DOCSLIB.ORG

Quark Dynamics and Constituent Masses in Heavy Quark Systems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

QUARK DYNAMICS AND CONSTITUENT MASSES IN HEAVY QUARK SYSTEMS A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Nicholas A. Souchlas August, 2009 Dissertation written by Nicholas A. Souchlas B.S., Patras University 2000 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2009 Approved by Dr. Peter Tandy , Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Declan Keane , Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. George Fai, Dr. John Portman, Dr. Anatoly Khitrin, Dr. Luthar Raichel, Accepted by Dr. Bryon Anderson, Chair, Department of Physics Dr. John R. D. Stalvey , Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii Table of Contents ListofFigures ................................... v ListofTables.................................... xii Acknowledgments.................................. xix 1 Introduction .................................. 1 1.1 QCDasatheoryofstronginteractions . 1 1.2 NonperturbativeQCDstudies . 4 2 QCD essentials ................................ 9 2.1 QCD Lagrangian density and generating functional. ...... 9 2.2 Two Dyson-Schwinger Equations: quark propagator gap equation and Bethe-Salpeter bound states equation. 12 2.3 Normalization and decay constants for pseudoscalar and vector mesons. 16 2.4 Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB) and confinement. ... 18 3 Dynamically dressed quark propagator ................. 27 3.1 Chiral symmetry and the axial vector Ward-Takahashi identity (AV WTI). ................................... 27 3.2 Rainbow-Ladder Truncation and the Maris-Tandy model. ..... 31 3.3 Gapequationsolution. .......................... 33 3.4 Quark propagator within meson dynamics. .. 42 3.5 Resultsforquarkoniamesons. 57 iii 4 A dressed quark propagator parametrization ............. 72 4.1 Complex conjugate mass pole parametrization. ..... 72 4.2 Meson masses using the 3ccp propagator representation. ....... 84 4.3 Meson electroweak decay constants using the 3ccp propagator repre- sentation. ................................. 94 5 The constituent mass concept for heavy quark mesons ....... 99 5.1 Definitionsofaheavyquarkmass.. 99 5.2 Studying heavy quark systems. 101 5.3 MT effective kernel and heavy quark mesons. 103 5.4 Mesonmasses................................ 104 5.5 Mesondecayconstants.. 112 5.6 The extreme heavy quark limit. 118 5.7 Roleofheavyquarkdressing. 122 5.8 An effective kernel with quark mass dependence. .... 132 5.9 Recovery of a qQ meson mass shell. 137 6 Remarks and Conclusions ......................... 139 References...................................... 144 iv List of Figures 3.1 σs and σv functions in the chiral limit using the MT and modified MT (mMT)model. .............................. 37 3.2 σs and σv functions for the u/d, s, c quark using modified MT model. Unstable behavior for all quarks starts at about 1 GeV 2, limiting ∼ − the use of the solutions in studying mesons lighter than 2 GeV. ... 38 3.3 σs and σv functions for the c quark on the real axis using the MT and mMT model. Unstable behavior for the c quark starts at about 1 GeV 2, but with the MT model we have stable solution deeper ∼ − inthetime-likeregionontherealaxis. 39 3.4 Re(A) for the c quark in a parabolic region in the complex plane (P 2 = 14 GeV 2, η=0.50) with integration over the gluon momentum (kcp). − There isn’t any unstable behavior or any singularities. In this plot and in the following ones the straight lines connecting the end-points have no significance and should be ignored. 44 3.5 Im(A) for the c quark in a parabolic region in the complex plane (P 2 = 14 GeV 2, η=0.50) with integration over the gluon momentum − (kcp). Im(A)hasasmoothbehaviortoo. 45 3.6 Re(M) for the c quark in a parabolic region in the complex plane (P 2 = 14 GeV 2, η=0.50) with integration over the gluon momentum − (kcp). Like in function A there isn’t any unstable behavior or any singularities................................. 46 v 3.7 Im(M) for the c quark in a parabolic region in the complex plane (P 2 = 14 GeV 2, η=0.50) with integration over the gluon momentum − (kcp). ................................... 47 2 3.8 Re(σs) for the c quark in a parabolic region in the complex plane (P = 14 GeV 2, η=0.50) with integration over the gluon momentum (kcp). − The peak of the parabolic region is at (ηP )2 = 3.5 GeV 2. There − isn’t any unstable behavior but we see indications of the existence of a pair of complex conjugate singularities near the peak of the region, approximately located at (x , y ) (-2.7, 3.5) GeV 2. The type of the o o ∼ ± singularitiesisunknown. 