Taxonomy of Prokaryotic Viruses: Update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Taxonomy of Prokaryotic Viruses: Update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee Arch Virol (2016) 161:1095–1099 DOI 10.1007/s00705-015-2728-0 VIROLOGY DIVISION NEWS Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: update from the ICTV bacterial and archaeal viruses subcommittee 1 2,3,4 5 Mart Krupovic • Bas E. Dutilh • Evelien M. Adriaenssens • 6 7 8,9 Johannes Wittmann • Finn K. Vogensen • Mathew B. Sullivan • 10 1 11 22 Janis Rumnieks • David Prangishvili • Rob Lavigne • Andrew M. Kropinski • 12 13 14,15 16 Jochen Klumpp • Annika Gillis • Francois Enault • Rob A. Edwards • 17 18 19 20 Siobain Duffy • Martha R. C. Clokie • Jakub Barylski • Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann • Jens H. Kuhn21 Received: 10 December 2015 / Accepted: 12 December 2015 / Published online: 5 January 2016 Ó Springer-Verlag Wien (Outside the USA) 2016 The prokaryotic virus community is represented on the genome-based relationships between phages. Today, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) order includes six subfamilies, 80 genera, and 441 species. by the Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee. In This year, additional changes in prokaryotic virus taxon- 2008, the three caudoviral families Myoviridae, Podoviri- omy have been brought forward under the new subcom- dae, and Siphoviridae included only 18 genera and 36 mittee chair, Andrew M. Kropinski (University of Guelph, species. Under the able chairmanship of Rob Lavigne (KU Canada). These changes are: Leuven, Belgium), major advances were made in the 1. replacement of ‘‘phage’’ with ‘‘virus’’ in prokaryotic classification of prokaryotic viruses and the order Cau- virus taxon names. In recognition of the fact that dovirales was expanded dramatically, to reflect the phages are first and foremost genuine viruses, and to adhere to ICTV’s International Code of Virus Classi- The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views fication and Nomenclature (ICVCN), the word or policies of the US Department of Health and Human Services, or ‘‘phage’’ will disappear from taxon names, but not the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. The from phage names. For instance, the current taxon taxonomic changes summarized here have been submitted as official taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Escherichia phage T4 will be renamed Escherichia Viruses (ICTV) (www.ictvonline.org) and are by now accepted, but virus T4, while the name of this taxon’s member will not yet ratified. These changes therefore may differ from any new remain unchanged (Escherichia phage T4). It is taxonomy that is ultimately approved by the ICTV. 6 & Andrew M. Kropinski Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von [email protected] Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany Jens H. Kuhn 7 [email protected] Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark 1 Unit of Molecular Biology of the Gene in Extremophiles, 8 Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr 496 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA Roux, 75015 Paris, France 9 Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic 2 Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Engineering, Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, Utrecht, The Netherlands 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 3 Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, 10 Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ra¯tsupı¯tes 1, Radboud University, Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Riga, LV 1067, Latvia The Netherlands 11 Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark 4 Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Arenberg 21-box 2462, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 12 Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 5 Department of Genetics, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland Genomics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa 123 1096 M. Krupovic et al. important that the community remembers the ICVCN founding member of the genus was retained as a root distinction between viral taxa (such as species, genera, of the taxon name; families, or orders) and their members, the actual 3. discontinuation of the use of ‘‘Phi’’ and other viruses/phages: ‘‘viruses are real physical entities transliterated Greek letters in the naming of new produced by biological evolution and genetics, prokaryotic virus genera. Since some scientists are whereas virus species and higher taxa are abstract under the impression that ‘‘Phi’’ in its various forms concepts produced by rational thought and logic’’; (phi, u, U) indicates a phage, over the years, many 2. elimination of the infix ‘‘like’’ from prokaryotic phages were given names containing the prefix ‘‘Phi’’. virus genus names. The naming of phage taxa has However, the prefix ‘‘Phi’’ adds no informational value been an evolving process with genus names in the when naming phage genera. Consequently, the Sub- form ‘‘P22-like virus’’, which was always considered committee decided that, unless there was sufficient to be a stop-gap measure, being replaced by P22like- historical precedent (e.g., U29 or UX174), Phi would