Expert Commentaries From 2009: Year in Review OSITIVE ULSE

Selected Readings

US and international guidelines revise Cooper D, Bloch M, Humphries A, et al, for the STEAL Study Investigators. Simplification with fixed-dose tenofovir/e recommendations for initiation of ART ntricitibine or / in adults with suppressed HIV replication: the STEAL Study, a randomized, open-label, Kitahata MM, Gange SJ, Abraham AG, et al. Effect of early 96-week, non-inferiority trial. 16th Conference on Retroviruses versus deferred antiretroviral therapy for HIV on survival. N Engl and Opportunistic Infections, February 8-11, 2009; Montreal, J Med. 2009;360(18):1815-1826. Canada. Abstract 576. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Costagliola D. The current debate on abacavir: risks and Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected relationship between HIV viremia and cardiovascular events. 5th adults and adolescents. Department of Health and Human IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, Services. December 1, 2009;1-161. Available at: http://www. July 19-22, 2009; Cape Town, South Africa. Abstract MOAB201. aidsinfo.nih.gov/ContentFiles/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf. Accessed December 7, 2009. D:A:D Study Group. Use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected Severe P, Pape J, Fitzgerald DW, et al. A randomized clinical patients enrolled in the D:A:D study: a multi-cohort collaboration. trial of early versus standard antiretroviral therapy for HIV- Lancet. 2008;371(9622):1417-1426. infected patients with a CD4 T cell count of 200-350 cells/mL (CIPRAHT001). 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Durand M, Sheehy O, Baril J-G, et al. Relation between use of Agents and Chemotherapy, September 12-15, 2009; San nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and risk of Francisco, CA. Abstract H-1230c. acute myocardial infarction (AMI): a nested case control study using Quebec’s public health insurance database (RAMQ). 5th When to Start Consortium. Timing of initiation of antiretroviral IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, therapy in AIDS-free HIV-1-infected patients: a collaborative July 19-22, 2009; Cape Town, South Africa. Poster TUPEB175. analysis of 18 HIV cohort studies. Lancet. 2009;373(9672): 1352-1363. Koenig W, Lowel H, Baumert J, Meisinger C. C-reactive protein modulates risk prediction based on the Framingham World Health Organization. Rapid advice: antiretroviral therapy score: results from a large cohort study in southern Germany. for HIV infection in adults and adolescents. Geneva, Switzerland: Circulation. 2004;109:1349-1353. World Health Organization. November 2009. Available online at: http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/treatment/en/index.html. Kuller LH, Tracy R, Belloso W, et al. Inflammatory and Accessed December 7, 2009. coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection. PLoS Med. 2008;5(10):e203. Safety of ARV drug classes: data on CVD risk Lang A, Mary-Krause M, Cotte L, et al, and the Clinical Epi Baker JV. Levels of inflammatory and coagulation markers Group of the French Hosp Database on HIV. Impact of specific after starting antiretroviral therapy. 47th Annual Meeting of the NRTI and PI exposure on the risk of myocardial infarction: Infectious Diseases Society of America, October 29–November a case-control study nested within FHDH ANRS CO4. 16th 1, 2009; Philadelphia, PA. Abstract 280. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 8-11, 2009; Montreal, Canada. Abstract 43LB. Bedimo R, Westfall A, Drechsler K, et al. Abacavir use and risk of acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease in the Lundgren J, Reiss P, Worm S, et al, and the D:A:D Study Group. HAART era. 5th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment Risk of myocardial infarction with exposure to specific ARV and Prevention, July 19-22, 2009; Cape Town, South Africa. from the PI, NNRTI, and NRTI drug classes: The D:A:D Study. Abstract MOAB202. 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 8-11, 2009; Montreal, Canada. Abstract 44LB. Benson C, Ribaudo H, Zheng E, et al, and the ACTG A5001/ ALLRT Protocol Team. No association of abacavir use with risk Martin A, Bloch M, Amin J, et al. Simplification of antiretroviral of myocardial infarction or severe cardiovascular disease events: therapy with tenofovir- or abacavir-lamivudine: a results from ACTG A5001. 16th Conference on Retroviruses randomized, 96-week trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(10):1591- and Opportunistic Infections, February 8-11, 2009; Montreal, 1601. Canada. Abstract 721.