48 2 3.9 Im(σs) for the c quark in a parabolic region in the complex plane (P = 14 GeV 2, η=0.50) with integration over the gluon momentum (kcp). − We have the same singularities as in the real part and no instabilities. 49 3.10 Re(σs) for the c quark in a parabolic region in the complex plane (P 2 = 8 GeV 2, η=0.50) with integration over the gluon momen- − tum(kcp) and keeping only the first IR term of the kernel. The peak of the parabolic region is at (ηP )2 = 2.0 GeV 2. The solution is dif- − ferent but we still have the general characteristics of the solution from the complete MT model. The first pair of singularities approximately appear to be (x , y ) (-1.7, 2) GeV 2. ................. 50 o o ∼ ± vi 2 3.11 Projection of Re(σs) for the c quark onto the real plane xz (x=Re(q+), z=Re(σs)) with integration over the gluon momentum(kcp), with the complete MT model and keeping only the first term in the model. One can clearly see now that in the second case there is a shift of the singularities towards the space-like region. .... 51 3.12 Re(σs) for the c quark in a parabolic region in the complex plane (P 2 = 8 GeV 2, η=0.50) with integration over the gluon momentum − (kcp) and keeping only the UV term in the model. The peak of the parabolic region is at (ηP )2 = 2.0 GeV 2. The first singularity is on − the real axis around (x , y ) (-1.9, 0) GeV 2. ............. 53 o o ∼ 3.13 Re(σs) for the b quark in a parabolic region in the complex plane (P 2 = 72 GeV 2, η=0.50) with integration over the gluon momentum − (kcp) with the IR term of the model. The peak of the parabolic region is at (ηP )2 = 18.0 GeV 2. The first pair of singularities now appear − much closer to the space-like region and closer to the time-like real axis. Roughly their location is at (x , y ) (-17.2, 7.5) GeV 2. ... 55 o o ∼ ± 3.14 First Chebychev moment of the dominant invariant for the ss¯, cc¯, b¯b pseudoscalar systems, from the full MT model solution and the solution with only the IR term. For the b¯b quark system we also have an UV calculated amplitude since we can reach a mass shell even with only theweakerUVtailtermintheinteraction. 58 3.15 Plot of the full MT model and the model with only the IR or UV tail term. The IR term will mostly determine the strong behavior of the model for k2 < 1 GeV 2 and beyond that point the UV dominates. 60 vii 3.16 Plot of the product MT σ2 for the ss¯, cc¯, b¯b quark systems compared · s with the MT model behavior for external momentum p2 = 0. In all cases the propagator amplitude along the real axis is for the on-shell solution of the BSE. One can clearly see the increasing suppression imposed by the amplitude in the IR region and the decreasing sup- pression on the UV tail term, as the current quark mass increase. This IR suppression is mild compared to the other two cases since the am- plitude σs has also the mass function in the numerator, moderating the decrease of the amplitude. Same things are true for every p2 > 0 but there is a significant scale down as p2 increase.. 62 3.17 Plot of the product MT σ2 for the ss¯, cc¯, b¯b quark systems compared · v with the MT model behavior for external momentum p2 = 0 . In all cases the propagator amplitude along the real axis is for the on-shell solution of the BSE. Once again we see the increasing suppression imposed by the amplitude in the IR region and the same, for all cases after certain q2, suppression of the UV tail term, as the current quark 2 mass increase. Since the σv amplitude doesn’t also have the quark mass function in the numerator to moderate the decrease, we notice a much stronger suppression in the IR region as the current quark mass increase. This suppression extents somehow in the UV region, but for q2 > 10 GeV 2 is the same for all cases. Finally notice that for the s quark system we observe an enhancing effect for the MT model in the IR region. Same things are true for every p2 > 0 but there is a significant scale down as p2 increase. .................. 63 viii 3.18 Plot of the product MT σ σ for the ss¯, cc¯, b¯b quark systems compared · s · v with the MT model behavior for external momentum p2 = 0. In all cases the propagator amplitude along the real axis is for the on-shell solution of the BSE. As one would expect, from the two previous plots, the degree of the effects in the IR and UV region is somewhere between the degree of the effects of the other two terms. Same things are true for every p2 > 0 but there is a significant scale down as p2 increase. 64 4.1 Variation of the real parts of parameters mi (i=1,2,3) in the 3ccp rep- resentation, for current masses from the chiral limit up to 5.5GeV.
Recommended publications
  • B2.IV Nuclear and Particle Physics

