DOCSLIB.ORG

SEASONAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY of the MAIZE WEEVIL, <I>

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SEASONAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY of the MAIZE WEEVIL, <I> University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 1989 SEASONAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF THE MAIZE WEEVIL, SITOPHlLUS ZEAMAIS MOTSCHULSKY (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), AND THE RICE WEEVIL, S. ORYZAE (L.), IN SOUTH CAROLINA James E. Throne USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS, [email protected] L. Daniel Cline USDA-ARS Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Throne, James E. and Cline, L. Daniel, "SEASONAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF THE MAIZE WEEVIL, SITOPHlLUS ZEAMAIS MOTSCHULSKY (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), AND THE RICE WEEVIL, S. ORYZAE (L.), IN SOUTH CAROLINA" (1989). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 2005. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/2005 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. SEASONAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF THE MAIZE WEEVIL, SITOPHlLUS ZEAMAIS MOTSCHULSKY (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), AND THE RICE WEEVIL, S. ORYZAE (L.), IN SOUTH CAROLINA' James E. Throne and L. Daniel Cline Stored·Product Insects Research and Development Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture P.o. Box 22909, Savannah, GA 31403 (Accepted for publication 24 March 1989) ABSTRACT Flight activity of Sitophilu!l zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidne) and S. oryzae (L.) was monitored during 1987-88 with sticky traps at three sites in South Carolina. Weevils were caught from late March to early November. The results indicate that temperature is the major factor determining seasonal flight activity of these weevils. More S. zeamais than S. oryzae were trapped at all sites. Sitophilus o1)'zae were abundant only at the site at which wheat was stored. There was no apparent pattern to flight activity within a storage site. The results indicate that there is little night activity around bins in which recommended pest control practices are followed. Key Words: Insecta. Sitophifus zeamais. Sitophilus oryzae. stored products. seasonal flight activity. J. Agric. Ent.omoJ. 6(3): 183·192 (July 1989) The maize weevil (SZ), Silophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: CUl'culionidae), and the rice weevil (SO), S. oryzae (L.), are major pests of stored grains throughout most of the world. The bionomics of these species has been intensively studied in the laboratory (Longstaff 1981); however, field studies on their bionomics nre rare. Knowledge of the seasonal llight activity of both weevil species is un important step toward understanding their population dynamics, which is essential for making knowledgeable pest control decisions. There are several reports on the seasonal flight activity of SZ. Kirk (1965) reported on flight activity of 5Z from April through September near a com storage area in South Carolina. The weevils in that paper were originally designated as S. oryzae; however, Giles (1969) later identified the weevils as S. zeamais. Giles (1969) moved one suction trap to various sites in Kenya over a 1-year period and reported on SZ flight activity. \VilIiams and Floyd (1970) reported on night activity of SZ throughout the year at a corn storage site in Louisiana. There are no comprehensive data on the seasonal night activity of SO. Schwitzgebel and Walkden (1944) caught a few rice weevils on sticky traps at a wheat storage site in Kansas. No previous reports have been published on the comparative seasonal flight activity of the two species. We report here on the seasonal flight activity of SO and SZ at three grain storage sites in South Carolina. I Names of products are included for tile benefit of the reader and do not imply endorsement or preferential treatment by USDA. 183 184 J. Agric. Entomol. Vol. 6, No.3 (1989) MATERIALS AND METHODS Weevil flight was monitored weekly, using sticky traps, in three counties in southern South Carolina from 18 March 1987 to 6 April 1988. At each site, traps were arranged in t\....o approximately concentric rings. At the Hampton Co. and Bamberg Co. sites, the