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7N A REVISION OF THE NACOPHORINI (LEPIDOPTERA, GEOMETRIDAE) A REVISION OF THE NACOPHORINI (LEPIDOP TERA, GEOMETRIDAE)

FREDERICK H. RINDGE Associate Curator, Department of Entomology

BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 123 : ARTICLE 2 NEW YORK : 1961 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 123, article 2, pages 87-154, text figures 1-46, plates 18-23

Issued December 30, 1961

Price: $1.25 a copy INTRODUCTION

THE: SPECIES COVERED in the present paper genitalia of those types have been studied form a compact tribe within the Ennominae. and compared. For this highly evolved group, Forbes (1948) All the specimens studied by the author at has used the name Nacophorini. The stem the American Museum of Natural History genus Nacophora is placed in the synonymy during the preparation of this paper have had in this paper, but the tribal name is being identification or type labels affixed. Conse- retained in accordance with the provisions of quently future workers will recognize mate- the International Code of Nomenclature. rial studied by the author. All too often such Anything approaching adequate material labeling has not been done in the past, so that has not been available until the past few there is always the question of whether or not years and, in most cases, much more material certain specimens were examined by a reviser. is needed before a really thorough study can The specimens photographed for this revision be undertaken on this tribe. However, this bear a typewritten "photo" label. In general, paper attempts to reevaluate these moths, to the adults and genitalia that are figured have answer some of the questions pertaining to been taken from the collection of the Ameri- their phylogeny, distribution, and taxonomy, can Museum of Natural History. When this and to propose a more satisfactory systematic was not practical, the fact is specifically arrangement of the species. noted. The following abbreviations have been The members of this tribe are found from used: southern Canada to southern South America. A.M.N.H., the American Museum of Natural They are usually not well represented in History collections, as several of the species, in this B.M.N.H., British Museum (Natural History), country at least, do not readily come to London standard electric lights or to lanterns. They C.M., Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh respond more readily to the ultra-violet L.A.M., Los Angeles County Museum, Los use of "black Angeles frequencies, and the increased Zoology at Har- years has M.C.Z., Museum of Comparative lights" by collectors in the past few vard College brought increased numbers of specimens to U.S.N.M., United States National Museum, hand. Much more collecting with this type of Washington, D. C. light is needed, both in the temperate region and in the tropical and subtropical areas, so During the course of this study, 1516 that we can obtain adequate study material specimens were studied. A large number of and acquire a more thorough idea of the genitalic slides were prepared by the author, distribution of the different species. who also had at his disposal the slides made by Grossbeck and Sperry at the American MATERIALS AND METHODS Museum of Natural History, by Capps, Franclemont, and Todd of the United States MATERIALS STUDIED National Museum, and by Cassino at the This revision is based on a study of the Museum of Comparative Zo6logy at Harvard specimens in some of the major eastern and College. In all, 145 genitalic slides were western museums, the collection of the Brit- examined. In addition, the author also made ish Museum (Natural History), and the a number of slide preparations of wings, legs, private collections of several individuals; and antennae; these, plus slides of similar these are referred to specifically in the section nature made by Grossbeck, totaled 21. on acknowledgments. All the type specimens in this country have been studied by the DESCRIPTIONS author. The several types in the British A binocular dissecting microscope was used Museum (Natural History) have not been throughout when descriptions of the adults personally examined, but, through the gener- and genitalia were written. The same basic ous cooperation of Mr. D. S. Fletcher, the pattern of descriptions is followed throughout 91 92 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 this paper for all generic and specific descrip- and Mr. Rudolph J. Schrammel for the tions. All species are characterized by a photographic work. detailed description of the adult male, with The work on this paper was aided in part comparative notes on the female, and full by the National Science Foundation on descriptions of the genitalia of both sexes are Grant NSF-G9037. given, when both sexes are known. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND GENITALIC FIGURES The species of this tribe have not been The genitalia of each sex within each genus collected very extensively in this country, as were drawn to the same scale and received a they apparently do not readily come to lights. uniform reduction; however, the genitalic This paucity of material explains, in part at organs of the two sexes were not necessarily least, the relative lack of knowledge about drawn to the same scale. Some caution must these moths. The first species was described be taken in the use of these figures, especially in 1797 by J. E. Smith. It was not until 60 of the males, as the appearance of certain years later that Guenee published the next parts may vary depending upon the degree to description; this was followed in the next which the preparations are flattened. The seven years by several more specific descrip- author attempted to overcome such discrep- tions by Walker and Grote. Near the end of ancies by making, if necessary, several the last century Grote and Hulst named both dissections to obtain comparable mounts, but North American genera and four more spe- such dissections were sometimes impossible cies. Between 1917 and 1923 the last four because of insufficient material. specific names were proposed by Barnes and ACKNOWLEDGMENTS McDunnough, Dyar, and Cassino and Swett. It was not until 1917 that Barnes and The author wishes to acknowledge with McDunnough brought some semblance of thanks the cooperation and aid of the follow- order to the specific level in the genus Phae- ing men who have allowed him to study the oura. types and specimens in their charge: Dr. In South and Central J. F. America the history G. Clarke of the Smithsonian Institu- of this group is even sketchier. One of the tion; Mr. H. P. Clench, Jr., of the Carnegie earlier writers, Stoll, described and illustrated Museum; Dr. P. J. Darlington, Jr., of the the first South American species, while Museum of Comparative Zoblogy at Harvard College; Dr. P. D. Guene'e, Walker, Herrich-Schaffer, and the Hurd and Dr. J. A. Powell Felders added others at a later date. Druce, of the Department of Entomology and Para- in the sitology, "Biologia Centrali-Americana," pro- University of California, Berkeley; posed several specific names for Central Mr. L. M. Martin of the Los Angeles County American and Museum; and Dr. E. L. forms, Dyar extended the Todd of the United tribe into Mexico. Schaus described one States National Museum. A special word of species from southern South America in 1927. thanks is given to Mr. D. S. Fletcher of the The British Museum (Natural only synonymic notes for this entire History) for his faunal region were published by Prout in hearty cooperation in lending material, 1910 for the making dissections of the types in that insti- widespread species arnobia. tution, and comparing material with those PHYLOGENY types. Thanks also go to Mr. J. H. Baker of A of the four Baker, Oregon; Dr. J. A. Comstock of Del comparative study genera Mar, included in this tribe shows certain evolu- California; Dr. W. T. M. Forbes of not in Cambridge, Massachusetts; Mr. C. P. Kim- tionary trends, only the external ball of structures of the adults, but in the genitalia Sarasota, Florida; Mr. C. W. Kirk- of both sexes as well. wood of Summerland, California; and Mr. R. Unfortunately the early Leuschner of Gardena, stages are almost completely unknown, so no California. can be made at The author also wishes to thank Miss comparisons this level at the Marjorie present time. Statham for the genitalic drawings Betulodes is the most and distribution maps included in this primitive genus, paper, based on the external characters. Some of the 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 93 primitive characters of this genus include the the end of each pectination of the antenna of possession of two pairs of spurs on the hind the males. The female ovipositor lobes are tibia, moderately long palpi, the usual, long characterized by the fact that the point of terminal seta as well as a second, slightly attachment of the apophyses posteriores is in shorter seta at the end of each pectination the center of the lobes. A number of them on the male antennae, simple female anten- have been confused with the members of the nae, scalloped wing margins, and the fact Bistonini in the past, but these characters that veins R and M1 arise before the upper will serve to distinguish the Nacophorini. angle in the secondaries. The more advanced The four included genera are all quite characters are a single pair of spurs on the distinct, as are most of the species. The hind tibia, short palpi, a long terminal seta greatest difficulty will be found in properly only on the male antennae, shortly serrate or determining some of the species of Phaeoura shortly bipectinate female antennae, smooth from the western United States. One problem wing margins, and the fact that veins R and is a lack of material, particularly of the M1 arise at, or are stalked beyond, the upper females of certain species, as only one or two angle in the hind wings. The other three specimens of this sex may be known, while genera have some or most of these characters. 50 or 75 males may be at hand. It is not Evolutionary trends in the male genitalia unusual to find good specific characteristics in are to be found in the progressively more the female, and the members of this sex are membranous gnathos, in the appearance of sometimes easier to determine than the the diagonal or transverse sclerotized ridge corresponding males. on the inner face of the valves, and in the The genera included in this paper have a progressive loss of the cornuti in the aede- number of characters in common. The tribal agus. Based on these characters, Thyrinteina characters are summarized here to avoid and Holochroa are more primitive than needless repetition in the generic descrip- Betulodes, with Phaeoura being the most tions: advanced type. Head, eyes large, round; front flat, rarely Comparisons of the female genitalia show a extending beyond eyes; tongue reduced, progressive reduction in the size and scleroti- vestigial, or absent; palpi short to moderate; zation of the sterigma, a reduction in the size antennae of male very strongly pectinate, the of the corpus bursae, and a reduction in the pectinations arising in basal portion of seg- signum, which varies from heavily sclerotized ments, extending completely to end of an- and large to being completely absent tenna or with a few apical segments simple, Betulodes and Thyrinteina have the most each pectination with numerous transverse primitive characters here, while Holochroa setae and simple, longer terminal seta, of and Phaeoura are more advanced. female simple or shortly pectinate, with A summary of the above results shows that paired terminal setae. Thorax stout, with Betulodes is the most primitive genus, and mixture of scales and hair-like scales dorsally, Phaeoura the most advanced. In a number of often heavily covered with hair-like scales characters these two genera appear similar, so below; fore tibia unarmed, with process allied. Of the arising in male near base or from center and are thought to be rather closely i other two genera, Thyrinteina has more extending to or beyond end of segment, primitive characters, and it is probably rather female arising near center and extending closely related to Betulodes. Holochroa appar- from one-half to all the way to end of ently represents a more isolated genus, as it segment; hind tibia usually with terminal seems to be more distantly related to the pair of spurs only, rarely with two pairs, not others in this tribe. dilated and without hair pencil. Abdomen stout, with middorsal segmental tufts, vary- TAXONOMY ing from small and inconspicuous to large and The moths of this tribe can be recognized prominent; ventral surface of third segment without much difficulty. They usually have without row of bnrstles in males, and eighth abdominal tufts, a single spur on the hind segment without plate. Forewings broadly tarsus, and a characteristic elongate seta at triangular to elongate, larger and more 94 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 elongate in females than in males; forewings KEY TO GENERA with variable radial venation, 12 veins, with a single, narrow areole, C connected with Ri, BASED ON EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY R1 and R2 from top of cell, R5 from stalk 1. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. .Betulodes before RS+4; Ml from upper angle, M2 usu- Hind tibia with one pair of spurs . . . . 2 ally tending to be rather weak, with dc weak; 2. Abdomen with prominent dorsal tufts ...... Phaeoura. Cu1 from below lower angle; fovea absent. Abdomen without prominent dorsal tufts. . 3 Hind wings broad, tending to be concave 3. Wings elongate, gray; forewings with t. p. line between veins; frenulum strong in both sexes; sharply angled opposite cell, then inwardly Sc approximate to R near base, near middle oblique to meet inner margin basad of center

of cell, or not at all; R and M1 from before or ...... Holochroa beyond upper angle; M3 from lower angle; Wings broad, white or brown; forewings with cell elongate, extending beyond middle of t. p. line concave between veins, curved out- wing; Cul from one-third or one-half distance ward opposite cell and above inner margin, between angle and Cu2. concave between, meeting inner margin at least two-thirds of distance from base.

MALE GENITALIA ...... Thyrinteina Uncus simple, narrow, elongate, curving ventrally, in some specimens reduced; socius BASED ON MALE GENITALIA present, although it may be greatly reduced; 1. Inner surface of valve with a raised, sclerotized, gnathos rather weakly sclerotized or mem- transverse structure ...... 2 branous; valves moderately large, broad, Inner surface of valve simple or with a single symmetrical, costal region sclerotized but not basal arm ...... 3 reaching apex, remainder of valve membra- 2. Valves short, not extending beyond base of uncus; inner surface of valve with wide, nous or with a broad, heavily sclerotized, toothed, transverse structure located cross- transverse, toothed structure; transtilla well wise in center of valve ...... Phaeoura developed; anellus with a pair of large, Valves elongate, extending at least one-half of lateral, pointed, heavily sclerotized struc- length of uncus; inner surface of valve with tures; juxta well sclerotized, broad, variously low transverse structure extending much modified, either with central or with central farther posteriad on outer margin of valve and lateral sclerotized projections; cristae than on inner .Betulodes and furca absent; tegumen broad; saccus as 3. Aedeagus with a single, prominent cornutus long as, or longer than, length of tegumen, and an elongate uncus...... Holochroa broad, truncate or broadly rounded anteri- Aedeagus with one or more small cornuti or a orly; aedeagus slender or swollen at base, single, prominent cornutus and a greatly re- about equal in length to combined lengths of duced uncus ...... Thyrinteina tegumen and saccus; vesica unarmed, with BASED ON FEMALE GENITALIA several small cornuti, or with a single, heavy cornutus. 1. Signum usually absent, when present round, weakly defined ...... Phaeoura FEMALE GENITALIA Signum present, prominent, not round. . . 2 Ovipositor lobes elongate and narrow, with 2. Sterigma weakly sclerotized, small; signum apophyses attached near middle of sclerotized stellate ...... Holochroa anterior margin; sterigma with wide, elon- Sterigma with large, well-sclerotized lamella gate plate, longer than wide; ductus bursae postvaginalis and lamella antevaginalis; sig- num not stellate ...... 3 either a well-sclerotized, subtriangular, or a 3. Lamella postvaginalis and lamella antevagi- more membranous rectangular structure; nalis in form of a single, large, sclerotized ductus seminalis arising dorsally or on right plate ...... Betulodes side just anterior to ductus bursae; corpus Lamella postvaginalis and lamella antevagi- bursae small to moderately large, membra- nalis distinct, separated by membranous area