    B2.IV Nuclear and Particle Physics

    B2.IV Nuclear and Particle Physics A.J. Barr February 13, 2014 ii Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Nuclear 3 2.1 Structure of matter and energy scales . 3 2.2 Binding Energy . 4 2.2.1 Semi-empirical mass formula . 4 2.3 Decays and reactions . 8 2.3.1 Alpha Decays . 10 2.3.2 Beta decays . 13 2.4 Nuclear Scattering . 18 2.4.1 Cross sections . 18 2.4.2 Resonances and the Breit-Wigner formula . 19 2.4.3 Nuclear scattering and form factors . 22 2.5 Key points . 24 Appendices 25 2.A Natural units . 25 2.B Tools . 26 2.B.1 Decays and the Fermi Golden Rule . 26 2.B.2 Density of states . 26 2.B.3 Fermi G.R. example . 27 2.B.4 Lifetimes and decays . 27 2.B.5 The flux factor . 28 2.B.6 Luminosity . 28 2.C Shell Model § ............................. 29 2.D Gamma decays § ............................ 29 3 Hadrons 33 3.1 Introduction . 33 3.1.1 Pions . 33 3.1.2 Baryon number conservation . 34 3.1.3 Delta baryons . 35 3.2 Linear Accelerators . 36 iii CONTENTS CONTENTS 3.3 Symmetries . 36 3.3.1 Baryons . 37 3.3.2 Mesons . 37 3.3.3 Quark flow diagrams . 38 3.3.4 Strangeness . 39 3.3.5 Pseudoscalar octet . 40 3.3.6 Baryon octet . 40 3.4 Colour . 41 3.5 Heavier quarks . 43 3.6 Charmonium . 45 3.7 Hadron decays . 47 Appendices 48 3.A Isospin § ................................ 49 3.B Discovery of the Omega § ......................
  • Effective Field Theories, Reductionism and Scientific Explanation Stephan

    Effective Field Theories, Reductionism and Scientific Explanation Stephan

    To appear in: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics Effective Field Theories, Reductionism and Scientific Explanation Stephan Hartmann∗ Abstract Effective field theories have been a very popular tool in quantum physics for almost two decades. And there are good reasons for this. I will argue that effec- tive field theories share many of the advantages of both fundamental theories and phenomenological models, while avoiding their respective shortcomings. They are, for example, flexible enough to cover a wide range of phenomena, and concrete enough to provide a detailed story of the specific mechanisms at work at a given energy scale. So will all of physics eventually converge on effective field theories? This paper argues that good scientific research can be characterised by a fruitful interaction between fundamental theories, phenomenological models and effective field theories. All of them have their appropriate functions in the research process, and all of them are indispens- able. They complement each other and hang together in a coherent way which I shall characterise in some detail. To illustrate all this I will present a case study from nuclear and particle physics. The resulting view about scientific theorising is inherently pluralistic, and has implications for the debates about reductionism and scientific explanation. Keywords: Effective Field Theory; Quantum Field Theory; Renormalisation; Reductionism; Explanation; Pluralism. ∗Center for Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, 817 Cathedral of Learning, Pitts- burgh, PA 15260, USA (e-mail: [email protected]) (correspondence address); and Sektion Physik, Universit¨at M¨unchen, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 M¨unchen, Germany. 1 1 Introduction There is little doubt that effective field theories are nowadays a very popular tool in quantum physics.
  • The Structure of Quarks and Leptons