1 Selected Readings CONT’D

Obel N, Farkas DK, Kromburg G, et al. Abacavir and risk of Squires K, Young B, DeJesus E, et al. Similar efficacy and myocardial infarction in HIV-infected patients on highly active an- tolerability of (ATV) compared to ATV/ (RTV, tiretroviral therapy: a population-based nationwide cohort study. r), each in combination with abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC), HIV Medicine. 2009 August 13. [Epub ahead of print] after initial suppression with ABC/3TC + ATV/r in HIV-1 infected patients: 84 week results of the ARIES trial. 5th IAS Conference Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Rifai N. C-reactive protein on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, July 19-22, and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovas- 2009; Cape Town, South Africa. Abstract WELBB103. cular disease in women. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:836-843. Yadzanpanah Y, Fagard C, Descamps D, et al. High rate New agents and emerging treatment strategies of virologic suppression with plus and /ritonavir among treatment-experienced patients in 2009 infected with multidrug-resistant HIV: results of the ANRS 139 Arribas J, Horban A, Gerstoft J, et al. The MONET trial: TRIO trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:1441-1449. darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy shows non-inferior efficacy to standard HAART, for patients with HIV RNA <50 copies/mL at New research on HIV and antiretroviral therapy in baseline. 5th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, July 19-22, 2009; Cape Town, South Africa. women and people of color Abstract TUAB106-LB. CDC. HIV/AIDS surveillance report: cases of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and dependent areas, 2007. Vol. 19. Eron J, Andrade J, Zajdenverg R, et al. Switching from stable Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers /ritonavir-based to raltegravir-based combination ART for Disease Control and Prevention; 2009:5-11. Available at: resulted in a superior lipid profile at week 12 but did not http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports. demonstrate non-inferior virologic efficacy at week 24. 16th Accessed July 31, 2009. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 8-11, 2009; Montreal, Canada. Abstract 70aLB. Eley T, Child M, Wang Y, et al. Steady state (PK) of atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) during pregnancy in HIV+ Gatell JM, Nguyen B-Y, Grinsztejn B, et al. 144-week efficacy women. 47th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society & safety of raltegravir in treatment-experienced patients. 47th of America, October 29–November 1, 2009; Philadelphia, PA. Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Abstract 272. (IDSA 2009), October 29-November 1, 2009; Philadelphia, PA. Abstract 276. Hodder SL, Jayaweera D, Mrus J, et al. GRACE (Gender, Race And Clinical Experience): etravirine (ETR) subgroup analysis at Highleyman L. Raltegravir (Isentress) has durable antiviral week 48. 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents activity and remains well-tolerated after 3 years. November and Chemotherapy, September 12-15, 2009; San Francisco, CA. 3, 2009. Available at http://www.hivandhepatitis.com/ Abstract H-919. recent/2009/110309_a.html. Accessed December 29, 2009. Kumar P, Currier J, Squires K, et al. Predictors of response in The INSIGHT–ESPRIT Study Group and SILCAAT Scientific GRACE. 47th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society Committee (Abrams D, Lévy Y, Losso MH, et al). Interleukin- of America, October 29–November 1, 2009; Philadelphia, PA. 2 therapy in patients with HIV infection. N Engl J Med. Abstract 335. 2009;361(16):1548-1559. Lockman S and the A5208/OCTANE Study Team. Lopinavir/ Katlama C, Valantin MA, Algarte-Genin M, et al. Efficacy of ritonavir + tenofovir/emtricitabine is superior to darunavir/ritonavir as single-drug maintenance therapy in + tenofovir/emtricitabine for women with prior exposure to patients with HIV-1 viral suppression: a randomized open-label single-dose nevirapine: A5208 (“OCTANE”). 16th Conference on non-inferiority trial, MONOI-ANRS 136. 5th IAS Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 8-11, 2009; HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, July 19-22, 2009; Montreal, Canada. Abstract 94LB. Cape Town, South Africa. Abstract WELBB102. Shapiro R, Hughes M, Ogwu A, et al. A randomized trial Lennox J, DeJesus E, Lazzarin A, et al. Raltegravir demon- comparing highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens for strates durable efficacy through 96 weeks (Wk): results from virologic efficacy and the prevention of mother-to-child HIV STARTMRK, a phase III study of raltegravir (RAL)-based vs transmission among breastfeeding women in Botswana (The (EFV)-based therapy in treatment-naïve HIV+ patients Mma Bana Study). 5th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, (Pts). 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Treatment and Prevention, July 19-22, 2009; Cape Town, South Chemotherapy, September 12-15, 2009; San Francisco, CA. Africa. Abstract WELBB101. Abstract H-924b. Smith KY, Garcia F, Ryan R, et al. GRACE (Gender Race and Quercia R, Dam E, Perez-Bercoff D, et al. Selective-advantage Clinical Experience): Outcomes by Race at Week 48. 49th Inter- profile of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase science Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, mutants explains in vivo evolution of raltegravir resistance September 12-15, 2009; San Francisco, CA. Abstract H-918. genotypes. J Virol. 2009;83(19):10245-10249.