nous, with or without a signum...... Thyrinteina SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS GENUS BETULODES THFiRRY-MIEG tibia, and by the fact that the wing margins Betulodes THIERRY-MIEG, 1904, Le Naturaliste, are concave between the veins. The males of yr. 26, p. 183. two of the species have very long antennal Head with palpi of male reaching above pectinations, while the other two have the middle of eye, of female reduced, not reach- pectinations of about average length. The ing middle of eye; antennae of about 68 male genitalia are characterized by having a segments, basal segments shorter than termi- diagonal or transverse sclerotized ridge nal ones in male, pectinations of male across the inner face of the valves which extending to penultimate segment, the long- terminates much farther posteriorly on the est ones about 10 to 15 times as long as basal outer margin of the valve than at the base. antennal segments, slightly swollen basally, The female genitalia, as far as they are and with a long, lateral seta adjacent to known, have the lamella postvaginalis and apical seta, of female simple. Thorax above the lamella antevaginalis fused together to with scattered, elongate, hair-like scales, and form a large, U-shaped plate around the ostial a small, paired metathoracic tuft, below with opening. numerous hair-like scales; fore tibia with proc- This genus is represented by four species, ess of male arising near base, the process consisting of two pairs of closely allied spe- being as long as or longer than length of tibia, cies. The males of three of these occur in two hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. Abdomen color forms, one a dark brown with more or with moderate to small dorsal tufts. Fore- less extensive white scaling along the front wings broad, concave between veins; hind part of the upper surface of the forewings, wings strongly concave between veins, Sc and the second a unicolorous, paler brown. approximate to R about one-fourth or one- When additional material of the fourth third of length of cell; R and M1 from before species becomes available, it will be inter- upper angle. esting to see if it also occurs in both color MALE GENITALIA: Uncus elongate; socius forms. The females, of which but two are present, consisting of from about eight to 24 known, are much larger and have whiter elongate setae; gnathos narrow, partially or wings than the corresponding males. completely sclerotized; valves elongate, broad, KEY TO SPECIES pointed apically, with a long, diagonal, BASED ON EXTERNAL CHARACTERS sclerotized ridge, sacculus swollen, extending 1. Males. 2 with paired 5 as far as diagonal ridge; anellus Females1 ...... lateral structures well developed, with two 2(1). Longest pectinations of antennae about 10 pairs of elongate, curved points; juxta with times as long as basal segments, or ap- posterolateral and median areas slightly proximately 1.5 mm. in length . . . . 3 produced, concave between; saccus truncate Longest pectinations of antennae about 15 anteriorly; aedeagus long and slender, vesica times as long as basal segments, or ap- unarmed. proximately 3 mm. in length.. .. . 4 with lamella 3(2). Extradiscal line of secondaries passing discal FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma dot at distance of about 2 mm. . crebroria postvaginalis and lamella antevaginalis fused Extradiscal line of secondaries passing discal to form a large, U-shaped plate surrounding dot at distance of about 3 mm. ostial opening; ductus bursae short, sclero- matharma tized, thin; ductus seminalis arising dorsally 4(3). T. p. line of upper surface of forewings solid, or on right side; corpus bursae membranous, not accentuated on the veins; length of elongate, with a large, well-sclerotized sig- forewing, 24 to 27 mm. . antennatissima num. T. p. line of forewings consisting mainly of EARLY STAGES: Unknown. venular dots; length of forewing, 32 to 33 The species of this genus can be distin- mm. euriceraea guished from the others in this tribe by the 1 The females of antennatissima and euriceraea are presence of two pairs of spurs on the hind unknown 95 96 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 5(1). Upper surface with t. p. line of forewings brown or brownish gray or else a dark brown and extradiscal line of hind wings dark with more or less extensive white scaling brown, stronger on veins than in cells, parallel to the costa of the forewing, and the rather weakly dentate . . . . . crebraria much larger females having a white or yellow- T. p. line of forewings and extradiscal line of ish white hind wings black, strongly represented in ground color on the upper surfaces cells between of the wings. veins and strongly dentate MALE: ...... Head, vertex brownish black or matharma grayish brown; front brownish black; palpi BASED ON MALE GENITALIA ascending to beyond middle of eyes, brownish 1. Diagonal sclerotized ridge on inner surface black. Thorax above brownish black or of valve extending to outer margin . . 2 with Diagonal sclerotized grayish brown, scattered white, gray, ridge on inner surface and brown scales, below brown or pale of valve subparalleling costa, not out- grayish brown, darker wardly curved ...... matlarma slightly anteriorly; 2. Diagonal sclerotized ridge with large, legs brown or pale grayish brown, forelegs knobbed protuberance near middle of brownish black on outer surface, with ends of valve ...... crebraria segments paler. Abdomen above with mixed Diagonal sclerotized ridge without large pro- white, gray, grayish brown, and brown scales, tuberance ...... 3 paler below. 3. Posterior fork of paired structures of anellus UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings with three times as long as anterior fork . ground color dark brown or grayish brown, ...... antennatissima the latter heavily and overlain with Length of posterior and anterior branches of evenly paired brown scales, in many specimens with ante- structures of anellus equal. rior . portion of wing, from base, through cell, ...... eurwceraea as far as s. t. line, parallel with costa, broadly BASED ON FEMALE GENITALIA1 overlain with white scales; basal area varying 1. Lamella antevaginalis broadly fused with from pure ground color to heavily overlain lamella postvaginalis, producing a very with white scales; t. a. line weakly indicated, wide, flat, U-shaped plate around ostial often represented by brown costal spot about opening; signum with single elongate ray one-third of distance from base and elon- from anterior side. crebraria by Lamella antevaginalis gate brown spots on cubital vein and in fold; narrowly fused with median area with lamella postvaginalis, producing a nar- lower portion suffused with row, U-shaped plate around ostial open- brownish orange scales in some specimens, with a dark discal a ing; signum with rays of same size . spot, and narrow, brown, median shade in .matharma line, stronger lower portion of wing, slightly S-shaped; t. p. line repre- Betulodes crebraria (Guen6e) sented by blackish brown venular spots, in Plate 18, figures 1, 4, 5; text figures 19, 30 some specimens connected by weak concave Amphidasys crebraria GUENEE, 1857, Histoire line, these in some specimens stronger in naturelle des insectes, vol. 9, p. 210; 1858, op. cit., lower portion of wing, the line arising about atlas, phalenites, pl. 10, fig. 3 (female). WALKER, two-thirds of distance from base as a costal 1860, List of the specimens of lepidopterous in- sects in spot, extending outward to vein M3, then the collection of the British Museum, pt. concave to anal subterminal and 21, P. 308. VIETTE, 1950, Bull. Mens. Soc. Lin- vein; termi- n6enne, Lyon, yr. 19, p. nal areas concolorous with remainder of wing 202. or of Amphidasys cebraria (sic!), OBERTEHtR, 1913, ground color; s. t. line usually indicated Etudes de lpidopt6rologie compar6e, fasc. 7, p. by white dots or small, outwardly pointing 250. V's; terminal line brownish black or black, Betulodes crebraria, THIERRY-MIEG, 1904, Le some specimens with white scaling basally, Naturaliste, yr. 26, p. 183. broadly interrupted by veins; fringe concolor- A dimorphic species occurring in South ous with wing. Hind wings concolorous with America, the males being either a unicolorous forewings, tending to have basal area slightly brighter colored than outer part; median 1 The females of antennatissima and euriceraea are shade unknown. line present, extending across wing, passing basad of, or through, black discal 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 97 spot; extradiscal line black, usually complete, strongly curved ventrally and extending in some specimens pale and weak, concave from base of valve to near end of sclerotized between veins, the line with a longer tooth on ridge, and having a few small, raised projec- vein M3, usually passing about 2 mm. from tions terminally; anellus with large, smooth, discal dot; subterminal area brownish black paired structures, the posterior pair very or of ground color, irrorate with white scales slightly curved at base and recurved termi- in some specimens; s. t. line represented by nally, the anterior pair of about equal size, white cellular spots, strongest in lower extending anteriorly, then curved ventrally; portion of wing, marked basally in lower juxta moderately large, with posterolateral by dark brown scales; termi- areas extended posteriorly and connected portion of wing a nal line and fringe like those on forewings. with paired structures of anellus, and with UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: All wings pale weak median projection; saccus broadly brown, suffused with rounded or truncate anteriorly, with a slight to dark yellowish long grayish brown or brown scales; costa of fore- median concavity; aedeagus moderately wings brighter, interrupted by brownish and slender, about two-thirds of combined black irrorations; discal spots present on all lengths of tegumen and saccus, with terminal wings, otherwise without definite maculation, one-third somewhat flattened dorsoventrally. cross lines from upper FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with area of except for mirroring of pos- surface in most specimens. lamella postvaginalis raised, constricted 30 mm. teriorly, then flared out, with posterior LENGTH OF FOREWING: 26 to laterally FEMALE: Similar to male but much larger margin slightly concave medially, with and anteriorly the lamella antevaginalis and much paler. Head as in male, but U-shaped reduced palpi, not reaching middle of eye. continued as large, flat, very wide, with plate extending around ostial opening; ductus UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings anteriorly, ground color white, with numerous brown bursae short, scierotized, tapering some posteriorly with two small, inwardly directed strigations, and suffused with yellow in seminalis specimens; costa broadly brown at base and folds near ostial opening, ductus more arising dorsally from near anterior end of between cross lines; median area mem- heavily suffused with brown than adjacent ductus bursae; corpus bursae elongate, brown scaling at branous, ovate in outline, with a large, well- areas; subterminal area with with a raised costa and another above tornus. Hind wings sclerotized signum, flattened, maculation like ventral rim laterally and anteriorly, laterally concolorous with forewings, anteriorly with a that of male. with several small teeth and OF WINGS: Like that of single, elongate, tooth-like projection. UNDER SURFACE Unknown. male, but with white or pale yellow ground EARLY STAGES: with brown scaling more pro- FOOD PLANT: Unknown. color, and TYPES: The type male and allotype female nounced. Mus6um National FOREWING: 37 to 49 mm. are in the collection of the LENGTH oiF d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (Viette, 1950). MALE GENITALIA: Uncus elongate, taper- "Environs de Rio-Ja- ing; socius with approximately 24 setae; TYPE LOCALITY: ante- neiro," Brazil. gnathos narrow, becoming membranous South America and Pa- valves with outer margin rounded, DISTRIBUTION: riorly; nama. Specimens have been examined from bluntly pointed apically, extending posteri- Guiana, Panama, one-half to two-thirds of Bolivia, Brazil, British orly from between Paraguay, and Peru. On the wing in Febru- length of uncus; costa broadly sclerotized for July, October, and less than one-half of its length; median ary, April through portion of valve lightly sclerotized, with December. and eight sclerotized ridge ex- REMARKS: Thirty-two specimens raised, semi-diagonal, genitalic dissections were studied. The males tending distally from anterolateral margins color forms, one a laterally and termi- of this species occur in two of transtilla, curving dark brown, with extensive white scaling nating in a raised, knobbed protuberance surface of of along the front part of the upper near outer margin of valve; valves distad and the other without the ridge with elongate setae; sacculus swollen, the forewing, 98 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 white scaling, often being slightly lighter line absent; t. p. line weakly represented, brown in color. This variation does not indicated by dark markings on veins and by appear to be geographic nor does it seem to be slightly browner coloration in lower portion seasonal, as far as can be told from the rela- of wing; subterminal and terminal areas tively small amount of material examined. concolorous with remainder of wing; s. t. line Unfortunately most of the specimens exam- represented by two or three outwardly ined do not have the date of capture on the directed V-shaped marks at apex, and by a labels, so not very much can be accurately few white or dark brown scales above tornus; determined as to their seasonal occurrence. terminal line represented by dark, cellular As the specimens with the extensive white spots, more prominent in upper part of wing; suffusion are more numerous than the others, fringe dark brown, lighter opposite veins. in the material studied for this revision, it is Hind wings concolorous with forewings, or assumed that they are the dominant form and with basal area slightly brownish orange and that the non-white specimens are a recessive. irrorate with dark strigations; median shade The females do not show the same type of line weakly represented, nebulous, extending variation, although a few of the specimens across wing; discal spot black or blackish studied were broadly suffused with yellow. brown, prominent; extradiscal line black, deeply concave between veins, these concavi- Betulodes matharma (Druce), new combination ties filled with brownish gray and scattered white scales, the line with a slightly longer Plate 18, figures 2, 6, 7; text figures 20, 31 tooth on vein M3, and usually passing about Amphidasys matharma DRUcCE, 1892, Biologia 3 mm. from discal dot; s. t. line represented by Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Lepidoptera-Hetero- white cellular spots, variable in size and cera, vol. 2, p. 71; 1893, op. cit., vol. 3, pl. 48, figs. number; terminal line slightly darker than 5, 6 (males). terminal area, interrupted by veins; fringe A species extremely similar to crebraria and concolorous with wing. best separated from it by means of genitalic UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: All wings pale characters. yellowish brown, heavily suffused with gray- MALE: Head, vertex pale brown to dark ish brown scales; costa of forewings brighter, brown; front brownish black; palpi ascending interrupted by dark brown irrorations; discal to middle of eyes, dark brown or brownish spots present on all wings, otherwise without black. Thorax above with mixed white, dark much definite maculation, although extra- brown, and grayish brown scales, the collar discal line of secondaries may be present in dark brown or grayish brown, below grayish some specimens. brown, slightly darker anteriorly; legs gray LENGTH OF FOREWING: 25 to 30 mm. on inner surfaces, dark brown or grayish FEMALE: Similar to male, but much larger brown on outer surfaces, with ends of seg- and much paler. Head as in male, but with ments paler. Abdomen above brown, with reduced palpi, not reaching middle of eye. scattered black and white scales, the latter UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings with concentrated on first segment, and with ground color white, heavily irrorate with conspicuous dorsal tufts; paler below. numerous brown scales and strigations; UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings median area browner than adjacent areas, with ground color dark brown or grayish with dark, circular, discal dots centered with brown, with scattered black and white scales, white; t. p. line black, complete, but weakly in some specimens with anterior portion of represented in middle of wing; outer areas wing, from base, through cell, as far as s. t. with brown scaling tending to be concen- line, parallel with costa, broadly overlain trated along outer margin of t. p. line in with white scales; t. a. line absent or very lower portion of wing, along course of s. t. weakly indicated, apparently broadly bor- line, and in terminal area opposite cell and dered inwardly by white suffusion in some above tornus. Hind wings concolorous with specimens; median area of ground color, or fore-wings, maculation like that of male but with a faint orange-brown suffusion; discal with extradiscal line sharply defined. spot large, blackish brown; median shade UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Like that in 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 99 male, but with white ground color, and with anteriorly stellate with short, broad rays, and brown scaling more pronounced. with approximately 12 short, dorsal spines LENGTH OF FOREWING: 40 mm. medially. MALE GENITALIA: Uncus elongate, taper- EARLY STAGES: Unknown. ing; socius with from eight to 12 setae; FoOD PLANT: Unknown. gnathos narrow, somewhat widened anteri- TYPES: Druce described matharma from orly; valves with outer margin rounded, two specimens, a male and a female; both are bluntly pointed apically, extending posteri- in the collection of the British Museum orly from between one-half to two-thirds of (Natural History). The male is hereby desig- length of uncus; costa broadly sclerotized for nated as the lectotype. almost two-thirds of its length; median TYPE LOCALITY: Bugaba, Panama. portion of valve with central one-third DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala, Costa Rica, sclerotized transversely, with raised, semi- Panama, and Colombia. On the wing from diagonal, sclerotized ridge extending distally January through May, July, and October from near anterolateral margins of transtilla, through December. slightly curving laterally, terminating about REMARKS: Seventeen specimens and four in center of valve and at approximately genitalic dissections were studied. This spe- two-thirds of length of valve, with several cies is extremely similar to crebraria in color, small protuberances from top of ridge; valve size, and maculation. Both species have the distad of ridge with rather extensive area of two male color forms, the commoner being slender, elongate spines; sacculus swollen, dark brown, with extensive white scaling on curved ventrally and extending from base of the upper surface of the forewings, and a valve to near end of sclerotized ridge, and single, unicolorous brown example was also having approximately one dozen small, studied. One way to distinguish the males of sclerotized protuberances; anellus with large, the present species is by the location of the smooth, paired structures, the posterior pair extradiscal line of the secondaries, as it is arising from subtriangular bases, straight, usually slightly farther from the discal dot with their apices slightly angled, the anterior than in crebraria. In the females, the present pair of about equal size, extending antero- species can be distinguished by the heavier ventrally from slightly widened bases, straight and more even brown strigations on the upper and tapering apically; juxta moderately surface of the wings, and by the more sharply large, with posterolateral areas extending defined and more dentate t. p. and extradiscal posteriorly and connected with paired struc- lines. tures of anellus; saccus broadly rounded The geritalia offer the surest way to iden- anteriorly, or with a slight median concavity; tify this species correctly. In the male the aedeagus long and very slender, in length pointed apical portion of the valves and the slightly shorter than combined lengths of location of the sclerotized ridge on the inner tegumen and saccus, slightly S-shaped in face of the valves are diagnostic. In the fe- lateral view. male the smaller lamella postvaginalis and FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with area of lamella antevaginalis, as well as the differ- lamella postvaginalis raised, becoming less ently shaped signum, offer valid characters heavily sclerotized posteriorly and having for the separation of this species from several small transverse ridges, laterally and crebaria. anteriorly the lamella antevaginalis contin- Betulodes antennatissima (Dyar), ued as a narrowly U-shaped plate, extending new combination around ostial opening, with a few small ridges laterad of the latter; ductus bursae Plate 18, figure 3; text figure 21 short, sclerotized, tapering anteriorly, poste- Amphidasys antennatissima DYAR, 1916, Proc. vol. 29. rior lip concave; ductus seminalis arising from U. S. Natl. Mus., 52, p. right side at junction with corpus bursae; The males are of moderate size and have corpus bursae elongate, membranous, form- very long antennal pectinations. The species ing an elongate ellipse in outline, with a jwell- occurs in Mexico. sclerotized signum, flattened, laterally and MALE: Head, vertex light grayish brown; 100 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. .123 front dull black or blackish brown; palpi reflecting pattern from upper surface; termi- ascending to middle of eyes, grayish brown or nal line and fringes as on upper surface. blackish brown. Thorax above with mixed LENGTH OF FOREWING: 24 to 27 mm. light gray and brown scales, below grayish FEMALE: Unknown. brown or light gray, slightly darker anteri- MALE GENITALIA: Uncus elongate, taper- orly; legs light gray, with some grayish brown ing; socius with from 10 to 12 setae; gnathos scaling, the tarsi brown, with ends of seg- narrow, complete; valves with outer margin ments paler. Abdomen brown, with scattered angled, pointed apically; costa sclerotized for gray and brownish black scales, above and about five-sevenths of its length; median below, and with inconspicuous dorsal tufts. portion of valve with a raised, diagonal, UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings with sclerotized ridge, extending from near ante- ground color grayish brown, rather evenly rior margin of sclerotized costa at base and overlain with brown and blackish brown curving to outer margin just caudad of outer scales; basal area concolorous with median angle, slightly higher at both ends, with area; t. a. line very weakly indicated in upper several small protuberances from top of part of wing, outwardly curved in middle of ridge, the posterior surface and valve distad of wing and meeting inner margin about one- ridge with numerous setae; sacculus swollen, fourth of distance from base; median area curved ventrally and extending from base of with indistinct shade line, extending from valve to just before outer angle, this latter costa to discal dot, and then represented in area with several small sclerotized protuber- lower part of wing; discal dot small, round, ances; anellus with prominent, paired struc- pale; t. p. line dark, weakly represented in tures, the elongate posterior portion with the upper portion of wing, arising on costa apices curving posteriorly, rough-surfaced almost nine-tenths of distance from base, except for apices, the shorter anterior points concave opposite cell to vein M3, outwardly smooth, extending anteroventrally from dentate on veins M3 and Cul, concave again shank of posterior processes; juxta large, to anal vein, thence inwardly oblique to inner with small median swelling and with postero- margin at three-fifths of distance from base; lateral areas pointed outwardly; saccus subterminal area suffused with orange-brown truncate anteriorly, very slightly concave scaling outside t. p. line, being wider and medially; aedeagus very long and very more prominent in lower portion of wing; slender, in length slightly longer than s. t. line absent; terminal area concolorous combined lengths of tegumen and saccus, with median area, some specimens with a very slender, anterior portion of aedeagus patch of dark brown scales in cells M1 and M2; slightly thicker than slender, tapering poste- terminal line brownish black, thickened in rior end, with a small, laterally compressed cells, interrupted by veins; fringe concolorous extension on the anterior end. with wing. Hind wings concolorous with FEMALE GENITALIA: Unknown. forewings; base of wing brownish black, a EARLY STAGES: Unknown. continuation of t. a. line; median shade line FOOD PLANT: Unknown. black or brownish black, extending complete- TYPE: Dyar described this species from a ly across wing; discal spot small, pale; single male specimen (U.S.N.M. No. 18890). extradiscal line black or brownish black, TYPE LOCALITY: Cuernavaca, Morelos, weakly represented in upper portion of wing, Mexico. concave between veins M1 and Cu2; subter- DISTRIBUTION: The Mexican states of minal area tending to be filled with dark Morelos, Guerrero, and Nayarit. On the wing brownish gray scales, the central area filled in June and July. with orange-brown; s. t. line incompletely REMARKS: Four specimens and three geni- represented, indicated mainly by paler color talic dissections were studied. This species of terminal area; terminal line dark, narrow; can be recognized by the very long pectina- fringe as on forewings. tions in the male antennae. The shape of the UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: All wings pale forewings seems to be slightly longer and not gray or pale grayish brown, more or less quite so broad as in the preceding two species. heavily suffused with brown scales, these All four specimens examined are of the uni- 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 101 colorous brown form; no examples of the dark brownish black, broadly interrupted by brown form with extensive white scaling on veins; fringe concolorous with wing. Hind the wings is known as yet, although this wings concolorous with forewings; basal area coloration is present in every other species in with a few white scales (holotype); median the genus. shade line dull black, very faint or weakly represented; discal spot black, prominent; Betulodes euriceraea, new species extradiscal line black, complete, being em- Plate 19, figures 1, 2; text figure 22 phasized by venular spots; subterminal and terminal areas broadly suffused with white The males are similar to those of the scales or completely lacking these; s. t. line preceding species in having very long anten- weak, indicated by white scaling in cells; nal pectinations but are larger. This species terminal line and fringe as on forewings. occurs in western South America. UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: All wings MALE: Head, vertex brown or brownish yellowish brown, mottled with brown scales, gray; front blackish brown; palpi semi- and with pattern of upper surface weakly porrect or ascending to above middle of eyes, represented. blackish brown. Thorax above with mixed LENGTH OF FOREWING: 32 to 33 mm. brownish gray and white scales, the collar (holotype). brown, below grayish brown, slightly darker FEMALE: Unknown. anteriorly; legs grayish brown, the tarsi with MALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those of ends of segments slightly paler. Abdomen antennatissima; uncus elongate, with bluntly above blackish brown, with scattered white pointed apex; socius with from 12 to 18 setae; scales, or with mixed gray, grayish brown, gnathos narrow, complete or partly mem- and dark brown scales, with white scales on branous medially; valves with outer margin basal segment; below grayish brown. swollen, rounded apically; costa sclerotized UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings with for about three-fourths or four-fifths of its ground color dark brown, broadly overlain length; median portion of valve with a with white scales in basal area, in cell, and raised, diagonal, sclerotized ridge curving to extending to apex (holotype), or light brown, outer margin just caudad of outer angle, overlain with numerous dark brown scales becoming slightly thicker and higher distally, and strigations and lacking the extensive with a few small protuberances from near top white scalation; basal area of ground color, in of ridge; anellus with prominent, paired some specimens heavily suffused with white structures, the posterior portion angled below radial vein; t. a. line very weakly inwardly and curving posteriorly near end, indicated or absent, in some individuals the latter area with numerous small setae, the showing as spots on cubital and anal veins anterior pair as long as posterior, extending and in fold; median area concolorous with at right angle to shank of posterior processes, remainder of wing, overlain with white scales the apices tapering and with a slight posterior in cell (holotype); discal spot small, dark; curve; juxta broad, with small median swell- median shade line extremely weak or absent; ing and with posterolateral areas produced t. p. line represented by black venular spots, outwardly; aedeagus slightly shorter than these in some specimens weakly connected in combined lengths of uncus and tegumen, lower part of wing, arising about two-thirds slender, with slight swellings near middle and of distance from base as a small costal spot, posteriorly, the latter with minute scobina- going very slightly concave to vein Ms, tions. concave again to anal vein, and obliquely into FEMALE GENITALIA: Unknown. inner margin; subterminal area faintly suf- EARLY STAGES: Unknown. fused with pale brown scales in lower portion FOOD PLANT: Unknown. of wing; s. t. line indicated by white scales in TYPES: Holotype, male, Zamora, Ecuador, upper part of wing, and by a dark, nebulous elevation 3000-4000 feet (0. T. Baron), band below; terminal area concolorous with and paratype, male, Charaplaya (latitude subterminal area, some specimens with a 650 W., longitude 160 S.), Bolivia, June, 1901, patch of white scales in cell M3; terminal line elevation 1300 meters (Simmons). Both 102 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VO)L. 123 specimens are in the collection of the British segments, slightly swollen basally, of female Museum (Natural History). simple or shortly bipectinate. Thorax above DISTuBUTION: Known only from the two and below with elongate, hair-like scales, and type specimens from Ecuador and Bolivia. with paired metathoracic tuft; fore tibia REMARKS: Two specimens and two geni- with process of male arising in basal half of talic dissections were studied. This species is tibia, with long, hair-like scales from near quite similar to antennatissima in the anten- its base, the process varying from shorter to nae, maculation, and male genitalia. It can be longer than segment, of female very much separated from the Mexican one by its larger reduced, between one-fifth and one-ninth of size, and by its having the t. p. line repre- length of segment, hind tibia with terminal sented by venular dots. In the male genitalia, pair of spurs only. Abdomen with prominent euriceraea is distinguished by the much longer dorsal tufts. Forewings broad and pointed; anterior members of the paired structures of hind wings with Sc approximate to R about the anellus, as compared with those of an- one-fourth of length of cell; R and Ml from tnnatissima. vicinity of upper angle. This species also has the two color forms in MALE GENITALIA: Uncus elongate; socius the male similar to those found in crebraria present, consisting of approximately 18 to 24 and matharma. The dark specimen with elongate setae; extensive white gnathos narrow, sclerotized; scaling has been designated valves short, broad, costa sclerotized, with a as the type, as it is in better condition than wide, dentate, heavily sclerotized, transverse the second specimen. With but two specimens structure, sacculus on it is swollen, extending as far hand, impossible to say just what this as transverse structure, swollen or with small type of variation means in this species. teeth apically; anellus membranous, with GENUS PEMOURA HuLST lateral, paired structures well developed, Euboea GumPPENBERG, 1887, Nova Acta Deut- having two pairs of elongate, curved points; schen Akad. Naturf., HalIe, vol. 49, pp. 333, 340, juxta large, with posterolateral and median 344; 1893, ibid., vol. 59, p. 407.1 areas slightly produced, concave between; Phaeoura HULST, 1896, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., saccus broadly rounded or truncate anteri- vol. 23, p. 359. DYAR, "1902" (1903), Bull. U. S. orly; aedeagus slender; vesica Natl. Mus., no. 52, p. 328. J. B. SMITH, FEMALE unarmed. Check 1903, GENITALIA: Sterigma with quad- list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America, rate or elongate lamella lamella p. 77. BARNES AND McDUNNOUGH, 1917, Check postvaginalis, list of the Lepidoptera of boreal antevaginalis a weakly sclerotized strip; America, p. 119. ductus bursae a McDUNNOUGH, 1938, Check list, pt. 1, p. 166. short, sclerotized, funnel- Nacophora HULsT, 1896, Trans. Amer. Ent. shaped structure; ductus seminalis arising Soc., vol. 23, p. 360. DYAR, "1902" (1903), Bull. dorsally or on right side; corpus bursae U. S. Natl. Mus., no. 52, p. 329. J. B. SMiTH, 1903, usually without signum, rarely present. Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America, EARLY STAGES: The life histories of P. 77. BARNES AND MCDUNNOUGH, 1917, Check quernaria and cristifera have been published; list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America, p. 119. these are the only descriptions of the early MCDUNNOUGH, 1938, Check list, pt. 1, p. 165. stages of this genus. FoRBEs, 1948, Mem. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. TYPE Sta., no. 274, p. 84, SPECIES: Phalaena quernaria J. E. fig. 42. New synonymy. Smith for Euboea and Head with Nacophora; Eubyja short palpi; antennae with mexicanaria Grote for Phaeoura. The two between 60 and 90 segments, basal segments Hulst genera were shorter than by original designation; terminal ones in male, pectina- the Gumppenberg genus had but a tions of male extending to apex, the longest included species. single ones nine or 10 times as long as basal antennal RANGE: Eastern North America and the 1 Rocky Mountain and 2uboea Gumppenberg is the oldest name available Pacific coast states, for this genus, but it is not being used, as it has not extending south into Mexico and Guatemala. been published in the literature except for its oriial Forbes (1948), in his discussion of Naco- description and usage by Gumppenberg more than 70 states years phora, that "Phaeoura is not really a ago. In conformity with the principle of con- distinct genus." The servation, this name is hereby dropped. that present author agrees these constitute a single genus and, 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 103 as first reviser, uses Phaeoura Hulst as the ge- Mountains ...... cristifera neric name for this group of species. The rea- 4(2). Median area as wide as subterminal and into sons are that Phaeoura has page priority over terminal areas; t. a. line produced ...... cladonia six species were included in deep curve in cell Nacophora, and Median area much narrower than sub- it as compared with two for Nacophora (only terminal and terminal areas; t. a. line one of which is correctly placed here). Phae- not extended out into cell. . kirkwoodi oura, being older and containing more spe- 5(1). T. a. line sharply produced outward in cies than Nacophora, is the better known and cell, extending two-fifths to one-half of more used name, so is retained. length of wing ...... 6 This genus consists of 12 species. They are T. a. line less sharply bent outward in among the largest geometrid moths found in cell, extending about one-third of the United States and are usually rather length of wing ...... 8 poorly represented in collections. The adults 6(5). Upper surface of wings dark gray, with large orange-brown areas outside of resemble those of Biston Leach but can be distinguished by the fact that the male t. p. line above tornus and below costa ...... mexicanaria antennae are pectinate to the apex, by the Upper surface of wings brownish violet or elongate terminal seta at the end of each brownish orange, not as above . . . 7 pectination, by the single pair of spurs on the 7(6). Upper surface of wings brownish violet . . hind tibia, and by the presence of the abdom- ...... i.anthina inal tufting. The genitalia are very different, Upper surface of wings brownish orange

.. . . with Phaeoura having the transverse sclero- ...... spadix tized structure on the face of the valves, and 8(5). Upper surface of wings dark brownish ...... belua the female being without a strongly devel- gray Upper surface of wings lighter in color, oped signum and not having the very gray or grayish white, overlain with posteriores that are to elongated apophyses darker scales...... 9 be found in Biston. In addition, good differ- 9(8). Ground color of upper surface of wings ences are to be found in the early stages, white, lightly overlain with dark gray particularly in the egg and pupa, according to and brown scales ...... utahensis Forbes. Ground color light gray to gray, more heavily overlain with dark scales . .10 KEY TO SPECIES 10(9). Males with median area of forewings above suffused with dark brownish BASED ON EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY gray scales, and with prominent areas 1. Females dimorphic in coloration, with the of orange-brown scaling above tornus basal and subterminal areas of the up- and below costa distad of t. p. line; per surface of the forewings broadly wings of females lightly suffused with suffused with white. 2 orange-brown scales, antennae with Females with coloration of males . . 5 basal and terminal 10 or 15 segments 2(1). Males with median area of forewing above simple, the remainder very shortly bi- darker than remainder of wing; females pectinate ...... aetha with simple antennae ...... 3 Males with median area of forewings Males with concolorous median area; fe- above more or less suffused with dark males with dentate or very shortly gray scales, and with a small amount of below bipectinate antennae ...... 4 brown scaling above tornus and 3(2). Males with some white scaling at origin of costa distad of t. p. line; females not as t. a. and t. p. lines on upper surface of above...... 11 forewings (except in melanic indi- 11(10). Males with upper surface of forewings viduals); females light brown above, light gray, dusted with coarse dark scal- broadly suffused with white scaling (ex- ing, the median area darker than basal cept for melanic individuals); eastern and subterniunal areas, being suffused

North America ...... quernaria with dark gray scales, and with very Males without white scaling as described little brown shading distad of t. p. above; females brownish black, with line; wings of females suffused with dark less extensive white scaling; no melanic reddish brown, antennae with basal specimens known; southern Rocky and terminal five or six segments sim- 104 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123

ple, the remainder shortly bipectinate BASED ON MALE GENITALIA .. ...perfidaria Males with forewings above grayish 1. Paired, lateral structures of anellus with brown, without prominent overlay, the square or rectangular basal sections, the ...... anterior curved median area only slightly darkened, projections directed and with a more or less complete band ventrally.... . 2 of brown scaling distad of t. p. line; fe- Paired structures of anellus with elongate, male unknown...... cana very shallow basal sections, the anterior

f .., 1%.0 9 lo110 12v FIGS. 1-12. Lateral structures of anellus of male genitalia. 1. Phaeoura quernaria (J. E. Smith), Florida (Mrs. A. T. Slosson; A.M.N.H.). 2. P. cristifera Hulst, lectotype, Colorado (Bruce; A.M.N.H.). 3. P. cladoinia (C. Felder, R. Felder, and Rogenhofer), San Angel, Distrito Federal, Mexico, July 22. 1911 (C. C. Hoffmann; A.M.N.H.). 4. P. kirkwoodi, new species, holotype, Pinery Canyon, Arizona, July 8, 1956 (C. W. Kirkwood; A.M.N.H.). 5. P. mexicanaria (Grote), Spring Creek, Oregon, June 14, 1955 (J. H. Baker; A.M.N.H.). 6. P. ianthina, new species, holotype, La Polvosa, Chihuahua, Mexico, August 16, 1958 (L. R. Commissaris; A.M.N.H.). 7. P. spadix, new species, holotype, Acapulco, Mexico (U.S.N.M.). 8. P. belua, new species, paratype, Tonto Creek Fish Hatchery, Arizona, June 21, 1957 (Martin, Ford, Rees; A.M.N.H.). 9. P. perfidaria Barnes and McDunnough, Alamosa, Colorado (Oslar; A.M.N.H.). 10. P. aetha, new species, holotype, Smoky Valley, California, June 23, 1947 (C. Ingham; A.M.N.H.). 11. P. utahensis Cassino and Swett, Paradise, Arizona, July (A.M.N.H.). 12. P. cana, new species, holotype, Camp Angelus, California, July 16, 1946 (N. Crickmer; A.M.N.H.). 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 105 curved projections directed cephalad BASED ON FEMALE GENITALIA1 ...... 5 1. Lamella postvaginalis more or less square 2(1). Transverse structure on inner face of in outline. 2 valves in form of raised ridge; aedeagus Lamella postvaginalis elongate, broadest a simple tube with truncate posterior posteriorly and with an anterior con- end ...... 3 striction, almost twice as long as maxi- Transverse structure on inner face of mum width. 5 valves in form of a swelling; aedeagus 2(1). Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae about slightly swollen posteriorly, terminat- one and one-half times as long as wide, ing in a sharp point...... 4 with ventral rim strongly convex. . . 3 3(2). Paired, lateral structures of anellus with Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae with anterior projections curved posteriorly width and length equal, with ventral ...... * quernaria rim flat or slightly swollen. . . . . 4 Paired structures of anellus with anterior 3(2). Lamella postvaginalis with median con- projections directed ventrally.cristifera striction. quernari 4(2). Posterior margin of paired anellus struc- Lamella postvaginalis without median tures spinose ...... kirkwoodi constriction .cristifera Posterior margin of paired anellus struc- 4(2). Lamella postvaginalis a sclerotized square