    The Structure of Quarks and Leptons

    The Structure of Quarks and Leptons They have been , considered the elementary particles ofmatter, but instead they may consist of still smaller entities confjned within a volume less than a thousandth the size of a proton by Haim Harari n the past 100 years the search for the the quark model that brought relief. In imagination: they suggest a way of I ultimate constituents of matter has the initial formulation of the model all building a complex world out of a few penetrated four layers of structure. hadrons could be explained as combina­ simple parts. All matter has been shown to consist of tions of just three kinds of quarks. atoms. The atom itself has been found Now it is the quarks and leptons Any theory of the elementary particles to have a dense nucleus surrounded by a themselves whose proliferation is begin­ fl. of matter must also take into ac­ cloud of electrons. The nucleus in turn ning to stir interest in the possibility of a count the forces that act between them has been broken down into its compo­ simpler-scheme. Whereas the original and the laws of nature that govern the nent protons and neutrons. More recent­ model had three quarks, there are now forces. Little would be gained in simpli­ ly it has become apparent that the pro­ thought to be at least 18, as well as six fying the spectrum of particles if the ton and the neutron are also composite leptons and a dozen other particles that number of forces and laws were thereby particles; they are made up of the small­ act as carriers of forces.
  • Lecture 2 - Energy and Momentum

    Lecture 2 - Energy and Momentum

    Lecture 2 - Energy and Momentum E. Daw February 16, 2012 1 Energy In discussing energy in a relativistic course, we start by consid- ering the behaviour of energy in the three regimes we worked with last time. In the first regime, the particle velocity v is much less than c, or more precisely β < 0:3. In this regime, the rest energy ER that the particle has by virtue of its non{zero rest mass is much greater than the kinetic energy T which it has by virtue of its kinetic energy. The rest energy is given by Einstein's famous equation, 2 ER = m0c (1) So, here is an example. An electron has a rest mass of 0:511 MeV=c2. What is it's rest energy?. The important thing here is to realise that there is no need to insert a factor of (3×108)2 to convert from rest mass in MeV=c2 to rest energy in MeV. The units are such that 0.511 is already an energy in MeV, and to get to a mass you would need to divide by c2, so the rest mass is (0:511 MeV)=c2, and all that is left to do is remove the brackets. If you divide by 9 × 1016 the answer is indeed a mass, but the units are eV m−2s2, and I'm sure you will appreciate why these units are horrible. Enough said about that. Now, what about kinetic energy? In the non{relativistic regime β < 0:3, the kinetic energy is significantly smaller than the rest 1 energy.
  • Finite-Volume and Magnetic Effects on the Phase Structure of the Three-Flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio Model

    Finite-Volume and Magnetic Effects on the Phase Structure of the Three-Flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio Model

    PHYSICAL REVIEW D 99, 076001 (2019) Finite-volume and magnetic effects on the phase structure of the three-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model Luciano M. Abreu* Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil † Emerson B. S. Corrêa Faculdade de Física, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, 68505-080 Marabá, Pará, Brazil ‡ Cesar A. Linhares Instituto de Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20559-900 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Adolfo P. C. Malbouisson§ Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas/MCTI, 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Received 15 January 2019; revised manuscript received 27 February 2019; published 5 April 2019) In this work, we analyze the finite-volume and magnetic effects on the phase structure of a generalized version of Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model with three quark flavors. By making use of mean-field approximation and Schwinger’s proper-time method in a toroidal topology with antiperiodic conditions, we investigate the gap equation solutions under the change of the size of compactified coordinates, strength of magnetic field, temperature, and chemical potential. The ’t Hooft interaction contributions are also evaluated. The thermodynamic behavior is strongly affected by the combined effects of relevant variables. The findings suggest that the broken phase is disfavored due to both the increasing of temperature and chemical potential and the drop of the cubic volume of size L, whereas it is stimulated with the augmentation of magnetic field. In particular, the reduction of L (remarkably at L ≈ 0.5–3 fm) engenders a reduction of the constituent masses for u,d,s quarks through a crossover phase transition to the their corresponding current quark masses.
  • Properties of Baryons in the Chiral Quark Model