inner ring consisted of four traps placed ca. 0.5 m from a bin in each of the major compass directions. The outer ring consisted of four traps, each of which was placed (if possible) in line (by compass direction) with the inner trap at varying distances from a bin (Fig. 1). Traps were placed in the northwest, northeast, east, southeast, and southwest compass directions at the Barnwell Co. site because of the large size of the storage Brea. The site near Scotia (Fig. IA: Hampton Co.) consisted of three cylindrical, metal grain storage bins (capacities in bushels: 1 - ca. 12,700; 2 & 3 - ca. 5,900 each) arranged in a north-south direction \vith a fourth bin (capacity ca. 17,000 bu) located east of the northernmost bin. There was a grove of about 50 pecan trees adjacent to the southernmost bin. Corn was grown south of the pecan grove (ca. 50 m south of the bins). Soybeans were grown west and north of the bins, and there were woods ca. 80 m east of the bins. The site in Bamberg Co. (Fig. IB) was ca. 17 km southeast of Bamberg, and consisted of foul' cylindrical metal bins (ca. 3,300 bu capacity each) arranged in a north - south direction. Corn was grown on the east and south sides of the bins, and there were woods ca. 40 m south of the bins. There were storage sheds and 2­ ca. 50 bu capacity bins containing hog feed sUI>plement and oats west of the bins. Peanuts were grown north of the bins, and there was a swine production area ca. 120 m north of the bins. The site in Barnwell Co. (Fig. IC) was ca. 3 km northwest of Blackville, and consisted of six cylindrical metal bins (capacities: I & 2 - ca. 6,800 bu each; 3 & 4 - ca. 3,900 bu each; 5 & 6 - ca. 7,500 bu each) arranged in an east-west direction. There was a cow pasture on the east and north sides of the bins and a barn and office on the west side of the bins. There was an old wooden barn containing grain residue ca. 15 m southeast of the ensternmost bin. There were pesticide and fertilizer storage tanks ca. 20 III south of the bins and another cow pasture ca. 50 m south of the bins. Corn was grown about 250 m south of the bins. Traps were 12 by 12 by II in (30.48 by 30.48 by 0.32 em) clear plexiglass supported vertically on a 2 by 2 by 60 in (5.08 by 5.08 by 152.4 em) wooden stake. The nut surface of the trap was placed at u tangent to the bin. Twelve inches (30.48 em) of the stake was buried in the ground. Therefore, the bottom of the plexiglnss trap was 4 ft (121.9 em) above the ground, or at approximately the height of ears of corn on a plant. Kirk (1965) rcported that a majority of SZ fly at com ear height. Clear plastic film was taped to both sides of the traps and a 23 by 23 em area on both sides of the trap was coated with a sticky substance (Tangle­ Trap~, Tanglefoot Co., Grand Rapids, MIl. The traps were changed weekly at each site. Weevils were removed with forceps and identified in the laboratory (Halstcad 1964). The plastic film on the traps was removed and discorded, and new film and Tangle-Tl'op'.l\ were placed on the plexiglass traps. The type and approximate quantity of commodity stored in each bin at each of the sites was observed and recorded every 4 weeks. Com, soybeans, and sunflower seeds were stored at the Hampton Co. site (Fig. 2); corn, soybeans, and mixtures B - Bamberg Co . A - Hampton Co. soybean field woods NO corn field @ EO ® Vl "0 ". o o 8~·m ~ ..,··..0 0 0 ....E.O. ~:~ ~j WI '0- t2> : wo ~e:e=J c CD GEl;;;;; EO N o ­ .0" ~ C- Barnwell Co . o 00 cow pasture V1 WOmmWlv"m f,\ . EO SI )0,,, ~ 20 m SO pecan grove swo SEO corn field • cow posture Fig. 1. Location of sticky traps at: A, Hampton Co.; B. Bamberg Co.; and C, Barnwell Co. (not drawn exactly to scale). Location of sticky traps is indicated by a location designation. For example, iI indicates the location of the north inner trap and NO indicates the location of the north outer trap. Distances between the bins and the traps are shown. A: 1-4 - Grain bins; 5-10 small, empty storage bins; 11- concrete loading slab; 12 - equipment shed. B: 1·4· Grain bins; 5-7· small bins containing hog feed supplement or oats; 8 - equipment building. C: 1-6 - Grain bins; 7 - office and barn; 8· barn; 9-10­ fertilizer and pesticide storage. L86 J. Agrie. EntomoL Vol. 6. No.3 (1989) "~ Homplon CO. fi Tolel UOl>FMd: _ -. 91 SZ o o 1 SO t 1\ i \ " I, ;"\ 1 :- I \1' \./'.' ! \/~ \•.••. I'·. I \ -./.. \ ..... ce.I\._· ,. 