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THE AMERICAN LEGION JULY 1976 MAGAZINE JULY 1976 Volume 101, Number 1 National Commander Harry G. Wiles Table of Confents CHANGE OF ADDRESS Subscribers, please notify Circulation Dept., CANCER CAMPAIGN NEARS GOAL 4 P. O. Box 1934, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 "Quota" of dime per member is established using Form 3578 which is available at your local post office. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code THE BEST IS YET TO COME! 6 number and current membership card num- BY NAT'L CMDR. HARRY G. WILES ber. Also, notify your Post Adjutant or other officer charged with Commander's Bicentennial message to the American Legion such responsibilities.

POW FOURTH OF JULY 8 The American Legion Magazine BY JOE CONSOLMAGNO Editorial & Production Offices Clock is turned back 32 years to stalag in Nazi Germany 1608 "K" Street, N. W. Washington, D.C. 20006 202-393-4811 WHAT KIND OF ... A MAN WAS GEORGE WASHINGTON? 10 (New York direct line) 212-586-3460 Jefferson letter adds insight on father of our country Office of Publisher 1345 Avenue of the Americas THEY PUT IT ON THE LINE 12 New York. N.Y. 10019 BY T. R. FEHRENBACH 212-586-3110 Signers of the Declaration of Independence paid heavy price Advertising Sales SIGN! SIGN! Robert Redden Associates, Inc. YOU ARE FREE! 15 P. O. Box 999 Patrick Henry's eloquent plea to Continental Congress Teaneck, N.J. 07666 201-837-5511 BICENTENNIAL LANDMARK: 1776 IN CALIFORNIA 17 Publisher, James F. 0*Neil Editor, Raymond J. McHugh JOHN PAUL JONES, 'ROMMEL' OF THE REVOLUTION ... 18 BY Senior Editor, Grail S. Hanford GENE GLEASON Managing Editor, Frank Kuest American naval hero captured imagination of London American Legion News Editor Ralph E. Risley SHOULD THE RAILROAD INDUSTRY BE FEDERALLY An Editor, Walter H. Boll Production Manager, John A. Stanley SUBSIDIZED? 22 Circulation Manager, Dean B. Nelson pro: sen. CLIFFORD P. CASE (R-NJ) Indianapolis. Ind. con: sen. ROBERT TAFT, JR. (R-OH) The American Legion DEFENSE CHIEF SPEAKS OUT FOR NEW WEAPONS 26 Magazine Commission: BY DEFENSE SECY DONALD H. RUMSFELD Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn U.S. still strongest nation, he maintains, but Soviets have gained (Chairman): Milford A. Forrester, Green ville, S.C. (Vice Chairman); James R. Kel ley, Radnor, Pa. (National Commander't OFF THE HIGHWAY: NEBRASKA'S CHIMNEY ROCK 38 Representative) ; Billy Anderson, Miami, Fla. Lang Armstrong, Spokane, Wash.; Norman Biebel, Belleville, III.; Adolph Bremer, Winona, Minn.; B. C. Connelly, Hunting Cover Pbofo ton, W. Va.; Andrew J. Cooper, Gulf Shores, Ala.; Raymond Fields, Oklahoma Pulitzer Prize cartoonist Bill City, Okla.; Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.. James V. Kissner, Palatine, III.; Russell H Mauldin has re-created his fa- Laird, Des Moines, Iowa; Henry S. Lemay Lancaster, Ohio; Loyd McDermott, Benton mous World War II characters Ark.; Morris Meyer, Starkville, Miss.; J. H Willy and Joe in this Bicenten- Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Robert F. Mur phy, Chelmsford, Mass.; Robert A. Okeson nial American Legion Magazine Diamond Bar, Cal.; Floyd J. Rogers, To — peka, Kans.; Harry H. Schaffer, Pittsburgh cover a salute to the veterans Pa.; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind.; Frank of all wars who helped the na- C. Love, Syracuse, N.Y. (Consultant), Ed ward McSweeney, New York, N.Y. (Con tion reach its 200th anniversary. sultant)

other photo credits this month include UPI, The American Legion Magazine is owned and Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge, Engrav- published monthly by The American Legion. ing by Asher B. Durand from original painting Copyright 1976 by The American Legion. by J. Trumbull, Chappel, Harper's Magazine Second class postage paid at Indianapolis. 1853, Amherst College Collection. San D'eno Convention <£ Visitors Bureau. Shirley Star- Ind., 46204 and additional mailing offices. buck, U.S. Naval Academy Photoiravh, U.S. Price: single copy, 30 cents; yearly sub- Airforce Photograph. Warren H. Spencer. scription, $3.00. Direct inquiries regarding circulation to: Circulation Department, P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

Deparfmenfs Send editorial and advertising material to: The American Legion Magazine, 1608 **K" Street. N. W., Washington, D.C. 20006. NOTES ON OUR DESK 2 DATELINE WASHINGTON 42 LEHERS TO EDITOR 3 PERSONAL 44 NON-MEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS BOOKS THAT MAHER 5 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 46 Send name and address, including ZIP VETERANS NEWSLEHER 29 LEGION SHOPPER 47 number, with S3.00 check or money order to Circulation Dept., P.O. Box NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION. . .30 PARTING SHOTS 48 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

Monuscripts, artwork, cortoons submitred for consideration will not be returned unless a self-ad- Microfilm copies of current and back is- dressed, stomped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. sues of The American Legion Magazine are available through: Universitv Micro- nndeliverable, POfiST'lVr A €5TTri? • please send Form 3579 to: films, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, Mich. ' ITA^iO X MlilV , * p. o. Box 1934, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. 48106.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 NOTES ON OUR DESK