    Properties of Baryons in the Chiral Quark Model

    Properties of Baryons in the Chiral Quark Model Tommy Ohlsson Teknologie licentiatavhandling Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan¨ Stockholm 1997 Properties of Baryons in the Chiral Quark Model Tommy Ohlsson Licentiate Dissertation Theoretical Physics Department of Physics Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden 1997 Typeset in LATEX Akademisk avhandling f¨or teknologie licentiatexamen (TeknL) inom ¨amnesomr˚adet teoretisk fysik. Scientific thesis for the degree of Licentiate of Engineering (Lic Eng) in the subject area of Theoretical Physics. TRITA-FYS-8026 ISSN 0280-316X ISRN KTH/FYS/TEO/R--97/9--SE ISBN 91-7170-211-3 c Tommy Ohlsson 1997 Printed in Sweden by KTH H¨ogskoletryckeriet, Stockholm 1997 Properties of Baryons in the Chiral Quark Model Tommy Ohlsson Teoretisk fysik, Institutionen f¨or fysik, Kungliga Tekniska H¨ogskolan SE-100 44 Stockholm SWEDEN E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In this thesis, several properties of baryons are studied using the chiral quark model. The chiral quark model is a theory which can be used to describe low energy phenomena of baryons. In Paper 1, the chiral quark model is studied using wave functions with configuration mixing. This study is motivated by the fact that the chiral quark model cannot otherwise break the Coleman–Glashow sum-rule for the magnetic moments of the octet baryons, which is experimentally broken by about ten standard deviations. Configuration mixing with quark-diquark components is also able to reproduce the octet baryon magnetic moments very accurately. In Paper 2, the chiral quark model is used to calculate the decuplet baryon ++ magnetic moments. The values for the magnetic moments of the ∆ and Ω− are in good agreement with the experimental results.
  • Quark Structure of Pseudoscalar Mesons Light Pseudoscalar Mesons Can Be Identified As (Almost) Goldstone Bosons

    Quark Structure of Pseudoscalar Mesons Light Pseudoscalar Mesons Can Be Identified As (Almost) Goldstone Bosons

    International Journal of Modern Physics A, c❢ World Scientific Publishing Company QUARK STRUCTURE OF PSEUDOSCALAR MESONS THORSTEN FELDMANN∗ Fachbereich Physik, Universit¨at Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20 D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany I review to which extent the properties of pseudoscalar mesons can be understood in terms of the underlying quark (and eventually gluon) structure. Special emphasis is put on the progress in our understanding of η-η′ mixing. Process-independent mixing parameters are defined, and relations between different bases and conventions are studied. Both, the low-energy description in the framework of chiral perturbation theory and the high-energy application in terms of light-cone wave functions for partonic Fock states, are considered. A thorough discussion of theoretical and phenomenological consequences of the mixing approach will be given. Finally, I will discuss mixing with other states 0 (π , ηc, ...). 1. Introduction The fundamental degrees of freedom in strong interactions of hadronic matter are quarks and gluons, and their behavior is controlled by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). However, due to the confinement mechanism in QCD, in experiments the only observables are hadrons which appear as complex bound systems of quarks and gluons. A rigorous analytical solution of how to relate quarks and gluons in QCD to the hadronic world is still missing. We have therefore developed effective descriptions that allow us to derive non-trivial statements about hadronic processes from QCD and vice versa. It should be obvious that the notion of quark or gluon structure may depend on the physical context. Therefore one aim is to find process- independent concepts which allow a comparison of different approaches.
  • The Standard Model and Beyond Maxim Perelstein, LEPP/Cornell U