009000000000000 0.00.0000000•••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 .-....,--I----+->-+-<-.-......./-.-_....!-.--+-+-,-....>-I---O-\-. <-->-+-t-<-....--.-I-I.......'. I ." •-.-. /..... ........'1\ •.-,.-.-. •• • ••••••0••••••••••••••••••, ••••0., •-V--·· . .,-. ••.•• S.o·2 N..... 11 Jon 20 > \0.1)00 o "> > o 0«1 .la"' fobl .... I ...,,0 u Fig. 2. Number of weevils, total precipitation, and maximum temperature per week; and quantity and type of commodity stored in 4 bins at Hampton Co. Precipitation and temperature data were not reported by NOAA for Hampton Co. for November 1987.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Insect Pests of Stored Grain Blog
    Insect Pests of Stored Grain Insect Pest Population Potential • Insects are 1/16 to ½ inch depending on the species. • Large numbers insects in small amounts of debris. • 500 female insects • each female produces 200 offspring • 10 million insects in two generations. Adapted from the Penn State University Agronomy Guide Store Grain Insects Economic Damage • Lose up to 10% of the grain weight in a full storage bin • grain bin containing 30,000 bushels of corn valued at $3.00 per bushel would lose $9,000 • The loss does not include dockage or the cost of eliminating the insects from the grain. Adapted from the Penn State University Agronomy Guide Sampling for Bugs Looking for Bugs Docking screens can be used to separate beetles from the grain. Primary Stored Grain Feeders in NYS Weevils • Granary Weevil • Rice Weevil • Maize Weevil Beetles • Lesser Grain Borer Moths • Angoumois grain moth Weevils Have Snouts! Snout No Snout Gary Alpert, Harvard University, Bugwood.org Gary Alpert, Harvard University, Bugwood.org Maize Weevil Lesser Grain Borer Granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) • polished, blackish or brown. • 3/16 of an inch long • no wings • Not in the field • longitudinal punctures- thorax • 80-300 eggs laid • One egg per grain kernel • corn, oats, barley, rye, and wheat Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series , Bugwood.org Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) • 3/32 of an inch. • reddish brown to black • Small round pits-thorax • Has wings with yellow markings • Lays 80-500 eggs inside of grain • One egg per grain kernel • Start in the field • wheat, corn, oats, rye, Joseph Berger, Bugwood.org barley, sorghum, buckwheat, dried beans Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais • Very similar to rice weevil • slightly larger • 1/8 of an inch long • Small round pits on thorax with a mid line.
    [Show full text]
  • Life History of Immature Maize Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Corn Stored at Constant Temperatures and Relative Humiditi
    Popur,erroN Ecor,ocv Life History of Immature Maize Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)on Corn Storedat Constant Temperaturesand Relative Humidities in the Laboratorv JAMESE. THRONE Sto re d- P ro a" " t I" "L::1, "8llTr%?torv'u s D A-A Rs' ffi fi:Tfr ff#l:t.t ABSTRACTLire historr";itiff*""ii?1",1,"#'*t"tilulitrl f"tit)r", zeamaisMotschursky, was studied at 10-40'C and 4T76Vo RH. The optimal quantity of corn for minimizing density effects and the optimal observation frequency for minimizing disturbance effects were determined at 30'C and 75Vo RH. The quantity of corn (32-256 g) provided to five females ovipositing for 24 h did not affect duration of development, but the number of progeny produced increased asymptotically as the quantity of corn provided increased. Frequency of observation (from l- to l4-d intervals) did not affect duration of development or number of progeny produced. Using moisture contents measured in the life history study, an equation was developed for predicting equilibrium moisture content of corn from temperature and relative humidity. Duration of immature development did not vary with sex, but did vary with test. This suggests that insect strain or chemical composition of the corn must be included as factors in a model predicting effects of environment on duration of immature development. Survival from egg to adult emergence was greatest at 25'C. Sex ratio of emerging adults did not differ from l:1. The number of multiply-infested kernels was low at all environmental conditions, and survival from egg to adult emergence in these kernels averaged L8Vo.
