S. Pneumoniae + Legionella Detection Kit

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S. pneumoniae + Legionella detection kit Pathogen and product description Gram positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae antimicrobial therapy is institutedted earlearly.y. KKnownnown is one of the most important pathogen that risk factors include immunosuppression,pressiiitton, ccigaretteigarette affects mainly children and elderly and can smoking, alcohol consumption andditt concomitant cause life-threatening diseases. Streptococcus pulmonary disease. Legionella pneumophila is pneumoniae infection leads to many clinical responsible for 80-90% of reported cases of manifestations including meningitis, septicaemia, Legionella infection with serogroup 1 accounting bacteraemia, pneumonia, acute otitis media and for greater than 70% of all legionellosis. sinusitis. Pneumococcal infection annually has CerTest Streptococcus pneumoniae + Legionella caused approximately 14.5 million cases of invasive one step card test offers a simple and highly pneumococcal disease (IPD) and 0.7-1 million sensitive assay to make a presumptive diagnosis deaths in children under five years old, mostly in of pneumoniae and/or Legionella caused by developing and underdeveloped countries. Streptococcus pneumoniae and/or Legionella Legionnaires’ Disease is caused by Legionella pneumophila in infected humans from urine samples. pneumophila and is characterized as an acute febrile respiratory illness ranging in severity from mild illness to fatal pneumonia. The resulting mortality rate, ranging from 25 to 40% can be lowered if the disease is diagnosed rapidly and appropriate S. pneumoniae + Legionella detection kit Test procedure step 1 Using a separate testing tube or vial for each sample, step 2 Add 2 drops of Reagent step 3 Use a separate pipette and device for each sample or add 6 drops of urine sample. into the testing tube or vial control. Dispense exactly 3 drops from the testing tube and mix. into the “A” circular window marked with an arrow. 15 min. Wait for colored bands to appearappearr. Dispense exactly 3 drops from the same testing Readd thethe resultsesults atat 15 minutes.minutes. step 5 tube into the “B” circular window marked withh step 4 Do not read the test result later than 15 minutes. an arrow. Interpretation of results S. pneumoniae S. pneumoniae S. pneumoniae S. pneumoniae Negative Positive Negative Positive Legionella Legionella Legionella Legionella Negative Negative Positive Positive ANY OTO HER RERESUSULT: INVAALIL D Clinical Sensitivity and Specificity Sensitivity Specificity PPV NPV CerTest S. pneumoniae + Legionella (S. pneumoniae strip) vs. 89.2% 98.6% 97.1% 94.8% Binax NOW® Streptococcus pneumoniae Antigen Card (C.I. 74.6 – 97%) (C.I. 92.7 – 100%) (C.I. 84.7 – 99.9%) (C.I. 87.2 – 98.6%) CerTest S. pneumoniae + Legionella (Legionella strip) vs. 100% 99.2% 96.9% 100% Binax NOW® Legionella Urinary Antigen Card (C.I. 88.8 – 100%) (C.I. 95.4 – 100%) (C.I. 83.8 – 99.9%) (C.I. 96.9 – 100%) CERTEST BIOTEC, S.L. Pol. Industrial Río Gállego II, Calle J, Nº 1 50840, San Mateo de Gállego, Zaragoza (Spain) www.certest.es NL8817EN.

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Guide to Infection Control in the Healthcare Setting
GUIDE TO INFECTION CONTROL IN THE HEALTHCARE SETTING Pneumococcus Author Roman Pallares, MD Imma Grau, MD Chapter Editor Ziad A. Memish, MD, FRCPC, FACP Topic Outline Key Issues Known Facts Controversial Issues Suggested Practice Suggested Practice in Under-Resourced Settings Summary References Chapter last updated: April 2018 KEY ISSUE • Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) remains a major pathogen worldwide, mainly in young children (<5 years), adults with immunosuppressive or chronic diseases as well as smokers and alcohol abusers, and older adults (≥65 years). Pneumococcal disease is more common in developing countries and occurs more often during winter. In recent years, important changes in the epidemiology of pneumococcal infections have been observed: 1. The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci which make invasive pneumococcal infections (e.g., meningitis) difficult to treat. 2. The increased prevalence of pneumococcal disease in the elderly and in patients with chronic and serious underlying conditions (e.g., HIV, malignancies). 3. The increasing recognition of pneumococcal infections in patients admitted to healthcare institutions and nursing homes, childcare centers, and other closed institutions (e.g., jails, military camps). Several of these infections appeared as outbreaks due to antibiotic- resistant pneumococci. 4. In the years 2000s, there was a reduction in the incidence of pneumococcal infections after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (7-valent “PCV7”, 10-valent “PCV10”, and 13- valent “PCV13”) in children. • Most pneumococcal infections are considered community-acquired infections, and little attention has been paid to nosocomial and healthcare-associated pneumococcal infections. In addition, infection control measures for preventing pneumococcal infections in hospital and healthcare settings and nursing home facilities have not been widely considered in the literature.