tures smooth .cladonia ...... cladonia 5(1). Sclerotized base of juxta with lateral, Lamella postvaginalis widest posteriorly, deeply invaginated circular areas oc- slightly constricted medially, with ir- cupying one-half of width of area be- regular edges .kirkwoodi more or less tween sides of vinculum ...... 6 5(1). Ventral lip of ductus bursae of juxta without lateral truncate, with several small indentions, Sclerotized base . circular invaginations...... 8 rather weakly sclerotized mexicanaria Ventral.... lip of ductus bursae smoothly 6(5). Base of sacculus tapering, with basal con- striction of juxta located at end thereof convex, well sclerotized ...... 6 ...... mex$canaria...... 6(5). Lamella postvaginalis and lateral projec- con- tions of sternum symmetrical . . . 7 Sacculus widest at base, with basal These structures asymmetrical, projec- striction of juxta located near postero- tion and lamella postvaginalis on right dorsal margin of same ...... 7 extend- side located slightly more posteriorly 7(6). Anterior pair of anellus structures than those on left side . . . . . aetha ing cephalad.santhina 7(6). Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae Anterior pair of anellus structures curving wider than long .perfidaria ventrally ...... spadix Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae with 8(5). Ventral surface of paired anellus struc- length equal to, or greater than, width tures flat ...... betua of posterior end .8...... 8 Ventral surface of paired anellus struc- 8(7). Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae with tures curved, slightly S-shaped. . . 9 length equal to width of posterior end 9(8). Posterior end of aedeagus with lateral ...... belua margins produced, concave medially . Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae with ..cana length twice that of width of posterior s Posterior end of aedeagus trifid, with end ...... spadix median projection . . . 10 prominent Phaeoura quemaria (J. E. Smith), 10(9). Posterior pair of anellus structures setose, new combination setae located on sides as well as the 32 ventrally ...... 11 Plate 19, figures 3-6; text figures 1, 13, 23, Posterior pair of anellus structures very Phalaena querneria J. E. SMITH, 1797, The sparsely setose, the setae on ventral natural history of the rarer lepidopterous insects surface only ...... utahensis of Georgia... from observations by John Abbot, 11(10). Anellus structures with posterior pair vol. 2, p. 205, pl. 103 (male and female, larva, heavily setose, anterior pair evenly pupa). curving ventrally . . . . perfidaria Amphidasys quernaria, GuENEE, 1857, Histoire Anellus structures with posterior pair lightly setose, anterior pair with ventral 1 The female genitalia of janthina, utahensis, and cena margin slightly concave. aetha are not included. 106 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 naturelle des insectes, vol. 9, P. 207. WALKER, Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 360. GROSSBECK, 1860, List of the specimens of lepidopterous in- 1910, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus., for sects in the collection of the British Museum, pt. 1909, p. 504; 1917, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 21, P. 307. ANON., 1882, Check list of Macro- vol. 37, p. 100. BARNES AND MCDUNNOUGH, 1917, lepidoptera, Brooklyn Entomological Society, p. Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America, 24. OBERTHtiR, 1913, Atudes de l6pidopt6rologie p. 119 (synonym of guernaria). compar6e, fasc. 7, p. 250. Amphidasys sperataria WALKER, 1860, List of Ampkidasis quernaria, PACKARD, 1876, A mono- the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the col- graph of the geometrid moths ... of the United lection of the British Museum, pt. 21, p. 307. States, pl. 11, fig. 6 (female). GUMPPENBERG, 1893, Nova Acta Deutschen Eubyja quernaria, GROTE AND ROBINSON, 1868, Akad. Naturf., Halle, vol. 59, p. 378. HULST, 1895, List of the Lepidoptera of North America, p. 49. Ent. News, vol. 6, p. 41 (synonym of cognataria PACKARD, 1876, A monograph of the geometrid Guen6e). moths... of the United States, p. 411. GROTE, Eubyia sperataria, J. B. SMITH, 1891, List of the 1882, New check list of North American moths, Lepidoptera of boreal America, p. 73. p. 49. BEUTENMtLLER, 1890, Ann. New York Lycia sperataria, DYAR, "1902" (1903), Bull. Acad. Sci., vol. 5, p. 222. U. S. Natl. Mus., no. 52, p. 328. J. B. SMITH, Eubyia quernaria, HULST, 1888, Ent. Amer., 1903, Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal vol. 4, p. 50; 1895, Ent. News, vol. 6, p. 41. J. B. America, p. 77. SMITH, 1891, List of the Lepidoptera of boreal Nacophora sperataria, BARNES AND McDUN- America, p. 73. NOUGH, 1917, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Euboea quernaria, GUMPPENBERG, 1893, Nova boreal America, p. 119 (synonym of quernaria). Acta Deutschen Akad. Naturf., Halle, vol. 59, p. Amphidasys paenulataria GROTE, 1863, Proc. 408. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 2, p. 31, pl. 2, fig. Nacophora quernaria, HULST, 1896, Trans. 3 (male). Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 360. HOLLAND, 1903, Eubyja paenulataria, GROTE AND ROBINSON, Moth book, p. 345, pl. 44, fig. 14 (female). ENGEL, 1868, List of the of 1908, Lepidoptera North America, Canadian Ent., vol. 40, p. 122. GROSSBECK, p. 49. GROTE, 1876, Canadian Ent., vol. 8, p. 153; 1910, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus., for 1882, New check list of North 1909, p. 504; 1917, American moths, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., p. 49. HULST, 1895, Ent. News, vol. 6, p. 41 vol. 37, p. 100. BARNES AND MCDUNNOUGH, 1917, (synonym of phigaliaria). Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America, Eubyia quernaria paenulataria, J. B. SMITH, P. 119. BRITTON, 1920, State Geol. and Nat. Hist. 1891, List of the Lepidoptera of boreal America, Surv. Bull., Connecticut, no. 31, p. 117. FORBES, p. 73. 1928, in Leonard, Mem. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. "1902" Sta., no. 101, p. 604; 1948, Nacophora paenulataria, DYAR, (1903), ibid., no. 274, p. 84. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., no. 52, p. 329. J. B. SMITH, MCDUNNOUGH, 1938, Check list, pt. 1, p. 165. 1903, Check list of the of boreal PROCTER, 1938, Biological survey of the Mount Lepidoptera Desert America, p. 78. BARNES AND MCDUNNOUGH, region, pt. 6, p. 240; 1946, op. cit., pt. 7, 1917, Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal p. 278. JONES AND KIMBALL, 1943, Publ. Nan- America, p. 119 of tucket Maria Mitchell Assoc., vol. 4, p. 117. (synonym quernaria). TIEz, 1952, Lepidoptera of Amphidasys cupidaria GROTE, 1864, Proc. Ent. Pennsylvania, p. 138. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 3, p. 534, pl. 6, fig. 8 FERGUSON, 1954, Proc. Nova Scotian Inst. Sci., Check (male). vol. 23, p. 316. ANON., 1882, list of Macrolepidoptera, Brooklyn Entomological Society, p. 24. Synopsia phigaliaria GUEN{E, 1857, Histoire naturelle des insectes, vol. 9, p. 225; 1858, op. Amphidasis cupidaria, PACKARD, 1876, A cit., monograph of the geometrid moths. . . of the atlas, phalenites, pl. 4, fig. 1. GUMPPENBERG, United 1887, Nova Acta Deutschen Akad. Naturf., Halle, States, p. 412, pl. 11, fig. 5 (male). Eubyja cupidaria, GROTE: AND vol. 49, p.338. HULST, 1895, Ent. News, vol. 6, p. List ROBINSON, 1868, 41. OBERTE[tR, 1913, Etudes de l6pidopterologie of the Lepidoptera of North America, p. 49. compar6e, fasc. 7, p. 258. PACKARD, 1876, A monograph of the geometrid Synopsia moths . ., of the United States, p. 411. GROTE, phigalearia (sicl), WALKER, 1860, 1882, New check list of North American List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in P. 49. moths, the collection of the British Museum, pt. 21, p. GUMPPENBERG, 1887, Nova Acta Deutschen 328. Akad. Naturf., Halle, vol. 49, p. 338. BEUTEN- Eubyia MtLLER, 1890, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 5, quernaria phigaliaria, J. B. SMITH, 1891, p. 222. Ent. List of the Lepidoptera of boreal America, p. 73. HULST, 1895, News, vol. 6, p. 41. Nacophora phigaliaria, HULST, 1896, Trans. Eubyia cupidaria, J. B. SMITH, 1891, List of the Lepidoptera of boreal America, p. 73. 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 107 Nacophora cupidaria, HULST, 1896, Trans. on veins only, more or less broadly shaded Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 360. GROSSBECK, basally by white, with slight outward bend in 1910, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus., for 1909, cell, then curving basally to meet inner p. 504. BARNES AND MCDUNNOUGH, 1917, Check margin one-fourth of distance from base, in list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America, p. 119 with small, inwardly di- (synonym of quernaria). many specimens Macophora (sic!) cupidaria, ENGEL, 1908, Cana- rected teeth on veins; median area concolor- dian Ent., vol. 40, p. 124. ous with basal area, or slightly darker, in Nacophora quernaria var. atrescens HULST, many with white scaling in cell; discal spot 1898, Canadian Ent., vol. 30, P. 162. SHOEMAKER elliptical, weakly represented; t. p. line AND DAVIS, 1922, Ent. News, vol. 33, p. 310 arising on costa about seven-tenths of (illustration of female). RINDGE, 1955, Bull. Amer. distance from base, blackish brown, com- Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 106, p. 137. plete, more or less broadly shaded distally by Nacophora quernaria atrescens, DYAR, "1902" white, proceeding straight or with slight (1903), BuIl. U. S. Natl. Mus., no. 52, p. 329. concavity to a prominent, outwardly directed J. B. SMITH, 1903, Check list of the Lepidoptera tooth on vein M3 and a slightly smaller one on of boreal America, p. 78. vein Cul, concave below this, with another Nacophora quernaria form atrescens, BARNES outward angle on anal vein, then basad to AND McDUNNOUGH, 1917, Check list of the Lepi- inner margin; subterminal area mostly white doptera of boreal America, p. 119. basally, especially near costa, light brown A moderate-sized species, with the median distally; s. t. line white, narrow, interrupted area of the forewings slightly darkened and by veins; terminal area white at apex of wing with white scaling along the cross lines, and in cell M3, otherwise of ground color, cell found in eastern North America. The females Cu2 with scattered white scales in some are larger and whiter than the males. specimens; terminal line dark, narrow, broad- Melanic and semi-melanic specimens occur in ly interrupted by veins; fringe concolorous this species. with wing, in some slightly lighter opposite MALE: Normal form: Head, vertex white, veins. Hind wings concolorous with fore- brown, or a combination of the two; front wings; basal and median areas suffused with brown or dark brown; palpi dark brown, white scales in some specimens; dark median slightly paler below and on inner surfaces; shade line often present, enclosing elongate, antennae with from 61 to 69 segments. weak discal spot; extradiscal line blackish Thorax above with a mixture of white, gray, brown, extending completely across wing as brown, and dark brown scales, tegulae white a more or less straight line, with small, out- in some specimens, usually brownish; below wardly directed projections on veins R and grayish brown or brown; legs dark brown or M3, and slightly concave elsewhere; the line blackish brown, the ends of tibia and tarsal usually shaded distally by white; outer por- segments white; process of fore tibia about tion of wing similar to same area on forewing. one and one-fourth times longer than tibia, UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: All wings arising near upper end, extending well beyond white overlain with pale brown, and with end of segment. Abdomen above brown, with scattered dark brown and blackish brown blackish brown, gray, and white scales, scales, with maculation of upper surface forming weak segmental borders, basal present; forewings with median area dark- segment white in some specimens; below ened, with median shade line present in some paler. specimens; fringes concolorous with wings, UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings becoming darker distally. with ground color light brown, with variable Melanic form: Head, thorax and abdomen amounts of dark brown scaling, and with black or blackish brown; thorax slightly paler considerable, although variable, areas of pure below; legs as in normal form but white bands white scales located basad of t. a. line and narrower. distad of t. p. line, thus emphasizing the UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Ground color of all wings unicolorous black or blackish cross lines; t. a. line blackish brown, arising and on costa about one-third of distance from brown; forewings with t. a. and t. p. lines, base, in some specimens represented by dots hind wings with extradiscal line, varying 108 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 from clearly defined to absent, grayish black ventrally; juxta broadly connecting well- when present; otherwise without maculation. separated sacculi, sclerotized, posterolateral UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Ground color areas narrowly extended caudad to connect of all wings unicolorous black; maculation with paired structures anteriad of transtilla, varying from presence of outer cross lines to and with median area slightly produced, complete absence. rounded; saccus broadly U-shaped; aedeagus LENGTH OF FOREWING: 19 to 22 mm. slender, posterior end truncate, with slight FEMALE: Normal form: Head like that in constriction just distad of center, the pos- normal male, vertex white; antennae simple. teroventral portion usually with small area of Thorax with anterior portion mainly white, fine spicules, in length equal to about three- dark brown posteriorly; below, and legs, fourths to four-fifths of combined lengths of similar to those of normal male. Abdomen tegumen and saccus. mainly white, especially posteriorly, with FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with lamella brown and blackish brown scaling. postvaginalis constricted medially, widening UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Like that of anteriorly, the lateral edges swollen ven- normal male, but with a greater amount of trally; ductus bursae with ventral rim ex- white scaling, in some specimens becoming tended posteriorly on midline, tapering the principal color; median area of forewings anteriorly and becoming membranous, with and basal area of hind wings dark brown, ductus seminalis arising from this area; darker than in most males. corpus bursae pear-shaped, signum absent or UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Like that of weakly represented, when present, small and normal male, but with a tendency for more white inconspicuous. scaling. EARLY STAGES: The caterpillar and pupa Melanic form: Similar to melanic male; were illustrated by J. E. Smith (1797). wings with a tendency to have cross lines Guen6e (1857) described the larva from the white, at least in part, instead of grayish illustrations in Smith. black. Packard (1876) quoted Guen6e's then a LENGTH OF FOREWING: 22 description, gave short to 30 mm. additional description based on an MALE GENITALIA: Uncus long and unpub- slender, lished drawing of Abbot. Engel (1908) gave a with numerous setae, apex with an elongate, complete description of all stages of the life sderotized point; socius with approximately cycle. Forbes (1948) briefly summarized the 18 setae; gnathos narrow, sclerotized; valves important characters of the extending slightly beyond posterior margin and egg, caterpillar, of tegumen, costa pupa. broadly sclerotized for FOOD PLANTS: Oak appears to be the about one-half of length, cucullus evenly preferred host. Packard rounded, transverse structure in middle (1876) based his of additional larval description on examples of inner surface of valve connecting base of Crataegus, which should be costa and end of sacculus, in form of heavily verified. Both sclerotized, laterally Engel (1908) and Shoemaker and Davis compressed, raised ridge, (1922) reported wild as a extending two-thirds to three-fourths of cherry host; the former stated that, of the two, oak seemed to distance to sacculus, terminating in long, be Tietz recurved, multispinose apex, the preferred. (1952) stated that the latter with larva is a general feeder on trees, in addition variable number of spines, sacculus broadly to the above food swollen and raised, tapering distally, termi- plants, which also should nating with be verified. Ferguson (1954) stated that several small, thick, variable birch is a spines at end, outer margin of valve in some reported food plant. TYPES: The location of the types of specimens swollen at this location; transtilla a and broad band, narrowed medially; anellus with quernaria phigaliaria is unknown. The paired lateral structures types of sPerataria Walker, paenulataria attached to anterior Grote, and cupidaria Grote margin of transtilla, arising from square or British are in the rectangular bases, terminating in an elongate, Museum (Natural History). The unique type of atrescens is in the collection posteriorly curving caudal spine and a the American of smaller, anterior spine directed postero- Museum of Natural History. TYPE LOCALITIES: Georgia (quernaria); 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 109 "Am&rique septentrionale" (phigaliaria); the 1917. A close study of this species shows that United States (sperataria); "Middle States" virtually no two examples have the same (paenulataria and cupidaria); London, On- maculation and color. Variability is a feature tario (atrescens). of the species in both sexes, with the female DISTRIBUTION: From Florida, Arkansas, being larger and having whiter wings than and Texas in the southern United States, the male. Males from Texas and Florida north to Nova Scotia, and east to Ontario usually have very little or no white scaling on and Wisconsin. (See fig. 13.) On the wing in the upper surface of the wings. Specimens April through August in the north, appearing from these states may form a valid subspe- as early as January in Florida. cies, but until much more material is avail- REMARKS: Two hundred and seventy-five able from the Deep South and bordering specimens and 17 genitalic dissections were states it is thought advisable not to apply a studied. This species is quite variable, as a name to these moths. glance at the synonymy indicates; the status This variability is further complicated by of all the various names was not settled until the presence of melanic specimens, and others

FIG. 13. Distribution of Phaeoura quernaria (J. E. Smith). In addition to the plotted localities, this species is also known from Arkansas and Virginia. 110 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 that appear to be intermediate between the below and on inner surfaces; antennae with normal and the black forms. The description from 68 to 73 segments. Thorax above with a of the melanic form (atrescens Hulst) was mixture of pale gray, brown, and brownish based on a somewhat intermediate specimen, black scales, collar brownish, pale basally and and was published in 1898. More recently the black distally, tegulae tending to be pale melanic specimens have been taken in New gray, with scattered brown scales and hair- Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, mainly like scales; below heavily clothed with hair- within the past 10 to 15 years. like scales, pale gray or pale grayish brown, There is considerable individual variability prothorax darker; legs grayish brown to in the male genitalia of this species and brownish black, the ends of tibia and of tarsal others, particularly in the shape and extent of segments whitish gray; process of fore tibia the armament of the valves. The apices of the shorter than tibia, arising about two-sevenths transverse process may be symmetrical or of distance from base, extending well beyond asymmetrical, with a tendency for the right end of segment. Abdomen above with mixed side to have more points than the left; the pale gray and brown scales, the ends of right side often has two or three apical spines, segments narrowly marked with black scales, while the left usually has one or two. It is basal segment pale gray; below pale gray, difficult to find two specimens that are with scattered light brown scales. identical in this respect. Further variability UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings is noted in the nature of the spining of the with ground color pale grayish brown, with terminal portion of the sacculus. variable amounts of dark brown and dull Phaeoura cristifera Hulst orange-brown scaling; t. a. line black, arising on costa one-third of distance from base, Plate 19, figures 7,8; text figures 2, 14, 33 crossing costa at right angle, curving outward Phaeoura cristifera HuLST, 1896, Trans. Amer. in cell, then swinging basally to meet inner Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 360. DYAR, "1902" (1903), margin about one-fifth of distance from Bull. U. S. Natl. base, Mus., no. 52, p. 328. J. B. SMITE, with small inwardly pointing tooth on cubital 1903, Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal the America, p. 77. BARNES AND vein, line bordered basally by ground McDUNNOUGH, color; median area heavily suffused with dark 1912, Contributions to the natural history of the brown Lepidoptera of North America, vol. 1, no. 4, p. and black scales, with a dark, nebu- 35, pl. 16, fig. 8 (male); 1917, Check list of the lous shade line in many specimens; discal Lepidoptera of boreal America, p. 77. McDUN- spot elliptical, not very prominent; t. p. line NOUGH, 1938, Check list, pt. 1, p. 166. RINDGE, black, arising on costa about seven-tenths of 1955, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 106, p. distance from base, as a concave 140. J. A. proceeding CoMsToc1K, 1959, Bull. Southern Cali- loop, with a minute tooth on vein M1, to a fornia Acad. Sci., vol. 58, p. 101, pls. 32-34 (early stages). prominent, outwardly directed tooth on vein Pkaeouranmexicanaria, W. M3, sharply angled posteriorly, with a S. WRIGHT (nec smaller tooth on vein Grote), 1920, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. Cul, broadly concave 42, p. 489. below this tooth, with a minute tooth on Nacophora quernaria, FORBES (nec J. E. Smith), vein Cu2 and a prominent tooth on anal vein, 1948, Mem. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta., no. 274, then sharply angled to meet inner margin p. 84 (partim). just distad of middle; subterminal area of A ground color basally, thus emphasizing t. p. moderate-sized species, with the median line by contrast of area of the forewings slightly darkened and colors, many specimens without having lower part of t. p. line shaded by white scaling along the cross lines. dark cell The females have extensive white scaling, and grayish brown, R5 tending to have a no melanic specimens are known of pale gray or white spot, outer portion of this subterminal area suffused with a dull species of the southwestern United States. brown orange- MALE: Head, vertex with band, becoming brownish black in cells mixed pale gray M1 and s. t. and brown scales; front grayish brown, M2; line grayish white, very narrow, often poorly defined; terminal area becoming dark brown laterally and dorsally; brownish palpi dark brown laterally, grayish black in cells R5, Ml, and M2, brown interrupted by paler veins; terminal line 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI III black, narrowly interrupted by veins; fringe curved in middle of valve, rather wide, in concolorous with terminal area, interrupted many specimens with a few small teeth by veins. Hind wings concolorous with medially and terminating in spinose apices; forewings; basal and median areas irrorate anellus with lateral structures arising from with brown and blackish brown scales; dark square or rectangular bases, terminating in median shade line present, often enclosing an elongate, posteriorly curving, caudal small discal spot; extradiscal line black, spine and a smaller anterior spine directed extending completely across wing, with ventrally; juxta with posterolateral areas small, outwardly directed projections on tending to be rather broad, subtriangular in veins R and M3, and slightly concave else- some specimens, and with median area where; outer portion of wing similar to same broadly triangular, extending as far as, or area on forewing. beyond, ends of posterolateral areas; saccus UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: All wings pale broadly U-shaped, the anterior margin slightly gray, overlain with dull black scales, espe- concave in some specimens. cially in median area and in outer portion of FEMALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those wings, the veins tending to be pale brown; of quernaria; sterigma with lamella post- maculation of upper surface present, with vaginalis poorly defined, slightly tapered and discal spots more prominent. bluntly rounded posteriorly; ductus bursae LENGTH OF FOREWING: 17 to 21 mm. with ventral rim broadly extended posteri- FEMALE: Head, vertex white or brownish orly on midline; corpus bursae with signum gray; front blackish brown; palpi blackish absent or weakly represented. brown laterally, paler below and on inner EARLY STAGES: Described and illustrated surfaces; antennae simple. Thorax above by J. A. Comstock (1959). with white, grayish black, and black scales, FOOD PLANT: Willow. the first the dominant color; below grayish TYPE: In the original description of this black or grayish brown; legs brown or species, Hulst gave no indication of the blackish brown, with white on ends of tibia number of specimens on which the descrip- and of tarsal segments. Abdomen above tion was based. At least two male specimens covered with white, dark brown, and black labeled "type" are in existence, one being in scales, dark basally, tending to become the collection of the United States National largely white posteriorly. Museum and the other in the American UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Pattern like Museum of Natural History, ex Hulst that of male, but forewings with areas basad collection at Rutgers University. The former of t. a. line and distad of t. p. line broadly specimen has highly contrasting colors, suffused with white, with scattered white while the latter is a much plainer specimen. scaling in cell in median area, and in many As the original description does not mention specimens extending to wing margin at apex the contrasting nature of the pattern, it is and in cell M3; median area and terminal assumed that the description was not based areas brownish black. Hind wings with scat- on the former specimen. Accordingly, the tered white scaling in basal and median areas; male in the collection of the American area distad of extradiscal line broadly suf- Museum of Natural History is hereby fused with white; terminal area with white designated the lectotype. scaling at apex and in cell M3; remainder of TYPE LOCALITY: Colorado (Bruce). wing brownish black. DISTRIBUTION: Colorado, Arizona, and UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Like that of western Texas. (See fig. 14.) The reference to male, but with ground color white. quernaria from Arizona in Forbes is to this LENGTH OF FOREWING: 23 to 29 mm. species. Onthewinginlate March, April, May, MALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those of June, July, and August. guernaria; valves with costal sclerotization REMARKS: One hundred and eighty speci- extending for about three-fourths of length, mens and nine genitalic dissections were transverse structure on inner face of valve studied. This species is very similar to quer- extending about seven-eighths of distance to naria. As compared with the latter, cristifera sacculus, tending to be angled outward or has the cross lines of the upper surface of 112 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123

FIG. 14. Distribution of Phaeoura cristifera Hulst.