    [Show full text]
  • Control Strategies and Breeding Efforts in Sorghum for Resistance to Storage Weevils
    Vol. 11(33), pp. 3065-3073, 18 August, 2016 DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2016.11164 Article Number: B656E4B60029 African Journal of Agricultural ISSN 1991-637X Copyright ©2016 Research Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR Review Control strategies and breeding efforts in sorghum for resistance to storage weevils Maletsema Alina, Mofokeng Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa. Received 29 April, 2016; Accepted 2 June, 2016 Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is one of the main staple cereal crops grown worldwide. It is used for food, feed, fodder and bio-ethanol. Biotic and abiotic challenges are the major constraints of the crop. Among the biotic constraints, weevil attack is the most devastating causing yield reduction ranging between 15 and 77%. This paper highlights control strategies and progresses of breeding sorghum towards improved yield and weevil resistance. The use of resistant varieties is an economically feasible, technically easy and environmentally friendly alternative to minimize losses due to storage insect pests. Breeding for post-harvest insect pest resistance is the most important component to improve yield and reduce the impact of weevils. Also to combine resistance to post- harvest insect pests with other desirable plant characters such as high yield, and good quality to provide the basic foundation on which to build an integrated pest management system. Estimation of combining ability to resistance to weevils in sorghum helps in selection of good combiners, and the nature of gene action involved. Marker assisted breeding could have a complementary role in sorghum breeding for introgression of resistance genes and their fast enhancement in succeeding generations in the breeding programmes.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Essential Oils from 24 Plant Species on Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
    insects Article Effects of Essential Oils from 24 Plant Species on Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) William R. Patiño-Bayona 1, Leidy J. Nagles Galeano 1 , Jenifer J. Bustos Cortes 1 , Wilman A. Delgado Ávila 1, Eddy Herrera Daza 2, Luis E. Cuca Suárez 1, Juliet A. Prieto-Rodríguez 3 and Oscar J. Patiño-Ladino 1,* 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; [email protected] (W.R.P.-B.); [email protected] (L.J.N.G.); [email protected] (J.J.B.C.); [email protected] (W.A.D.Á.); [email protected] (L.E.C.S.) 2 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; [email protected] 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch) is a major pest in stored grain, responsible for significant economic losses and having a negative impact on food security. Due to the harmful effects of traditional chemical controls, it has become necessary to find new insecticides that are both effective and safe. In this sense, plant-derived products such as essential oils (EOs) appear to be appropriate alternatives. Therefore, laboratory assays were carried out to determine the Citation: Patiño-Bayona, W.R.; chemical compositions, as well as the bioactivities, of various EOs extracted from aromatic plants on Nagles Galeano, L.J.; Bustos Cortes, the maize weevil. The results showed that the tested EOs were toxic by contact and/or fumigance, J.J.; Delgado Ávila, W.A.; Herrera and many of them had a strong repellent effect.