virus. However, the latter convention is also prob- no longer be added to genus names. In addition, Greek lematic since it was only applied to genera included letters can create problems in electronic databases, as in the order Caudovirales, and the infix ‘‘like’’ was exemplified by a PubMed search for references on unnecessary since the grouping of viruses in genera Bacillus phage U29 [1], which retrieved articles on phi implies per se that their constituent members are 29, phi29, Phi 29, Phi29, 29 phi, {phi}29, u29, and alike. Consequently, the infix ‘‘like’’ will be removed u29 phages. Therefore, the Subcommittee strongly from the names of phage genera and genus names discourages phage scientists from using Phi or any such as Lambdalikevirus and T4likevirus will become other Greek letter in virus and virus taxon names in the Lambdavirus and T4virus, respectively. It will of future; course remain correct to refer to ‘‘lambda-like 4. elimination of hyphens from taxon names. The viruses’’ and ‘‘T4-like phages’’ during discussions ICVCN discourages hyphens in virus taxon names. regarding specific groups of phages classified in these Accordingly, taxon names such as Yersinia phage taxa. There have also been discussions in the L-413C have been renamed (in this instance to Yersinia Subcommittee whether all prokaryotic virus genera virus L413C). However, hyphens are retained when should adopt the system used for some archaeal and appearing in a number string: Thermus phage P2345 eukaryotic viruses, in which names of genera are becomes Thermus virus P23-45 (its correct name) [2]. created from the root of the corresponding family 5. inclusion of the isolation host name in the taxon name with sequentially appended transliterated Greek name. On several occasions, terms such as ‘‘Enter- letters (e.g., Alphabaculovirus, Betabaculovirus, etc.). obacteria’’ or ‘‘Pseudomonad’’ have been used in However, it was decided that recognition of new phage taxon names. However, such terms do not refer genus names is of paramount importance and that to a specific bacterial host; nor do they indicate further drastic changes in one setting might overly whether the phage in question was tested upon a confuse the community. Thus, in most cases, the infix variety of members of the particular host group. To ‘‘like’’ was merely removed and the name of the improve the situation, terms such as ‘‘Enterobacteria’’ 13 Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, 19 Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Universite´ catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, L7.05.12, Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium 61-614 Poznan, Poland 14 Clermont Universite´, Universite´ Blaise Pascal, 20 L’Institut de biologie inte´grative et des systems, Universite´ Laboratoire ‘‘Microorganismes: Ge´nome et Environnement’’, Laval, Pavillon Charles-Euge`ne-Marchand, 1030, avenue de Clermont-Ferrand, France la Me´decine, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada 15 CNRS UMR 6023, LMGE, Aubie`re, France 21 Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National 16 Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science, San Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA CA 92182-7720, USA 22 Departments of Food Science, Molecular and Cellular 17 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Biology, and Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Rd, New Brunswick, Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada NJ 08901, USA 18 Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK 123 Prokaryotic virus taxonomy 1097 Table 1 Taxonomy proposals describing new taxa (genera, subfamilies, families) submitted to the ICTV in 2015 New genus Family Subfamily Type species Number of genus-included species Ap22virus Myoviridae Acinetobacter virus AP22 4 Secunda5virus Myoviridae Aeromonas virus 25 5 Biquartavirus Myoviridae Aeromonas virus 44RR2 1 Agatevirus Myoviridae Bacillus virus Agate 3 B4virus Myoviridae Bacillus virus B4 5 Bastillevirus Myoviridae Bacillus virus Bastille 2 Bv431virus Myoviridae Bacillus virus Bc431 4 Cp51virus Myoviridae Bacillus virus CP51 3 Nit1virus Myoviridae Bacillus virus NIT1 3 Wphvirus Myoviridae Bacillus
Recommended publications
  • Pneumonia Types
    Pneumonia Jodi Grandominico , MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Pneumonia types • CAP- limited or no contact with health care institutions or settings • HAP: hospital-acquired pneumonia – occurs 48 hours or more after admission • VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia – develops more than 48 to 72 hours after endotracheal intubation • HCAP: healthcare-associated pneumonia – occurs in non-hospitalized patient with extensive healthcare contact 2005 IDSA/ATS HAP, VAP and HCAP Guidelines Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:388–416 1 Objectives-CAP • Epidemiology • Review cases: ‒ Diagnostic techniques ‒ Risk stratification for site of care decisions ‒ Use of biomarkers ‒ Type and length of treatment • Prevention Pneumonia Sarah Tapyrik, MD Assistant Professor – Clinical Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center 2 Epidemiology American lung association epidemiology and statistics unit research and health education division. November 2015 3 Who is at Risk? • Children <5 yo • Immunosuppressed: • Adults >65 yo ‒ HIV • Comorbid conditions: ‒ Cancer ‒ CKD ‒ Splenectomy ‒ CHF • Cigarette Smokers ‒ DM • Alcoholics ‒ Chronic Liver Disease ‒ COPD Clinical Presentation • Fever • Elderly and • Chills Immunocompromised • Cough w/ purulent ‒ Confusion sputum ‒ Lethargy • Dyspnea ‒ Poor PO intake • Pleuritic pain ‒ Falls • Night sweats ‒ Decompensation of
