, mentionnée dans les précédentes publications. Les modifications nombreuses de classification et de taxinomie rendaient partiellement caduques les publications antérieures. Il devenait inconcevable pour Marcel Cruveillier de ne pas en tenir compte, d’autant qu’une nouvelle publication allait lui offrir la possibilité d’introduire les nouvelles données issues des prospections de 2014. Le tome 25 résulte donc d’une refonte totale des publications antérieures et prend en compte les modifications de tout genre : suppression de familles, apparition de familles, dénominations nouvelles, déplacements des espèces qui bousculent l’ordre précédemment établi. On retrouve dans ce travail toute la méticulosité de l’auteur tout au long de ses publications sur les Araignées en Limousin. On ne peut qu’être admiratif devant la somme de travail accumulé, parfois à la limite du supportable, pour proposer un document final qui rende compte de la plus parfaite façon possible des connaissances actuelles sur les araignées limousines à la fin de l’année 2014. Alors, un grand merci à Marcel Cruveillier d’avoir tout repris et mis à jour pour cette publication exceptionnelle, et bonne lecture. Jean-Pierre Verger Béatrice Compère ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Annales Scientifiques du Limousin, 2014, 25, 1-348 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Marcel CRUVEILLIER Des Araignées en Limousin Présentation de trente années d’études et de prospections Le regard des Salticidae Photo M. Cruveillier « L’air espiègle que leur donnent leurs gros yeux médians antérieurs et leurs mouvements entrecoupés de sauts et de brusques changements de direction, laissent l’impression qu’elles sont toujours en train de jouer. » MRC. (voir page 221) 1 Sommaire Préambule 3 Première partie : historique 4 Début de la deuxième partie (catalogue commenté) 13 listes des participants aux inventaires 15 Les Agelenidae 19 Les Amaurobiidae 24 Les Anyphaenidae 26 Les araneidae 26 Les Atypidae 47 Les Clubionidae 48 Les Cybaeidae 56 Les Dictynidae 57 Les Dysderidae 62 Les Eresidae 64 Les Eutichuridae 65 Les Gnaphosidae 67 Les Hahniidae 86 Les Linyphiidae, sous-famillie des Erigoninae 89 Les Linyphiidae, sous-famillie des Linyphiinae 129 Les Liocranidae 160 Les Lycosidae 164 Les Mimetidae 193 Les Miturgidae 195 Les Nesticidae 199 Les Oecobiidae 200 Les Oonopidae 200 Les Oxyopidae 200 Les Philodromidae 202 Les Pholcidae 208 Les Phrurolithidae 210 Les Pisauridae 211 Les Salticidae 215 Les Scytodidae 236 Les Segestridae 236 Les Sparassidae 238 Les Tetragnathidae 241 Les Theridiidae 250 Les Theridiosomatidae 273 Les Thomisidae 273 Les Titanoecidae 294 Les Trachelidae 294 Les Uloboridae 295 Les Zodariidae 296 Postambule 298 Glossaire 300 Racines latines ou gréco-latines 304 Bibliographie (publications et sites internet) 307 Liste des communes prospectées 309 Liste des espèces répertoriées en Limousin 310 Carte des prospections en Limousin 324 Illustrations en couleurs (24 pages) 325 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Annales Scientifiques du Limousin, 2014, 25, 1-348 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Préambule C’est grâce à l’aimable proposition du Professeur Axel Ghestem, Président de l’A.U.L.E.P.E., de rassembler en un seul volume les quatre publications sur les araignées ayant paru de 2010 à 2013 dans les numéros 21, 22, 23 et 24 des annales scientifiques du Limousin, que l’idée m’est venue de saisir l’occasion qui m’était ainsi offerte d’en récrire une bonne partie, d’effectuer une réorganisation de l’ensemble et surtout une mise à jour. Ce nouveau travail prend en compte, d’une part, les espèces nouvellement répertoriées en Limousin ainsi que les inventaires de fin 2013 et de 2014 et, d’autre part, les très nombreuses modifications de classification et de taxinomie intervenues entre 2010 et fin 2014 en référence au catalogue international des araignées (The World Spider Catalog) tenu régulièrement à jour à l’AMNH (American Museum of Natural History) de New York, par Norman Platnick, puis par l’association WSCA, en Suisse. Afin d’éviter d’inutiles doublons, certains documents dont la présence était nécessaire à la compréhension de chacune des quatre parties initiales, prise isolément, comme la carte des communes prospectées, le glossaire, les tableaux et listes provisoires, n’apparaîtront qu’une seule fois en fin de volume. Le choix de conserver les quatre parties dans la forme et la chronologie de leur parution initiale dans les annales scientifiques du Limousin, où les familles avaient été présentées selon l’ordre alphabétique du moment, n’aurait pas entraîné de grandes difficultés si les modifications intervenues depuis 2010 n’avaient concerné que des noms de genres ou d’espèces. Ceux-ci auraient pu être simplement corrigés et le nom antérieur indiqué entre parenthèses. Mais dans la mesure où des espèces se trouvent maintenant ventilées dans des familles différentes, voire nouvelles pour la France, il nous a fallu opter pour une refonte intégrale destinée à reconstituer une présentation complète dans l’ordre alphabétique des familles tel qu’il se présente à la fin de 2014. Les genres Phrurolithus et Cetonana, par exemple, étaient antérieurement classés dans la famille des Corinnidae. Or la famille des Corinnidae n’est plus représentée en France et les deux genres cités de cette famille se trouvent respectivement classés dans la famille des Phrurolithidae et celle des Trachelidae. Alors que l’ordre initial des parutions les situaient dans la seconde partie, l’ordre alphabétique de leur nouvelle famille les aurait situés respectivement dans les anciennes parties 3 et 4. Pour la même raison, le genre Cheiracanthium aurait aujourd’hui dû être transféré dans la deuxième partie après son affectation dans la famille, nouvellement apparue en France, des Eutichuridae, alors qu’il se trouvait dans la troisième partie, dans la famille des Miturgidae, famille qui accueille aujourd’hui le genre Zora, anciennement traité dans la quatrième partie là où se trouvait leur ancienne famille des Zoridae aujourd’hui abandonnée. Aussi avons nous choisi, pour plus de clarté et de commodité pour le lecteur, d’abandonner l’architecture en quatre parties résultant de la chronologie des publications initiales pour n’en conserver que deux, très inégales : la première qui est une introduction historique que nous n’avons donc pratiquement pas modifiée, et une deuxième, la plus volumineuse, qui regroupe l’ensemble du catalogue réorganisé selon le nouvel ordre alphabétique des familles à cette date. Outre les corrections de classification et de taxinomie, nous avons profité de cette refonte pour introduire les dernières espèces découvertes, pour compléter des informations de l’ancienne deuxième partie où les monographies des espèces avaient parfois été résumées, et pour rajouter de nouveaux éléments de répartition sur la carte ainsi que de nouvelles définitions dans le glossaire. Cet travail est donc loin de n’être que le simple empilement en un seul volume de publications déjà parues. Il s’agit d’un ouvrage nouveau et plus riche qui fait le point de nos connaissances à la fin de 2014 sur les araignées du Limousin. Meuzac le 31/12/2014 Marcel Cruveillier 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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