On the Fourth of July, Joseph No nation on earth has done more Dronan will hoist the Stars and or given more for others. Stripes over his house on Hill Street "The poem of Emma Lazarus on in Monrovia, CA. If he's fortunate, The Statue of Liberty says it all: two sons will be home on leave from . . Give me your tired, your 'poor, Stockdale Norris a Marine Corps base and a nuclear Your huddled masses yearning to submarine to join two younger breathe free. brothers and a 17-year-old sister The wretched refuse of your teem- who's itching to get into the Air ing shore. Force. Send these, the homeless, tempest- On April 19, Dronan ran up two tost to me, flags—the Stars and Stripes and the I lift my lamp beside the golden flag of his native Ireland. Easter door!' Monday was Irish Independence "Americans. Hold your banner Day. Then he sat down and wrote a aloft with just pride. Hold high your letter to The American Legion Mag- heads, for in you there is goodness azine as "a foreigner" hoping to "in- and friendship and love for all, spire more Americans and all others friend and foe alike; for it is not Day Sijan that live and work in the United nations that make men and women States to appreciate what they have great, it is men and women that A Legion Salute and what they may see every day make nations great. in the flag." "GOD BLESS AMERICANS!" To 4 New Heroes He didn't know it, but he was Thank you Mr. Dronan. writing our Bicentennial Fourth of This Bicentennial Fourth is an July editorial. We couldn't say it Battle of Midivay appropriate moment for an Amer- half well: as Comes to Screen ican Legion salute to the four "April 19 is Irish Independence latest recipients of the Congres- The battle of Midway, turning Day," he began, "but every day in sional Medal of Honor, the nation's point of World War II in the Pacific, America is Independence Day. highest military decoration. The is the subject of a major new movie. "When I see the United States awards were made by President Universal Studios calls it the first flag in a parade, with its guard of Ford to four heroes of actions in major war picture in years. honor, or see it raised at sunrise Vietnam; one was posthumous. The Billed as a salute to the Bicenten- and lowered with the sunset, I get recipients are: nial and scheduled for release this a spine-tingling feeling . . . goose- Rear Admiral James Bond Stock- summer, the film will star Charlton bumps . . . sometimes a lump in my dale, USN, 52, a native of Abingdon, Heston. Henry Fonda will portray throat and a tear in my eye. IL, for heroism as the senior naval Adm. Chester W. Nimitz; Robert "One doesn't have to be born here officer in captivity. Mitchum is Adm. William "BuU" to love that flag. Lieutenant Thomas R. Norris, Halsey, Glenn Ford is Adm. Ray- "In it I see the great oceans, the USNR, Ret., of Silver Spring, MD, mond Spruance. lakes, the rivers, the mountains and for making repeated attempts to Midway has been called the most forests, the deserts hot and barren, rescue two pilots downed inside significant naval battle since Tra- and I see the great highways and enemy territory and eventually re- falgar. In his book "Incredible Vic- railroads passing through little ham- turning them to safety. tory," Walter Lord wrote: lets and big cities. Colonel George E. Day, USAF, of "The U.S. had no battleships, the "But I see other things, too . . . Eglin AFB, FL, for conspicuous gal- Japanese 11. The U.S. had eight my five children born free ... I see lantry at the risk of his own life cruisers, Yamamoto 23. And the people of every walk of life, every while a prisoner of war. U.S. had only three carriers (one of creed and color ... I see my sons in Captain Lance F. Sijan, USAF, them crippled) ; their enemies had uniform and all those in the armed posthumous. eight. . . . forces who serve night and day. . . . While on a flight over North "The U.S. had no right to win. "An old Irish proverb says: 'From Vietnam, Nov. 9, 1967, Captain Yet they did . . . Midway showed the graves of patriot men and Sijan ejected from his disabled air- that every once in a while 'what women spring living nations.' craft and successfully evaded cap- must be' need not be at all." "If God is to judge nations, as He ture for more than six weeks, surely does man, then this self- although seriously injured and suf- sacrificing and most generous of all Books That Matter fering from loss of blood. After countries will wear the brightest The American Legion Magazine capture, he was tortured during long crown in the seventh heaven of eter- this month introduces a new column, periods of interrogation but refused nity; so much has she given of "Books That Matter," which wiU steadfastly to give the enemy any herself to others, individuals and mention books and writers of special information. He subsequently died nations; often with little or no interest to Legionnaires. The feature in prison. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. thanks, sometimes repaid even with is directed by Grail Hanford, senior Sylvester Sijan of Milwaukee, ac- bitterness, jealousy, spite and hate. editor. See page 5. cepted his medal.

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 Letters to the Editor Fallen Soldier's Son Ponders the Sacrifice Sir: The article "Korea Revisited" we brought the Marines to Pusan on (April) stirred a different kind of Christmas Day, 1950. memory for me. My father, Sgt. Raymond K. Conovers Arthur E. Reasor, and his tank crew Freehold, NJ were in action in 1950 in the "Bowl- Sir: When will we learn that ing Alley." When their tank was dis- too far to the right is just abled they tried to escape, but one as bad as too far to the left? by one they were killed by sniper We subsidize fascist-style governments and this Restored Pyle Home fire. I was 21/2 years old at the time; encourages my sister was ten months (father communism rather than prevents it. saw her only once) and my brother Ernie Pyle Melvin S. was 6. We were told that dad was Frank Niles, OH buried in a shallow grave near Remembered Taegu. A year later a body was re- Sir: The American Legion needs the turned home for a military funeral. fine young men whom we sent to Ernie pyle, the G.I.'s very own Mom raised us three kids on a Vietnam and brought home without correspondent during World War $250 a month pension. There's not fanfare. Let's get out of the post II, will never be forgotten by millions much glory in this and it was a ter- and recruit them in the colleges, the of American servicemen and their rific battle for one woman. She died community outreach centers, the families. in 1964 when I was 16. Now all that churches and at their jobs. The fu- Now the State of Indiana and the remains is dad's Purple Heart, put ture of the organization lies with Indiana Department of The Ameri- away in a safe place, and fond them. can Legion are remembering him memories of home. But those two Bill Lowden with the restoration of his birthplace people gave America an engineer, a Escondido, CA at Dana, a small community of about schoolteacher and a happily married 400 persons in western Indiana. housewife. Sir: Treasury Sec'y William Simon Ernest Taylor "Ernie" Pyle was Someday I would like to visit (May) is wrong. The tax revolt born in a house owned in recent "that peaceful valley where Korea's is not "brewing," it is here! years by the James Elders. The finest rice grows." I'd like to pay a Thousands of people are refusing to house, on a farm about two miles little respect to my father who gave finance corrupt government with outside of Dana, had become the me the opportunity to live a life in "voluntary" income tax dollars. target of vandals and has been un- a free and democratic country. I Mrs. Harold Kraupie occupied for some time. seriously hope that he died trying Bridgeport, NE Mrs. James Elder, the current to promote that same kind of life Sir: One question for Treasury owner, agreed to donate the structure for the people of Korea. Sec'y William Simon (May) : Is he to Indiana provided it was moved Phillip S. Reasor going to eliminate double taxation from the farm into Dana, where it Danville, IL on corporation profits—this taxing has been restored. The Legion's De- of corporations, then taxing the partment of Indiana raised the res- Editor's note: Mr. Reasor ser- shareholders on the same money toration costs with the assistance of ved in the Navy from 1967 to when they receive dividends? the Lilly Endowment, Inc. The In- 1911. He is a member of Amer- Selden S. Stone diana Legislature has voted to main- ican Legion Post 211 in Paris, IL. Weirton, WV tain the home in perpetuity. Legion Commander Harry G. Sir: American Legion posts con- Sir: In "Korea Revisited" (April) Wiles will dedicate the house on centrate too much on social activi- Sterling Slappey says Inchon did July 3. ties, too little on Americanism. The not become famous until Gen. Mac- It has been restored as it was in menace of communism is real and Arthur's landing in 1950. I remind 1900, the year Pyle was born, with increasing daily. Read Solzhenitsyn. him that in September 1945, the a basement added where Pyle mem- The West is sticking its head in the Army's XXIV Corps sailed from orabilia will be displayed. sand. Vigilance is the price of lib- Okinawa to Inchon to disarm Jap- Ernie Pyle, writing for the Scripps- erty. anese forces in Korea. We found one Howard newspapers, became the Ray J. GuTH Japanese detachment drawn up on chronicler of the American G.I. of Rochester, NY the landing stage, at attention, but World War II. He wrote in trenches, with their backs turned to us and Sir: We should expand our armed foxholes, in the tail of a B-17, on the their rifles slung barrel-down. forces reserve system to include lim- deck of a mine sweeper, from Europe Albert J. Hassett, Jr. ited service personnel who could to Africa to the Pacific. Woodside, NY release combat forces in any emer- He died, as he lived, in a Pacific gency. I hope the American Legion island foxhole on le Shima in 1945. will support such a proposal. Sir: I was disappointed that "Ko- ceive $100 a month pensions (or George C. Eardley rea Revisited" (April) did not more) regardless of any other in- Albuquerque, NM mention my ship, USS Bayfield, APA come. 33. We were at Inchon, Wonson, Sir: Congress should allow all vet- Electra Pearson Chinnanpo, Homhung-Hungpo and erans and their dependents to re- Ranger, TX

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 3 ; ;

Cancer Goal CAN YOU SPARE A DIME?