    [Show full text]
  • Phages for Phage Therapy: Isolation, Characterization, and Host Range Breadth
    pharmaceuticals Review Phages for Phage Therapy: Isolation, Characterization, and Host Range Breadth Paul Hyman Department of Biology/Toxicology, Ashland University, 401 College Ave., Ashland, OH 44805, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-419-207-6309 Received: 28 December 2018; Accepted: 4 March 2019; Published: 11 March 2019 Abstract: For a bacteriophage to be useful for phage therapy it must be both isolated from the environment and shown to have certain characteristics beyond just killing strains of the target bacterial pathogen. These include desirable characteristics such as a relatively broad host range and a lack of other characteristics such as carrying toxin genes and the ability to form a lysogen. While phages are commonly isolated first and subsequently characterized, it is possible to alter isolation procedures to bias the isolation toward phages with desirable characteristics. Some of these variations are regularly used by some groups while others have only been shown in a few publications. In this review I will describe (1) isolation procedures and variations that are designed to isolate phages with broader host ranges, (2) characterization procedures used to show that a phage may have utility in phage therapy, including some of the limits of such characterization, and (3) results of a survey and discussion with phage researchers in industry and academia on the practice of characterization of phages. Keywords: phage therapy; bacteriophage isolation; host range; bacteriophage characterization; genome sequencing; enrichment culture 1. Introduction The isolation of bacteriophages for phage therapy is often presented as a fairly straightforward exercise of mixing a phage-containing sample with host bacteria, followed by a simple removal of bacterial debris by filtration and/or centrifugation the next day [1–3].
    [Show full text]
  • Infrastructure for a Phage Reference Database: Identification of Large-Scale Biases in The
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.01.442102; this version posted May 1, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 INfrastructure for a PHAge REference Database: Identification of large-scale biases in the 2 current collection of phage genomes 3 4 Ryan Cook1, Nathan Brown2, Tamsin Redgwell3, Branko Rihtman4, Megan Barnes2, Martha 5 Clokie2, Dov J. Stekel5, Jon Hobman5, Michael A. Jones1, Andrew Millard2* 6 7 1 School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington 8 Campus, College Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK 9 2 Dept Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, 10 Leicestershire, LE1 7RH, UK 11 3 COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte 12 Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 13 4 University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, UK 14 5 School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, 15 Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, 16 17 Corresponding author: [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.01.442102; this version posted May 1, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
    [Show full text]
  • Protein Composition of the Occlusion Bodies of Epinotia Aporema Granulovirus
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/465021; this version posted November 7, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Protein composition of the occlusion bodies of Epinotia aporema 2 granulovirus 3 4 Tomás Masson, María Laura Fabre, María Leticia Ferrelli, Matías Luis Pidre, Víctor 5 Romanowski. 6 1 Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM, UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de 7 Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 8 9 Abstract 10 Within family Baculoviridae, members of the Betabaculovirus genus are employed as 11 biocontrol agents against lepidopteran pests, either alone or in combination with 12 selected members of the Alphabaculovirus genus. Epinotia aporema granulovirus 13 (EpapGV) is a fast killing betabaculovirus that infects the bean shoot borer (E. 14 aporema) and is a promising biopesticide. Because occlusion bodies (OBs) play a key 15 role in baculovirus horizontal transmission, we investigated the composition of 16 EpapGV OBs. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics we could identify 56 proteins 17 that are included in the OBs during the final stages of larval infection. Our data 18 provides experimental validation of several annotated hypothetical coding sequences. 19 Proteogenomic mapping against genomic sequence detected a previously unannotated 20 ac110-like core gene and a putative translation fusion product of ORFs epap48 and 21 epap49. Comparative studies of the proteomes available for the family Baculoviridae 22 highlight the conservation of core gene products as parts of the occluded virion.