    [Show full text]
  • PESTS of STORED PRODUCTS a 'Pest of Stored Products' Can Refer To
    PESTS OF STORED PRODUCTS A ‘pest of stored products’ can refer to any organism that infests and damages stored food, books and documents, fabrics, leather, carpets, and any other dried or preserved item that is not used shortly after it is delivered to a location, or moved regularly. Technically, these pests can include microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, arthropods such as insects and mites, and vertebrates such as rodents and birds. Stored product pests are responsible for the loss of millions of dollars every year in contaminated products, as well as destruction of important documents and heritage artifacts in homes, offices and museums. Many of these pests are brought indoors in items that were infested when purchased. Others originate indoors when susceptible items are stored under poor storage conditions, or when stray individual pests gain access to them. Storage pests often go unnoticed because they infest items that are not regularly used and they may be very small in size. Infestations are noticed when the pests emerge from storage, to disperse or sometimes as a result of crowding or after having exhausted a particular food source, and search for new sources of food and harborage. Unexplained occurrences of minute moths and beetles flying in large numbers near stored items, or crawling over countertops, walls and ceilings, powdery residues below and surrounding stored items, and stale odors in pantries and closets can all indicate a possible storage pest infestation. Infestations in stored whole grains or beans can also be detected when these are soaked in water, and hollowed out seeds rise to the surface, along with the adult stages of the pests, and other debris.
    [Show full text]
  • Screening of Promising Maize Genotypes Against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus Zeamais Motschulky) in Storage Condition
    Journal of Maize Research and Development (2017) 3 (1):108-119 ISSN: 2467-9291 (Print), 2467-9305 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v3i1.18927 Screening of promising maize genotypes against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulky) in storage condition 1Ram B Paneru and 2Resham B Thapa 1Entomology Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur 2Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal *Corresponding author email: [email protected] ORCID ID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0684-6739 Received: August 27, 2017; Revised: September 19, 2017; Accepted: December 25, 2017 © Copyright 2017 Paneru and Thapa This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. ABSTRACT The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) is a serious pest of economic importance in stored grains. It causes major damage to stored maize grain thereby reducing its weight, quality and germination. An experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications to screen 32 maize genotypes against maize weevil in no-choice and free-choice conditions at Entomology Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur (Room temperature: Maximum 24-32°C and Minimum 18-27°C). The findings showed that the maize genotypes had different response to maize weevil damage ranging from susceptible to tolerance. The genotypes Manakamana-3, Lumle White POP Corn and Ganesh-2 showed their tolerance to S. zeamais as evidenced by lower number of weevil emerged/attracted, lower amount of grain debris release and lower proportion of bored grains, while the genotype ZM-627 was the most susceptible to weevil damage in both tests. The other remaining genotypes were intermediate types.
    [Show full text]
  • Selective Arcing Electrostatically Eradicates Rice Weevils in Rice Grains
    insects Article Selective Arcing Electrostatically Eradicates Rice Weevils in Rice Grains Koji Kakutani 1, Yoshihiro Takikawa 2,* and Yoshinori Matsuda 3 1 Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute and Anti-Aging Centers, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; [email protected] 2 Plant Center, Institute of Advanced Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 642-0017, Japan 3 Laboratory of Phytoprotection Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Rice stored in warehouses is frequently attacked by rice weevils, which must therefore be controlled. We developed an electrostatic method as an alternative to pesticides. An arc discharge exposer (ADE) kills insects entering an electric field. The apparatus has pairs of identical metal plates, one of which is linked to a voltage generator for negative charging, the other is grounded. A −7 kV electric field forms between the two plates. When an insect enters the electric field it is arced by the charged plate and killed. We combined this method with a technique that lures insects hiding in rice grains. When a vessel containing rice and insects was rotated and then returned to the initial position, the weevils climbed up the vessel walls and entered the ADE. Dead insects were collected to minimize rice contamination. This method efficiently killed pests in stored rice. Abstract: We developed an arc discharge exposer (ADE) that kills rice weevils nesting in dried rice. The ADE features multiple identical metal plates, half of these are linked to a voltage generator and Citation: Kakutani, K.; Takikawa, Y.; the others are grounded.