DIME FROM each member of the $9,963.99 ; California $32,562.25 ; Ca-

A ; American Legion and the nal Zone $853.80 Colorado $9,000.43 American Legion Auxihary between Connecticut $9,750.10; Delaware $1,- now and Aug. 20 will send the Le- 907; District of Columbia $4,608.30; gion's American Cancer Fund drive Florida $27,239.78; Georgia $24,- past the million-dollar goal by the 929.15; Hawaii $1,213; Idaho $2,870; time of the national convention. lUinois $25,842.80; Indiana $36,238.- National Commander Harry Wiles 92; Iowa $20,345.63; Kansas $16,- and Auxiliary President Mrs. Lotys 440.32; Kentucky $9,592.30; Schanel both predicted "victory" in Louisiana $11,750.22; Maine one of the organizations' biggest $6,570.63; Maryland $21,646.60; joint fund-raising efforts. Massachusetts $18,249.64; Michigan At the close of the National Exec- $16,682.10; Minnesota $27,090.59; utive Committee meeting in Indian- Mississippi $3,453.35; Missouri $21,- apolis on May 7, Legion membership 396.20; Montana $3,584.23; Nebraska stood at approximately 2,620,000; $18,101.73; Nevada $2,019.40; New Auxiliary membership was about Hampshire $4,464.90; New Jersey 915,250. $37,744.49; New Mexico $6,439.42; The NEC meeting saw Wiles re- New York $135,061.49; North Caro- ceive contributions totaling $22,249. lina $11,886.18; North Dakota $9,- Leonard E. Baxter, New York de- 565.92; Ohio $50,847.65; Oklahoma partment commander, presented a $8,538.79; check for bringing that de- Oregon Pennsylvania $17,700, $8,083.89 ; partment's total contribution to more $30,224.86; Puerto Rico $4,056.77; than $140,000—one-sixth of the na- Rhode Island $2,835.76; South Caro-

tional total. lina $6,135.01 ; South Dakota $8,115

Immediate Past Commander James Tennessee $7,050.91 ; Texas $23,998.- M. Wagonseller presented a check 25; Utah $2,089.40; Vermont $3,- for $2,500 from his Post 11, Lancas- 803.09; Virginia $8,541.23; ter, OH. Post 111, Tampa, FL, do- Washington $11,570.10; West Vir- nated $5,000. ginia $6,849.82; Wisconsin $16,457.- Contributions by departments as 06; Wyoming $3,705.50; Philippines of the NEC meeting were: $121; Canada $11; Mexico $296.20; Alabama $14,858.23; Alaska $5,- France $1,533; Italy $115. 014; Arizona $7,296.07; Arkansas Grand total: $817,512.45.

filVF TO THE AMERICAN LEGION J fSriAr CANCER FUND FOR THE Q IMUWamERICAN CANCER SOCIETY^^

American Legion National Headquarters P.O. Box 1055 Indianapolis, IN 46206 Amount Enclosed $_ Tvarscki Vodka Here is my contribution to The American Legion and American Legion Auxiliary Cancer Fund for thie American Cancer Society. NAME (Print clearly)

TV— short for TVarscki. ADDRESS -

Tvarscki is as crisp, clear and dry as any premium vodka. At an un-premium price. LEGION POST (Number and State) Vodka-drinking Americans AUXILIARY UNIT (Number and State) who insist on value — without stinting on quality — SONS OF THE AMERICAN LEGiON SQUADRON (Number and State) are switching to TV. And that's the picture (Checks should be made payable to "The American Legion for the account of the Ameri- all over the U.S.A. can Cancer Society" and mailed to Treasurer, The American Legion, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, IN 46206. Contributions also may be made through local Posts for forward- ing to National Headquarters. Contributions are tax deductible. Do not send cash through 80 - 90 • iOO proof the mails.) The American DLsuiiing Co.. New York, N.Y.

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 — !

BOOKS HENRY MORGAN SAYS: "Good appliance THAT MATTER repairmen are Who's Hiring Who, by Richard Lathrop. Reston Pub. Co., Reston, scarcer than VA, soft cover, 237 pp. $6.95. Business conditions may be get- ting doctors who much better, but there are still a lot of Americans out of a job. The author, director of the Nat'l Center mal

Sounds interesting. Send me your free book on Professional Appliance Servic- Rust in Peace, by Bruce Adams. ing. I understand that there is no obligation, and no salesman w/ill call. Antipodean Pub., Sydney, Australia, 238 pp. $20. Name. -Age. (Please Print) World War II servicemen who saw action in the South Pacific will Address. appreciate this pictorial return to City- the battlegrounds where they served, -State -Zip- and where rusting relics of war still ACCREDITED MEMBER NATIONAL HOME STUDY COUNCIL dot the landscape. Grail Hanford

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 ;

The Commander's Message The Best Is Yet To Come

YWT'H.AT DOES the National Commander of The Amer- rights against tyrannies far more formidable than ican Legion write to his comrades on the 200th that of George III. anniversary of the Declaration of Independence? The responsibility in America's third century will Does he sing the praises of the men who gathered in not be measured by military power alone, important Philadelphia in 1776? as that is. It will be measured by leadership, imagina- Does he recite the exploits of a nation that grew from tion, a willingness to share our technological genius with the depths of adversity to pinnacles beyond the stars? people of other nations so they, too, can share the sense

Does he speak of old soldiers and old wars and fading of accomplishment we have enjoyed . . . the eagerness memories of glory? for tomorrow.

Or does he speak about tomorrow . . . about the next It will be measured by our ability to continue to

100 years that face Americans; to be more precise, unravel the problems of racial and ethnic diversity ; our about the next few years that can decide the course of ability to challenge our youth with dreams of greatness centuries ? our ability to bring meaning and comfort to the lives When it was founded 57 years ago, The American of our aging citizens; our ability to marry our thirst Legion was dedicated to its own extinction. Its members for material progress to ecological and environmental had just fought the "war to end all wars." They banded realities. together to insure the cause of peace "for God and We arrive at our Bicentennial at a moment of doubt Country." and confusion. Watergate and the tragedy of Indochina That was three wars ago—four if we count the unre- have spawned peculiar anti-American voices in Wash- lenting "cold war" with the Soviet Union that keeps a ington, in the media, in our universities. Political fig- quarter million of our sons on station from the fjords ures even question our ability to continue the American of Scandinavia to the sun-baked plains of Turkey to dream—question the dream itself. the Far East. The men and women of The American Legion don't We Legionnaires share the common experience of question it. service to the nation in time of war, but our American More than 100 years ago the French historian Alexis Legion has never been content with rekindling old de Tocqueville exclaimed that "America is a land of campfires or fighting again old battles. wonders in which everything is in constant motion and It has always tried to look to tomorrow. Witness the every change seems an improvement." GI Bill; Legion youth programs; the constant plea for Thirty years ago. Sir Winston Churchill came to a strong America, capable of meeting national and in- Westminister College in Fulton, MO, to caution us that: ternational responsibilties in an always dangerous "With primacy in power is also joined an awe-inspiring world ; witness the concern for aging veterans and their accountability of the future . . . you must feel not only families. the sense of duty done, but also anxiety, lest you fall Legion history spans less than half the nation's 200 below the level of achievement. Opportunity is here years, but consider if Legion cries for preparedness had now. ..." been heard in the 1930's, if our protests against hasty Improvement, accountability and opportunity are not disarmament had been more effective in the late 1940's, unfamiliar words to Americans. if our political leaders had shared our commitment to So really, the National Commander's Bicentennial the cause of self-determination in Indochina in the message is a simple one: 1960's and 1970's. The best is yet to come. There is small comfort in "what might have been." We cannot be satisfied—as an organization or as a na- tion—with recounting of old glories. Ours is a continu- ing story. The Declaration of Independence is a living document. It was written with the hand of Providence for men everywhere. And with the help of Providence the tiny collection of colonies that gave voice to man's "unalien- able rights" has emerged as the mightiest of nations confronted with the responsibility of protecting those

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 cAneiicaiiTj^oii Treedoni^Bell 'Decariter'

O^vailable at Qoriveritioii

^atlOIiaUy faniOlIS American Legion Freedom Bell which has been touring the United States aboard the Freedom Train, during this Bicentennial Year, has been reproduced by Mr. Boston Distiller Corporation in commemoration of the 58th National American Legion Convention to be held in Seattle Washington August 20-26, 1976.