    [Show full text]
  • Acinetobacter Baumannii Resistance: a Real Challenge for Clinicians
    antibiotics Review Acinetobacter baumannii Resistance: A Real Challenge for Clinicians Rosalino Vázquez-López 1,* , Sandra Georgina Solano-Gálvez 2, Juan José Juárez Vignon-Whaley 1 , Jorge Andrés Abello Vaamonde 1 , Luis Andrés Padró Alonzo 1, Andrés Rivera Reséndiz 1, Mauricio Muleiro Álvarez 1, Eunice Nabil Vega López 3, Giorgio Franyuti-Kelly 3 , Diego Abelardo Álvarez-Hernández 1 , Valentina Moncaleano Guzmán 1, Jorge Ernesto Juárez Bañuelos 1, José Marcos Felix 4, Juan Antonio González Barrios 5 and Tomás Barrientos Fortes 6 1 Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; [email protected] (J.J.J.V.-W.); [email protected] (J.A.A.V.); [email protected] (L.A.P.A.); [email protected] (A.R.R.); [email protected] (M.M.Á.); [email protected] (D.A.Á.-H.); [email protected] (V.M.G.); [email protected] (J.E.J.B.) 2 Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; [email protected] 3 Medical IMPACT, Infectious Diseases Department, Mexico City 53900, Mexico; [email protected] (E.N.V.L.); [email protected] (G.F.-K.) 4 Coordinación Ciclos Clínicos Medicina, FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; [email protected] 5 Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional “1º de Octubre”, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07300, Mexico; [email protected] 6 Dirección Sistema Universitario de Salud de la Universidad Anáhuac México (SUSA), Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +52-56-270210 (ext.
    [Show full text]
  • First Description of a Temperate Bacteriophage (Vb Fhim KIRK) of Francisella Hispaniensis Strain 3523
    viruses Article First Description of a Temperate Bacteriophage (vB_FhiM_KIRK) of Francisella hispaniensis Strain 3523 Kristin Köppen 1,†, Grisna I. Prensa 1,†, Kerstin Rydzewski 1, Hana Tlapák 1, Gudrun Holland 2 and Klaus Heuner 1,* 1 Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Cellular Interactions of Bacterial Pathogens, ZBS 2, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] (K.K.); [email protected] (G.I.P.); [email protected] (K.R.); [email protected] (H.T.) 2 Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, ZBS 4, Robert Koch Institute, D-13353 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-30-18754-2226 † Both authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Here we present the characterization of a Francisella bacteriophage (vB_FhiM_KIRK) includ- ing the morphology, the genome sequence and the induction of the prophage. The prophage sequence (FhaGI-1) has previously been identified in F. hispaniensis strain 3523. UV radiation induced the prophage to assemble phage particles consisting of an icosahedral head (~52 nm in diameter), a tail of up to 97 nm in length and a mean width of 9 nm. The double stranded genome of vB_FhiM_KIRK contains 51 open reading frames and is 34,259 bp in length. The genotypic and phylogenetic analysis indicated that this phage seems to belong to the Myoviridae family of bacteriophages. Under the Citation: Köppen, K.; Prensa, G.I.; conditions tested here, host cell (Francisella hispaniensis 3523) lysis activity of KIRK was very low, and Rydzewski, K.; Tlapák, H.; Holland, the phage particles seem to be defective for infecting new bacterial cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Elucidating Viral Communities During a Phytoplankton Bloom on the West Antarctic Peninsula
    fmicb-10-01014 May 10, 2019 Time: 14:46 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 14 May 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01014 Elucidating Viral Communities During a Phytoplankton Bloom on the West Antarctic Peninsula Tomás Alarcón-Schumacher1,2†, Sergio Guajardo-Leiva1†, Josefa Antón3 and Beatriz Díez1,4* 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2 Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany, 3 Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain, 4 Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile In Antarctic coastal waters where nutrient limitations are low, viruses are expected to play a major role in the regulation of bloom events. Despite this, research in viral identification and dynamics is scarce, with limited information available for the Southern Ocean (SO). This study presents an integrative-omics approach, comparing variation in the viral and microbial active communities on two contrasting sample conditions from Edited by: a diatom-dominated phytoplankton bloom occurring in Chile Bay in the West Antarctic David Velazquez, Autonomous University of Madrid, Peninsula (WAP) in the summer of 2014. The known viral community, initially dominated Spain by Myoviridae family (∼82% of the total assigned reads), changed to become dominated Reviewed by: by Phycodnaviridae (∼90%), while viral activity was predominantly driven by dsDNA Carole Anne Llewellyn, ∼ ∼ Swansea University, United Kingdom members of the Phycodnaviridae ( 50%) and diatom infecting ssRNA viruses ( 38%), Márcio Silva de Souza, becoming more significant as chlorophyll a increased. A genomic and phylogenetic Fundação Universidade Federal do characterization allowed the identification of a new viral lineage within the Myoviridae Rio Grande, Brazil family.