    The Standard Model and Beyond Maxim Perelstein, LEPP/Cornell U

    The Standard Model and Beyond Maxim Perelstein, LEPP/Cornell U. NYSS APS/AAPT Conference, April 19, 2008 The basic question of particle physics: What is the world made of? What is the smallest indivisible building block of matter? Is there such a thing? In the 20th century, we made tremendous progress in observing smaller and smaller objects Today’s accelerators allow us to study matter on length scales as short as 10^(-18) m The world’s largest particle accelerator/collider: the Tevatron (located at Fermilab in suburban Chicago) 4 miles long, accelerates protons and antiprotons to 99.9999% of speed of light and collides them head-on, 2 The CDF million collisions/sec. detector The control room Particle Collider is a Giant Microscope! • Optics: diffraction limit, ∆min ≈ λ • Quantum mechanics: particles waves, λ ≈ h¯/p • Higher energies shorter distances: ∆ ∼ 10−13 cm M c2 ∼ 1 GeV • Nucleus: proton mass p • Colliders today: E ∼ 100 GeV ∆ ∼ 10−16 cm • Colliders in near future: E ∼ 1000 GeV ∼ 1 TeV ∆ ∼ 10−17 cm Particle Colliders Can Create New Particles! • All naturally occuring matter consists of particles of just a few types: protons, neutrons, electrons, photons, neutrinos • Most other known particles are highly unstable (lifetimes << 1 sec) do not occur naturally In Special Relativity, energy and momentum are conserved, • 2 but mass is not: energy-mass transfer is possible! E = mc • So, a collision of 2 protons moving relativistically can result in production of particles that are much heavier than the protons, “made out of” their kinetic
  • 3/2/15 -3/4/15 Week, Ken Intriligator's Phys 4D Lecture Outline • the Principle of Special Relativity Is That All of Physics

    3/2/15 -3/4/15 Week, Ken Intriligator's Phys 4D Lecture Outline • the Principle of Special Relativity Is That All of Physics

    3/2/15 -3/4/15 week, Ken Intriligator’s Phys 4D Lecture outline The principle of special relativity is that all of physics must transform between • different inertial frames such that all are equally valid. No experiment can tell Alice or Bob which one is moving, as long as both are in inertial frames (so vrel = constant). As we discussed, if aµ = (a0,~a) and bµ = (b0,~b) are any 4-vectors, they transform • with the usual Lorentz transformation between the lab and rocket frames, and a b · ≡ a0b0 ~a ~b is a Lorentz invariant quantity, called a 4-scalar. We’ve so far met two examples − · of 4-vectors: xµ (or dxµ) and kµ. Some other examples of 4-scalars, besides ∆s2: mass m, electric charge q. All inertial • observers can agree on the values of these quantities. Also proper time, dτ ds2/c2. ≡ Next example: 4-velocity uµ = dxµ/dτ = (γ, γ~v). Note d = γ d . Thep addition of • dτ dt velocities formula becomes the usual Lorentz transformation for 4-velocity. In a particle’s own rest frame, uµ = (1,~0). Note that u u = 1, in any frame of reference. uµ can · be physically interpreted as the unit tangent vector to a particle’s world-line. All ~v’s in physics should be replaced with uµ. In particular, ~p = m~v should be replaced with pµ = muµ. Argue pµ = (E/c, ~p) • from their relation to xµ. So E = γmc2 and ~p = γm~v. For non-relativistic case, E ≈ 2 1 2 mc + 2 m~v , so rest-mass energy and kinetic energy.
  • Arxiv:1702.08417V3 [Hep-Ph] 31 Aug 2017