Dhi§ beautiful, Haiid-crSfted Royal Halburton china decanter, finished in a bronze overglaze, will be filled with the finest 100 month old Kentucky straight bourbon whiskey. Because it will be an extremely limited edition, this very fine collector's item will only be available for sale at the Convention site.

^§ervej6ur^ecariter ^owT In order for us to insure fair distribution to all in attendance at the Convention, we are re- questing that you fill out the attached coupon, and would appreciate your limiting your reservation to three or less decanters per coupon. AGED jUfj%J MONTHS K KiMIUCKV STRAIGHT DOuSBON WHISKfV

beydur barteiidef^

Speclal^^sefvatioii Qoupori:

Mr. Distiller Boston Corporation Dept. A-1 , 1 700 Citizens Plaza, Louisville, Kentucky 40202

Please reserve. .American Legion Freedom Bell(s) for me.

I will pick them up at a State Liquor Store in Seattle, Washington.

Name Address.

City -State. Zip Code_

Old Mr. Boston Distiller, Boston, Mass., Albany, Ga., Owensboro, Ky.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 7 —

U.S. and Allied prisoners greet liberators at camp near Frankfurt in 1945

—^units of up to 12 By JOE CONSOLMAGNO as hard as it might have been Individual messes Korea and Vietnam demonstrated men occupying a single room—cut NEVER WAS a Fourth of that. Most Germans lived up to the back on meager rations for weeks THERE extra July quite like that one in Geneva Convention. They permitted ahead to set aside something bash. Some 1944—speeches befitting a Presi- mail and personal parcels from home for one grand kriegie their precious sugar dential election year; a parade; a and Red Cross food packages. Ath- sacrificed all of fermenting pot of band concert; an all-star game; letic equipment, books, records and and raisins to a brief eu- swimming races and track events; a musical instruments came from stalag brew that offered for a long period carnival midway. neutral Switzerland under auspices phoria in exchange But the American flag was no- of the Red Cross and the YMCA. of nausea. kriegie chef could do where in sight; there were no fire- Kriegies were allowed programs A skilled Cross subsistence works; there were no women or in theater, sports and education. Wonders with Red week of corned children; no oldsters. The only on- Chicago TV personality Ray Rahner issue—one can a man, some lookers watched over gun sights and and New York radio personage Ted beef and Spam per milk and concen- through barbed wire. Brown were products of the kriegie crackers, powdered S. trated chocolate bars. They produced It was the South Compound of theater. Nicholas Katzenbach, U. sauces and meat loaves, patties, pud- Stalag Luft III, a prisoner of war Attorney General in the Johnson pies devised from little camp at Sagan, deep in the heart of Administration, was a student in the dings and stubborn Nazi Germany. The celebrators were educational program. more than imagination and cook, Ralph "Bud" downed American airmen, "krie- Still life at Stalag Luft III was will. One kriegie comedy. Gaston, went into the gourmet food gies,"—a Yank contraction of the not a "Hogan's Heroes" with a res- German word for war prisoner, There were no Colonel Klinks or business after the war, Angeles. At Sagan kriegsgefangene. Six-hundred miles Sergeant Schultzes in the Stalag taurant in Los had an added secret ingredient: to the west, the Allied invasion of Archipelago. Remember that Buchen- he Europe was not yet a month old. To wald, Dachau and Auschwitz were hunger. prior menu was only one of the the east, the nearest Russian salient also in that chain. Six weeks The delights that Fourth of July. A was 400 miles distant. They were in to July 4, 1944, some 50 of 80 RAF concrete-lined reservoir built for fire the eye of the hurricane, dead center prisoners who had successfully tun- protection served as a pool for in the sturm und drang of World neled out of the North Compound Late swimming races. Track events were War II in Europe. were recaptured and executed. held on a path worn around the in- A year earlier, there were only in 1944, as the Third Reich began of the compound 250 American prisoners at Sagan, to crumble, there was serious talk side perimeter kriegies trudged daily for ex- but by 1944 their numbers were of executing all captured airmen. where ercise or privacy. It skirted a low swollen to nearly 2,000, as great air Horrors were shoved aside as the rail that kept the prisoners battles raged over Europe. Americans at Stalag Luft III ob- wooden from the high double fence of Life at Stalag Luft III was not served their nation's 168th birthday. away