    [Show full text]
  • Pioneering Soil Viromics to Elucidate Viral Impacts on Soil Ecosystem Services
    Pioneering Soil Viromics to Elucidate Viral Impacts on Soil Ecosystem Services DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Gareth Trubl Graduate Program in Microbiology The Ohio State University 2018 Dissertation Committee: Virginia Rich, Advisor Matthew Sullivan, Co-Advisor Kelly Wrighton Matthew Anderson Copyrighted by Gareth Trubl 2018 Abstract Permafrost contains 30–50% of global soil carbon (C) and is rapidly thawing. While the fate of this C is unknown, it will be shaped in part by microbes and their associated viruses, which modulate microbial activities via mortality and metabolic control. To date, viral research in soils has been outpaced by that in aquatic environments due to the technical challenges of accessing soil viruses, compounded by the dramatic physicochemical heterogeneity in soils. The Stordalen Mire long-term ecological field site in Arctic Sweden encompasses a mosaic of natural permafrost thaw stages, and has been well characterized biogeochemically and microbiologically, making it an ideal site to characterize the soil virosphere and its potential impacts on the C cycle. A viral resuspension protocol was developed to generate quantitatively- amplified dsDNA viromes. The protocol yielded ~108 virus-like particles (VLPs) g−1 of soil across three thaw-stage habitats, and seven resulting viromes yielded 53 vOTUs. Viral-specific bioinformatics methods were used to recover viral populations, define their gene content, connect them to other related viruses (globally) and potential hosts (locally). Only 15% of these vOTUs had genetic similarity to publicly available viruses in the RefSeq database, and ∼30% of the genes could be annotated, supporting the concept of soils as reservoirs of substantial undescribed viral genetic diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization and Genomic Analyses of Two Newly Isolated
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE www.nature.com/scientificreportsprovided by Lirias OPEN Characterization and genomic analyses of two newly isolated Morganella phages define distant Received: 07 November 2016 Accepted: 09 March 2017 members among Tevenvirinae and Published: 07 April 2017 Autographivirinae subfamilies Hugo Oliveira1,*, Graça Pinto1,*, Ana Oliveira1, Jean-Paul Noben2, Hanne Hendrix3, Rob Lavigne3, Małgorzata Łobocka4,5, Andrew M. Kropinski6 & Joana Azeredo1 Morganella morganii is a common but frequent neglected environmental opportunistic pathogen which can cause deadly nosocomial infections. The increased number of multidrug-resistant M. morganii isolates motivates the search for alternative and effective antibacterials. We have isolated two novel obligatorily lytic M. morganii bacteriophages (vB_MmoM_MP1, vB_MmoP_MP2) and characterized them with respect to specificity, morphology, genome organization and phylogenetic relationships. MP1’s dsDNA genome consists of 163,095 bp and encodes 271 proteins, exhibiting low DNA (<40%) and protein (<70%) homology to other members of the Tevenvirinae. Its unique property is a >10 kb chromosomal inversion that encompass the baseplate assembly and head outer capsid synthesis genes when compared to other T-even bacteriophages. MP2 has a dsDNA molecule with 39,394 bp and encodes 55 proteins, presenting significant genomic (70%) and proteomic identity (86%) but only to Morganella bacteriophage MmP1. MP1 and MP2 are then novel members of Tevenvirinae and Autographivirinae, respectively, but differ significantly from other tailed bacteriophages of these subfamilies to warrant proposing new genera. Both bacteriophages together could propagate in 23 of 27 M. morganii clinical isolates of different origin and antibiotic resistance profiles, making them suitable for further studies on a development of bacteriophage cocktail for potential therapeutic applications.