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Implications for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness
ImpactImpact ofof ConjugateConjugate PneumococcalPneumococcal VaccineVaccine onon PneumococcalPneumococcal Pneumonia:Pneumonia: ImplicationsImplications forfor PandemicPandemic InfluenzaInfluenza PreparednessPreparedness KeithKeith P.P. KlugmanKlugman DepartmentDepartment ofof GlobalGlobal Health,Health, RollinsRollins SchoolSchool ofof PublicPublic HealthHealth andand DivisionDivision ofof InfectiousInfectious Diseases,Diseases, SchoolSchool ofof MedicineMedicine EmoryEmory University,University, Atlanta,Atlanta, USAUSA AcuteAcute respiratoryrespiratory infectionsinfections –– thethe leadingleading infectiousinfectious causecause ofof deathdeath 4.0 3.5 3.0 Over age five Under age five 2.5 * HIV-positive people 2.0 who have died with TB have been 1.5 included among AIDS deaths Millions of deaths 1.0 0.5 0 Acute AIDS* Diarrhoeal TB Malaria Measles respiratory diseases infections Estimates for adults 2002; under 5’s 2000-2003; World Health Report 2004/52 CommunityCommunity AcquiredAcquired PneumoniaPneumonia frequencyfrequency byby ageage // 10001000 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 << 55 55 -- 14 14 1515 -- 29 29 3030 -- 44 44 4545 -- 59 59 6060 -- 74 74 >> 7474 AgeAge (years)(years) Jokinen et al. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:977-988 Jokinen et al. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:977-988 3 BacterialBacterial EtiologyEtiology ofof CommunityCommunity-- AcquiredAcquired PneumoniaPneumonia Atypical pathogens: Legionella spp S. pneumoniae Chlamydia spp Mycoplasma spp 22% 34% 6% S. aureus 15% 15% Other 8% H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis Aerobic gram-negative
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Allergy, Immunity, and Infection, and Respiratory Joint Session
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Comparative Radiographic Features of Community Acquired Legionnaires' Disease, Pneumococcal Pneumonia, Mycoplasma Pneumonia, and Psittacosis
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IDSA/ATS Consensus Guidelines on The
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Green Book Chapter Pneumococcal Disease
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Guidance Notes on Community Acquired Pneumonia
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bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.11.378794; this version posted November 11, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Synergism and antagonism of bacterial-viral co-infection in the upper respiratory tract Sam Manna1,2,3, Julie McAuley3, Jonathan Jacobson1, Cattram D. Nguyen1,2, Md Ashik Ullah4, Victoria Williamson1, E. Kim Mulholland1,2,5, Odilia Wijburg3, Simon Phipps4 and Catherine Satzke1,2,3,* 1 Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; 2 Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 4 Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; 5 Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom *Correspondence: [email protected] Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae, pneumococcus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Pneumonia Virus of Mice, Murine Pneumonia Virus, Influenza, co-infection ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a leading cause of pneumonia in children under five years old. Co-infection by pneumococci and respiratory viruses enhances disease severity. Little is known about pneumococcal co-infections with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Here, we developed a novel infant mouse model of co-infection using Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM), a murine analogue of RSV, to examine the dynamics of co-infection in the upper respiratory tract, an anatomical niche that is essential for host-to-host transmission and progression to disease.
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The Drop in Reported Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among Adults During the First COVID-19 Wave
medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.29.21259494; this version posted July 3, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license . The drop in reported invasive pneumococcal disease among adults during the first COVID-19 wave in the Netherlands explained. Kirsten Dirkx1,2, Bert Mulder1, Annelies Post1, Martijn Rutten3, Caroline Swanink4, Heiman Wertheim2, Amelieke Cremers2 1Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands 2Department of Clinical Microbiology, Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands 3Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 4Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Rijnstate, Arnhem, the Netherlands Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main bacterial pathogen causing respiratory infections. Since the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, less pneumococcal disease was identified by surveillance systems around the world. Measures to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 also reduce transmission of pneumococci, but this would gradually lead to lower disease rates. Here, we explore additional factors that have contributed to the instant drop in pneumococcal disease cases captured in surveillance. Our observations on referral practices and other impediments to diagnostic testing indicate that residual IPD has likely occurred but remained undetected by conventional hospital- based surveillance. Depending on setting, we discuss alternative monitoring strategies that could improve sight on pneumococcal disease dynamics. Keywords: S. pneumoniae, IPD, COVID-19, surveillance, pandemic NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice.
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