the wings more clearly defined, the wings appear to be somewhat lighter in color than darker brown, and both sexes slightly smaller. those of the Arizona population, they have Only rarely do the males of cristifera have fewer dark scales and speckling, and the any white scales on either the upper or subterminal and terminal areas of the wings lower surfaces of the wings. The females can are only slightly darkened. Fresh material be recognized by the darker coloration of the from Colorado is badly needed to demon- wings above, and they have, in general, less strate whether or not these differences are extensive areas of white scaling than is to be constant; if they are, it may be necessary to found in quernaria. Melanic specimens of restrict the name to the population from this cristifera are not known, as melanism is state. known to occur in quernaria only. The male genitalia of this species are very In recent years this species has been similar to those of quernaria and show the collected in Arizona fairly often, although the same type of variability. The present species females apparently do not readily come to tends to have a wider and broader transverse light. Males from the population in the process on the valve and to have simpler mountains of southern Arizona are consistent apices than does quernaria. In cristifera both in having the upper surface of the wings processes usually terminate in a single spine, rather dark, finely speckled with dark scales, although the right side may have two or a dull orange-brown band on the subterminal three, and the left two, apical projections. areas of the wings, and the terminal area Additional differences are to be found in the usually a darker brown. Specimens from extent of the costal sclerotization of the Colorado, the type locality, are very poorly valve and in the paired structures of the represented in collections; those few moths anellus, particularly in the anterior spine. from that state that are available are usually The female genitalia are also very much quite old and perhaps faded. These specimens like those of quernaria. In cristifera, the 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 113 lamella postvaginalis is not so well defined as portion of wing; discal spot very weakly in the preceding species, and it is tapered and indicated; t. p. line black, arising on costa bluntly rounded posteriorly. about seven-tenths of distance from base, with strong, Phaeoura cladonia (C. Felder, R. Felder, and outwardly directed teeth on Rogenhofer), new combination veins, proceeding straight or slightly concave to the most prominent tooth, on vein M3, Plate 19, figures 9, 10; text figures 3, 34 with a slightly smaller tooth on vein Cul, then Amphidasys cladonia C. FELDER, R. FIELDER, broadly concave, produced prominently out- AND ROGENHOFER, "1864-1867" (1875), Reise der ward again on anal vein, then sharply angled Osterrichischen Fregatte "Novara" um die Erde, to meet inner margin about three-fourths vol. 2, atlas, p. 2, pl. 125, fig. 13 (female). of distance from base; subterminal area con- Amphidasis charon DRUCE, 1898, Biologia colorous with median area; s. t. line rep- Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera-Heterocera, resented suppl., vol. 2, p. 533; 1898, op. cit., vol. 3, pl. 98, by a small white spot in cell R5, fig. 24 (male; not fig. 23, female). New synonymy. in some specimens also in cell R4, and with Amphidasys exoticaria DYAR, 1907, Jour. New a faint, dark line above tornus; terminal York Ent. Soc., vol. 15, p. 233. New synonymy. area concolorous with subterminal area in upper part of wing, interrupted by lighter- A species from Mexico that is larger and colored veins, with a pure white spot in cell more unicolorous than Phaeoura cristifera. M3, brownish yellow from cell M3 to anal The males have virtually no white scaling, angle, extending into outer portion of while the females are broadly shaded with subterminal area in lower part of wing; this color. terminal line absent; fringe brown, inter- MALE: Head covered mainly with hair- rupted at vein endings. Hind wings concolor- like scales; vertex dark brown; front dark ous with forewings; basal and median areas brown or blackish brown; palpi extending more or less irrorate, with brownish yellow beyond front and above lower margin of scales; dark median shade line and discal spot eyes, grayish brown, paler below and on weakly represented or absent; extradiscal inner surfaces; antennae with from 68 to 71 line black, extending completely across wing, segments. Thorax above dark brown, with with outward projection on vein M3, in some numerous hair-like scales, with scattered specimens with small teeth on other veins, dark gray scales in tegulae and blackish concave between, particularly in lower part of brown scales on posterior tuft; below heavily wing; outer portion of wing similar to same clothed with hair-like scales, grayish brown, area on forewing, with small white spot in prothorax darker; legs grayish brown or cell M3. brown, the ends of tibia and of tarsal segments UNDER SURFACE OF Wings: All wings dark whitish gray; process of fore tibia longer than brown; forewings with grayish white spots tibia, arising near base, extending well be- along costa, without cross lines, with outer yond end of segment. Abdomen dark brown, portion of wing reflecting lighter color and the ends of segments narrowly blackish white spot from upper surface; hind wings brown; below with some grayish brown scales irrorate with light brown or brownish gray, and hair-like scales. extradiscal line faintly represented, outer UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings with portion of wing reflecting lighter color and ground color dark brown, with a few scat- white spot from upper surface. tered black and blackish brown scales; basal LENGTH OF FOREWING: 22 to 24 mm. area concolorous with median area; t. a. line FEMALE: Head, vertex white, mixed with black, arising on costa one-third of distance brown scales in some specimens; front and from base, sharply angled outward in cell, palpi like those of males; antennae simple then swinging sharply basally, with inwardly basally, becoming dentate or very shortly pointing teeth on cubital and anal veins, to bipectinate about one-third of distance from meet inner margin about one-fifth of distance base and with apex simple. Thorax above from base; median area with scattered white, with brown scales on collar and on brown scales along costa and below cell, with posterior portion of thorax; below grayish a weak, dark, nebulous, shade line in lower brown or brown; legs brown or dark brown, 114 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 with white on ends of tibiae and of tarsal smaller, anterior spine directed ventrally; segments. Abdomen brown basally, with juxta very wide, occupying most of area scattered dark brown scales, and with some between sides of vinculum, with small, partly white scales on basal segment, becoming membranous areas laterally at posterodorsal white posteriorly. margins of sacculi, posterolateral areas short UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Pattern like and broad, median area broadly triangular, that of male, but with cross lines more subequal in length to lengths of postero- strongly concave between veins and tending lateral areas; aedeagus slender, slightly to be more produced on veins; basal area swollen posteriorly, with a small, sclerotized largely pure white, with variable amounts of swelling, then tapering to a point, in length ground color along costa and extending about four-fifths to nine-tenths of combined posteriorly across base of wing; median area lengths of tegumen and saccus. with nebulous shade line, a small white discal FEMALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those spot encircled by black, and with some white of quernaria; sterigma with large, rectangular scaling often present beyond cell; subterminal lamella postvaginalis; ductus bursae short, area pure white, with variable number of the sclerotized portion less than one-half of scattered brown scales, and with a brown length of lamella postvaginalis, the length patch on costa occupying central one-third of subequal to the width, and with the ventral area between t. p. line and apex of wing; rim very slightly convex; ductus seminalis terminal area white below apex and in cell arising dorsally; corpus bursae ovate, signum M3, overflowing into adjacent cells, and absent. above tornus, with remaining areas brown or EARLY STAGES: Unknown. brownish yellow, extending into outer portion FOOD PLANT: Unknown. of subterminal area in lower part of wing; TYPES: The female type of cladonia is in terminal line absent; fringe brown. Hind the collection of the British Museum (Natural wings brown as far as extradiscal line, History). Druce described charon from two sometimes overlain with white irrorations, specimens, a male and a female, both of with dark median shade line and small discal which are at present in the British Museum spot; area distad of black extradiscal line (Natural History); these are not conspecific, pure white, with variable number of scattered so the male is hereby designated as the brown scales; terminal area with broad white lectotype. The unique type female of exoti- patch in cells M3 and in part of M4, usually caria is U.S.N.M. No. 10456. with white patches of scales at apex and near TYPE LOCALITIES: "Silhet" (cladonia); it anal angle. seems highly unlikely that this locality in UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Similar to northern India is the true type locality of this upper surface but with duller colors. species. Jalapa, Mexico (charon). Mexico LENGTH OF FOREWING: 29 to 35 mm. City, Mexico (exoticaria). MALE GENITALIA: Similar to those of DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from quernaria; sides of uncus tapering; valves Guerrero, the Distrito Federal, and from with costal sclerotization extending about Veracruz, Mexico. On the wing in March, two-fifths of length, cucullus tapering, evenly June, July, and August. rounded, transverse structure on inner face of REMARKS: Eleven specimens and four geni- valve extending almost to sacculus, basal talic dissections were studied. A diagnostic portion diagonal, curving distally, in form of feature of this species is the sexual dimor- low ridge, terminating in a recurved spinose phism in the color of the wings, as the males apex, the right side broader than left, have virtually no white scales on the upper terminating in three spines, left side termi- surface of the wings, while this color is very nating in two or three narrower protuber- prominent in the females. The males can be ances; transtilla with broad anterior margin, recognized by the virtually unicolorous tone from which rectangular bases of paired lateral of the upper surface of the wings and by the structures of anellus arise, their posterior lack of the cross lines on the lower surface of margins smooth, terminating in an elongate, the forewings. The females resemble the posteriorly curving, caudal spine and a females of cristifera, but those of cladonia are 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 115 larger and have more complex antennae, the tered ocher and dark gray scales and with brown scaling is more of a reddish brown black striations; basal area concolorous with, color, and the areas of white scaling on both or faintly lighter than, median area, with a the upper and under surfaces tends to be few white or grayish white scales in cubital more extensive. cell; t. a. line black, arising on costa one-third The male genitalia of this species can be of distance from base, gently angled outward distinguished from those of the preceding into cell, swinging posteriorly to middle of species by the low, transverse ridge on the cubital cell, then angled basally to meet inner inner face of the valves, by the broader margin one-fourth of distance from base; anterior margin of the transtilla, by the wider median area with cell usually suffused with juxta, and by the pointed aedeagus, with its grayish brown scales, in some specimens with small sclerotized swelling. a faint, dark, nebulous, shade line in lower The female genitalia of cladonia are larger portion of wing; discal spot absent; t. p. line than those of the preceding species. The large black, arising on costa about two-thirds of lamella postvaginalis and the smaller ductus distance from base, with minute, outwardly bursae are characteristic of this species. pointing swellings on veins, proceeding straight to a small to moderate-sized tooth Phaeoura kirkwoodi, new species on vein M3, strongly concave below this, Plate 19, figure 11, plate 20, figure 1; approaching to between 1.5 and 3.0 mm. of text 4, 35 t. a. line below cubital vein, swinging outward figures to anal vein, then angled basad to meet inner Eubyja mexicanaria, GROTE, 1883, Trans. margin two-thirds of distance from base; Kansas Acad. Sci., for 1881-1882, vol. 8, p. 51 subterminal area broad, suffused with ochra- (female, not male). ceous scales in lower portion of wing; s. t. This species is similar to exoticaria, but it line represented by scattered white scales in has the cross lines of the forewings closer cell Rr, in some specimens also in cell R4, and together. It occurs in the southwestern with a faint, dark line above tornus; terminal United States. area concolorous with subterminal area, in MALE: Head covered mainly with hair-like some specimens interrupted by lighter- scales; vertex brownish gray, with scattered colored veins, with a large, nebulous, ochra- dark brown scales; front brownish black; ceous spot in cell M3; terminal line absent; palpi extending beyond front and above lower fringe concolorous with wing, often narrowly margin of eyes, pale grayish brown, with interrupted at vein endings. Hind wings scattered brown scales terminally in some concolorous with forewings, having numer- specimens; antennae with from 67 to 73 ous thin, black striations; dark median segments. Thorax above pale brownish gray shade line weakly represented or absent; or grayish brown, with numerous hair-like discal spot absent; extradiscal line black, scales, with scattered pale gray scales in extending completely across wing, with out- tegulae and dull black scales on posterior ward projection on vein M3; outer portion of tuft; below heavily clothed with hair-like wing with dark, nebulous s. t. line extending scales, grayish white, prothorax darker; legs from anal angle to radial cell. grayish white, darker on outer surfaces, the UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings ends of tibia and of tarsal segments white; dark brown, with grayish brown scaling process of fore tibia slightly shorter than below costa; costa with several whitish gray tibia, arising one-fourth of distance from spots, outer one-third of wing with mixed base, extending well beyond end of segment. brown and grayish white striations anteri- Abdomen above grayish brown, with poste- orly, becoming grayish white posteriorly rior portions of segments suffused with with t. a. and t. p. lines of upper surfac brown, and with a narrow, black band at end weakly indicated, and with dark, nebulous of each segment; below whitish gray, with patch in terminal area in cells M1 and M2; scattered brown scales. hind wings concolorous with upper surface of UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings with hind wings, or slightly paler, with extradiscal ground color ochraceous brown, with scat- and nebulous s. t. lines weakly represented. 116 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 LENGTHa OF FOREWING: 20 to 23 mm.; right side and three on left; paired structures holotype, 21 mm. of anellus with spinose posterior margin, an FEMALE: Head, vertex white, mixed with elongate caudal spine and a smaller, curved brown scales in some specimens; front and anterior spine; juxta with posterolateral and palpi like those in males; antennae simple median areas triangular, of about the same basally, becoming dentate or very shortly length; aedeagus about four-fifths of com- bipectinate about three-sevenths of distance bined lengths of tegumen and saccus. from base, and with apex simple. Thorax FEMALE3 GENITALIA: Very similar to those above white anteriorly, with brown scales on of cladonia; sterigma with lamella postvagi- collar, dark brown posteriorly; below brown; nalis widest posteriorly, slightly constricted legs brown or dark brown, narrowly white on medially, with small, rectangular projections ends of tibiae and of tarsal segments. laterally at anterior end; ductus bursae Abdomen brownish gray, with white scaling slightly wider than long; corpus bursae at base and on terminal segments. without signum. UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Pattern like EARLY STAGES Unknown. that in male, with cross lines tending to be FOOD PLANT: Unknown. slightly more dentate on veins and with TYPES: Holotype, male, Pinery Canyon, ground color a deeper brown; basal area Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, largely white or white overlain with golden Arizona, July 8, 1956 (C. W. Kirkwood); yellow, with variable amounts of ground allotype, female, upper camp, Pinery Can- color along costa and extending posteriorly yon, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, across wing; median area often with nebulous Arizona, July 8, 1956 (L. M. Martin, shade line, a small discal spot, and with some J. A. Comstock, W. A. Rees). Paratypes, two white scales often present beyond cell; males and one female, same data as holotype, subterminal area pure white or white over- June 23, 1958 (C. W. Kirkwood), July 7, lain with golden yellow, with scattered brown 11, 1956 (R. H. Reid); two females, same scales, and with brown patch on costa data as allotype, July 5, 7, 1956; one male, occupying slightly more than central one- Big Thompson Canyon, Larimer County, third of area between t. p. line and apex of Colorado, July 9, 1955, elevation 6500 feet wing; terminal area white at apex, and with (R. H. Leuschner); one male, Platte Canyon, scattered white scales in cell M3 and at Colorado, June 30, 1907; one male and one tornus, with remaining areas brown; terminal female, near Hot Springs, Las Vegas, New line absent; fringe brown, becoming white at Mexico, 7000 feet, August, 1882 (F. H. apex and, in some specimens, at vein endings. Snow), the female being the specimen Hind wings brown as far as extradiscal line, described by Grote as the doubtful female of overlain with white irrorations, with faint, mexicanaria. Holotype in the collection of the nebulous median shade line; discal spot American Museum of Natural History, absent; area distad of black extradiscal line allotype in the collection of the Los Angeles pure white, in some specimens weakly tinted County Museum; paratypes in the collections with golden yellow, with variable number of of both institutions, the Museum of Compar- scattered brown scales; terminal area con- ative Zo6logy, Harvard College, the Snow colorous with basal part of wing, some collection of the University of Kansas (on specimens with white patches in cell M3, at indefinite loan to the American Museum of apex and at anal angle. Natural History), of C. W. Kirkwood, and of UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Similar to R. H. Leuschner. upper surface but with duller colors. DISTRIBUTION: Arizona, New Mexico, and LENGTH OF FOREWING: 28 to 29 mm.; Colorado. The specimens examined were allotype, 28 mm. captured in June, July, and August. MALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those of REMARKS: Eleven specimens and two cladonia; valves rather short, their apices not genitalic preparations were examinled. This extending as far as posterior margin of is a rather small species, closely allied to tegumen, cucullus subtriangular, the trans- cladonia. These two species have a number of verse structure terminating in two spines on characters in common, such as the strong 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 117 sexual dimorphism in the coloration of the 26, fig. 1. McDUNNOUGH, 1938, Check list, pt. 1, wings, the more or less unicolorous wings of p. 166. the male, and the complex antennae of the Phaeoura triaria BARNES AND McDUNNOUGH, to the natural history of the present can be sepa- 1917, Contributions females. The species Lepidoptera of North America, vol. 3, p. 247, pl. rated from cladonia by the cross lines on the 26, fig. 3 (holotype male). McDUNNOUGH, 1938, forewings, as they are closer together in Check list, pt. 1, p. 166. New synonymy. kirkwoodi, thus leaving a much larger distal Phaeoura magnificans DYAR, 1923, Insec. Inscit. area of the wing and a narrower median area. Menstr., vol. 11, p. 166. New synonymy. The cross lines are thicker and more promi- nent, are less dentate, and lack the deep A very large, dark gray species, with a sinus of the t. a. line in the cell that is to be large, orange-brown patch above the tornus found in the Mexican species. The second- and with a very deep bend into the cell by aries of the males have a prominent subter- the t. a. line. The sexes of this species, which minal band, a feature that is but weakly is found in the western United States, are not indicated in cladonia. Differences are also dimorphic in color. present on the under surface, as kirkwoodi is MALE: Head covered mainly with hair-like more bicolored and has the cross lines scales; vertex grayish brown or grayish represented. The females of the two species black, with light gray scales at antennal are similar, but the character and location of bases; front blackish brown; palpi extending the cross lines distinguish them. beyond front and above lower margin of The genitalia are very similar to those of eyes, brownish black or concolorous with cladonia. The male can be distinguished by front; antennae with from 66 to 80 segments. the slightly shorter, more pointed valves, and Thorax above grayish brown or dark gray, in by the spinose posterior margins of the lateral some specimens with scattered pale gray anellus structures. The female can be sepa- scales, with numerous hair-like scales, the rated from that of the preceding species by collar and posterior tuft black; below heavily the differently shaped lamella postvaginalis clothed with hair-like scales, light to dark and by the very short ductus bursae. grayish brown, prothorax tending to be This species is named in honor of my slightly darker in some specimens; legs friend, Carl W. Kirkwood, who collected varying from grayish white to grayish black, part of the type series. He has done much the ends of tibia and of tarsal segments very excellent moth collecting in the Southwest in slightly lighter in color; process of fore tibia recent years, which has resulted in a sizable shorter than tibia, arising one-third of advance in our knowledge of this group of distance from base, extending to end of insects from this area. segment. Abdomen above with a mixture of light gray, brown, orange-brown, and black Phaeoura mexicanania (Grote) scales, with posterior portions of segments in some specimens narrowly marked with brown- Plate 20, figures 2, 3; text figures 5, 15, 24, 36 ish black, the tufts and basal segment with Eubyja mexicanarsa GROTE, 1883, Trans. Kan- some grayish white scales; below light to sas Acad. Sci., for 1881-1882, vol. 8, p. 51 (male, dark gray. not female). HULST, 1895, Ent. News, vol. 6, p. 41. UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings Eubyia mexicanaria, J. B. SMITH, 1891, List of elongate, with ground color gray, variably the Lepidoptera of boreal America, p. 73. overlain with orange-brown, grayish white, Phaeoura mexicanaria, HULST, 1896, Trans. and blackish brown scales; basal area suffused Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 359. DYAR, "1902" with orange-brown, with ground color at (1903), Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., no. 52, p. 328. t. a. J. B. SMITH, 1903, Check list of the Lepidoptera of base of wing and along basal side of line; t. a. line black, prominent, arising on costa boreal America, p. 77. HUNTER, 1914, Kansas from Univ. Sci. Bull., vol. 8, p. 29. BARNES AND approximately one-fourth of distance McDUNNOUGE, February, 1917, Check list of the base, going sharply outward into cell, Lepidoptera of boreal America, p. 119; March, extending almost one-half of length of wing, 1917, Contributions to the natural history of the then strongly curved or angled basad in Lepidoptera of North America, vol. 3, p. 246, pl. middle of cell, proceeding to inner margin at VOL. 123 118 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

