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Mondmilch Et Coralloïdes: Étude Multiphysique Des Concrétions De La Grotte Laboratoire De Genèse de faciès calcitiques : mondmilch et coralloïdes : étude multiphysique des concrétions de la grotte laboratoire de Leye (Dordogne) Léna Bassel To cite this version: Léna Bassel. Genèse de faciès calcitiques : mondmilch et coralloïdes : étude multiphysique des concré- tions de la grotte laboratoire de Leye (Dordogne). Archéologie et Préhistoire. Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2017. Français. NNT : 2017BOR30033. tel-01729035 HAL Id: tel-01729035 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01729035 Submitted on 12 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Université Bordeaux Montaigne École Doctorale Montaigne Humanités (ED 480) THÈSE DE DOCTORAT EN PHYSIQUE DES ARCHÉOMATÉRIAUX Genèse de faciès calcitiques : mondmilch et coralloïdes Étude multiphysique des concrétions de la grotte laboratoire de Leye (Dordogne) Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 13 décembre 2017 par Léna BASSEL Sous la direction de Rémy Chapoulie, Catherine Ferrier et Bruno Bousquet Membres du jury A. BRYSBAERT (examinateur), Professeur, Université de Leiden R. CHAPOULIE (directeur de thèse), Professeur, Université Bordeaux Montaigne C. FERRIER (directrice de thèse), Maître de conférences, Université de Bordeaux O. FORNI (rapporteur), Directeur de recherche, IRAP J. JAUBERT (président du jury), Professeur, Université de Bordeaux M. MENU (rapporteur), Ingénieur de recherche, C2RMF C. PECHEYRAN (examinateur), Ingénieur de recherche, IPREM G. PINÇON (invitée), Directrice du CNP, MCC Remerciements C’est pour commencer un grand merci collectif que je souhaite adresser à l’ensemble des personnes que j’ai pu rencontrer au cours de ces trois années de thèse. Au moment où j’écris ces lignes, je suis empreinte d’une immense gratitude à tous ceux qui ont croisé ma route et ont fait que ces années de thèse resteront inoubliables, que ce soit du monde de la recherche, universitaire ou dans la sphère personnelle. Tout d’abord, je tiens à remercier Pierre Guibert, directeur de l’IRAMAT-CRP2A lorsque ma thèse a démarré, de m’avoir accueillie au sein du laboratoire. Un merci simultané à Catherine Ferrier, Delphine Lacanette, Rémy Chapoulie et Bruno Bousquet pour m’avoir offert la possibilité de travailler à leurs côtés et d’avoir fait en sorte que ma thèse se déroule dans les meilleures conditions. Merci aux membres du jury, notamment Michel Menu et Olivier Forni pour avoir accepté d’être rapporteurs de mon travail et Jacques Jaubert pour avoir présidé ce jury et pour le temps consacré à améliorer le premier chapitre à l’issue de la soutenance. Merci aussi à Ann Brysbaert, Christophe Pecheyran et Geneviève Pinçon pour avoir porté de l’intérêt à ma thèse. J’ai été amenée à travailler avec de nombreuses personnes et le premier merci que je souhaite adresser est destiné à Faten Ammari pour tout ce que j’ai appris à ses côtés et pour sa gentillesse. Viennent ensuite Mathieu Bosq puis Marion Corbé pour m’avoir embarquée lors de certaines sessions prospection et pour tout le reste, c’était un grand plaisir de croiser votre chemin ! Naturellement, je tiens à remercier les membres des laboratoires dans lesquels j’ai pu évoluer au cours des 3 dernières années. Au CRP2A, je remercie ainsi Yannick Lefrais pour les nombreux échantillons passés au MEB, Nadia, Brigitte, Julie, Stéfan, FX, Anna, et tous ceux avec qui j’ai pu interagir. Je tiens notamment à remercier Pierre Selva, Ourida Gaucher et Sophie Philippot pour leur disponibilité immédiate et leur aide au moindre souci. À PACEA, je remercie beaucoup Alain Queffelec pour son implication dans mon travail et pour m’avoir accueillie à chacune de mes sollicitations pour des manips. Enfin, aux membres du A4, d’abord LOMA puis CELIA, je dis un grand merci à Inka, Lionel, Sophie et Wendé. Pas de thèse sans grotte de Leye, je me dois donc de remercier Mr Delbos, le propriétaire de la grotte, M. Dauzier propriétaire riverain et M. Délibie, maire de Marquay pour leur soutien indispensable au programme PHYT, qui ont permis les nombreuses missions terrain rythmant ces trois dernières années. Merci à toutes les personnes que j’ai pu croiser dans les galeries de Leye et qui font que le projet avance : Stéphane Konik, Jean- Christophe Portais, Fabien Naessens. Impossible de ne pas remercier Guilhem Mauran, fournissant un travail considérable sur le mondmilch lors de son stage et sur lequel j’ai pu m’appuyer tout au long de ma thèse. Quelle chance de démarrer dans des conditions pareilles ! J’espère n’oublier personne dans les remerciements très importants qui vont suivre. En effet, nombreux ont été mes interlocuteurs