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 barbed wire that enclosed the camp. "There was no reserve clause in same members in the rich, middle The track was the scene of a mag- the South Compound," Crowley re- and poor classes.) nificent hustle perpetrated by Wil- calls ruefully. But sociological implications were liam C. Runner of Bridgeton, N.J., Dedicated camp politicians devoted of no concern that Fourth in 1944. nicknamed Dusty. their holiday to seeking votes for a jazz musician Over the wire in the North Com- very little to the upcoming election of a kriegie Matters military meant pound, RAF prisoners out for an earlier, he congress that was timed to coincide Dusty. In England a year early turn on their perimeter paused tailored as a zoot with the national election that pitted had a uniform to watch and encourage the parade trousers extremely full at the Thomas E. Dewey against Franklin suit— as it grew steadily with recruits ankles, organized later that knees and pegged at the Roosevelt. When from each barracks. padded at the shoulders and summer, the congress debated poli- blouse "Have a care!" called one English pinched at the waist, with its length tical issues under the chairmanship officer. "The ruddy British are com- the finger tips. Un- of Emmett Dedmon, who was to be- extended beyond ing!" official wrath intervened, Dusty come executive editor of the Chicago til "The sooner the better!" was the was the only officer in the Army Air Sun-Times. One action of the kriegie reply. Force uniformed "with the reet pleat congress was surprising. It defeated Evening roll call and the drape shape." a resolution favoring a peacetime was a sharp con- trast. Somehow every kriegie had He also was a superb athlete. In draft. managed a fresh shave and clean, high school and college he had com- Politicking, however, was only a pressed khakis. With Dusty Runner peted in track, cross-country and diversion on the kriegie Fourth. leading the band, they marched out swimming. Years of training on the Holiday games of chance were more in dress parade precision rare for trumpet had given him a powerful popular. Variations of roulette were airmen. In the spirit of the occasion, breathing apparatus. At Sagan, this set up, along with an endless variety the Germans made no count, a once- side of Dusty was known only to his of card games. There was a dice in-a-wartime omission. messmates. Starting with a seem- table and a rat race featuring real A band concert followed dismissal ingly rash brag. Dusty permitted rodents. of the formation, featuring arrange- himself to be goaded into accepting There was no official currency in ments of the great swing bands. a challenge to complete a three-mile the camp. The pay of prisoners of RAF kriegies gathered on their side run around the perimeter in less war, designated by the Geneva Con- of the wire to share the Fourth of than 18 minutes. Once the bait was vention to be borne by the holding July concert. They had a special taken, Dusty and his messmates power, was merely a bookkeeping friendship for the band. Once, re- pledged their entire food allotments entry in a master account. Cigar- turning under guard from a rare in bets at heavy odds. ettes were the medium of exchange concert appearance at another Dusty played the character to the and chocolate bars were the bullion. American compound, the band had hilt, right through the first two laps. Throughout that Fourth of July halted outside the North Compound But even as he staggered and there was a great exchange of and interrupted an RAF appell with clowned to the jeers and jokes of the wealth at the gaming tables. But the "God Save the King." As a man, the unwary bettors, he had a careful ear majority of the newly-rich soon set- RAF prisoners turned to face the cocked for the time called out by tled back into their usual economic music, standing at rigid attention his messmates. On the last lap he niche. until the last note was sounded. opened up his kick, suddenly con- Social scientists might ponder the suming distance with the long, phenomenon. All kriegies entered the A verboten national symbol, the powerful strides of a trackman. insulated society of Stalag Luft III American flag was nowhere in sight Jeers turned to groans and even with no more material wealth than on the kriegie Fourth. But it was shouts of outrage. Long before he the clothes on their backs. Screened there, smuggled into the camp and broke the tape, the sheep knew they originally by rigid Air Force en- in the custody of one Lt. Fred Gillogly, had been fleeced. Yet his finish, well trance requirements, all had about who today is a Chevrolet under the 18-minute limit, was the same level of education and all dealer in Buffalo, N. Y. When the greeted with cheers from winners were in the same age group. In the tanks of the 14th Armored Division and losers alike. As P. T. Barnum camp, all were allotted equal living rolled into Stalag VIIA to liberate observed, Americans love to be bam- quarters and the same rations of the kriegies on April 29, 1945, the flag was there to greet them, flying boozled—provided it's done with food and clothing. All received ap- style. And Dusty Runner had style. proximately the same parcels from proudly over a barracks. His prime interest at Sagan was home. Most were about in the same Following the evening concert on his job as leader of the camp physical condition. Yet in a short the kriegie Fourth, the band broke band, an aggregation of professional time some emerged rich in kriegie up into small combos to play at the musicians-turned-fiiers who could possessions and comforts. There was various parties that continued in hold their own on any bandstand. a middle economic class. And there each barracks until lock-up. At Dusty himself was a top-notch in- were the poor. The distinctions were lights-out, Dusty's trumpet had the strumentalist and an all-around en- subtle and the wealth was relative, last say, sounding taps over the tertainer. His talents were lost with but both were real. silenced camp in tones of clear mili- his untimely death at war's end. (They were wiped out in January tary brass, tinged with a muddy hint of the blues. call The most popular athletic event of 1945 when the camp was evacuated The echoed and re-echoed the Fourth was the all-star softball in the shadow of a Russian advance. and as the last notes faded into the night kriegie game. Bill Crowley, later to become Individual wealth was reduced to a might director of public relations for the what a man could carry on his back have imagined the faint rumble of Boston Red Sox, was catcher for the during a week's forced march. Yet drums rolling taps all the way back to Valley Forge. losing team. The one-run loss still before the war in Europe was over rankles. His star pitcher was lured three months later, the economic The more prosaic, however, said it away from his barracks team by a classes reappeared at Stalag VIIA, was merely the RAF paying a call bonus in D-bars. near Munich, with substantially the on Berlin. end

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 9 What Kind of a Man Was George Washington ?

WHO WAS the indispensable man in the creation with the calmest unconcern. Perhaps the strongest fea- of the United States? George Washington ture in his character was prudence, never acting until would probably win a poll; Thomas Jefferson would every circumstance, every consideration, was maturely give him a run for his money. weighed; refraining if he saw a doubt, but, when once So, what did Jefferson think of Washington? Here decided, going through with his purpose, whatever ob- is a letter written by Jefferson in response to a re- stacles opposed. His integrity was most pure, his justice quest from Dr. Walter Jones for Jefferson's opinion the most inflexible I have ever known, no motives of of Washington. The two had grown distant in the interest or consanguinity, of friendship or hatred, being 1790's when Washington backed Alexander Hamil- able to bias his decision. ton's theories of strong central government against He was, indeed, in every sense of the words, a wise, Jefferson's principles of state's rights. a good, and a great man. His temper was naturally irratable (sic) and high toned; but reflection and reso- * lution had obtained a firm and habitual ascendency over His mind was great and powerful, without being of it. If ever, however, it broke its bonds, he was most tre- in the very first order; his penetration strong, though not mendous his wrath. In his expenses he was honorable, but exact; liberal so acute as that of a Newton, Bacon or Locke ; and as far utility; but as he saw, no judgment was ever sounder. It was slow in contributions to whatever promised unyielding on all visionary projects, and in operation, being little aided by invention or imagina- frowning and all calls on his charity. His heart was not tion, but sure in conclusion. Hence the common remark unworthy in its affections; he exactly calculated every of his officers, of the advantage he derived from coun- warm but man's value, gave him a solid esteem proportioned cils of war, where, hearing all suggestions, he selected and it. fine, stature exactly what one whatever was best; and certainly no general ever to His person was his would wish, his deportment easy, erect and noble; the planned his battles more judiciously. But if deranged best of his age, and the most graceful figure during the course of the action, if any member of his horseman the circle plan was dislocated by sudden circumstances, he was that could be seen on horseback. Although in of his friends he might be unreserved with slow in readjustment. The consequence was that he where safety, he took a free share in conversation, his collo- often failed in the field, [but] farely against an enemy quial talents not mediocrity, possessing in station, as at Boston and York. were above neither ideas, fluency of words. In He was incapable of fear, meeting personal dangers copiousness of nor public, when called on for a sudden opinion, he was unready, short and embarrassed. Yet he wrote readily, rather diffusely in an easy and correct style. This he had acquired by conversation with the world, for his education was merely reading, writing, and common arithmetic to which he added surveying at a later day. His time was employed in action chiefly, reading little,

and that only in agriculture and English history. . . . On the whole, his character was, in its mass, perfect, in nothing bad, in few points indifferent; and it may truly be said, that never did nature and fortune com- bine more perfectly to make a man great, and to place him in the same constellation with whatever worthies have merited from man an everlasting remembrance. For his was the singular destiny and merit, of leading the armies of his country successfully through an ar-

duous war for the establishment of its independence ; of conducting its councils through the birth of a govern- ment, new in its forms and principles, until it had set- tled down into a quiet and orderly train; and of scrupulously obeying the laws through the whole of his career, civil and military, of which the history of the world furnishes no other example. How, then, can it be perilous for you to take such a man on your shoulders? I am satisfied the great body

of republicans think of him as I do. . . . He has often declared to me that he considered our new Constitution as an experiment on the practicability of republican government, and with what dose of lib- erty man could be trusted for his own good; that he was determined the experiment should have a fair trial, and would lose the last drop of his blood in support of Statue of George Washington it ... I felt on his death with my countrymen, that Freedoms Foundation, Valley Forge verily a great man hath fallen this day in Israel.

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 .