FIG. 15. Distribution of Phaeoura mexicanaria (Grote). one-fourth of distance from base, with basal prominent, outwardly pointing projection on projection on cubital vein; median area vein M3, with small teeth on veins M1 and contrasting in color, more or less suffused M2, running slightly basad to a less promi- with black scales, in some specimens with nent projection on vein Cul, then broadly orange-brown scalation above round or ovate concave to anal vein, with a small tooth on discal spot, and along cubital and anal veins; vein Cu2 and a larger one on anal vein, thence t. p. line black, prominent, arising on costa sharply basad to meet inner margin about about seven-tenths of distance from base, one-half of distance from base; subterminal proceeding in a slightly concave course to a area with orange-brown suffusion in upper 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 119 and lower portions, usually separated from toothed swelling on outer margin of valve; t. p. line by narrow strip of ground color; anellus with lateral structures connected terminal area of ground color, cell M2 posteriorly by sclerotized area, anteriad of suffused with grayish black scales, this suf- transtilla, in length equal to length of uncus, fusion reaching t. p. line in some specimens, sharply attenuated along the body axis, with and with occasional dark shading along basal portion very long and low, the poste- outer margin in cells M1 and CuL; terminal rior spines curved caudally, finely setose line blackish brown, interrupted by veins; except for apices, the anterior spines directed fringe concolorous with wing. Hind wings anteroventrally; juxta with partly membra- concolorous with forewings, having variable nous areas laterally at bases of sacculi, amounts of black scaling basad of extra- posterolateral areas with small, vertical areas discal line, and with veins tending to be distad of anterior portion of anellus processes, orange-brown; dark median shade line weakly median area extended ventrally, with trun- represented, in some specimens absent; cate posterior margin; saccus broadly U- discal spot oval, whitish gray; extradiscal shaped, slightly concave medially; aedeagus line black, prominent, extending completely slender, anterior end tapering and slightly across wing, with outward projections on curved ventrally, posterior end slightly veins, those on M3, Cul, and anal veins swollen, laterally with a few spicules, termi- being strongest; outer portion of wing with nally pointed, in length about four-fifths of broad dark band in center; terminal line and combined length of tegumen and saccus. fringe as on primaries. FEMALE GENITALIA: Similar to those of UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Wings light quernaria, but about twice as large; sterigma gray or grayish white, with scattered darker with very large lamella postvaginalis, maxi- gray scales, the costal margin of forewing and mum width almost three times as wide as all veins tending to be brown or grayish mouth of ductus bursae, widest posteriorly, brown; pattern of upper surface indicated in flat, tapering anteriorly to narrow neck, with dark gray, with t. a. line and discal spot of several setae on each side, then swollen again forewing rather weakly represented. before meeting ductus bursae; ductus bursae LENGTH OF FOREWING: 23 to 28 mm. lightly sclerotized, the sclerotized portion FEMALE: Head like that of male; antennae about twice as long as wide, gently tapering, simple basally, becoming shortly bipectinate the ventral lip truncate, with several indenta- about one-third of distance from base and tions; corpus bursae ovate, without signum. extending almost to apex. Thorax and EARLY STAGES: Unknown. abdomen like those of male. FOOD PLANT: Unknown. UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Like that of TYPES: Lectotype, male, of mexicadnaria, male. from the Snow collection at the University UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Like that of of Kansas, Lawrence, now on indefinite loan male. to the American Museum of Natural History; LENGTH OF FOREWING: 27 to 30 mm. designated by Barnes and McDunnough MALE GENITALIA: Similar to those of (1917b). The unique female type of magnifi- quernaria, but almost twice as large; uncus cans (U.S.N.M. No. 25816) is in the United wide, the posteroventral portion slightly States National Museum collection, as is the keeled; valves slightly shorter than, or as unique male type of triaria. long as, posterior margin of tegumen, costal TYPE LOCALITIES: New Mexico, according sclerotization rather short, then cucullus to the original description (mexicanaria). outwardly oblique to outer margin, trans- Barnes and McDunnough (1917b) state that verse structure on inner face of valve with the type locality is Gallinas Canyon, Las curved posterior margin, extending about Vegas, New Mexico, while the type is two-thirds of distance to sacculus, terminat- labeled "near Hot Springs, Las Vegas, ing in an elongate, sclerotized spinose or N. M., 7000 ft., Aug. '82, F. H. Snow." tooth-like projection, the inner margin of the Hunter (1914, p. 15), in summarizing the structure variously dentate, sacculus bluntly scientific expeditions of the entomological pointed at base, terminating in a variably museum of the University of Kansas, states 120 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 that the 1883 expedition was in Gallinas secondaries contrasting with the darker outer Canyon, while iIn 1882 the locality was area. Las Vegas Hot Springs. The latter is assumed MALE: Head covered mainly with hair-like to be the correct locality. scales; vertex pale gray; front blackish For magnificans, Moscow, Latah County, brown; palpi extending beyond front and Idaho. For triaria, Redington, Pima County, above lower margin of eyes, slightly paler Arizona. than front; antennae with about 88 segments. DISTRIBUTION: Western Unites States. Thorax above dark brownish violet, with (See fig. 15.) On the wing in June, July, and mostly hair-like scales, the collar black, with August. a narrow posterior margin of grayish white, REMARKS: One hundred and seventy-four posterior tuft slightly darker than remainder specimens and eight genitalic dissections were of thorax, narrowly yellow-brown basally; studied. Barnes and McDunnough (1917b) below densely covered with hair-like scales, were correct in their assumption that the paler brownish violet, prothorax darker; legs female mentioned in the original description grayish brown, the ends of tibia and of tarsal is not conspecific, as it belongs to the preced- segments very slightly lighter in color; ing species. The correctly associated female process of fore tibia shorter than tibia, arising was described as magnificans by Dyar. about one-third of distance from base, The type of triaria is a very large speci- extending a short distance beyond end of men, somewhat worn, and without abdomen. segment. Abdomen above with a mixture of The course of the t. a. line, as far as can be dark gray, grayish brown, and brownish determined, takes a very deep bend into the violet with cell. scales, posterior portions of This character, plus the large size, segments in some specimens narrowly marked indicates that this name should be placed as with gray, and with basal a segment having synonym of mexica-naria. However, the grayish white scales; below gray. coloration is not that of a typical specimen of UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: this species. Possibly this is Forewings an aberrant elongate, with ground color gray, heavily specimen and, until additional material overlain with brown, brownish violet, and comes to hand, should be so considered. scattered black The genitalia of this scales; basal area suffused species are about twice with dark scales in upper portion and with the size of those of the preceding species. In dark brown the male, scales between radial and cubital the nature of the paired structures veins; t. a. line blackish of the anellus is greatly changed from that in gray, fairly promi- the nent, arising on costa approximately one- previous species, too, as in mexicanara fourth of distance from base, going sharply these structures are very long and low. outward into cell about There is a considerable amount of individual two-fifths of length of variation in wing, strongly bent basad in middle of cell, the shape of the sclerotized thickened on cubital structures on the inner face of the valves; no vein, angled outward to fold, then running straight to inner margin at two dissections show the same shape and one-fifth of configuration of this structure. distance from base; median area contrasting in color, more or less suffused The female genitalia can be distinguished with brown and from those of the preceding species by the brownish violet scales; median shade line present, more prominent in very large lamella postvaginalis, being about lower portion of three times wider than the ductus bursae. wing, wide, black or blackish The latter structure is less heavily sclerotized, gray, broadly concave, in anterior portion of and it is longer and thinner than in the pre- wing largely replaced by large, narrowly ceding species. D-shaped discal spot; t. p. line black, tending to be grayish black in cells in lower portion of Phaeoura ianta new species wing, arising on costa two-thirds of distance Plate 20, figure 4; text figure 6 from base, proceeding as in mexicanaria, meeting inner margin with median A brownish violet species from northern black shade in a Mexico, slightly spot; subterminal area with brown smaller than the preceding scaling in and species and with the pale basal area of the upper lower portions, appar- ently separated from t. p. line by band of 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 121 ground color; terminal area broad, heavily REMARKS: One specimen and one gen'italic suffused with dark brownish violet scales; dissection were studied. Unfortunately the terminal line dark, interrupted by veins; unique type is somewhat rubbed and worn, fringe concolorous with wing. Hind wings and it may be necessary to give additional concolorous with forewings, only very lightly descriptive notes on this species when more marked with dark scales basad of extradiscal material becomes available. line, veins dark brown; median shade line This species is related to mexicanaria. It rather weak, broad, somewhat nebulous; can be separated from that moth by its discal spot oval, with white center; extra- slightly smaller size and by its brownish discal line black, prominent, as in mexica- violet coloration, lacking the areas of orange- naria; outer portion of wing heavily suffused brown suffusion that are to be found in basally with dark brown scales and distally Grote's species. In addition, ianthina has by brownish violet scales, with band of more segments in its antennae, has a light ground color outside extradiscal line, the gray vertex contrasting with a blackish front, s. t. line indicated by change in color of and has a broader terminal area of the scaling plus a few light gray scales; terminal primaries, than does mexicanaria. The basal line weakly indicated; fringe as on forewings. area of the secondaries of the present species UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Wings light is sharply contrasting in color with the area gray, with scattered dark gray scales, the distad of the extradiscal line, a condition not costal margin of forewing and all veins present in related species. tending to be yellowish brown; pattern of The male genitalia can be distinguished upper surface indicated in dark gray. from those of mexicanaria by the fact that LENGTH OF FOREWING: Holotype, 24 mm. the paired structures of the anellus are one FEMALE: Unknown. and one-half times as long as the uncus, by MALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those of the truncate bases of the sacculi, and by the mexicanaria; valves with triangular cucullus, deep lateral 'invaginations of the juxta. transverse structure on inner face of valves Phaeoura spadix, new species extending about three-fifths of distance to sacculus, terminating in slender, curved Plate 20, figures 5, 6; text figures 7, 37 apices, the right apex with two short teeth A species similar to ianthina, but with the and one long central tooth, the left apex with upper surface of the wings predominantly one outer, short tooth and a long apical tooth, brownish orange. It also occurs in Mexico. sacculus with truncate base; anellus with MALE: Head like that of ianthina; vertex paired structures not connected posteriorly brownish orange; front dark brown; palpi by sclerotized area, in length one and one- extending beyond front and above lower half times as long as length of uncus; juxta margin of eyes, slightly paler than front; with well-defined, deeply invaginated, mem- antennae with from 75 to 88 segments. branous areas near posterodorsal margins of Thorax above brownish orange, with a few sacculus, posterolateral areas elongate, outer light gray scales; below densely covered with margins curved vertically, median area hair-like scales, brownish gray, prothorax rectangular in outline; saccus broadly U- slightly darker; legs grayish brown basally, shaped, broadly concave medially; aedeagus tibiae and tarsi brown, with ends of the with spicules inconspicuous. segments paler. FEMALE GENITALIA: Unknown. UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings with EARLY STAGES: Unknown. ground color brownish orange, with scattered FOOD PLANT: Unknown. gray, brown, and brownish black scales, and TYPE: Holotype, male, La Polvosa (lati- with cross lines like those of ianthina; basal tude 1080 39' W., longitude 280 09' N.), Chi- area with gray scales along inner margin of huahua, Mexico, August 16, 1958 (L. R. t. a. line, and with a few scattered dark scales; Commissaris); in the collection of the Ameri- t. a. and t. p. lines dull black, complete, can Museum of Natural History. arising from costal spots, t. p. line evenly DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type concave in lower part of wing; median area locality in western Chihuahua. concolorous with basal and terminal areas; 122 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 median shade line broad, dark brown, EARLY STAGES: Unknown. broadly convex in cell, passing around or FOOD PLANT: Unknown. including large, elongate, discal spot, becom- TYPES: Holotype, male, presumably from ing concave in lower portion of wing and Acapulco, Mexico; the locality label has been terminating on or near t. p. line below anal cut, so that the first two letters are com- vein; subterminal area of ground color, pletely missing, as well as the upper half of unicolorous, with a few scattered dark the letters, and part of the last letter of the scales; terminal area slightly darkened in locality. Allotype, female, Guatemala City, upper portion of wing distad of faint, pale, Guatemala (Rodriguez). Paratype, male, incomplete s. t. line; terminal line weakly Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, September, represented in upper portion of wing, inter- 1904 (Gadow). Holotype in the collection of rupted by veins; fringe concolorous with the Unites States National Museum; allotype wing. Hind wings concolorous with forewings, and paratype in the collection of the British pale gray along costal margin and basally, Museum (Natural History). becoming overlain with brownish orange DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from scales; maculation like that of ianthlina; Guerrero and Morelos, Mexico, south to the outer portion of wing evenly colored, without capital of Guatemala. The only date of indications of s. t. line; terminal line weakly capture is September. indicated; fringe concolorous with wing. REMARKS: Three specimens and three UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Wings light genitalic dissections were studied. This gray, with scattered brown and grayish species is allied to the preceding one but can brown scales reflecting cross lines and discal be separated from ianthina by its brownish spots from upper surface; base of cell of orange coloration. The male genitalia are primary with elongate, hair-like scales, distinguished by upcurved apices as com- grayish brown in color. pared with the slightly smaller male genitalia LENGTH OF FOREWING: 24 to 26 mm. of ianthina, while the female genitalia can be (holotype). separated from those of mexicanaria by the FEMALE: Like male. rounded lamella postvaginalis. LENGTH OF FOREWING: 26 mm. (allotype). MALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those of Phaeoura belua, new species Plate 20, figures 7, 8; text figures 8, 16, 38 ianthina; valves with transverse structure on inner face extending about four-sevenths of A large, dark brownish gray species from distance to sacculus, both sides terminating Arizona and California, with an indentation in a large, recurved spine, the inner margin on of the t. a. line into the cell that is shorter right side with three teeth, the left side with than the same line in the preceding species. two, sacculus with truncate base; anellus with MALE: Head with both normal and hair- paired structures connected medially by like scales; vertex with short, grayish white sclerotized bar, the posterior arms with scales and longer, brownish gray, hair-like setose surface, the anterior arms with ends scales, with white or light gray scales at curving ventrally; juxta with well-defined, antennal bases; front black or blackish gray; deeply invaginated areas near posterodorsal palpi extending beyond front and above margins of sacculus, posterolateral areas lower margin of eye; antennae with from elongate, widened apically, median area 69 to 75 segments. Thorax above grayish elongate; saccus broadly U-shaped; aedeagus brown, with scattered gray scales and with with or without minute spicules. numerous brown, hair-like scales, the collar FEMALE GENITALIA: Similar to those of and posterior tuft dull black; below heavily mexicanaria; sterigma with very large lamella clothed with hair-like scales, gray to grayish postvaginalis, rounded, with width about brown, prothorax tending to be slightly equal to length, having a raised median darker; legs varying from grayish white to anterior section; ductus bursae well sclero- grayish brown, the ends of tibia and tarsal tized, tapering, slightly longer than wide, the segments lighter in color; process of fore tibia ventral lip slightly convex; corpus bursae shorter than tibia, arising one-third of ovate, without signum. distance from base, extending a short 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 123 distance beyond end of segment. Abdomen veins; fringe concolorous with wing. Hind above with a mixture of gray, brown, and wings concolorous with forewings, with veins black scales, with posterior portions of tending to be narrowly reddish brown; dark segments in some specimens narrowly marked median shade line weakly represented, in with black, basal segment with some grayish some specimens absent; discal spot oval, white scales; below light to dark gray. black, with a grayish white center; extra- UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings discal line black, prominent, extending com- somewhat short and broad, with ground pletely across wing, with very small, out- color gray, more or less heavily overlain with wardly projecting teeth or a thickening of the dark reddish brown, dark gray, and black line on veins, the line running straight or scales, and with the median, cubital, and anal slightly concave from costa to an outward veins narrowly marked with reddish brown; projection on vein M3, then concave to anal basal area variably suffused with dark margin; outer portion of wing with a light reddish brown in upper portion, and with gray subterminal line, shaded basally by a black scales on veins at base of cell; t. a. line broad band of dark scales; terminal line and black, prominent, arising on costa approxi- fringe as on primaries. mately one-fourth of distance from base, UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Wings light curving outward into cell, extending less than gray or grayish white, with scattered darker three-eighths of length of wing, then broadly gray scales, the costal margin of forewing and curved basad to cubital vein, slightly convex all veins tending to be slightly ochreous; below this, meeting inner margin about pattern of upper side indicated in dark gray. one-fifth of distance from base; median area LENGTH OF FOREWING: 21 to 27 mm.; contrasting in color, more or less suffused holotype, 24 mm. with dark gray and black scales, and with FEMALE: Head like that of male; antennae some reddish brown scales present in lower simple basally, becoming shortly bipectinate portion of wing in some specimens; median about one-fourth of distance from base and shade line black, usually indicated, at least in with terminal one-fourth simple. Thorax and lower part of wing, rather nebulous, angled abdomen like those of male, or tending to outward from costa to black, ovate, discal have slightly less light gray scaling. spot, the latter with gray or brown scales in UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Like that of middle, the median shade line then running in male, but tending to be more heavily and a generally concave arc to inner margin; more coarsely suffused with dark scales. t. p. line black, prominent, arising on costa UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Like that of about three-fourths of distance from base, male, but tending to be slightly more proceeding in a straight or slightly concave suffused with dark scales. course to a prominent, outwardly pointing LENGTH OF FOREWING: 26 to 30 mm.; projection on vein M3, the line thickened on allotype, 26 mm. veins M1 and M2 in some specimens, running MALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those of slightly basad to a less prominent projection mexicanaria; uncus rather short and thick, anal with tapering sides; valves with transverse on vein Cul, then broadly concave to of angle, with a slight tooth or thickening of the structure extending about three-fifths line on vein Cu2, forming an angle of approxi- distance to cucullus, the width equal to about mately 90 degrees on anal vein, thence to two-thirds of length of the structure, sacculus inner margin about two-thirds of distance wide at base, tapering distally, produced as a from base; subterminal area mostly dark small, variably spinose, truncate protuber. reddish brown, interrupted in cell Ms and ance on outer margin of valve; anellus with of paired structures connected medially by separated from t. p. line by a band ground ventrad to color; terminal area of ground color, cells well-sclerotized area situated M1 and M2 suffused with dark gray and black transtilla, the paired structures about one and one-quarter times as long as uncus, the scales, this suffusion reaching t. p. line in rela- some specimens, and with lower portion also finely setose, slender, posterior spines tending to be suffused with dark scales; tively short and tending to converge apically, terminal line blackish brown, interrupted by the slightly heavier caudal spines elongate; 124 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VTOL. 123 juxta very broad, curved dorsally opposite Los Angeles County Museum, and of C. W. posterodorsal margins of sacculi, posterior Kirkwood. margin with three subequal protuberances; DISTRIBUTION: The mountains of central aedeagus slender, in length about two-thirds and southeastern Arizona, and the San of combined length of tegumen and saccus, Jacinto Mountains of southern California. tubular, posterior end with small, median, (See fig. 16.) On the wing in May, June, rounded protuberance, and with some small, July, and August. inconspicuous spicules near apex. REMARKS: Seventy-nine specimens and FEMALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those five genitalic dissections were studied. This of mexicanaria; sterigma with very large species is similar to mexicanaria, but it is lamella postvaginalis, maximum width about smaller, as the average length of the primaries two and one-half times as wide as mouth of in belua males is about 3.5 mm. less than that ductus bursae, constricted medially; ductus of the Arizona bursae well population of mexicanaria. sclerotized, the sclerotized por- The shape of the forewings is different, as tion as long as wide, ventral rim convex, has smoothly mexicanaria more elongate wings. In rounded; corpus bursae somewhat pattern, belua tends to have a more promi- pear-shaped, with a round, dorsal signum. nent median shade line on the upper surface EARLY STAGES: Unknown. of the FOOD forewings, a much shorter indentation PLANT: Unknown. in the t. a. line the cell, and the t. TYPES: Holotype, male, Southwestern in p. line Research and extradiscal line straighter and less Station of the American Museum dentate, than in mexicanaria. In color of Natural History, 5 miles west of Portal, tends to belua Cochise County, be somewhat duller and less con- Arizona, elevation 5400 trasting, as the brown suffusion tends to be feet, May 5, 1956 (M. Statham); allotype, on the 6 darker red side as compared with the female, miles east of Prescott, Yavapai more tint of County, Arizona, May 28, 1949 orange mexicanaria. (Crickmer). Not much can be said about the females of Paratypes, six males and one female, same this data as holotype, June 22, species, as only three specimens have 1957 (M. Stat- been examined of this sex. ham), July 16, 1955 (W. J. Gertsch), July 14, 1958 (M. A. In the male genitalia, the short, thickset Cazier), August 14, 1957 uncus and the (C. W. Kirkwood), May 16-31, 1960 (C. W. sclerotized, connecting bar of the paired structures of the anellus are Kirkwood); 19 males, Sunnyside, west side of diagnostic. Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, Ari- zona, July In the single female genitalia dissected and 7-17, 1958 (T. W. Davies, L. M. the Martin); two males, upper camp, Pinery studied, presence of a definite signum is a Canyon, Chinrcahua most interesting feature. This character is Mountains, Cochise rather variable in this County, Arizona, July 3-9, 1956 (L. M. genus, and it will be Martin, J. A. Comstock, W. A. Rees); 24 interesting to see if it is present when more males and one female, Christopher Creek, dissections are made. In general the female Mogollon Rim, Gila genitalia are very similar to those of mexica- County, Arizona, eleva- naria. In belua tion 5800 feet, June 16-22, 1957 (L. M. the ductus bursae is more Martin, R. J. Ford, W. A. Rees); 10 males, heavily sclerotized, is shorter, and has a Tonto Creek State Fish Hatchery, Mogollon smoothly rounded, convex ventral lip. Rim, Gila County, Arizona, elevation 6400 Phaeoura perfidaria Barnes and feet, June 21, 1957 M. McDunnough (L. Martin, R. J. Ford, Plate 21, figures text W. A. Rees); three males, Kohl's Ranch, 1, 2; figures 9, 16, 39 Mogollon Rim, Gila County, Arizona, eleva- Phaeoura Perfidaria BARNES AND McDuN- tion NOUGH, 1917, Contributions to the 5400 feet, June 23, 1957 (L. M. Martin, of the natural history R. J. Ford, W. A. Lepidoptera of North America, vol. p. Rees). Holotype and allo- 247, pl. 26, 5 3, type in the collection of the American figs. 4, (holotype male, paratype fe- male). McDUNNOUGH:, 1938, Check list, pt. 1, Museum of Natural History; paratypes in 166. p. the collections of that institution, of the A species fromn the Southwestern United 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 125

FIG. 16. Distribution of Phaeoura belua, new species, and P. perfidaria Barnes and McDunnough.

States that is smaller and paler gray than the scales; basal area somewhat suffused with preceding species. The males have a darker dark gray or brown in lower portion, with and more contrasting median area, while the black scales on veins and in fold of most females are suffused with dark brown and specimens; t. a. line black, prominent, with orange-brown scales above. outward curve in cell extending to about MALE: Head like that of belua; palpi one-third of length of wing and tending to be extending up to middle of eye; antennae with angled in fold; median area contrasting in from 68 to 75 segments. Thorax above gray, color, more or less suffused with dark gray, with scattered gray-brown scales and hair- brown, and black scales, these tending to be like scales, the collar and posterior tuft slightly heavier in lower part of wing in some grayish black; below, and legs, as in belua; specimens; median shade line usually indi- process of fore tibia shorter than tibia, arising cated, often appearing in lower part of wing just basad of middle of segment, extending and as an elongate spot on costa; discal spot beyond end of segment. Abdomen above oval, black, with light gray scales in center; gray, with numerous grayish brown and t. p. line black, prominent, concave to promi- grayish black scales, with posterior portions nent projection on vein M3, deeply concave of segments in some specimens narrowly between projections on Cul and anal vein, marked with black, basal segment with forming an angle of approximately 90 light gray scales; below pale gray. degrees or less on anal vein, thence to inner UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings margin just beyond one-half of distance rather short and broad, with maculation like from base; subterminal area pale gray next to that of belua; ground color pale gray, over- t. p. line in upper and lower portions of wing, lain with dark gray, dark brown, and black suffused with dark brown and dark gray 126 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 scales at costa and above inner margin; duced dorsally, without setae on constricted s. t. line light gray, incompletely represented area; ductus bursae slightly wider than in a few specimens, often absent; terminal constricted area of lamella postvaginalis, the area suffused with dark gray and scattered sclerotized area shorter than wide, ventral black scales, these tending to be concentrated rim slightly convex, smoothly rounded; in cells M1 and M2; terminal line grayish corpus bursae rounded, with small, weak black, interrupted by veins; fringe concolor- signum. ous with wing. Hind wings concolorous with EARLY STAGES: Unknown. forewings; maculation like that of belua; FOOD PLANT: Unknown. extradiscal line with small outward tooth on TYPES: This species was described from vein Ri, concave to vein M3, a smaller, out- six male and six female types from material in ward projection on vein Cul, thence concave the Barnes collection. One specimen was to anal margin. labeled by Barnes and McDunnough as UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Like that of "type ci," another as "type 9 ," and the belua. remainder as paratypes. The specimen labeled LENGTH OF FOREWING: 21 to 24 mm. as the type male is hereby designated as the FEMALE: Head like that of male but lectotype, and it is the specimen figured on darker; antennae with basal five or six plate 26, figure 4, accompanying the original segments simple, becoming shortly bipecti- description. The female on the same plate, nate, with pectinations extending almost to figure 5, bears a paratype label, and is not the apex. Thorax and abdomen dark brown type female as captioned. The lectotype, above, with scattered gray scales; below, type female, and four paratypes of each sex pale gray. are in the collection of the Unites States UPPER SURFACE OF WNINGS: Similar to that National Museum. of male, but more heavily overlain with dark TYPE LOCALITY: Glenwood Springs, Gar- brown and orange-brown scales, usually more field County, Colorado. or less obscuring the ground color in most DISTRIBUTION: Colorado, Utah, Arizona, specimens, although the gray tends to show and southeastern California. (See fig. 16.) On along inner edge of t. a. line and in the two the wing in April, May, June, July, and concave areas of t. p. line of forewings; hind August. wings with some gray scaling in basal portion REMARKS: Fifty-six specimens and 12 of wing and along outer edge of extradiscal genitalic dissections were studied. This line. species is closely allied to belua. The two UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Similar to that might be considered as subspecies of a single of male, but more heavily suffused with species except for certain consistent differ- grayish brown scaling. ences, one of the most noticeable being the LENGTH OF FOREWING: 25 to 27 mm. structure of the female antennae. Approxi- MALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those of mately the middle one-half of the antennae is belua; valves with cucullus rounded; anellus bipectinate in belua, while in perfidaria there with paired structures having posterior are only five or six simple segments at both members rather coarsely setose, except for the base and apex. This type of difference is naked apices, which are slightly C-shaped, known to be of the caudal spines specific value in other species slender, elongate, curving of this genus, so it is assumed to be of equal dorsally at apex, thus each structure being importance here. slightly S-shaped; juxta with slight dorsal Other differences that will help to distin- curvature opposite posterodorsal margins of guish perfidaria from belua are to be found in sacculi, posterolateral areas with small verti- the smaller cal area slightly size and paler gray distally, the median area lobate. coloration of the present species, as the males FEMALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those have relatively little brown and black suffu- of belua; sterigma with very large lamella sion on postvaginalis, the wings; the result is a cleaner, maximum width about twice more clearly defined type of maculation. The that of mouth of ductus bursae, sharply t. a. line of constricted medially, perfidaria has a slightly shorter the lateral edges pro- dip in the cell, and it tends to be angled in the 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 127 fold; the t. p. line of this species tends to females are suffused with brown and orange- meet the inner margin nearer the center of the brown scales above. wing, and to form an angle of 90 degrees or MALE: Head like that of perfidaria; palpi less on the anal vein. The females tend to be extending to just above middle of eye; more dimorphic in coloration in perfidaria antennae with from 67 to 77 segments. than in belua. In the present species they are Thorax above grayish white, with collar, quite heavily suffused with dark brown and narrow transverse stripe in patagia, and orange-brown scales, and the ground color is posterior tuft grayish brown or grayish usually obscured by these scales. In belua, on black; below, and legs, like those of perfi- the other hand, there is some heavier daria. Abdomen above grayish white, with suffusion in the females, but it is not of the scattered grayish brown and grayish black magnitude found in this species. scales, with posterior portions of segments in The male genitalia are very similar to some specimens narrowly marked with dark, those of the preceding species. Differences basal segment with white scales; below pale are to be found in the shape of the lateral gray. structures of the anellus, as they are slightly UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings S-shaped in perfidaria, compared with the somewhat short and broad, with maculation flat, straight structures in belua. Small like that in perfidaria; ground color white, differences are also found in the juxta, as overlain with dark gray, brown, and a few outlined in the description. blackish brown scales; basal area somewhat The female genitalia are also very much suffused with dark scaling in lower portion, like those of belua. In perfidaria, the lamella with dark gray and blackish brown scales on postvaginalis is slightly smaller than in the veins and in fold; t. a. line black, prominent, preceding species, and the median constric- with outward curve in cell extending to tion is nearer the middle and has steeper about one-third of length of winlg, and tend- sides, without any setae. The ductus bursae ing to be angled in fold; median area contrast- is shorter than in belua. ing in color, lightly suffused with dark gray From the mountain areas of eastern and blackish brown scales, these tending to San Bernardino County, California, four be slightly heavier in lower part of wing; specimens have been examined. They are median shade line weakly indicated in lower very similar in maculation and color to part of wing; discal spot oval, black, with typical examples of perfidaria, although they white scales in center; t. p. line black, are a bit smaller and tend to be slightly less prominent, concave to prominent projection marked with dark scales, producing a more on vein M3, concave to an almost equally even color on the forewings. The single prominent tooth on vein Cul, then deeply female ("Colorado desert," ex collection concave to another strong outward projection Henry Edwards) is rather worn and does not on anal vein, forming an angle of approxi- appear to be so heavily suffused with mately 90 degrees and proceeding to inner reddish brown scales as is that of typical margin just beyond one-half of distance from perfidaria; the antennae are apparently the base; subterminal area of ground color next same in the two. Until additional material is to t. p. line, suffused with pale brownish gray captured, these few specimens are tentatively scales below costa and above inner margin; placed under this name. s. t. line light gray, incompletely represented; Phaeoura utahensis Cassino and Swett terminal area suffused with dark gray and with scattered blackish brown scales, the Plate 21, figure 3; text figures 11, 17 latter tending to be slightly more concen- Plzaeura (sic!) utahensis CASSINO AND SWETT, trated in cells M1 and M2; terminal line dull 1923, Lepidopterist, vol. 4, p. 14. blackish gray, broadly interrupted by veins; Phaeoura utahensis, McDUNNOUGH, 1938, Check fringe concolorous with wings, faintly check- list, Pt. 1, p. 166. ered with pale scales at vein endings. Hind A pale gray species from the southwestern wings concolorous with forewings, with basal United States, lacking the dark overlay of area only slightly suffused with darker scales found in other species, while the scaling; maculation like that of perfidaria; 128 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 median shade line usually absent, and discal wings are paler than in any other known spot rather weakly represented in most species in the genus, and they have neither so specimens. heavy nor so dark an overlying suffusion. UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Like that of The male genitalia are very similar to perfidaria. those of perfidaria. Differences can be found LENGTH OF FOREWING: 22 to 24 mm. in the nature and shape of the paired struc- FEMALE: Head like that of male but tures of the anellus and the juxta. In the slightly darker; antennae with basal 10 to 12 former, the posterior pair of spines are very segments simple, becoming shortly bipecti- sparsely setose, with the setae on the ventral nate, with pectinations extending almost to ridges of the structure in utahensis. The apex. Thorax and abdomen dark brown or posterolateral lobes on the posterior margin brownish black above, the former with of the juxta are more clearly defined and more numerous gray scales. rectangular in this species than in perfidaria. UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Similar to that of male, but more heavily overlain with Phaeou.ra aetha, new species dark brown and orange-brown scales, usually Plate 21, figures 4, 5; text figures 10, 17, 40 more or less obscuring the ground color in A contrastingly colored species from the most specimens, although the gray tends to western portion of the Great Basin. The show aIong inner edge of t. a. line and in the males have a blackish median area and an two concave areas of t. p. line of forewings; orange-brown subterminal area, while the hind wings with basal portion of wing and females are suffused with orange-brown scales outer edge of extradiscal line gray, with above. sparse, brownish black irrorations. MALE: Head like that of perfidaria; UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Similar to antennae with from 71 to 79 segments. that of male, but more heavily suffused with Thorax above light gray, with scattered grayish brown scaling. brown and black scales and LENGTH OF grayish hair-like FOREWING: 27 mm. scales, in some specimens completely brown- MALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those of ish black, the collar dark brown anteriorly, perfidria; valves with costal sclerotization becoming black posteriorly, posterior tuft tapering terminally, cucullus rounded; anel- blackish brown, light brown anteriorly and lus with posterior of paired structures very often grayish brown posteriorly; below, and sparsely setose, the setae situated mainly on legs, like those in perfidaria; process of fore ventral ridge of structure, the anterior spines tibia shorter than about evenly curving ventrally; juxta with postero- tibia, arising one-third of distance from base, extend'ing a lateral areas well defined, directed slightly short distance end of outward, slightly shorter than beyond segment. rounded Abdomen above with mixture of light gray, median lobe. blackish brown, and light orange-brown FEMALE GENITALIA: Not examined. the last EARLY STAGES: Unknown. scales, being concentrated on anterior FOOD part of abdomen, with posterior portions of PLANT: Unknown. segments narrowly marked with black, basal TYPES: Holotype, male, and allotype, with female, in the Museum of Comparative segment grayish white scales; below Zo0logy, Harvard College (M.C.Z. No. grayish white, with scattered grayish black 16560). scales. UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings DISTRIBUTION: Utah. There are single rather short specimens from the Cassino and broad, with maculation like collection, labeled that of perfidaria; ground color white or Paradise, Arizona, July, and Glenwood grayish white, overlain with grayish brown, Springs, Colorado, June 24-30; these records and should be verified. (See fig. 17.) On the wing black, orange-brown scales; basal area in June and suffused with dark scales basally, leaving a July. more or less clear band of REMARKS: Seven specimens and two geni- ground color next talic to t. a. line; t. a. line black, prominent, with dissections were studied. This species is outward curve in cell closely related to perfidaria. In utahensis, the extending slightly less than three-eighths of length of wing, convex 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 129 in fold; median area contrasting in color, hind wings with orange-brown scaling along more or less heavily suffused with dark scales, cubital vein and basad of faint subterminal with dark brown or dark orange scales line. concentrated along costa and anal vein; UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Similar to that median shade line present, weakly repre- of male. sented in upper portion of wing, in form of LENGTE OF FOREWING: 25 to 27 mm.; gentle curve below discal spot; discal spot allotype, 26 mm. oval or in some specimens somewhat rounded, MALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those of black, with white or grayish white scales in perfidaria; anellus with posterior of paired center; t. p. line black, prominent, slightly structures slender, finely setose, the anterior concave to prominent projection on vein M3, pair with ventral side slightly concave; juxta inwardly oblique to vein Cul, then deeply with posterolateral areas well defined, directed concave to anal vein, thence sharply inward posteriorly, the median lobe rounded, with a to meet inner margin just beyond one-half of small terminal indentation in some speci- distance from base; subterminal area of mens. ground color next to t. p. line in upper and FEMALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those lower portions of wing, in some specimens of perfidaria; sterigma with large lamella overlain with dark gray scales, and broadly postvaginalis, slightly asymmetrical, median suffused with light orange-brown 'in upper constriction extending farther posteriorly on and lower portions of wing; s. t. line light right side, lateral edges slightly produced gray, narrow, in some specimens partially dorsally, right side deeper than left; ductus absent; terminal area suffused with dark bursae slightly wider than constricted area of grayish brown and black scales, becoming lamella postvaginalis, length of sclerotized darker in some specimens in cells M1 and area subequal to width, ventral rim slightly M2; terminal line black, broadly interrupted con-vex; corpus bursae apparently without by veins; fringe checkered, grayish black, signum. whitish opposite vein endings. Hind wings EARLY STAGES: Unknown. concolorous with forewings; maculation like FOOD PLANT: Unknown. that of perfidaria; extradiscal line running TYPES: Holotype, male, Smoky Valley, straight to small tooth on vein M3, then Tulare County, California, June 23, 1947 slightly concave to anal margin. (Charles Ingham); allotype, female, same UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Like that of data, June 17, 1945, elevation 6300 feet perfidaria, but with slightly darker terminal (C. Henne). Paratypes, 60 males and one line and fringe, both tending to be inter- female, same data as types, May 28, 1943, rupted by veins. and various dates in June, 1943 to 1954 LENGTH OF FOREWING: 21 to 25 mm.; inclusive; four males and one female, Cole- holotype, 23 mm. ville, Mono County, California, July 2-9, FEMALE: Head like that of male; antennae 1948 (R. Coleman), July 23, 1952; one male, with basal 10 or 15 segments simple, becom- Barton Flats, San Bernardino County, Cali- ing very shortly bipectinate, with pectina- fornia, June 28, 1946 (G. H. and J. L. tions terminating about 10 or 15 segments Sperry); one male, Doble, near Baldwin before apex. Thorax above with mixed light Lake, San Bernardino County, elevation gray, blackish gray, and orange-brown scales, 7400 feet, April 28, 1959 (C. Henne); one the patagia with a narrow, transverse band of male, Split Rock Tank, Riverside County, blackish gray; below like male. Abdomen California, May 21, 1938 (G. H. and J. L. broadly suffused above with orange-brown, Sperry); four males, Ichthyosaur State Park, with posterior portions of segments narrowly Nye County, Nevada, June 21-24, 1960 marked with black. (R. L. Westcott). Holotype in the collection UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Similar to that of the American Museum of Natural History; of male, but more heavily overlain with allotype in the Los Angeles County Museum; orange-brown scales, particularly in basal and paratypes in these two institutions, in the median areas of forewings; fringe dull black, collection of J. H. Baker, and in that of the interrupted with ground color opposite veins; author. 130 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 DISTRIBUTION: Nevada and California, to those of perfidaria. Once again a careful extending down the eastern side of the study of the lateral structures of the anellus Sierra Nevada Mountains and south into the of the male show certain differences. In San Bernardino Mountains and adjacent aetha, the posterior pair of spines are thinner desert areas to the east. (See fig. 17.) On the and less heavily setose, and the ventral wing in late April, May, June, and July. margin of the anterior pair is concave, REMARKS: Seventy-two specimens and rather than strongly curved ventrally as in seven genitalic dissections were studied. perfidaria. In the female the slightly asym- This species is similar to perfidaria but can be metrical lamella postvaginalis is unique in the distinguished by the whiter ground color and genus. There are some differences between the more contrasting nature of the coloration the two female dissections in the extent of of the upper surface. One of the most the asymmetrical nature of the lamella prominent diagnostic features of the coloring postvaginalis. In the one paratopotype is the two broad patches of orange-brown studied the asymmetrical nature is quite scaling outside the t. p. line on the primaries. evident, and the median constriction extends This same coloring, somewhat darkened, is farther posteriorly on the right side than on also present in the median area of the the left; in a paratype from Coleville, the forewings, along the costa, and in the lower right side is scarcely longer than the left, but portion of the wing. The females can be the dorsal extension of the lateral edge is separated from those of perfidaria by the more prominent on this side. In both cases antennal pectinations, as those of aetha are the lateral extensions of the dorsum of the much shorter in length and begin farther eighth abdominal segment have the right from the base than those of perfidaria. The side terminating farther to the rear than the present species has a lighter ground color left side. than does perfidaria, and the females of aetha are not so heavily suffused with dark Phaeoura cana, new species scales as is the Colorado species. Plate 21, figure 7; text figures 12, 17 The genitalia show a very close similarity A pale grayish brown species from southern