pour diverses manips impossibles à effectuer au CRP2A, me permettant ainsi d’accéder à des données que je n’aurai pas pu avoir sans leur aide, expertise ou équipements. J’ai eu la chance d’être reçue par deux fois au LSCE par Dominique Genty, Edouard Régnier et Dominique Blamart. Merci pour cette initiation aux isotopes de la calcite, pour l’accueil, et merci infiniment à Dominique pour l’hébergement. À l’ILM, merci à Vincent Motto-Ros, Frédéric Pelascini du CRITT Matériau Alsace pour les magnifiques cartographies LIBS qui ont grandement fait avancer mes recherches. Merci à Hélène Coqueugniot et Ronan Ledevin pour les acquisitions au microscanner et Charlotte Rittemard pour le temps passé au traitement des images. Merci à Nicolas Peyraube pour son intérêt à venir prélever de l’eau à Leye et pour le temps passé à m’expliquer l’hydrologie des grottes. Merci à Guillaume Guimbretière d’être venu avec son Raman portable qu’à la grotte de Leye pour une série de mesures. Merci aussi à Dominique Lafon et Hélène Garay de m’avoir accueillie à Pau le temps d’une journée. Merci à Bruno Dutailly pour avoir répondu à mes sollicitations concernant l’outil de géoréférencement 3D et pour l’accès à l’Odéon dans les meilleures conditions lors des dernières répétitions. Merci à Frédéric Santos pour ses réponses à mes nombreuses questions sur les statistiques. J’adresse un immense merci à l’ensemble des relecteurs des chapitres qui m’ont grandement aidé à améliorer le manuscrit : mes encadrants bien sûr, mais également Stéphane Konik, Nicolas Peyraube, Dominique Genty, Dominique Blamart et Frédéric Santos. Je remercie aussi les auteurs qui m’ont permis de reproduire des figures publiées pour illustrer le manuscrit. Lorsque je repasse le film de ces trois dernières années, quelques moments forts me viennent pêle-mêle et je souhaite en profiter pour remercier Catherine de m’avoir offert le privilège de rentrer dans la grotte de Cussac, et ce à plusieurs reprises. Ma première visite commentée par Jean-Christophe Portais et Jacques Jaubert reste un souvenir incroyable. Merci à Dominique Genty grâce à qui je suis partie découvrir, le temps d’un colloque, le nouveau monde. Je pense également à plusieurs personnes sans qui je ne serai pas arrivée là aujourd’hui. Merci à Pierre Guibert pour m’avoir accepté en stage de fin d’études, me permettant ainsi de mettre un premier pied dans le monde de la recherche. Merci infiniment à Patrick Mounaix pour son soutien dès la première heure et pour m’avoir « relancée » grâce à un contrat suite à mon master. Mon arrivée dans l’équipe SLAM est un excellent souvenir et je remercie ici Joyce et JB pour ces quelques mois en votre compagnie et pour votre présence depuis. Je n’oublie pas non plus Josette, malheureusement trop loin pour nous éclairer de ses lumières et de sa bonne humeur au quotidien ! Merci enfin à Rémy Chapoulie, porteur du programme Région PHYT, qui m’a fait confiance et permis de bénéficier de la bourse de thèse. Je remercie l’ensemble des doctorants du CRP2A avec une mention spéciale à ceux avec qui j’ai partagé le bureau pour y avoir fait régner une atmosphère chaleureuse, à la fois par la déco, la coulée verte, les discussions, les pizzas et les pauses. Merci donc à Brice, Pierre, Marie-Claire, Maryam, Carole et Arthur, aux anciens Nino, Petra, Loïc, Nicolas ainsi qu’au sang tout neuf qui prend le relais avec JB et Emmie. Un merci tout particulier à Brice pour le soutien apporté tout au long de la thèse, particulièrement précieux lors de notre rédaction et du sprint final. Le temps de la thèse a été l’occasion de faire de nombreuses expériences et j’ai notamment pris beaucoup de plaisir à travailler avec les différents stagiaires qui ont participé au projet le temps d’un stage : un grand merci aux tous premiers Maïmiti et Xavier. Merci également à Pierre, Alfred, Guillaume et Clément. Merci pour votre participation et votre investissement dans mon travail ! Du côté de PACEA, je souhaite remercier Alix Gibaud pour les 3 jours de prospection que nous avons partagés avec Marion et sa contribution au projet. Merci beaucoup à l’équipe pédagogique du CRP2A pour m’avoir permis d’effectuer quelques heures d’enseignements lors de ma dernière année, sacrée expérience ! Par la nature multidisciplinaire de mon sujet, j’ai eu la chance de côtoyer différentes communautés scientifiques, notamment lors des colloques, moments extrêmement formateurs et enrichissants dans ma vie de doctorante. Il m’a ainsi été possible de rencontrer de formidables personnes lors de ces congrès et je remercie particulièrement Delphine pour sa motivation à toute épreuve, qui m’a soutenu depuis le début en me faisant profiter de son expérience.
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