2 Selected Readings CONT’D

Smith KY, Kumar PN, Patel P, et al. Differences in virologic Lalezari J, Richmond G, Thompson M. Pharmacokinetics and response among African-Americans and females regardless of safety of a novel 100 mg tablet formulation of MPC-4326 in therapy in the HEAT study. 5th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogen- subjects with HIV-1 infection. 49th Interscience Conference on esis, Treatment and Prevention. July 19-22, 2009; Cape Town, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 12-15, South Africa. Poster MOPEB033. 2009; San Francisco, CA. Abstract A1-1309. Squires K, Currier J, Bridge DA, et al. GRACE (Gender, Race Lalezari J, Sloan L, DeJesus E, et al. Potent antiviral activity of And Clinical Experience): 48-week results of darunavir/r-based S/GSK1349572, a next generation (INI), in therapy in the largest trial in North America to focus on treat- INI-naïve HIV-1-infected patients. 5th IAS Conference on HIV ment-experienced women. 5th IAS Conference on HIV Patho- Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, July 19-22, 2009; genesis, Treatment and Prevention, July 19-22, 2009; Cape Cape Town, South Africa. Abstract TUAB105. Town, South Africa. Poster MOPEB042. Min S, Song I, Borland J, et al. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Squires K, Olmscheid B, Guyer B, Zhang S. Tenofovir-DF (TDF)- safety in healthy subjects of S/GSK1349572, a next generation, containing antiretroviral (ARV) regimens for treatment of HIV in once-daily HIV integrase inhibitor (INI). 5th IAS Conference on pregnancy: findings from the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, July 19-22, 2009; (APR). 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents Cape Town, South Africa. Abstract WEPEA099. and Chemotherapy, September 12-15, 2009; San Francisco, CA. Min S, DeJesus E, McCurdy L, et al. Pharmacokinetics (PK) Abstract H-917. and safety in healthy and HIV-infected subjects and short-term Squires K, Nguyen KL, Absalon J et al. Safety and efficacy antiviral efficacy of S/GSK1265744, a next generation once daily of unboosted atazanavir (ATV)-based regimens in treatment- HIV integrase inhibitor. 49th Interscience Conference on Antimi- naïve patients by gender. 47th Annual Meeting of the Infectious crobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 12-15, 2009; San Diseases Society of America, October 29–November 1, 2009; Francisco, CA. Abstract H-1228. Philadelphia, PA. Abstract 275. Ramanathan S, Warren D, Wei L, Kearney BP. Pharmacokinetic Struble K, Soon G, Min M, et al. Meta-analysis of efficacy boosting of atazanavir with the pharmacoenhancer GS-9350 outcomes for treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced HIV- versus ritonavir. 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicro- infected women in randomized controlled clinical trials: 2000 bial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 12-15, 2009; San to 2008. 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Francisco, CA. Abstract A1-1301. Infections, February 8-11, 2009; Montreal, Canada. Abstract Song I, Min S, Borland J, et al. The effect of ritonavir- 987b. boosted protease inhibitors (PIs) on the HIV integrase inhibitor, World Health Organization. Rapid advice: antiretroviral therapy S/GSK1349572, in healthy subjects. 49th Interscience for HIV infection in adults and adolescents. Geneva, Switzerland: Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, World Health Organization. November 2009. Available online at: September 12-15, 2009; San Francisco, CA. Abstract A1-1304. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/arv/rapid_advice_art.pdf. Song I, Min S, Borland J, et al. Lack of interaction between the Accessed December 7, 2009 HIV integrase inhibitor, GSK1349572, and New drugs in development fumarate (TDF) in healthy subjects. 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 12-15, Bloch M, Bodsworth N, Fidler M, et al. Efficacy, safety and 2009; San Francisco, CA. Abstract A1-1303. pharmacokinetics of MPC-4326 (bevirimat dimeglumine) 200mg Song I, Patel A, Min S, et al. Evaluation of antacid and multivi- bid and 300mg bid monotherapy administered for 14 days in tamin (MVI) effects on S/GSK1349572 pharmacokinetics (PK) in subjects with HIV-1 infection. 49th Interscience Conference on healthy subjects. 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicro- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 12-15, bial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 12-15, 2009; San 2009; San Francisco, CA. Abstract H-1230. Francisco, CA. Abstract A1-1305. German P, Warren D, Wei L, et al. Effect of food on pharmaco- Underwood M, Johns B, Sato A, et al. S/GSK1349572: a next kinetics (PK) of (EVG), emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir generation integrase inhibitor with activity against integrase DF (TDF) and the pharmacoenhancer GS-9350 as a fixed dose inhibitor-resistant clinical isolates from patients experiencing combination tablet. 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicro- virologic failure while on raltegravir therapy. 5th IAS Conference bial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 12-15, 2009; San on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, July 19-22, Francisco, CA. Abstract A1-1300. 2009; Cape Town, South Africa. Poster WEPEA098. Gulnik S, Eissenstat M, Afonina E, et al. Preclinical and early Verheyen J, Verhofstede C, Knops E, et al. High prevalence of clinical evaluation of SPI-452, a new pharmacokinetic enhancer. bevirimat resistance mutations in protease inhibitor-resistant HIV 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, isolates. AIDS. 2009 November 18. [Epub ahead of print] February 8-11, 2009; Montreal, Canada. Abstract 41.