FIG. 17. Distribution of Phaeoura utahensis Cassino and Swett, P. aetha, new species, and P. cana, new species. 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 131 California, with a dark brown subterminal MALE GENITALIA: Very similar to those of area in the male. perfidaria; anellus with posterior of paired MALE: Head like that of perfidaria; structures tapering, lightly setose, anterior antennae with from 70 to 74 segments. pair with ventral side concave; juxta with Thorax above light gray, with a few grayish posterolateral areas well defined, directed brown scales and hair-like scales, the collar posteriorly, median lobe rounded; aedeagus and postenror tuft grayish black; below, and with posterior end bifid, having the lateral legs, like those of perfidaria; process of fore margins extended posteriorly, concave be- tibia shorter than tibia, arising near base and tween. extending a short distance beyond end of FEMALE GENITALIA: Unknown. segment. Abdomen above light gray, with EARLY STAGES: Unknown. scattered dark gray and brownish gray scales, FOOD PLANT: Unknown. the latter concentrated on anterior part of TYPES: Holotype, male, Camp Angelus, abdomen, with posterior portions of segments San Bernardino County, California, July 16, weakly marked with dark in some specimens; 1946 (Noel Crickmer). Paratypes, one male, below grayish white, with scattered dark north fork, San Gabriel Canyon, Los Angeles scales. County, California, July 29, 1945 (Don UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings Meadows); one male, Mt. Lowe, Los Angeles rather short and broad, with maculation of County, California, June 7; one male, San the same type as that of perfidaria; ground Diego, San Diego County, California, Sep- color pale gray, overlain with grayish brown tember 22. Holotype in the collection of the and with a few scattered, blackish brown American Museum of Natural History; para- scales; basal area with blackish brown scales types in the collection of the United States along radial vein and as a dash in cubital National Museum and of the Museumof Com- cell; t. a. line black, prominent, with outward parative Zoology, Harvard College. curve in cell extending about one-third of DISTRIBUTION: The San Gabriel and San length of wing, with a generally convex Bernardino Mountains of southern Califor- course, having a small basal tooth on the nia, with a single specimen from San Diego in cubital vein; median area slightly darker than the Cassino collection. (See fig. 17.) On the basal and subterminal areas; median shade wing in June, July, and September. line weak, present in lower portion of wing REMARKS: Four specimens and two geni- only; discal spot elliptical, black, with pale talic dissections were studied. This species is gray or grayish brown scales in center; t. p. one of the palest to be found in this genus. line black, prominent, like that in aetha but In this respect it is somewhat similar to with a stronger tooth on anal vein; subter- utahensis, but cana is a slightly darker gray, minal area of ground color next to t. p. line in and the brown subterminal area is more upper and lower portions of wing, and pronounced. Another diagnostic feature is suffused with dull dark brown distally; the more evenly curved t. a. line, as it does s. t. line very weak or absent; terminal area not have a strong basal tooth on the cubital of ground color, sprinkled with scattered dark vein. scales, more noticeable in cells M1 and M2; In the male genitalia the bifid apex to the terminal line brownish black, broadly inter- aedeagus is characteristic of this species. rupted by veins, narrow and rather weak; The lateral structures of the anellus are more fringe grayish brown, lighter opposite vein curved than those of perfidaria and aetha. endings. Hind wings concolorous with fore- wings; maculation like that of aetha, but with GENUS THYRINTEINA M5SCELER weak terminal line. Thyrinteina M6SCHLER, 1890, Abhandl. Senck- UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Like that of enbergischen Naturf. Gesell., vol. 16, p. 268. with ScHAus, 1940, in Scientific survey of Porto Rico aetha but with a glossier surface and and the Virgin Islands, New York Academy of less dark scaling. Sciences, vol. 12, p. 323. LENGTH OF FOREWING: 23 to 24 mm.; holotype, 24 mm. Head with short palpi; antennae with FEMALE: Unknown. from 35 to 45 segments, terminal eight or 10 132 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 segments much shorter than basal ones, membranous, with elliptical signum, usually pectinations of male extending up to reduced with both ends extended as small, inwardly terminal segments, the longest ones about directed points. seven times as long as basal antennal EARLY STAGES: Unknown. segments, of even width or slightly swollen TYPE SPECIES: Boarmia quadricostaria basally, of female simple or shortly serrate, Herrich-Schaffer, by original designation apparently the result of coalescence of short (= Thyrinteina arnobia quadricostaria). pectinations to segments. Thorax dorsally RANGE: with hair-like Widespread in the American scales restricted to tegulae, tropics, from southern Texas to the Argen- without posterior tuft, ventrally with rela- and in the Greater tively few hair-like scales; fore tibia tine, Antilles. with This genus is represented by four species. process of male arising near base from a One is swelling, in width equal to width of tibia, and widespread on both the mainland and with an in the Greater Antilles, being divisible into elongate hair pencil from outer the surface, as long as tibia, and with process se-veral subspecies; second, an insular one in the Caribbean; and the other two are found extending shortly beyond end of segment, of in southern female without basal swelling, arising just South America. All have the females larger than the males, with white or beyond middle of segment, and not reaching brownish end of segment, hind tibia with terminal pair wings. The male genitalia have simple valves and one or more small cornuti of spurs only. Abdomen with small, inconspic- in uous, middorsal tufts, often absent in worn the vesica. The female genitalia have an specimens. Forewings of male short, broad, elliptical signum, usually with an inwardly and triangular, of female much larger and pointing tooth near each end. somewhat more pointed; hind wings with Sc KEY TO approximate to R near base, with a weak SPECIES1 cross vein; R and M1 from before upper angle. BASED ON MACULATION MALE GENITALIA: Uncus elongate, or 1. Males ...... 2 greatly reduced; socius weakly represented; Females. 6 gnathos membranous; valves elongate, unor- 2. Forewings broadly shaded with tan or pale namented, with very wide base, tapering brown, with occasional specimens white distally, bluntly rounded or pointed apically, (usually not exceeding 12% of the popula- with sclerotized costa; anellus with paired tion); South America and part of Central lateral structures usually well developed, America ...... arnobia arnobia with one or two pairs of elongate, curved Forewings white, or white lightly dusted with . ... in brown ...... 3 points, some species reduced to a rod-like 3. All below with discal structure; juxta very large, sclerotized, with wings spots black. median area ...... schadeana extended posteriorly as paired, Discal dots below white, inconspicuous . . 4 median, and lateral points, or with a single, 4. elongate, Forewings white, rarely completely shaded median point only; saccus broad, with dark brown (usually not exceeding 6% concave medially; aedeagus moderately slen- of the population); Mexico . . arnobia phala der, swollen basally, pointed distally; vesica Forewings white, dusted with brown; An- with several small cornuti or a single, large, tilles ...... 5 thorn-like cornutus. 5. Wings slightly more heavily dusted with FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with elon- brown; Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico. . . gate, slender lamella postvaginalis, with or arnobia quadricostaria without a raised, sclerotized structure, lamella Wings slightly less dusted with brown; Jamaica antevaginalis in form of a slender, sclerotized unicornis rod, U-shaped, extending anteriorly to encir- 6. All wings below with discal dots black...... cle ostium, ...... schadeana complete or partially obsolescent dots of medially; ductus bursae short, well sclero- Discal under side white ...... 7 7. Antennae black ...... arnobia, tized posteriorly, becoming more membra- Antennae unicornis nous anteriorly; ductus seminalis arising white .leucoceraea dorsally or on right side; corpus bursae large, 1 The males of leucoceraea are unknown. 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 133 BASED ON MALE GENITALIA A species in which the males are of moder- 1. Uncus long and slender, approximately twice as ate size, with the forewings suffused with long as width of aedeagus . . . . arnobia brown. It occurs in South and Central Uncus reduced, shorter than width of aedeagus America...... 2MALE: Head, vertex white, long-scaled; 2. Vesica armed with two to four small cornuti front, upper one-half black or brownish ...... unicornis black, lower portion white; palpi white, Vesica armed with a single, large, thorn-like laterally marked with black or brownish cornutus ...... schadeana black; antennae with about 44 or 45 seg- ...... BASED ON FEMALE GENITALIA ments. Thorax above white, long-scaled, 1. Lamella antevaginalis a very slender, U-shaped some specimens with a few black scales rod, in length equal to length of apophyses posteriorly; below white or whitish gray; legs

anteriores ...... arnobia white or light gray basally, tibia and tarsus Lamella antevaginalis shorter than apophyses mostly blackish brown, lighter at ends of anteriores ...... 2 segments. Abdomen white or grayish white, 2. Posterior margin of ductus bursae simple, trun- above and below, with a few scattered black cate ...... 3 scales. Posterior margin of ductus bursae extended as Forewings with an elongate, capitate, sclerotized projection UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: ...... schadeanaground color white, variably suffused with 3. Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae slightly brown scales beyond t. a. line, usually wider than long .leucoceraea covering ground color completely; basal area Sclerotized portion of ductus bursae about sparsely dusted with scattered dark scales;