    [Show full text]
  • PRODUCTION of CYDIA POMONELLA GRANULOVIRUS (Cpgv) in a HETERALOGOUS HOST, THAUMATOTIBIA LEUCOTRETA (MEYRICK) (FALSE CODLING MOTH)
    PRODUCTION OF CYDIA POMONELLA GRANULOVIRUS (CpGV) IN A HETERALOGOUS HOST, THAUMATOTIBIA LEUCOTRETA (MEYRICK) (FALSE CODLING MOTH). A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of RHODES UNIVERSITY By CRAIG BRIAN CHAMBERS December 2014 ABSTRACT Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Family: Tortricidae), the codling moth, is considered one of the most significant pests of apples and pears worldwide, causing up to 80% crop loss in orchards if no control measures are applied. Cydia pomonella is oligophagous feeding on a number of alternate hosts including quince, walnuts, apricots, peaches, plums and nectarines. Historically the control of this pest has been achieved with the use of various chemical control strategies which have maintained pest levels below the economic threshold at a relatively low cost to the grower. However, there are serious concerns surrounding the use of chemical insecticides including the development of resistance in insect populations, the banning of various insecticides, regulations for lowering of the maximum residue level and employee and consumer safety. For this reason, alternate measures of control are slowly being adopted by growers such as mating disruption, cultural methods and the use of baculovirus biopesticides as part of integrated pest management programmes. The reluctance of growers to accept baculovirus or other biological control products in the past has been due to questionable product quality and inconsistencies in their field performance. Moreover, the development and application of biological control products is more costly than the use of chemical alternatives. Baculoviruses are arthropod specific viruses that are highly virulent to a number of lepidopteran species. Due to the virulence and host specificity of baculoviruses, Cydia pomonella granulovirus has been extensively and successfully used as part of integrated pest management systems for the control of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Characteristics of Experimental Genotype Mixtures of Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus
    Biological characteristics of experimental genotype mixtures of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV): Ability to control susceptible and resistant pest populations Benoit Graillot, Sandrine Bayle, Christine Blachère-Lopez, Samantha Besse, Myriam Siegwart, Miguel Lopez-Ferber To cite this version: Benoit Graillot, Sandrine Bayle, Christine Blachère-Lopez, Samantha Besse, Myriam Siegwart, et al.. Biological characteristics of experimental genotype mixtures of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV): Ability to control susceptible and resistant pest populations. Viruses, MDPI, 2016, 8 (5), 12 p. 10.3390/v8050147. hal-01594837 HAL Id: hal-01594837 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01594837 Submitted on 20 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License viruses Article Biological Characteristics of Experimental Genotype Mixtures of Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV): Ability to Control Susceptible and Resistant Pest Populations Benoit Graillot 1,2, Sandrine Bayle 1, Christine
    [Show full text]
  • Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae a Microbiological Overview of (CRE) Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
    PREVENTION IN ACTION MY bugaboo Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae A microbiological overview of (CRE) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. by Irena KennelEy, PhD, aPRN-BC, CIC This agar culture plate grew colonies of Enterobacter cloacae that were both characteristically rough and smooth in appearance. PHOTO COURTESY of CDC. GREETINGS, FELLOW INFECTION PREVENTIONISTS! THE SCIENCE OF infectious diseases involves hundreds of bac- (the “bug parade”). Too much information makes it difficult to teria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The amount of information tease out what is important and directly applicable to practice. available about microbial organisms poses a special problem This quarter’s My Bugaboo column will feature details on the CRE to infection preventionists. Obviously, the impact of microbial family of bacteria. The intention is to convey succinct information disease cannot be overstated. Traditionally the teaching of to busy infection preventionists for common etiologic agents of microbiology has been based mostly on memorization of facts healthcare-associated infections. 30 | SUMMER 2013 | Prevention MULTIDRUG-resistant GRAM-NEGative ROD ALert: After initial outbreaks in the northeastern U.S., CRE bacteria have THE CDC SAYS WE MUST ACT NOW! emerged in multiple species of Gram-negative rods worldwide. They Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections come have created significant clinical challenges for clinicians because they from bacteria normally found in a healthy person’s digestive tract. are not consistently identified by routine screening methods and are CRE bacteria have been associated with the use of medical devices highly drug-resistant, resulting in delays in effective treatment and a such as: intravenous catheters, ventilators, urinary catheters, and high rate of clinical failures.
    [Show full text]