3 Selected Readings CONT’D

Universal opt-out testing for HIV; impact of test-and- treat strategies April MD, Walensky RP, Chiosi J, Paltiel D. The survival cost of opt-in consent for HIV testing. 47th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, October 29–November 1, 2009; Philadelphia, PA. Abstract 1254. Attia S, Egger M, Müller M, et al. Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS. 2009;23(11):1397-1404. Chen JY, Ma Q, Tian H, et al. HIV testing among patients screened, diagnosed, or treated for sexually transmitted diseases. 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 12-15, 2009; San Francisco, CA. Abstract L1-1651. Czarnogorski M, Brown J, Lee V, et al. Higher prevalence of HIV infection in patients who decline routine HIV testing than in those who accept it in an urban emergency department. 49th Inter- science Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 12-15, 2009; San Francisco, CA. Abstract H-239. Golubchik A, Lemanski M, Skiest, D. HIV testing in the emergency department: a survey of ED providers. 47th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, October 29–November 1, 2009; Philadelphia, PA. Abstract 312. Granich R. HAART as prevention. 5th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, July 19-22, 2009; Cape Town, South Africa. Abstract MOPL101. Granich RM, Gilks CF, Dye C, et al. Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for elimination of HIV transmission: a mathematical model. Lancet. 2009;373(9657):48-57. Sullivan P, Kayitenkore K, Chomba E, et al. Reduction of HIV transmission risk and high risk sex while prescribed ART: results from discordant couples in Rwanda and Zambia. 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 8-11, 2009; Montreal, Canada. Abstract 52bLB. Walensky RP, Paltiel AD, Losina E, et al. Test and treat DC: modeling the impact of a comprehensive HIV strategy in the US capitol. 5th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, July 19-22, 2009; Cape Town, South Africa. Abstract LBPEC04.

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