twice as long as width ...... unicornis t. a. line brown or blackish brown, varying amobia arnobia (Stoll) from being completely represented to obsoles- Thyrinteina cent, arising on costa about one-fourth of Plate 21, figure 6, plate 22, figure 1; distance from base as large, dark brown, text figures 25, 41 costal spot, outwardly curved in cell, with Phalaena Geometra arnobia STOLL, 1782, Papil- slight thickening or basal tooth on cubital Ions exotiques des tres parties du monde, vol. 4, vein, with bluntly rounded basal projection p. 188, pl. 383, fig. I. Amphidasys arnobiaria (sicl), GUENEE, 1857, in cubital cell, a sharp, outwardly directed HEistoire naturelle des insectes, vol. 9, p. 211. tooth on anal vein, then inwardly oblique to OBERTHtR, 1913, Etudes del6pidopterologie com- inner margin; median area usually more or par6e, fasc. 7, p. 251. less solidly suffused with brown; median Amphidasys arnobia, WALKER, 1860, List of the shade line arising about middle of costa as specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection large, dark brown spot, the line often of the British Museum, pt. 21, p. 308 (partim). obsolescent in upper portion of wing, more Amphidasis arnobia, DRUCE, 1892, Biologia prominent in lower portion, appearing as Centrali-Americana, Insecta,Lepidoptera-Heteroc- broad shade line; discal spot of slightly era, vol. 2, p. 71 (partim). raised scales, white, gray, or brown in color; Thyrinteina arnobia, PROUT, 1910, Trans. Ent. t. p. line blackish brown, complete, arising on Soc. London, p. 343 (partim). BEEBE AND FLEM- two-thirds of distance from base ING, 1951, Zoologica, vol. 36, p. 250. costa about Boarmias oppositaria WALKER, 1860, List of the as large, dark brown spot, outwardly dentate specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection on veins, extending outward to vein M3, of the British Museum, pt. 21, p. 361. PROUT, subparalleling wing margin to vein Cu1, then 1910, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 343 (synon- concave, swinging outward on anal vein, then ymy). obliquely inward to inner margin at about Thyrentina (sic!) oppositaria, KAYE AND LA- seven-tenths of distance from base; subterm- MONT, 1927, Mem. Dept. Agr. Trinidad and inal and terminal areas usually concolorous, Tobago, no. 3, p. 99. with a large brown subapical spot, in some Biston immissus C. FELDER, R. FELDER, AND band der specimens a dark, broad, subterminal ROGENHOFER, "1864-1867" (1875), Reise may be present, shaded distally with lighter Osterrichischen Fregatte "Novara" um die Erde, line interrupted by vol. 2, atlas, p. 3, pl. 133, fig. 24. PROUT, 1910, scales; terminal dark, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 343 (synonymy). veins; fringe brown or blackish brown, 134 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 narrowly interrupted at vein endings. Hind cumring posteriorly, arising from narrow, wings white, shaded with brown scaling at elongate base with slender sclerotized strips apex; basal and median areas lightly dusted along anterior and posterior margins; juxta with black or brown scales; median shade with median area extended posteriorly as two line weakly represented; discal spot white, small median projections and a pair of longer, encircled by narrow dark line; extradiscal lateral teeth, the edges between them line blackish brown, complete, concave slightly swollen or virtually straight, and between veins, with outward projections with anterolateral areas deeply invaginated thereon, running more or less straight to vein dorsally; saccus broad, U-shaped, concave M3, parallel with outer margin to vein Cu1, medially; aedeagus with broadly swollen then concave to anal vein; subterminal line anterior end and elongate, pointed posterior more or less completely represented, often end, in length equal to combined lengths of obsolete in middle of wing; terminal line tegumen and saccus; vesica armed with from complete or interrupted by veins, blackish one to t:hree small cornuti. brown; fringe white or concolorous with wing, FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with lamella interrupted by white at vein endings. postvaginalis elongate, slightly concave, the UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings lateral margins irregular, lamella antevagi- brown or white, depending on color of upper nalis a very slender, elongate, U-shaped, surface; without maculation, the costal sclerotized rod to margin extendinganteriorly beyond pale brown, with large black spots; ostium, completely or slightly broken on fringe concolorous with wing, in some midline, in length equal to length of apophy- specimens very narrowly pale at vein endings. ses anteriores; ductus bursae a short, rectan- Hind wings brown and white, or white; discal gular, sclerotized structure, posterolaterally spot weakly indicated, and start of extra- extended to unite with lamella discal line at costa postvaginalis, marked with a dark spot; anteriorly becoming narrowed, more mem- fringe as on forewings. branous, and with longitudinal striations; LENGTH OF FOREWING: 16 to 20 mm. corpus bursae elongate, membranous, ovate FEMALE: Similar to male, but much in outline, with a rather poorly defined, larger; antennae black. laterally elliptical signum, both ends of UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: White, without which extend inward as small, sclerotized brown suffusion, the wings lightly dusted points. with scattered blackish brown scales; discal EARLY STAGES: Unknown. spot of primaries absent, subterminal line of FoOD PLANT: Unknown. both sets of wings only very weakly repre- TYPES: Of arnobia, location unknown. The sented, otherwise like that of male. types of oppositaria and immissus are in the UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: White, lightly British Museum (Natural History). dusted with brown scales. Primaries with TYPE LOCALITIES: Surinam (arnobia); Ven- t. a. line showing through from upper ezuela (oppositaria); Amazonas, Brazil (im- surface; t. p. line originating at large black msssus). spot on costa and indicated by elongate spots on veins. DISTRIBUTION: The nominate subspecies Hind wings with more or less occurs in South America and part of Central complete extradiscal line, beginning as large America. Specimens have been examined costal spot. from LENGTH OF Bolivia, Brazil, British Guiana, Colom- FOREWING: 25 to 32 mm. bia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Panama MALE GENITALIA: Uncus elongate, paral- and lel-sided, the Canal Zone, Paraguay, Peru, apex bluntly rounded, with a El Salvador, Surinam, Trinidad, and Ven- slight ventral ridge; valves with very wide ezuela. It has also been base, outer margin angled or curved posteni- reported from orly, tapered distally, Uruguay (Guen6e, 1857). On the wing in apex bluntly rounded; every month of the year. costa smoothly sclerotized for about three- This fourths of length of species is known to occur in Guate- valve, broadest in middle mala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, as females of sclerotized area; cucullus with numerous have been setae; anellus with paired lateral examined from these three coun- structures tries. At this time it is not possible to place 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 135 them in this subspecies or the following one. or maculation except for small dark spot More material is needed, particularly males, marking inception of extradiscal line. before their status can be determined. LENGTH OF FoREwING: 15 to 20 mm.; REMARKS: One hundred and fifty-seven holotype, 17 mm. specimens and 11 genitalic dissections were FEMALE: Head, thorax and abdomen like studied. This population is characterized by those of male. the fact that the upper surface of the UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Similar to forewings of the males is largely suffused those of male, but slightly more heavily with a pale brown or tan beyond the t. a. dusted with dark brown scales, and with line and, in many specimens, that the brown discal spots more prominent. is also found on the apical portion of the UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: White, simi- secondaries. On the under side the brown is lar to that of nominate subspecies. repeated, usually extending over the entire LENGTE OF FOREWING: 25 to 32 mm.; forewing and on the anterior portion of the allotype, 29 mm. hind wing. Occasional males are not suffused MALE GENITALIA: Like those of nominate with brown, and this would appear to be the subspecies but differing as follows: uncus recessive character for wing color in the slightly thinner; paired processes of anellus population. In a series of 58 males from appearing to be slightly thicker; median Brazil, eight specimens fall into such a projections of juxta slightly heavier and category, and one or two other specimens are more widely separated, lateral projections of but lightly suffused with brown. The non- same organ slightly longer; aedeagus slightly brown males occurred in approximately longer. one-eighth of this population as represented FEMALE GENITALIA: Like those of the *in the samples studied. nominate subspecies, but differing in that the lamella postvaginalis is slightly larger, and Thyrinteina arnobia phala, new subspecies that the lamella antevaginalis is not inter- Plate 22, figures 2, 3 rupted in the middle. EARLY STAGES: Unknown. Amphidasis arnobia, DRUCE, 1892, Biologia FoOD PLANT: Unknown. Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Lepidoptera-Heter- TYPES: Holotype, male, Chichen Itza, ocera, vol. 2, p. 71 (partim); 1893, op. cit., vol. 3, pl. 48, fig. 4; 1898, op. cit., suppl., vol. 2, p. 533. Yucatan, Mexico, September 12, 1952 (J. and Ampkidasys arnobia, DYAR, 1914, Proc. U. S. D. Pallister); allotype, female, Colonia Natl. Mus., vol. 47, p. 242. Yucatan, Yucatan, Mexico, August 22, 1952 (J. and D. Pallister). Paratypes, one male This subspecies occurs in Mexico and the from Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas, adjacent mainland areas and is characterized May 25, 1952 (Cazier, Gertsch, and Schram- by the white forewings of the males. mel). The remaining paratypes are from MALE: Head, thorax and abdomen like Mexico, listed by states: Veracruz: Thirteen those of nominate subspecies. males and seven females, Jalapa (W. Schaus), UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings, "6-10-1948" (Wegener), December, 1948; ground color white, lightly dusted with one male, Minatitlan, August 20, 1926 scattered brown or blackish brown scales, (C. C. Hoffmann); one female, "Cerro rarely completely suffused with dark brown Azul," July 3, 1924 (C. C. Hoffmann); scales; maculation like that of nominate one female, Orizaba, August, 1907 (C. C. subspecies. Hind wings concolorous with Hoffmann); one male, Jicaltepec, April 4 forewings; maculation like that of nominate (Townsend); one male, Teocelo, September; subspecies. one male, Presidio, July, 1951; one male, UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings, La Gloria, Cardal, January, 1938 (J. Camolo ground color white, rarely completely suf- G.); one male, Cordoba (R. Muller); one fused with dark brown scales, costal margin male and one female, Coatepec; three pale brown, with brownish black spots and females, Motzorongo, June, 1906 (R. Mul- markings, apical portion suffused with brown ler); one female, Palo Gaucho, August, 1941 scaling. Hind wings white, without suffusion (J. Camolo G.). Yucatan: Thirty-three males 136 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 and seven females, Chichen Itza, various Thyrinteina quadricostaria, MOSCHLER, 1890, dates in May, June, July, August, and Abhandl. Senckenbergischen Naturf. Gesell., vol. 1954 and D. 16, p. 268. GUNDLACH, 1891, An. Soc. Espafola September, 1952, (J. Pallister, Hist. Nat., vol. 20, p. 337. E. C. Welling); three males, Colonia Yuca- Amphidasys arnobia, WALKER, 1860, List of the tan, August 18, 19, 1952 (J. and D. Pallister); specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection one male, Chuminopolis, August 6, 1952 of the British Museum, pt. 21, p. 308 (partim). (J. and D. Pallister); one male, Pist6, WOLCOTT, 1923, Jour. Dept. Agr. Porto Rico, voI. June 9, 1959 (C. and P. Vaurie); one male, 7, P. 182. Xtohil, May 13, 1954 (E. C. Welling). Amphidasis arnobia, DRUCE, 1892, Biologia San Luis Potosi: One male, Valles (Mrs. Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Lepidoptera-Heteroc- R. H. Steude); six females, Tamazunchale, era, vol. 2, p. 71 (partim). May 20, 1952 (Cazier, Gertsch, and Schram- Thyrinteina arnobia, PROUT, 1910, Trans. Ent. mel). Guerrero: Two males, Agua del Obispo, Soc. London, p. 343 (partim). SCHAUS, 1940, in C. Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin July, 1932 (C. Hoffmann). Chiapas: One Islands, New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 12, male, "La Granja," July, 1930 (C. C. pt. 3, p. 324. WOLCOTT, 1948, Jour. Agr. Univ. Hoffmann). Tabasco: One male, Teapa, Porto Rico, vol. 32, p. 645. January 14 (R. Muller); one female, Fron- tera, October 18 (R. Muller). Holotype and A population with white forewings, dusted allotype in the collection of the American with brown scales, in the males, that occurs Museum of Natural History; paratypes in in the Greater Antilles. the collections of that institution, of the MALE: Head, thorax and abdomen like United States National Museum, and of the those of nominate subspecies, some specimens Carnegie Museum. with brown scales scattered on thorax and DISTRIBUTION: Southern Texas (Del Rio), abdomen. Mexico, and British Honduras. On the wing UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings with from April through September, and Decem- ground color white, overlain with pale ber. brownish gray and brown scales and irrora- REMARES: One hundred specimens and tions; maculation like that in nominate five genitalic dissections were studied. In subspecies, with costal spots tending to be this population white is the dominant color somewhat larger and subterminal band more for the upper surface of the forewings of the prominent. Hind wings concolorous with males. In a series of 66 males from Mexico forewings, with basal portion of wing irro- four brown specimens have been examined; rated with dark scales. this recessive coloration occurs in about UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: Ground color 6 per cent of the population as represented white; forewings with costa cream-colored, by the samples studied. In these examples the with dark brown spots, apical area suffused brown is evenly spread over all four wings, with pale grayish brown; all wings without above and below, thus differing from the maculation except for traces of discal dots South American specimens. The white males and a small blackish brown spot on costa of from South America have the apices of the hind wings at beginning of extradiscal line. forewings below white; the Mexican white MALE GENITALIA: Like those of nominate males have the apices shaded with pale subspecies but differing as follows: uncus brown. slightly thinner; paired processes of anellus appearing to be slightly thicker, with a small, ThYrinteina armobia quadricostaria shoulder-like protuberance on dorsal surface (Herrich-Schaffer), new of posteriorly curving processes; median combination projections of juxta slightly heavier and Plate 22, figures 4, 5 more elongate, lateral projections of same Boarmia quadricostaria HERRICH-SCHXEFER, organ longer; aedeagus longer than combined 1870, Corresp.-Blatt ZooL.-Min. Ver. Regensburg, lengths of tegumen and saccus, having a more vol. 24, p. 188. GUNDLACE, 1881, Contrib. Ent. elongate, pointed, posterior end. Cubana, p. 404. PROUT, 1910, Trans. Ent. Soc. FEMALE GENITALIA: Like those of the London, p. 343 (synonym of arnobia). nominate subspecies, but differing in that the 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 137 lamella postvaginalis is more extensively FEMALE: Upper surface of all wings white, sclerotized and the lamella antevaginalis is with a few scattered brownish black scales; slightly broader, with the sclerotized portion cross lines narrow, brownish black, as are the at the midline very slender. few small costal spots, and the terminal line. EARLY STAGES: Unknown. Under surface white, with very few dark FOOD PLANT: Unknown. scales; cross lines of forewings faintly indi- TYPE: Location unknown. cated from upper surface; extradiscal line of TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba. hind wings complete, very fine except for DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Hispaniola, and thicker costal spot. Puerto Rico. Both Moschler (1890) and LENGTH OF FOREWING: 26 to 28 mm.; Gundlach (1891) reported it as occurring in allotype, 26 mm. Puerto Rico, but no specimens were seen MALE GENITALIA: Uncus short, the apex from that island by Schaus (1940). A bifurcate; valves with very wide base, outer recently collected specimen has been exami- margin angled or curved posteriorly, tapered ned by the author, so the record is verified. distally, apex bluntly pointed; costa sclero- On the wing in January, March, May, June, tized for about two-thirds of length of valve, July, September, and October. widest at base; cucullus with numerous REMARKS: Twenty-four specimens and setae; anellus with thick, paired, lateral seven genitalic dissections were studied. The structures roughly H-shaped, wider at base Antillean population, as far as is known, than posteriorly, projecting caudad as far as consists of white males only. They can be base of uncus, connected medially by a long, distinguished from males of the other sclerotized area, extending anteriorly to populations by the heavier suffusion of dark posterolateral margins of juxta, and having a scales on the upper surface of the wings. In ventrally directed, spine-like projection on this respect they are darker than males of the each side near anterior ends; juxta with preceding subspecies but much lighter in median area extended as a very long, thin color than the normal South American males. projection, extending posteriorly as far as Several differences are found in the posterior margin of valves, anterior portion genitalia. Possibly they reflect a degree of with distal areas curved posteriorly; saccus variation that is of specific rank. Until more very broad, rectangular, anterior margin is known about the various populations, concave medially; aedeagus with moderately particularly about the early stages, it is swollen anterior end and an elongate, pointed thought best to place this population as a posterior end, in length subequal to combined subspecies of arnobia. lengths of uncus, tegumen, and saccus; vesica armed with two to four small cornuti at the Thyrinteina unicornis, new species end of a small, weakly sclerotized plate. Plate 22, figures 6, 7; text figures 26, 42 FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with lamella Amphidasys arnobia, GOWDEY, 1926, Dept. Agr. postvaginalis about twice as long as wide, Jamaica, Ent. Bull., no. 4, pt. 1, p. 61. narrowed distally, with rough surface and Very similar to quadricostaria in size, color, edges, lamella antevaginalis square in out- and maculation in both sexes. line, slightly narrowed posteriorly, and with MALE: Upper surface of forewings tending a broad, rather flat protuberance on anterior to be slightly less heavily dusted with brown side; ductus bursae slightly enlarged anteri- scales than in the preceding nopulation, and orly, with a lightly sclerotized area extending with the costal spots tending to be slightly a short distance on right side of corpus more diffuse. Under surface of all wings bursae, from which ductus seminalis arises; white, very sparsely dusted with brown corpus bursae elongate, membranous, ovate scales, the costa of forewings with several in outline, with small, well-defined, laterally small, brownish black spots and of the hind elliptical signum, both ends thickened. wings with a dark spot at beginning of EARLY STAGES: Unknown. extradiscal line. FOOD PLANT: Unknown. LENGTH OF FOREWING: 15 to 20 mm.; TYPES: Holotype, male, Phoenix Park, holotype, 18 mm. Moneague, St. Ann Parish, Jamaica, Febru- 138 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 ary 26, 1957 (B. Heineman); allotype, January through August, November, and female, Flamstead, St. James Parish, Jamai- December. ca, March, 1927 (C. K. Russel). Paratypes, REMARKS: Eighty-one specimens and four all from Jamaica and listed by parishes: genitalic dissections were studied. In size, Manchester Parish: Seven males, Mandeville, pattern, and color, this species is almost November 16, 1919, December 20, 1919, indistinguishable from arnobia quadricostaria. January 13-15, 1920, elevation 2131-2250 This population tends to have the upper and feet, July 17, 1960, elevation 2000 feet (P. under surfaces of the wings slightly lighter in and C. Vaurie); one male, near Troy, color than does the preceding subspecies, as June 14-15, 1909; one male, Balaclava, the wings have less dark scaling. April 15-20, 1909; three males, Christiana, The best way to differentiate this species is July 31, 1931, July 27, 1933 (Avinoff and by the genitalia. In the male, the very short Shoumatoff), "8-7-23." Clarendon Parish: uncus, with its bifurcate apex, the large, Two males, Clarendon, Cumberland District, H-shaped, paired structures of the anellus, December 15-18, 1919, elevation about and the very long median process of the juxta 3000 feet. St. Andrew Parish: Four males, are characteristic of unicornis. In the female, Constant Spring, April 12, 1931, elevation the quadrate outline of the lamella antevagi- 600 feet, June 25, 26, August 7, 1936 (Avinoff nalis and the larger ductus bursae are and Shoumatoff); one male, Hermitage diagnostic. Reservoir, July 24, 1960 (P. and C. Vaurie). Trelawny Parish: Three males, Baron Hill, Thyrinteina leucoceraea, new species March 16, 1931, elevation 1150 feet, October, 1931 (Lily Perkins); two males, Falmouth, Plate 22, figure 8; text figuxe 43 July 19, 1960 (C. and P. Vaurie). St. Ann A relatively small species, the female Parish: One male, Shaw Park, Ocho Rios, having white antennae. February 24, 1947 (B. Heineman); one male, MALE: Unknown. Discovery Bay, March 9, 1952 (B. Heinee- FEMALE: Head, vertex white; front, upper man); 14 males, Moneague (also spelled two-thirds with mixed black and dark brown Monique), various dates in May, June, scales, lower portion white; palpi white; July, 1895-1933; seven males, Claremont, antennae white, with about 42 to 44 seg- March, 1931, March, 1933, May 15, 1936, ments. Thorax above white, long-scaled, with June 2, 1936 (Lily Perkins). Portland Parish: scattered brownish black scales; below whit- Three males, Greenhills, Hardwar Gap, ish gray; legs whitish gray basally, forelegs June 4, 13, 26, 1936 (E. Paine); two males, with tibia and tarsus blackish brown. Hardwar Gap, July 13-15, 1960, elevation Abdomen white or grayish white, above and 4800 feet (P. and C. Vaurie); three males, below with a few scattered black scales. Green Hills, April, 1940; one male, Mt. UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings with Pleasant, July 28, 1936 (Avinoff and Shouma- ground color white, evenly sprinkled with toff); three males, Port Antonio, February brown scales; cross lines like those in arnobia; 15, 1955 (B. Heineman). St. Thomas Parish: discal spot of slightly raised white scales; Three males, Morant Bay, July 12, 1933, July subterminal line very weakly indicated or 15, 1936 (Avinoff and Shoumatoff); one male, absent, arising from a rather nebulous brown Bath, March, 1937. St. James Parish: Three spot on costa midway between origin of t. p. males, Montpelier, August, 1895. Twelve line and wing apex; terminal line weakly males and one female, "Jamaica" (Baker; present or absent; fringe concolorous with F. Klages), 1927 (C. K. Russel), January- wing. Hind wings concolorous with forewings, April, 1927 (C. K. Russel). The holotype is in evenly dusted with brown scales; maculation the collection of the American Museum of like that of arnobia; subterminal line present, Natural History; the allotype, in the collec- interrupted by veins; fringe of ground color. tion of the Carnegie Museum. Paratypes are UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: All wings deposited in both these institutions and in the white, lightly dusted with brown scales United States National Museum. terminally, without maculation except for DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica. On the wing in dark brown venular dots representing t. p. 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 139 and extradiscal lines, and for elongate, UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings with white discal dots on all wings. ground color white, lightly sprinkled with LENGTE OF FOREWING: 22 to 24 mm.; dark brown scales and more or less suffused holotype, 24 mm. with pale brownish gray terminally; cross MALE GENITALIA: Unknown. lines like those in arnobia; discal spot of FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with lamella slightly raised white scales, narrowly outlined postvaginalis concave dorsally, membranous, in brownish black; median area concolorous ventrally with a raised, subrectangular with basal area and basal portion of sub- protuberance, with spiculate surface, the two terminal area; subterminal line absent- anterior corners extending shortly cephalad, fringe concolorous with terminal area, faintly lamella antevaginalis a narrow, U-shaped rod interrupted at vein endings. Hind wings con- extending anteriorly beyond ostium; ductus colorous with forewings, lightly dusted with bursae a very short, sclerotized tube, slightly black or dark brown scales; maculation like wider than long, truncate posteriorly, nar- that of arnobia; subterminal line weakly rowing anteriorly; ductus seminalis arising on indicated; fringe of ground color. right side; corpus bursae an elongate, large, UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: All wings membranous structure, elliptical in outline, white, without maculation except for promi- with a very small, rather weakly defined nent dark discal dots; forewings slightly signum. suffused with very pale brownish gray EARLY STAGES: Unknown. terminally, with pale brownish gray costa FOOD PLANT: Unknown. having some dark brown spots, in some TYPES: Holotype, female, Hansa Hum- specimens with very faint reflection of t. p. boldt, Santa Catherina, Brazil. Paratypes, line indicated; hind wings with start of two females, same data as holotype, and two extradiscal line at costa marked with a small females, Tapera, Pernambuco, Brazil (Pickel). dark spot. Holotype and three paratypes in the collec- LENGTH OF FOREWING: 12 to 15 mm. tion of the United States National Museum; FEMALE: Similar to male, but much larger; one paratype in the American Museum of antennae black. Natural History. UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: White or DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type whitish gray, dusted with dark brown scales; series from Brazil. discal spot of forewings outlined by darker REMARKS: Five specimens and two genitalic scales; terminal line of both wings present. dissections were studied. The females of this UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: White, lightly species resemble small females of arnobia but dusted with brown scales. Forewings with can be distinguished by the fact that the costa concolorous with remainder of wing; all wings are slightly more heavily dusted with wings with discal spots dark brown, t. p. and brown scales, producing a slightly grayish extradiscal lines represented by larger costal appearance, the small size, and the white and smaller venular dots. antennae. The genitalia are also distinctive LENGTH OF FOREWING: 20 to 21 mm. and can be identified by the small lamella MALE GENITALIA: Uncus short, shorter antevaginalis, the raised, spiculate lamella than length of cornutus in aedeagus, with a postvaginalis, and the very small signum. slight ventral ridge, terminating in a single point; valves with very wide base, tapering Thyrinteina schadeana Schaus distally, apex bluntly pointed; costa sclero- Plate 23, figures 1, 2; text figures 27, 44 tized and heavily setose for one-half to Thyrinteina schadeana ScHAUS, 1927, Proc. Ent. two-thirds of length of valve; cucullus with a Soc. Washington, vol. 29, p. 80. moderate number of short setae; anellus with This species resembles a small, white paired lateral structures reduced to a single, arnobia, with slightly more elongate and diagonal, rod-like structure on each side, narrower wings. slightly enlarged and pointed apically: juxta MALE: Head, thorax and abdomen like with median area extended posteriorly as two those of arnobia; antennae with from 35 to median projections and a pair of smaller, 37 segments. lateral teeth, the edges between them with 140 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 one or two small teeth irregularly placed in ductus bursae of the female genitalia is some specimens, and with anterolateral areas diagnostic for schadeana. deeply invaginated dorsally; saccus broad, U-shaped, slightly concave medially; aedea- GENUS HOLOCEROA HuLST gus slightly constricted before anterior end, Folochroa HULST, 1896, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., broadly swollen posteriorly and vol. 23, p. 352. DYAR, "1902" (1903), Bull. U. S. terminating Natl. no. 323. B. in a sclerotized point; vesica armed with a Mus., 52, p. J. SMITE, 1903, Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America, p. single large, thorn-like cornutus. 76. GROSSBECK, 1912, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with lamella Hist., vol. 31, p. 406. BARNES AND McDUN- postvaginalis concave, membranous, lamella NOUGH, 1917, Check list of the Lepidoptera of antevaginalis sclerotized posteriorly, then boreal America, p. 117. McDUNNOUGH, 1938, narrowed to a slender, U-shaped rod extend- Check list, pt. 1, p. 162. ing anteriorly to beyond ostium, becoming Gloduria DYAR, 1924, Insec. Inscit. Menstr., partly membranous when transverse; ductus vol. 12, p. 18. New synonymy. bursae a short, sclerotized tube medially, Head with short palpi; antennae with broader than long, extending posteriorly as about 52 to 57 segments, pectinations of male an elongate, digitate projection, slightly extending to apex, the longest ones from six enlarged terminally, its surface rugose, the to eight times as long as basal antennal ductus extending anteriorly as a swollen, segments, of even width or slightly swollen more lightly sclerotized area, with an irregu- basally, of female simple. Thorax dorsally lar anterior margin; corpus bursae elongate, with numerous hair-like scales, and with a membranous, ovate in outline, with a well- paired posterior tuft, ventrally moderately defined, rounded signum, with two inwardly heavily clothed with hair-like scales; fore projecting points. tibia with process of male arising just basad EARLY STAGES: Unknown. of middle of of female FOOD segment, just beyond PLANT: Unknown. middle, hind tibia with terminal pair of spurs TYPE: Schaus described this species from a only. Abdomen with small, often inconspic- single female type (U.S.N.M. No. 33207). uous, middorsal tufts. Forewings elongate; TYPE LOCALITY: According to the original hind wings with Sc approximate to R description, the type locality was San slightly basad of middle of cell; R and Ml Bernardino, Paraguay. The specimen bearing from before, at, or stalked beyond, the type label is labeled as coming from angle. upper Trinidad, Paraguay. There is a town with the MALE GENITALIA: Uncus socius name of Trinidad on the western outskirts elongate; of Asuncion, weakly represented; gnathos weakly sclero- while San Bernardino is about tized, complete or partially obsolescent; 20 miles to the east. It is assumed that the valves unornamented or correct type locality with a single is the town of Trinidad. sclerotized arm at base; anellus with paired DISTRIBUTION: Specimens have been exam- lateral ined from the type structures having two elongate, curved locality in Paraguay and points, well separated, one directed posteri- from the provinces of Jujuy and Tucuman in the other Argentina. The single specimen orly, ventrally; juxta with sclero- with a date of tized median area extended as a point or capture was labeled April. rounded REMARKS: Six specimens lobe; saccus truncate anteriorly; and five genitalic aedeagus slender; vesica with a single heavy dissections were studied. This species resem- cornutus. bles a small, narrow-winged, white arnobia. FEMALE GENITALIA: It can be distinguished from nominate Sterigma rather weakly arnobia sclerotized; ductus bursae small; corpus by these characters and by having bursae moderately large, with stellate sig- fewer segments in the antennae. The male num. genitalia are distinguished by the large, thorn-like EARLY STAGES: Unknown. cornutus in the vesica and by the TYPE SPECIES: Tornos dissociarius Hulst elongate, rod-like processes of the anellus. for The prominent posterior process Holochroa, by original designation. As of the dyslogista Dyar was the only included 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 141 species in Gloduria, it automatically becomes Lepiodes dissociaria, J. B. SmITr, 1891, List of the type, even though it was not so specified the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 71. by Dyar. Holochroa dissodciaria, HULST, 1896, Trans. RANGE: The southwestern United States Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 352. DYAR, "1902" and northwestern (1903), Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., no. 52, p. 323 Mexico, extending south in (partim). J. B. SMITH, 1903, List of the Lepidop- Mexico as far as Guerrero. tera of Boreal America, p. 76. This genus is represented by two species, Holochroa dissociarius, GROSSBECK, 1912, Bull. both of which are smaller and have narrower Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 31, p. 407. BARNES wings than any of the other species in this AND MCDUNNOUGH, 1917, Check list of the tribe. Both species are gray or brownish gray Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 117. McDuN- in color, with the t. p. line having a character- NOUGH, 1938, Check list, pt. 1, p. 162. istic course, as it is concave in the upper part A rather evenly colored population, occur- of the wing, sharply angled opposite the cell, ring in Arizona and Colorado. and strongly inwardly oblique below this MALE: Head, vertex pale gray or white; point. The male genitalia have simple valves, front flat, blackish brown; palpi very small, a median projection from the anellus, and a grayish basally, becoming blackish brown single large cornutus in the vesica. The terminally; antennae with about 52 segments, stellate signum and the weakly sclerotized the pectinations of the male between six and sterigma are diagnostic features of the female seven times as long as basal antennal genitalia. segments. Thorax above pale gray, with KEY TO SPECIES scattered dark gray scales, and with black scales between back of head and thorax, BASED ON MACULATION below gray, slightly darker anteriorly; legs 1. Forewings above grayish brown, suffused with gray, the tarsi blackish brown, with ends of brown in basal and subterminal areas, and segments white. Abdomen gray, the second with prominent t. a. and t. p. lines; hind segment black or brownish black dorsally; wings above paler than forewings . . . . 2 below. Forewings above an even, pale brownish gray, paler with weakly defined cross lines; hind wings UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings with above concolorous with forewings . unicolor ground color gray, more or less evenly 2. Upper surface of forewings a more or less uni- overlain with pale gray and dark gray scales, colorous grayish brown, the secondaries and with basal and subterminal areas often slightly paler . . . . dissociaria dissociaria lightly shaded with brown; t. a. line either Upper surface of forewings contrastingly col- absent or weakly represented anteriorly, ored, with white basal and subterminal areas when present arising on costa about one-third separated by grayish black median area, the of distance from base, going sharply outward secondaries contrastingly white . into cell, curving posteriorly, becoming dissociaria varia prominent below cell, black, proceeding with slight curve to inner margin about one-fifth BASED ON MALE GENITALIA of distance from base; discal spot small, Valve simple. dissociaria white, in some specimens absent; t. p. line Valve with a sclerotized arm at base . . unicolor very weakly represented anteriorly, arising BASED FEMALE on costa almost four-fifths of distance from ON GENITALIA base, making a concave loop to vein M3, Signum extended transversely . . . . dissociaria coming nearer to wing margin than origin of Signum extended longitudinally . . . . unicolor line, sharply angled basally, becoming promi- nent, black, proceeding to inner margin Holochroa dissociaria dissociaria (Hulst) about one-half of distance from base, usually Plate 23, figures 4, 5; text figures 18, 28, 45 with slight concavity near vein Cu2 and with Tornos dissociarius HULST, 1887, Ent. Amer., slight convexity at anal vein; subterminal vol. 2, p. 192. PEARSALL, 1908, Canadian Ent., and terminal areas often suffused with brown vol. 40, p. 133. RINDGE, 1955, Bull. Amer. Mus. below angle of t. p. line, and with nebulous Nat. Hist., vol. 106, p. 141. . gray spotting in cells opposite cell and above 142 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 anal angle; terminal line narrow, black, often weakly defined elliptical or subrectangular interrupted by veins, with intravenular spots lamella postvaginalis and with small, raised in upper part of wing; fringe concolorous with lamella antevaginalis; ductus bursae small, wing. Hind wings pale gray, with scattered posterolateral margins extending farther cau- dark gray and blackish brown scales, these dad than median area; corpus bursae elon- becoming more numerous towards anal gate, roughly tear-shaped, with large, stellate margin; discal spot weakly represented or signum, situated transversely, with rays more absent; extradiscal line black or blackish strongly developed on anterior side than on brown, becoming faint in upper part of wing, other margins. paralleling outer margin, tending to have a EARLY STAGES: Unknown. small, outwardly directed bend on vein M3; FOOD PLANT: Unknown. subterminal and terminal areas slightly TYPE: In the American Museum of suffused with gray scales, with faint trace of Natural History, the species having been s. t. line present in some specimens; terminal described from a single male. line and fringe as on primaries. UNDER TYPE LOCALITY: No locality was given in SURFACE OF WINGS: All wings pale the original description. The type bears a gray, rather silky in nature, without macula- "Cal." label, but California is a doubtful tion, although pattern from upper side locality, as the species is not known to occur weakly reflected in some specimens; costa of in that state. forewings with gray and grayish black DISTRIBUTION: Arizona, Colorado, and scales; terminal line absent; fringe concolor- Durango. (See fig. 18.) On the wing in April, ous with wing. May, June, July, and August. LENGTEH OF FoREwING: 15 to 18 mm., with REMARKS: One hundred and one specimen sixty-five measuring 20 mm. specimens and 16 genitalic dissections were FEMALE: Similar to male, with forewings studied. There is some variation in the color tending to be slightly less suffused with dark and maculation of the surface scales, to have upper of the discal spot and cross lines forewings, as the amount of dark gray and slightly more clearly defined; hind wings brown suffusion tends to be somewhat tending to be darker than in male and less variable; there also minor contrasting with are differences in primaries. the strength and course of the t. a. and LENGTH OF FOREWING: 18 to 21 mm. t. lines. The MALE p. females are larger and not GENITALIA: Uncus tapering, slightly quite so dark as the males, but have similar curved ventrally, terminating in a blunt maculation. In one point; example the t. a. and gnathos complete; valves simple, t. p. lines are broken below the cell and have rounded apically, with sclerotized costa become connected with each other, leaving a extending about three-fifths or four-fifths of brief area without cross lines. length of valve, sacculus with a weak ridge The and slightly single Durango male (Palos Colorados, more sclerotized than remainder August 4, 1947, 8000 feet elevation; W. of valve; anellus with strongly developed, Gertsch and M. A. J. well-separated, paired structures, Cazier) is the largest posterior known example of this sex, as the primary prong curved, elongate, longer than anterior measures 20 mm. one, the latter Whether the slightly darker extending anteriorly well and more brownish and beyond transtilla and terminating in prong; forewings hind juxta wings represent an individual variation or a with small lateral lobes, with median good population difference will area produced posteriorly as a not be known sharply until more material from this area is pointed, sclerotized projection with a ventral able. avail- ridge; aedeagus equal in length to combined lengths of tegumen and saccus, posterior end Holochroa dissociaria varia, new subspecies bluntly pointed, indented near middle; vesica Plate 23, figures 6, 7; text figure 18 with a single, heavy, recurved spine, arising Holochroa dissociaria, from a broad base, with a sclerotized strip Bull. U. S. Natl. DYAR, "1902"S (1903), anterior thereto. Mus., no. 52, p. 323 (partim). A more FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with a contrastingly marked subspecies, occurring in New Mexico and Texas. 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 143

FIG. 18. Distribution of Holochroa dissociaria (Hulst). The species is also known from the state of Durango.