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SILENT SECOND VICTORY IJiFtLS.^BhsianHUIir.'tiiftliidlJa^lt WORLD . WAR

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 H hiy 4. w^^. In congress,

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By T. R. FEHRENBACH of right ought to be, free and inde- then, on a South Carolina resolution, pendent States, that they are ab- the matter was postponed until the ON THE 7th of June, 1776, a solved from all allegiance to the 1st of July. slender, keen-eyed Virginia British Crown, and that all political Many men hoped it had been post-

aristocrat named Richard Henry Lee connection between them and the poned forever. . . . rose to place a resolution before State of Great Britain is, and ought What happened was that in the the Second Continental Congress of to be, totally dissolved." course of human events the hour had the United Colonies of North This was no longer opposition to grown later than many of the gentle- America, meeting in State House off Parliament. It was revolution against men sitting in Philadelphia had Chestnut Street, in Philadelphia. Lee the Crown. realized. State after state instructed had his instructions from the Vir- American histories sometimes delegates to stand for Independence, ginia Assembly, and he would fulfill gloss over the fact that passage of even though some states held back them, but this was one of the hard- the Declaration of Independence was to the last, and finally four delegates est days of his life. The 13 British by no means assured. Many of the resigned rather than approve such colonies of America were already men assembled in Philadelphia were a move. far gone in rebellion against what at best reluctant rebels. There were After four world-shaking days in they considered the tyranny of the many moderates among them, men July, Thomas Jefferson's shining English Parliament. The shots heard desperately aware of, and fearful of, document was adopted without a round the world had been fired at the fruits of war. Immediately after dissenting vote, and on July 4, John Lexington and Concord; blood had Lee made his proposal, a majority Hancock signed it as President of flowed at Breed's Hill in Boston. of the Congress stood against it. It Congress, Charles Thomson, Secre- Lee still believed there was time took four days of the passion and tary, attesting. Four days later, July to compromise with the British Gov- brilliance of the Adamses of Massa- 8, "freedom was proclaimed through- ernment. But, acting on instructions chusetts and other patriots such as out the land." of his State, he stood and proposed: Virginian Thomas Jefferson to se- The Declaration of Independence "That these United Colonies are, and cure a bare majority of one—and was ordered engrossed on parch-

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 ment, and August 2, 1776, was set Adams of Massachusetts, whom well- than one reference to gallows humor for its formal signing by the 56 wishers furnished a new suit so he that day in August. members of Congress. The actual might be presentable in Congress, Ben Franklin said, "Indeed we signing of such a document, under they were men of substantial prop- must all hang together. Otherwise British or any other law of the time, erty. All but two had families, and we shall most assuredly hang sepa- was a formal act of treason against the vast majority were men of edu- rately." the Crown. But every member event- cation and standing. In general, each And fat Benjamin Harrison of ually—some were absent on August came from what would now be called Virginia told tiny Elbridge Gerry of 2 —signed. the "power structure" of his home Massachusetts, "With me it will all What sort of men were these, who state. They had security as few men be over in a minute. But you, you'll pledged their "Lives, Fortunes, and had it in the 18th century. be dancing on air an hour after I'm Sacred Honor," with a British fleet Each man had far more to lose gone!" These men knew what they already at anchor in New York har- from revolution than he had to gain risked. The penalty for treason was bor? from it—except where principle and death by hanging. For rebels, they were a strange honor were concerned. It was prin- William Ellery of Rhode Island breed. Almost all of them had a ciple, not property, that brought was curious to see the signers' faces great deal of all three things they these men to Philadelphia. In no as they committed this supreme act pledged. Ben Franklin was the only other light can the American Revo- of courage. He inched his way close really old man among them ; 18 were lution be understood. to the secretary who held the parch- still under 40, and three still in their John Hancock, who had inherited ment and watched intently. He saw twenties. Twenty-four were jurists a great fortune and who already had some men sign quickly, to get it or lawyers. Eleven were merchants, a price of 50Q pounds on his head, done with, and others dramatically and nine were landowners or rich signed in enormous letters, so "that draw the moment out. But in no farmers. The rest were doctors, min- His Majesty could now read his face, as he said, was he able to dis- isters or politicians. With only a name without glasses, and could now cern real fear. Stephen Hopkins, very few exceptions, like Samuel double the reward." There was more Ellery's colleague from Rhode Is-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 13 land, was a man past 60 and signed able to escape across Long Island ing his house, while Mrs. Hart lay with a shaking hand. But he Sound to Connecticut. Here they on her deathbed. Hart, a man of 65, snapped, "My hand trembles, but my lived as refugees for seven years, was hunted down across the country- heart does not!" .... without income, and eventually came side and slept in caves and woods, Whatever else they did, they for- home to find a devastated ruin, "de- accompanied only by a dog. malized what had been a brush- spoiled of almost everything but the At last, emaciated by hardship popping revolt and gave it life and naked soil." and worry, he was able to sneak meaning, and created a new nation, Signer Philip Livingston came home. He found his wife long buried. through one supreme act of courage. from a baronial New York family, His 13 children had been taken Everyone knows what came of the and Livingston himself had built up away. A broken man, John Hart nation they set in motion that day. an immensely lucrative import busi- died in 1779 without ever finding his Ironically, not many Americans ness. All his business property in family. know what became of these men, or New York City was seized as Wash- Another New Jersey signer, Abra- even who they were. ington retreated south to Jersey, and ham Clark, a self-made man, gave Some prospered. Thomas Jefferson Livingston's town house on Duke two officer sons to the Revolutionary and John Adams went on to become Street and his country estate on Army. They were captured and sent Presidents. Samuel Adams, John Brooklyn Heights were confiscated. to the British prison hulk in New Livingston's family Hancock, Josiah Bartlett, Oliver Wol- was driven out, York harbor—the hellship Jersey, refugees, cott, Edward Rutledge, Benjamin becoming homeless while where 11,000 American captives were sell off Harrison and Elbridge Gerry lived he himself continued to his to die. The younger Clarks were to become state governors. Gerry treated with especial brutality be- died in office as Monroe's Vice Presi- cause of their father. One was put dent. Charles Carroll of CarroUton, in solitary and given no food. The Md., who was the richest man in British authorities offered the elder Congress in 1776, and who risked Clark their lives if he would recant the most, founded the Baltimore and and come out for King and Parlia- Ohio Railroad in 1828. Most Ameri- ment. He refused. cans have heard these names. When they occupied Princeton, Other signers were not so fortu- N. J., the British billeted troops in nate. the College of New Jersey's Nassau The British, even before the list Hall. Signer Dr. John Witherspoon was published, marked down all was President of the college, later members of Congress suspected of called Princeton. The soldiers tram- having put their names to treason. pled and burned Witherspoon's fine They all became the objects of vi- college library, much of which had cious manhunts. Some were taken; been brought from Scotland. some, like Jefferson, had narrow es- But Witherspoon's good friend, capes. All of those who had families signer Richard Stockton, suffered far or property in areas where British worse. Stockton, a State Supreme power flowed during the war which Court justice, had rushed back to his followed, suffered. estate, Morven, near Princeton, in None actually was hanged. There John Adams, Jefferson, Franklin, an effort to evacuate his wife and were too many Britons, like William Robert Livingston and Slierman. children. The Stockton family found Pitt, the old Earl of Chatham, who refuge with friends—but a Tory even during a vicious and brutal war remaining property in an effort to sympathizer betrayed them. Judge would not have stood for that. . . . maintain the United States' credit. Stockton was pulled from bed in the The four delegates from New York Livingston died in 1778, still work- night and brutally beaten by the State were all men of vast property, ing in Congress for the cause. arresting soldiers. Then he was and they signed the Declaration with The fourth New Yorker, Lewis thrown into a common jail, where a British fleet standing only miles Morris of Westchester County, saw he was deliberately starved. from their homes. By August 2, all his timber, crops and livestock A horrified Congress finally ar- 1776, the government of New York taken, and he was barred from his ranged for Stockton's parole, but not had already evacuated New York home for seven years. He continued before his health was ruined. Finally