    [Show full text]
  • Diatomaceous Earth As Insecticide Rice Weevil
    Pest Control Newsletter Issue No.43 July 2016 Published by the Rice weevil Pest Control Advisory Section Issue No.43 JULY 2016 The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, is one of the 300 to 400 eggs in her average lifetime of four INSIDE Diatomaceous Earth most economically important pests of stored whole to five months. The egg hatches into a legless THIS Rice weevil grains in the world. This weevil is widely distributed larva which has a short, stout, whitish body and ISSUE as Insecticide worldwide in warmer regions. They are usually tan head. It feeds on the interior of the grain found in grain storage facilities or processing plants, kernel. When mature, the larva changes to a infesting rice, wheat, oats, corn, nuts, rye, and barley. white pupa and later emerges as an adult beetle. At home, infestations are generally found in rice, The adult can fly and is attracted to light. They feign Diatomaceous Earth as Insecticide beans, sunflower seeds, whole corn, and occasionally death when disturbed by drawing their legs close to in old pasta such as macaroni and spaghetti. the body and then lying still for several minutes. Rice weevils are harmless to people, pets, furniture Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is a naturally occurring, soft, or get into the eyes. To achieve effective pest control, and clothes. They do not bite, sting or transmit siliceous sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled into sanitation efforts are keys. Elimination of food sources diseases. The damage they do is destruction of the a fine white powder. It contains fossilized remains of and harbouraging places for pests are the basic and grains they infest.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genome Sequence of the Cereal Pest Sitophilus Oryzae: an Unprecedented Transposable Element Content
    The genome sequence of the cereal pest Sitophilus oryzae: an unprecedented transposable element content PARISOT Nicolas1,$, VARGAS-CHAVEZ Carlos1,2,†,$, GOUBERT Clément3,4,‡,$, BAA-PUYOULET Patrice1, BALMAND Séverine1, BERANGER Louis1, BLANC Caroline1, BONNAMOUR Aymeric1, BOULESTEIX Matthieu3, BURLET Nelly3, CALEVRO Federica1, CALLAERTS PatricK5, CHANCY THéo1, CHARLES Hubert1,6, COLELLA Stefano1,§, DA SILVA BARBOSA André7, DELL’AGLIO Elisa1, DI GENOVA Alex3,6,8, FEBVAY Gérard1, GABALDON Toni9,10,11, GALVÃO FERRARINI Mariana1, GERBER Alexandra12, GILLET Benjamin13, HUBLEY Robert14, HUGHES Sandrine13, JACQUIN-JOLY Emmanuelle7, MAIRE Justin1,‖, MARCET-HOUBEN Marina9, MASSON Florent1,£, MESLIN Camille7, MONTAGNE Nicolas7, MOYA Andrés2,15, RIBEIRO DE VASCONCELOS Ana Tereza12, RICHARD Gautier16, ROSEN Jeb14, SAGOT Marie- France3,6, SMIT Arian F.A.14, STORER Jessica M.14, VINCENT-MONEGAT Carole1, VALLIER Agnès1, VIGNERON Aurélien1,#, ZAIDMAN-REMY Anna1, ZAMOUM Waël1, VIEIRA Cristina3,6,*, REBOLLO Rita1,*, LATORRE Amparo2,15,* and HEDDI Abdelaziz1,* 1 Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, INRAE, BF2I, UMR 203, 69621 Villeurbanne, France. 2 Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SySBio), Universitat de València and SpanisH ResearcH Council (CSIC), València, Spain. 3 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, Université Lyon 1, Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France. 4 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 526 Campus Rd, Cornell University, ItHaca, New YorK 14853, USA. 5 KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium. 6 ERABLE European Team, INRIA, Rhône-Alpes, France. 7 INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Versailles, France. 8 Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, CHile.