MALE: Head, thorax and abdomen like parts of wing. Hind wings white, with those in nominate subspecies. scattered brown and grayish brown scales UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Forewings along anal angle and terminally; maculation contrastingly colored, with basal and sub- like that of nominate dissociaria. terminal areas white, lightly overlain with UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: All wings pale gray scales in some specimens, the white, the dark scales of upper surface of median area gray and blackish gray; cross forewings faintly reflected below, otherwise lines like those in nominate dissociaria; like those of typical dissociaria, but with median area lighter gray parallel with costa, discal spots more strongly indicated. a blackish gray shade line along t. p. line in LENGTH OF FOREWING: 16 to 18 mm.; lower portion of wing; discal spot white or holotype, 17 mm. grayish white, narrowly outlined in black; a FEMALE: Similar to male, the forewings small, grayish white area of variable size tending to be less contrasting in color, with below apex and in cell R4, extending across the white areas completely overlain with gray upper part of t. p. line; subterminal area with on both forewings and hind wings, the latter pale brown below angle of t. p. line; s. t. not sharply contrasting in color with the line light gray, present in upper and lower primaries as a result. 144 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 LENGTH OF FOREWING: 20 (allotype) to MALE: Head, vertex pale grayish brown; 21 mm. front raised, extending well beyond eyes, MALE GENITALIA: Like those of the grayish brown, slightly darker above; palpi nominate subspecies. extending beyond front of eyes, appressed, FEMALE GENITALIA: Like those of the pale grayish brown basally, becoming brown nominate subspecies. terminally; antennae with about 57 segments, EARLY STAGES: Unknown. the pectinations of the male between seven FOOD PLANT: Unknown. and eight times as long as basal antennal TYPES: Holotype, male, Gran Quivira segments. Thorax above pale gray, with National Monument, Socorro County, New scattered brown scales, below pale gray; legs Mexico, July 18, 1957 (S. F. Wood), and gray, the tarsi brown, with ends of segments allotype, female, same data, but collected narrowly gray. Abdomen grayish brown July 14, 1958. Paratypes: Sixteen males and above and below, with small, black, lateral one female, same data as types, July 18, 22, patches on A2. 1957, July 14, 15, 17, 1958; one male, UPPER SURFACE OF WINGS: Ground color Mountainair, Torrance County, New Mexico, of all wings pale gray, evenly overlain with July 7, 1940, elevation 5800 feet; one male, pale brown and darker brown scales, produc- Santa Rosa, Guadalupe County, New Mex- ing a uniformly grayish brown color; fore- ico, July 5, 1951 (A. K. Wyatt). Holotype wings with faint maculation, the cross lines and allotype in the collection of the Los usually weakly represented; t. a. line repre- Angeles County Museum; paratypes in the sented by small brown spot on costa about collection of that institution, of the American one-fourth of distance from base, broadly Museum of Natural History, and of C. W. convex in middle of wing, swinging back to Kirkwood. inner margin; discal spot brown, large; DISTRIBUTION: New Mexico and the t. p. line arising about four-fifths of distance western part of Texas. (See fig. 18.) On the from base, making a concave loop to vein M3, wing from March through July and again in coming nearer to wing margin than origin of September and October. line, sharply angled basally, subparalleling REMARKS: Thirty-three specimens and five outer margin to inner margin about two- genitalic dissections were studied. This popu- thirds of distance from base, tending to be lation is slightly larger and more brightly and concave between veins; subterminal and contrastingly colored than the nominate terminal line narrow, brown, interrupted by subspecies, particularly in the males. The veins; fringe concolorous with wings. Hind white secondaries, the white basal and wings concolorous with forewings; discal subterminal areas, and the very dark median spot large, grayish black; extradiscal line area of the forewings form a marked contrast complete or fading out in anterior part of in color. The females are also lighter in color wing, paralleling outer margin, concave and have their forewings more contrastingly between veins; terminal line and fringe as on marked than do the members of this sex of primaries. typical dissociaria. UNDER SURFACE OF WINGS: All wings pale grayish brown; forewings, costa with brown Holochroa unicolor (Druce), new combination scaling; discal dot large, dull black; t. p. line Plate 23, figures 3, 8; text figures 29, 46 arising three-fourths of distance from base, evenly curved around cell, then paralleling Lepiodes (?) unicolor DRUCE, 1899, Biologia outer margin, becoming faint in lower part of Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Lepidoptera-Heter- wing; terminal line and fringe as above. ocera, vol. p. Hind 2, 542, vol. 3, pI. 99, fig. 22. RINDGE, wings with very large, black, discal spot, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 104, p. and 181. with extradiscal line well-marked, fading out Gloduria dyslogistas DYAR, 1924, Insec. Inscit. posteriorly; terminal line and fringe as above. Menstr., vol. 12, p. 18. New synonymy. LENGTH OF FOREWING: 17 mm. FEMALE: Similar to male but much A gray, unicolorous larger. species from Mexico, LENGTH OF FOREWING: 23 to 25 mm. with weakly defined cross lines. MALE GENITALIA: Uncus with basal con- 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 145 striction, curving ventrally, terminating in an ellipse, signum longitudinally stellate, with elongate, spine-like point; gnathos with the anterior side produced cephalad in a form lateral sections only; valves truncate apically, of a long projection, the posterior side with sclerotized costa extending to beginning concave, with a small pair of rays. of truncation, base of valves with twisted, EARLY STAGES: Unknown. sclerotized arm, in length longer than maxi- FOOD PLANT: Unknown. mum width of aedeagus, sacculus with TYPES: Druce described this species from several small, longitudinal ridges and a small one pair, both specimens being in the tooth; anellus with strongly developed, collection of the British Museum (Natural well-separated, paired structures, posterior History); the male is hereby designated as the prong curved, anterior one arising medially lectotype. Dyar also described this species from structure, the latter continuing anteri- from one pair, and the male of dyslogista is orly as far as juxta; juxta with median area hereby designated as the lectotype; both broadly produced posteriorly, bluntly pointed, specimens are in the collection of the United with small, shoulder-like projections at base States National Museum. of projecting area; aedeagus subequal in TYPE LOCALITIES: Presidio de Mazatlan, length to combined lengths of tegumen and Sinaloa, Mexico (unicolor); Colima, Mexico saccus, pointed apically, posterior end slightly (dyslogista). swollen, right side with sclerotized band, the DISTRIBUTION: West central Mexico, known surface minutely serrate in part, anterior from Sinaloa, Colima, Guerrero, and Morelos. portion of aedeagus slightly tapering; vesica The only known date of capture is June. with a single, heavy, straight spine, ansing REMARKS: Five specimens and four geni- from a swollen base, and with a broad, flat, talic preparations were studied. Unfortu- sclerotized band anterior thereto. nately this species is very poorly represented FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with elon- in collections, so that virtually nothing can be gate lamella postvaginalis, bluntly rounded said about the variation within the species. at both ends, posteriorly continued as a series The species is, however, quite distinct from of small, transverse ridges, the lamella ante- dissociaria. It can be recognized by the even, vaginalis an irregular, semicircular patch on grayish brown coloration of the wings, with each side at junction with ductus bursae; poorly defined cross lines and with prominent ductus bursae short, with sclerotized area discal spots. The male genitalia are distinc- broader than long, widening posteriorly; tive in having the arm at the base of the corpus bursae extending dorsally from ductus valves, while the shape of the signum is bursae, then posteriorly to form an elongate diagnostic in the female.

LIST OF SPECIES OF NACOPHORINI, WITH THEIR KNOWN DISTRIBUTION GENUS Betulodes THIERRY-MIEG 1. crebraria (Guen6e) Bolivia, Brazil, British Guiana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru 2. matharma (Druce) Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia 3. antennatissima (Dyar) Mexico 4. euriceraea, new species Bolivia, Ecuador GENUS Phaeoura HIuLST North America 1. quernaria (J. E. Smith) Eastern 2. cristifera Hulst Arizona, Colorado, western Texas 3. cladonia (C. Felder, R. Felder, and Rogenhofer) Mexico new species Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico 4. kirkwoodi, United States 5. mexicanaria (Grote) Western 6. ianthina, new species Mexico 7. spadix, new species Mexico, Guatemala Arizona, California 8. belua, new species Utah 9. perfidaria Barnes and McDunnough Arizona, California, Colorado, 146 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123 10. utahensis Cassino and Swett Utah, ?Colorado, ?Arizona 11. aetha, new species California, Nevada 12. cana, new species California GENUS Thyrinteina MOSCHLER la. arnobia arnobia (Stoll) Bolivia, Brazil, British Guiana, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Panama and the Canal Zone, Paraguay, El Salvador, Surinam, Trinidad, Uruguay, Venezuela b. arnobia phala, new subspecies British Honduras, Mexico, Texas c. arnobia quadricostaria (Herrich-Schiffer) Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico 2. unicornis, new species Jamaica 3. keucoceraea, new species Brazil 4. schadeana Schaus Argentina, Paraguay GENUS Holochroa HULST la. dissociaria dissociaria (Hulst) Arizona, Colorado, Durango b. dissociaria varia, new subspecies New Mexico, Texas 2. unicolor (Druce) Mexico 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 147

19 20

22

FIGS. 19-22. Male genitalia. 19. Betulodes crebraria (Guen6e), Panama (A.M.N.H.). 20. B. matharma (Druce), Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, July 19-22, 1951 (R. M. Laughlin; A.M.N.H.). 21. B. antennatissima (Dyar). Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico, June, 1938 (C. C. Hoffman; A.M.N.H.). 22. B. euriceraea, new species, holotype, Zamora, Ecuador (0. T. Baron; B.M.N.H.). VOL. 123 148 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

W2 3 X~~~~2

FIGS. 23, 24. Male genitalia. 23. Phaeoura quernaria (J. E. Smith), Siesta Key, Sarasota County, Florida, February 13, 1951 (C. P. Kimball; A.M.N.H.). 24. P. mexscanaria (Grote), Spring Creek, near Baker, Baker County, Oregon, June 14, 1955 (J. H. Baker; A.M.N.H.). 1961 RINDGE: NACOPHORINI 149

26

FIGS. 25-29. Male genitalia. 25. Thyrinteina arnobia arnobia (Stoll), Blumenau, Brazil, January (Pohl; A.M.N.H.). 26. T. unicornis, new species, paratype, Baron Hill, Jamaica, March 16, 1931 (A.M.N.H.). 27. T. schadeana Schaus, Tucuman, Argentina (U.S.N.M.). 28. Holochroa dissociaria dissociaria (Hulst), Garden Canyon, Arizona, July 30, 1949 (W. J. and J. W. Gertsch; A.M.N.H.). 29. H. unicolor (Druce), no data (A.M.N.H.). VOL. 123 150 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

35

FIGS. 30-35. Female genitalia. 30. Betulodes crebraria (Guen6e), Castro, Parana, Brazil (U.S.N.M.). 31. B. matharma (Druce), Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, February (Schaus and Barnes; U.S.N.M.). 32. Phaeoura quernaria (J. E. Smith), Sharon, Massachusetts, May 11, 1909 (A. C. Sampson; A.M.N.H.). 33. P. cristifera Hulst, Browns Canyon, Arizona, June 8, 1952 (Cazier, Gertsch, Schrammel; A.M.N.H.). 34. P. cladonia (C. Felder, R. Felder, and Rogenhofer), San Angel, Distrito Federal, Mexico, July 26, 1911 (C. C. Hoffmann; A.M.N.H.). 35. P. kirkwoodi, new species, allotype, upper camp, Pinery Canyon, Arizona, July 8, 1956 (Martin, Comstock, Rees; L.A.M.). 1961-~~~.-- wvrasRTNT)r,lP'-. 'NTArnPun-Dir-KT-r1~7~j~j 151

38 37

36

39 40

FIGS. 36-40. Female genitalia. 36. Phaeoura mexicanaria (Grote), Reuter Canyon Camp, Wyoming July 13, 1959 (F., P., and B. Rindge; A.M.N.H.). 37. P. spadix, new species, allotype, Ciudad de Guatemala (Rodriguez; B.M.N.H.). 38. P. belua, new species, paratype, Christopher Creek, Arizona, June 17, 1957 (Martin, Ford, Rees; L.A.M.). 39. P. perfidaria Barnes and McDunnough, Glenwood Springs, Colorado, June 28, 1894 (W. Barnes; A.M.N.H.). 40. P. aetha, new species, paratype, Smoky Valley, California, June 11, 1945 (C. Henne; L.A.M.). 152 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 123

FIGS. 41-46. Female genitalia. 41. Thyrinteina arnobia arnobia (Stoll), Nuevo Teutonia, Brazil, July 23, 1948 (Plaumann; A.M.N.H.). 42. T. unicornis, new species, paratype, Jamaica, January- April, 1927 (C. K. Russel; C.M.). 43. T. leucoceraea, new species, holotype, Hansa Humboldt, Brazil (U.S.N.M.). 44. T. schadeana Schaus, Tucuman, Argentina (U.S.N.M.). 45. Holochroa dissociaria dissociaria (Hulst), Southwestern Research Station of the American Museum of Natural History, Arizona, June 25, 1957 (M. Statham; A.M.N.H.). 46. H. unicolor (Druce), Colima, Mexico (allotype of Gloduria dyslogista Dyar; U.S.N.M.). BIBLIOGRAPHY BARNES, W., AND J. MCDUNNOUGH M6SCHLER, H. B. 1917a. Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal 1890. Die Lepidopteren-Fauna der insel Por- America. Decatur, Illinois, Herald torico. Abhandl. Senckenbergischen Press, vii+392 pp. Naturf. Gesell., vol. 16, pp. 69-360. 1917b. New species and varieties of Geometri- PACKARD, A. S., JR. dae. Contributions to the natural his- 1876. A monograph of the geometrid moths or tory of the Lepidoptera of North Amer- Phalaenidae of the United States. Rept. ica. Decatur, Illinois, the Review Press, U. S. Geol. Surv. Territories, F. V. Hay- vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 213-298, pls. 16-33. den, Geologist in Charge, vol. 10, 607 COMSTOCK, JOHN ADAMS pp., 12 pls. 1959. Notes on the early stages of Phaeoura SCEAUS, WILLIAM cristifera Hulst (Lepidoptera; Geometri- 1940. Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Is- dae). Bull. Southern California Acad. lands-Moths of the families Geometri- Sci., vol. 48, pp. 101-106. dae and Pyralididae. In Scientific survey ENGEL, HENRY of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. 1908. Early stages of North American moths. New York, New York Academy of Canadian Ent., vol. 40, pp. 120-124. Sciences, vol. 12, pt. 3, pp. 291-417. FERGUSON, D. C. SHOEMAKER, ERNEST, AND WM. T. DAVIS Proc. 1922. The moth Nacophora quernaria variety 1954. The Lepidoptera of Nova Scotia. atrescens (Lep.: Geometridae). Ent. Nova Scotian Inst. Sci., vol. 23, pp. 161- News, vol. 33, p. 310. 375, 16 pls. SMITE, JAMES EDWARD FORBES, WILLIAM T. M. 1797. The natural history of the rarer lepidop- 1948. Lepidoptera of New York and neighbor- terous insects of Georgia including their ing states. Part II. Mem. Cornell Univ. systematic characters, the particulars Agric. Exp. Sta., no. 274, 263 pp., 255 of their several metamorphoses, and the figs. plants on which they feed. Collected GUENiE, M. A. from the observations by John Abbot. 1857. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species London, T. Bensley, vol. 2, pp. 105-214, g6n6ral des l6pidopt6res. Paris, vol. 9, pls. 53-104. lvi+514 pp. TIETZ, HARRISON M. GUNDLAcH, DON JUAN 1952. The Lepidoptera of Pennsylvania. State 1891. Apuntes para la fauna Puerto-Riqueha. College, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania An. Soc. Espafiola Hist. Nat., vol. 20, State College, School of Agriculture, pp. 323-384. xii+194 pp., 1 fig. HUNTER, S. J. VIETTE, P. 1914. Department of Entomology of the Uni- 1950. Sur quelques esp6ces de geom6trides versity of Kansas-Historical account. d6scrites par Guenee (1857). Bull. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull., vol. 8, pp. Mens. Soc. Linn6enne, Lyon, yr. 19, pp. 3-61. 201-206.

153 PLATES 18-23 BULLETIN AMER. Mus. NAT. HIST. VOL. 123, PLATE 18

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I

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1. Betulodes crebraria (Guenee), male, Region Chapare, Bolivia, August, 1950, elevation 400 meters (A.M.N.H.) 2. Betulodes matharma (Druce), male, Barro Colorado, Canal Zone, February 3 (M. Bates; M.C.Z.) 3. Betulodes antennatissima (Dyar), male, Cuernevaca, Mexico, June, 1906 (U.S.N.M.) 4, 5. Betulodes crebraria (Guenee). 4. Male, Yahuarmayo, Peru, April, 1912, elevation 1200 feet (B.M.N.H.). 5. Female, Colombia (U.S.N.M.) 6, 7. Betulodes matharma (Druce). 6. Male, Bonda, Colombia, elevation 150 feet (H. H. Smith; B.M.N.H.). 7. Female, Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, February (Schaus and Barnes; U.S.N.M.) All figures natural size BULLETIN AMER. Mus. NAT. HIST. VOL. 123, PLATE 19

I 2

3 4 5

6

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1, 2. Betulodes euriceraea, new species. 1. Holotype, male, Zamora, Ecuador, elevation 3000-4000 feet (O. T. Baron; B.M.N.H.). 2. Paratype, male, Charaplaya, Bolivia, June, 1901, elevation 1300 meters (Simmons; B.M.N.H.) 3-6. Phaeoura quernaria (J. E. Smith). 3. Normal male, Orange Mountains, New Jersey, June 17 (F. Lemmer; A.M.N.H.). 4. Melanic male, Ocean County, New Jersey, June 15, 1952 (O. Buchholz; A.M.N.H.). 5. Normal female, Scotch Plains, New Jersey, June 17 (F. Lemmer; A.M.N.H.). 6. Melanic female, Ocean County, New Jersey, June 12, 1952 (O. Buchholz; A.M.N.H.) 7, 8. Phaeoura cristifera Hulst, Southwestern Research Station, Cochise County, Arizona, elevation 5400 feet (M. Statham; A.M.N.H.). 7. Male, July 26, 1957. 8. Female, July 21, 1957 ~~~~~~ 9, 10. Phaeoura cladonia (C. Felder, R. Felder, and Rogenhofer), San Angel, Distrito Federal, Mexico (C. C. Hoffmann; A.M.N.H.). 9. Male, July 22, 1911. 10. Female, August 8, 1912 11. Phaeoura kirkwoodi, new species, holotype, male, Pinery Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, July 8, 1956 (C. W. Kirkwood; A.M.N.H.) All figures natural size BULLETIN AMER. Mus. NAT. HIST. VOL. 123, PLATE 20

'i'e ej i VA>.;

3 4

i*. 401-...,.. .00 f AA--A'. -1 or .1 ;\ t ol IK,07 '. " -41 .9

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1. Phaeoura kirkwoodi, new species, paratype, female, upper camp, Pinery Canyon, Chiricahua Moun- tains, Cochise County, Arizona, July 5, 1956 (L. M. Martin, J. A. Comstock, W. A. Rees; A.M.N.H.) 2, 3. Phaeoura mexicanaria (Grote). 2. Male, Parks, Coconino County, Arizona, June 27, 1957 (L. M. Martin, R. J. Ford, W. A. Rees; A.M.N.H.). 3. Female, Reuter Canyon Camp, Crook County, Wyoming, July 13, 1959, elevation 6100 feet (F., P., and B. Rindge; A.M.N.H.) 4. Phaeoura ianthina, new species, holotype, male, La Polvosa, Chihuahua, Mexico, August 16, 1958, elevation 6400 feet (L. R. Commissaris; A.M.N.H.) 5, 6. Phaeoura spadix, new species. 5. Holotype, male, Acapulco, Mexico (U.S.N.M.). 6. Allotype, female, Ciudad de Guatemala (Rodriguez; B.M.N.H.) 7, 8. Phaeoura belua, new species. 7. Holotype, male, Southwestern Research Station, Cochise County, Arizona, May 5, 1956, elevation 5400 feet (M. Statham; A.M.N.H.). 8. Allotype, female, 6 miles east of Prescott, Arizona, May 28, 1949 (Crickmer; A.M.N.H.) All figures natural size BULLETIN AMER. Mus. NAT. HIST. VOL. 123, PLATE 21

l 2 f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 4

5 6 7 1, 2. Phaeoura perfidaria Barnes and McDunnough. 1. Male, Rock Creek Park, El Paso County, Colorado, June 3, 1955 (J. F. May; A.M.N.H.). 2. Female, Glenwood Springs, Colorado, June 24-30 (A.M.N.H.) 3. Phaeoura utahensis Cassino and Swett (?), male, Paradise, Arizona, July (A.M.N.H.) 4, 5. Phaeoura aetha, new species. 4. Holotype, male, Smoky Valley, Tulare County, California, June 23, 1947 (C. Ingham; A.M.N.H.). 5. Allotype, female, Smoky Valley, Tulare County, California, June 17, 1945, elevation 6300 feet (C. Henne; L.A.M.) 6. Thyrinteina arnobia arnobia (Stoll), male, Nuevo Teutonia, Brazil, April, 1953 (F. Plaumann; A.M.N.H.) 7. Phaeoura cana, new species, holotype, male, Camp Angelus, California, July 16, 1946 (N. Crickmer; A.M.N.H.) All figures natural size BULLETIN AMER. Mus. NAT. HIST. VOL. 123, PLATE 22

1. Thyrinteina arnobia arnobia (Stoll), female, Nuevo Teutonia, Brazil, July 23, 1949 (F. Plaumann; A.M.N.H.) 2, 3. Thyrinteina arnobia phala, new subspecies. 2. Holotype, male, Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico, September 12, 1952 (J. and D. Pallister; A.M.N.H.). 3. Paratype, female, Colonia Yucatan, Yucatan, Mexico, August 14, 1952 (J. and D. Pallister; A.M.N.H.) 4, 5. Thyrinteina arnobia quadricostaria (Herrich-Schaffer). 4. Male, Sierra Maestra, eastern Cuba, January 30,1930, elevation 1000 feet (0. Querci; A.M.N.H.). 5. Female, Guantanamo, Cuba, July 24,1909 (A.M.N.H.) 6, 7. Thyrinteina unicornis, new species. 6. Holotype, male, Phoenix Park, Moneague, Jamaica, February 26, 1957 (B. Heineman; A.M.N.H.). 7. Allotype, female, Flamstead, Jamaica, March, 1927 (C. K. Russel; C.M.) 8. Thyrinteina leucoceraea, new species, holotype, female, Hansa Humboldt, Santa Catherina, Brazil (U.S.N.M.) All figures natural size BULLETIN AMER. Mus. NAT. HIST. VOL. 123, PLATE 23

.4'.of 4 i. 1.

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1, 2. Thyrinteina schadeana Schaus. 1. Male, Jujuy, Jujuy Province, Argentina, April, 1949 (A.M.N.H.). The dark area on the right wings is a grease spot. 2. Female, Tucuman, Argentina (R. Schreiter; U.S.N.M.) 3, 8. Holochroa unicolor (Druce). 3. Male, no data (A.M.N.H.). 8. Female, Morelos, Mexico (Kruger; U.S.N.M.) 4, 5. Holochroa dissociaria dissociaria (Hulst), Southwestern Research Station, Cochise County, Arizona, elevation 5400 feet. 4. Male, August 9,1956 (E. Ordway; A.M.N.H.). 5. Female, June 19,1957 (M. Statham; A.M.N.H.) 6, 7. Holochroa dissociaria varia, new subspecies, Gran Quivira National Monument, Socorro County, New Mexico, July 14, 1958 (S. F. Wood; L.A.M.). 6. Paratype, male. 7. Allotype, female All figures natural size