City for White Plains. . . . fighting as a brigadier general in the the judge was released as an invalid The British landed three divisions New York militia. who could no longer harm the Brit- on Long Island on August 27. In a As Washington's men commenced ish cause. He went back to Morven. bloody battle, Washington's un- their painful retreat across New He found the estate looted, his furni- trained militia was driven back to Jersey, it began to seem that the ture and all his personal possessions Harlem Heights. British and Hessian Revolution would fail. Now Ameri- burned; his library, the finest pri- soldiers now plundered the mansion can Tories or Loyalists to the Crown vate library in America, destroyed. of signer Francis Lewis at White- began to make themselves known, His horses had been stolen, and even stone; they set it afire and carried helping the advancing British and the hiding place of the family silver his wife away. Mrs. Lewis was Hessians to ferret out the property had been bullied out of the servants. treated with great brutality. Though and families of the Jersey signers. The house itself still stood; event- she was exchanged for two British When John Hart of Trenton risked ually it was to become the official prisoners through the efforts of Con- coming to the bedside of his dying residence of New Jersey's governors. gress, she died from the effects of wife, he was betrayed. Richard Stockton did not live to what had been done to her. Hessians rode after Hart. He es- see the triumph of the Revolution. British troops next occupied the caped into the woods, but the sol- He soon died, and his family was extensive estate of William Floyd, diers rampaged over his large farm, forced to live off charity. though his wife and children were tearing down his grist mills, wreck- About this same time, the British

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 Sign! Sign! You Are Free!

PATRICK Henry of Virginia is best remembered for the skies, to pierce the councils of the Almighty one. his ringing words "Give Me Liberty, or Give me But methinks I stand among the awful clouds which Death!" but that may not have been his most important veil the brightness of Jehovah's throne. Methinks I see speech. the recording angel—pale as angel is pale, weeping as As the members of the Continental Congress reas- an angel can weep—come trembling up to the throne sembled at Philadelphia in early July of 1776 it was and speaking his dreadful message. not a foregone conclusion that the Declaration of In- "Father! The old world is baptized in blood. Father! dependence would be ratified. Certainly few expected It is drenched with the blood of millions who have been unanimous endorsement. executed, in slow and grinding op- Then, as the signing ceremony pression. Father, look! With one was about to begin on July 4, Patrick glance of thine eternal eye, look over Henry rose to make one last pas- Europe, Asia, Africa and behold sionate plea. Like the Declaration of everywhere a terrible sight—man Independence itself, his words have trodden down beneath the oppres- inspired millions. sor's feet, nations lost in blood, mur- "These words will go forth to the der, and superstition walking hand world when our bones are dust. To in hand, over the graves of their the slave in bondage they will speak victims, and not a single voice to hope; to the mechanic in his work- whisper hope to man. shop, freedom. "He stands there (the angel), his "That parchment will speak to hand trembling with the human kings in language sad and terrible as guilt. the trumpet of the archangel. You "But hark! The voice of Jehovah have trampled on the rights of man- speaks out from the awful cloud: kind long enough. At last, the voice Let there be light again. Let there of human woe has pierced the ear of be a new world. Tell my people, the God, and called his judgment down. poor downtrodden millions, to go out "Such is the message of the Decla- from the old world to build up my ration to the kings of the world. And altar in the new. shall we falter now? And shall we "As God lives, my friend, I believe start back appalled when our free that to be his voice. Yes, were my people press the very threshold of soul trembling on the wing of eter- freedom ? nity, were this hand freezing to "Sign! if the next moment the Patrick Henry death, were my voice choking with gibbet's rope is around your neck. the last struggle, I would still, with Sign! by all your hopes in life or death, as husbands, the last gasp of that voice, implore you to remember fathers—as men with our names to the parchment, or the truth! God has given America to be free. Yes, as I be accursed forever! Sign! not only for yourselves, but sank down into the gloomy shadows of the grave, with for all ages ; for that parchment will be the textbook of my last gasp I would beg you to sign that parchment. freedom- the Bible of the rights of man forever. — In the name of the One who made you, the Saviour "Sign! for the declaration will go forth to American who redeemed you, in the name of the millions whose hearts like the voice of God. And its work will not be done until throughout this wide continent not a single very breath is now hushed, as, in intense expectation, inch of ground owns the sway of privilege of power. they look up to you for the awful words, YOU ARE "It is not given to our poor human intellect to climb FREE!"

sent a party to the home of New ready but who had signed in the end, appeals and pleas year after year. Jersey signer Francis Hopkinson at was working his heart and his credit In the process, he was to lose 150 Bordentown, and looted it, also. out for the Revolution. Washington's ships at sea, and bleed his own for- By December 1776, Washington's troops were unprovisioned and un- tune and credit almost dry. dwindling band of patriots had been paid; the United Colonies' credit, In the summer of 1777 the British pushed across the Delaware, into such as it was, had collapsed. . . . landed troops south of Philadel- Pennsylvania. The Revolution had Morris used all his great personal phia, on Chesapeake Bay. These entered its first great period of crisis. wealth and prestige to keep the marched north, to defeat Washington One by one, the important people of finances of the Revolution going. at Brandywine and again at German- Philadelphia were mouthing Loyalist More than once he was to be almost town. Congress fied to Baltimore, sentiments, or concocting private solely responsible for keeping Wash- and Lord Howe took Philadelphia ways of making their peace with the ington in the field, and in December on September 27. On the way, his Crown. But signer Robert Morris, 1776, Morris raised the arms and men despoiled the home of Pennsyl- the merchant prince of Philadelphia, provisions which made it possible vania signer George Clymer in Ches- was not among these. Morris, who for Washington to cross the Dela- ter County. Clymer and his family, had honestly and sincerely opposed ware and surprise the Hessian Col- however, made good their escape. the Declaration of Independence be- onel Rail at Trenton. . . . The family of another signer. Dr. cause he felt the colonies were un- Morris was to meet Washington's Benjamin Rush, was also forced to