    [Show full text]
  • Rice Weevil,Sitophilus Oryzae
    ENY261 Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)1 P. G. Koehler2 Appearance Habits The rice weevil (Figure 1) is small, 1/10 inch (2 to 3 mm) and The rice weevil is one of the most serious stored grain pests stout in appearance. It is very similar in appearance to the worldwide. This pest of whole grain originated in India granary weevil. However, the rice weevil is reddish-brown and has been spread worldwide by commerce. It now has a to black in color with four light yellow or reddish spots on cosmopolitan distribution. It is a serious pest in the south- the corners of the elytra (the hard protective forewings). ern United States. The rice weevil is replaced by the granary The snout is long (1 mm), almost 1/3 of the total length. weevil north of North Carolina and Tennessee. Both the The head with snout is as long as the prothorax or the adults and larvae feed on whole grains. They attack wheat, elytra. The prothorax (the body region behind the head) corn, oats, rye, barley, sorghum, buckwheat, dried beans, is strongly pitted and the elytra have rows of pits within cashew nuts, wild bird seed, and cereal products, especially longitudinal grooves. The larva is legless and stays inside macaroni. The adult rice weevil can fly and is attracted to the hollowed grain kernel. It is fat with a cream colored lights. When disturbed, adults pull in their legs, fall to the body and dark head capsule. ground, and feign death. The larval rice weevil must com- plete its development inside a seed kernel or a man-made equivalent, like macaroni products.
    [Show full text]
  • Rice Weevil Fact Sheet
    Rice weevil fact sheet Rice weevils are usually found in grain storage facilities or processing plants, infesting wheat, oats, rye, barley, rice, and corn. Although not often found in the home, they are sometimes found infesting beans, birdseed, sunflower seeds, dried corn, and too a lesser degree macaroni and spaghetti. Rice weevils do not bite, nor do they damage wood or furniture. Life cycle The adult female rice weevil lays an average of four eggs per day and may live for four to five months (producing 250-400 eggs). A single generation can be completed in around twenty eight days. The eggs hatch in about 3 days. The larvae feed inside the grain kernel for an average of eighteen days. The pupal stage lasts an average of six days (5-16 range). The new adult will remain in the seed for three to four days while it's cuticle hardens and matures. Description Adult weevils are about 3/32 to 1/8 inch long (2-3mm). The adult rice weevil is a dull reddish-brown to black with round or irregularly shaped pits on the thorax and four light reddish or yellowish spots on the elytra (wing covers). The adult weevil can fly and is attracted to lights. The larval stage is legless, humpbacked, and white to creamy white, with a small tan head. The maize weevil is very similar to the rice weevil, but larger. Control Control of these insects involves inspection and removal of infested food products, discarding the heavily infested material, repackaging material in new containers, and vacuuming kitchen cabinets.
    [Show full text]
  • Rice Weevil (Pantry Pest)
    Rice Weevil (Pantry Pest) Fact Sheet Latin Name Sitophilus oryzae Appearance Adult rice weevils measure approximately 4 mm in length and are reddish brown in color. Their wings feature faint yellow or red patterns. Deep, irregular pits are found behind the heads of these weevils, and their snouts can grow as long as 1 mm. Behaviour, Diet & Habits Although rice weevils are not known to cause direct harm to humans, their destructive feeding habits can lead to grain loss. Contrary to their name, rice weevils feed on a variety of grains, including barley, wheat, corn, oats, rye and sorghum. They may even infest processed cereal goods such as macaroni. Reproduction Each female rice weevil is capable of laying four eggs a day and can produce up to 300 eggs in her lifetime. Females perforate kernels or seeds in order to lay single eggs inside. After doing so, the affected grain is sealed with gelatinous secretions. Larvae consume the kernel from the inside out, leaving behind an emptied husk. In colder temperatures, the development cycle of the rice weevil may span more than 32 days. However, on average, larvae emerge within three days and develop into pupae within 18. Six days afterwards, adults emerge from the husk. Adults may live as long as six months. Control Measures Controlling Weevil starts with a careful inspection to identify all the infestation’s food sources. Pay particular attention to items that have remained in the cupboard for long periods or foods that are loosely sealed or are in thin wrapping. you need to first go thru your pantry throw out all items past their use by date, open all cereals, nuts, cake mixes, raisins, packages, even if unopened and sort thru.
    [Show full text]