    Arxiv:1702.08417V3 [Hep-Ph] 31 Aug 2017

    Strong couplings and form factors of charmed mesons in holographic QCD Alfonso Ballon-Bayona,∗ Gast~aoKrein,y and Carlisson Millerz Instituto de F´ısica Te´orica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Dr. Bento Teobaldo Ferraz, 271 - Bloco II, 01140-070 S~aoPaulo, SP, Brazil We extend the two-flavor hard-wall holographic model of Erlich, Katz, Son and Stephanov [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 261602 (2005)] to four flavors to incorporate strange and charm quarks. The model incorporates chiral and flavor symmetry breaking and provides a reasonable description of masses and weak decay constants of a variety of scalar, pseudoscalar, vector and axial-vector strange and charmed mesons. In particular, we examine flavor symmetry breaking in the strong couplings of the ρ meson to the charmed D and D∗ mesons. We also compute electromagnetic form factors of the π, ρ, K, K∗, D and D∗ mesons. We compare our results for the D and D∗ mesons with lattice QCD data and other nonperturbative approaches. I. INTRODUCTION are taken from SU(4) flavor and heavy-quark symmetry relations. For instance, SU(4) symmetry relates the cou- There is considerable current theoretical and exper- plings of the ρ to the pseudoscalar mesons π, K and D, imental interest in the study of the interactions of namely gρDD = gKKρ = gρππ=2. If in addition to SU(4) charmed hadrons with light hadrons and atomic nu- flavor symmetry, heavy-quark spin symmetry is invoked, clei [1{3]. There is special interest in the properties one has gρDD = gρD∗D = gρD∗D∗ = gπD∗D to leading or- of D mesons in nuclear matter [4], mainly in connec- der in the charm quark mass [27, 28].
  • Analysis of Pseudoscalar and Scalar $D$ Mesons and Charmonium

    Analysis of Pseudoscalar and Scalar $D$ Mesons and Charmonium

    PHYSICAL REVIEW C 101, 015202 (2020) Analysis of pseudoscalar and scalar D mesons and charmonium decay width in hot magnetized asymmetric nuclear matter Rajesh Kumar* and Arvind Kumar† Department of Physics, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar 144011 Punjab, India (Received 27 August 2019; revised manuscript received 19 November 2019; published 8 January 2020) In this paper, we calculate the mass shift and decay constant of isospin-averaged pseudoscalar (D+, D0 ) +, 0 and scalar (D0 D0 ) mesons by the magnetic-field-induced quark and gluon condensates at finite density and temperature of asymmetric nuclear matter. We have calculated the in-medium chiral condensates from the chiral SU(3) mean-field model and subsequently used these condensates in QCD sum rules to calculate the effective mass and decay constant of D mesons. Consideration of external magnetic-field effects in hot and dense nuclear matter lead to appreciable modification in the masses and decay constants of D mesons. Furthermore, we also ψ ,ψ ,χ ,χ studied the effective decay width of higher charmonium states [ (3686) (3770) c0(3414) c2(3556)] as a 3 by-product by using the P0 model, which can have an important impact on the yield of J/ψ mesons. The results of the present work will be helpful to understand the experimental observables of heavy-ion colliders which aim to produce matter at finite density and moderate temperature. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.101.015202 I. INTRODUCTION debateable topic. Many theories suggest that the magnetic field produced in HICs does not die immediately due to the Future heavy-ion colliders (HIC), such as the Japan Proton interaction of itself with the medium.
  • INTELLIGENCE, the FOUNDATION of MATTER Albert Hoffmann

    INTELLIGENCE, the FOUNDATION of MATTER Albert Hoffmann

    INTELLIGENCE, THE FOUNDATION OF MATTER Albert Hoffmann To cite this version: Albert Hoffmann. INTELLIGENCE, THE FOUNDATION OF MATTER. 2020. halshs-02458460 HAL Id: halshs-02458460 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02458460 Submitted on 28 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. INTELLIGENCE, THE FOUNDATION OF MATTER (by Albert Hoffmann – 2019) [01] All the ideas presented in this article are based on the writings of Jakob Lorber who between 1840 until his death in 1864 wrote 25 volumes under divine inspiration. This monumental work is referred to as the New Revelation (NR) and the books can be read for free online at the Internet Archive at https://archive.org/details/BeyondTheThreshold. It contains the most extraordinary deepest of wisdom ever brought to paper and touches on every conceivable subject of life. Internationally renowned statistician, economist and philosopher E.F. Schumacher who became famous for his best-seller “Small is Beautiful”, commented about the NR in his book “A Guide for the Perplexed” as follows: "They (the books of the NR) contain many strange things which are unacceptable to modern mentality, but at the same time contain such plethora of high wisdom and insight that it would be difficult to find anything more impressive in the whole of world literature." (1977).