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 15 flee to Maryland, though Rush him- Rutledge and Middleton families. . . . succeeded Thomas Jefferson as gov- self stayed on as a surgeon with the The British soon conquered all the ernor of Virginia, and was still thin coastal strip which was 18th governor in 1781. Army. . . . Signer John Morton, who had long century Georgia. Signer Button Lord Cornwallis and his staff had been a Tory in his views, lived in a Gwinnett was killed in a duel in moved their headquarters into Nel- strongly Loyalist area of the state. 1777, and Col. George Walton, fight- son's home. When Morton had come out for In- ing for Savannah, was severely Nelson asked the gunners: "Why dependence, it turned his neighbors, wounded and captured when that do you spare my house?" most of his friends and even his city fell. The home of the third "Sir, out of respect to you," a relatives against him, and these peo- Georgia signer, Lyman Hall, was gunner replied. ple, who were closest to Morton, burned and his rice plantation con- "Give me the cannon!" Nelson ostracized him. He was a sensitive, fiscated in the name of the Crown. roared. At his insistence, the cannon troubled man, and many observers One of the North Carolina signers, fired on his magnificent house and believed this action killed him. John Joseph Hewes, died in Philadelphia smashed it. Morton died in 1777. His last words while still in Congress, some said But for Thomas Nelson the sacri- to his tormentors were, "Tell them from worry and overwork. The home fice was not quite over. He had that they will live to see the hour of another, William Hooper, was oc- raised $2 million for the Revolution- when they shall acknowledge it [the cupied by the enemy, and his family ary cause by pledging his own es- signing] to have been the most glor- was driven into hiding. tates. The loans came due; a newer ious service that I ever rendered to By 1780 the fortunes of war had peacetime Congress refused to honor my country." begun to change. Local American them, and Nelson's property was On the same day Washington re- militia forces defeated the King's forfeit. He was never reimbursed. took Trenton, the British captured men at King's Mountain. Realizing He died a few years later at the living his Newport, R. I. Here, they wantonly that the war was to be decided in age of 50, with large destroyed all of signer William El- the South, Washington sent Na- family in a small and modest house. lery's property, and burned his fine thanael Greene to dance, as the Another Virginia signer. Carter home to the ground. saying went, with Lt. Gen. Lord Braxton, was also ruined. His prop- The grand scheme to separate Cornwallis, the British commander. erty, mainly consisting of sailing New England by General Burgoyne's Cornwallis did not like the dance at ships, was seized and never recov- march from Canada was foiled at all, and slowly retreated northward ered. York- These were the men who were Saratoga in 1777 ; this victory event- toward the Chesapeake. At ually brought the French into the town, a Virginia village surrounded later to be called "reluctant" rebels. water, Cornwallis Most of them had not wanted trou- war on the American side. But . . . on three sides by by 1779 the British seemed to have established what he thought was an ble with the Crown. But when they base. were caught up in it, they had will- the war well in hand . . . The sea- impregnable ports were captured or blockaded, Now began the crucial action of ingly pledged their lives, their for- and American shipping driven from the war, the time Washington had tunes, and their sacred honor for the the seas. The northern colonies been waiting for with exquisite pa- sake of their country. seemed neutralized, and the British tience. A powerful French squadron It was no idle pledge. Of the 56 turned their main effort south. under Admiral De Grasse arrived at who signed the Declaration of Inde- Like the men from New York, the the mouth of the Chesapeake from pendence, nine died of wounds or South Carolina signers were all Haiti and gained temporary naval hardships during the war. landed aristocrats. They had, as a superiority off the Virginia coast. Five were captured and impris- body, reflected Carolina's luke-warm Under carefully coordinated plans, oned, in each case with brutal treat- attitude toward independence. The Washington and the French General ment. Several lost wives, sons or family. Carolinians were all young—average Rochambeau marched south from One lost his 13 children. All were, age, 29—and all had studied in En- New York to Annapolis, where De another, the victims gland. But in the end they had joined Grasse transported the allied army at one time or the majority in the interest of soli- across Chesapeake Bay. At the same of manhunts. houses darity, and after signing they had time. General the Marquis de Lafay- Twelve signers had their burned. Seventeen lost everything. all entered military service. ette was ordered to march upon While serving as a company com- Yorktown from his position at Rich- Not one defected or went back on mander, Thomas Lynch Jr.'s health mond. his pledged word. broke from privation and exposure. As the bombardment commenced, Their honor and the nation they His doctors ordered him to seek a signer Thomas Nelson of Virginia did so much to create, is still intact. first Fourth cure in Europe, and on the voyage was at the front in command of the But freedom, on that he and his young wife were drowned Virginia militia forces. In 1776 Nel- of July, came high. the end at sea. son had been an immensely wealthy The other three South Carolina tobacco planter and merchant in Editor's Note: This article is signers, Edward Rutledge, Arthur partnership with a man named Rey- reprinted from the July, 1965 Legion Middleton and Thomas Heyward Jr., nolds. His home, a stately Georgian issue of The American were taken by the British in the mansion, was in Yorktown. As the Magazine at the request of siege of Charleston. They were car- Revolution began, Nelson said, "I many Legionnaires, members of ried as prisoners of war to St. Au- am a merchant of Yorktown, but The American Legion Auxiliary Americans, gustine, Fla., and here they were I am a Virginian first. Let my trade and civic-minded singled out for indignities until they perish. I call God to witness that if particularly teachers. were exchanged at the end of the any British troops are landed in the war. Meanwhile, the British roam- County of York, of which I am Lieu- Reprinted by permission of the author and his agents, Scott Meredith Literary ing through the Southern country- tenant, I will wait for no orders, but Agency, Inc., 845 Third Avenue, New side made a point of devastating will summon the militia and drive York, New York 10022. the properties and plantations of the the invaders into the sea." Nelson

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 forniajoo

Two HUNDRED YEARS AGO, on July 4, 1776, as more than three minion people of a new race called Americans were declaring their in- dependence from Great Britain, a few hundred Spaniards were trying to maintain a feeble foothold in a land called Alta (Upper) California. Separated by a continent, who could have dreamed that the land for which the Spaniards struggled would become the mecca for all Americans—the largest, richest state in the richest nation the world has seen? The Spaniards—priests, soldiers and employes of the mission military —had established permanent settle- ments in the early 1770's at places called the Royal Presidio of San Diego, the Royal Presidio of Mon- terey, Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo, Mission San Antonio de Padua, Mission San Gabriel Arc- angel and Mission San Luis Obispo. As the Liberty Bell rang in Phil- adelphia, the Spanish were recover- ing from an Indian uprising at San Diego. While Americans 3,000 miles to the east fought for cities like New York, Philadelphia and Charleston, the Spaniards were busy founding a city called San Francisco. As 1776 dawned, a man respon- sible for many Spanish accomplish- ments in California, Juan Batista de Anza, was leading a band of 240 soldiers and colonists across the Santa Ana River, nine miles from the spot where great concrete stacks today mark the freeway interchanges of downtown Los Angeles. A few months later, still in 1776, the Rev. Francisco Tomas Hermene- gildo Garces left the Yuma Indian villages on the Colorado River and started north with an Indian com- panion, Sebastian Tarabel. They paused at a place in California now BICENTENNIAL called Needles, then moved west. In 1781, the year of the British LANDMARK surrender at Yorktown, the Yumas of the Colorado River killed Father Garces. It all occurred during the 29-year reign of King Charles III of Spain. Aside from the chagrin of Indians in the American West, the sparse literature of the time notes no com- plaints about his colonial rule. George III of Great Britain must Statue of Father Serra gazes at rebuilt San Diego mission have envied him. —M. S. Chipp.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 17 1^^

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Jbv 1778 Jones cUMyyypted toMdhap the-Mart Jn- ihe- of SdMth, iuttfiey 'baitle^ l)etweeriy ^arl was abSevvC. the"BonHowme^ Jones andiuSJtnjen^ Richard-"and fhe^ took onUj -fize S'eJkirJ&s qumver paMsd, Jiouseholdsilver mtk ooolly ''Quartern, for Gods 15 Zady S&lkitk ' sake'! Jams threw supervising the, (zpv^tol cd^Jumy ficmd^-oveK and hifhiyyuivb the. lmad,'knocking Inxwi oict.

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By GENE GLEASON coast of Britain the victory was Dutch youngsters sang a song called widely reported in British newspa- "Here Comes Paul Jones." It is still SCHOOLBOYS IN HOLLAND Still sing pers. Political groups opposed to the popular with children there. his praises; he was a hero in war in America used Jones' triumphs France and Spain had another rea- London, the capital of the enemy; to needle Britain's war leaders. Bal- son to salute Jones' victory. It hid he won his greatest victory in full lads and broadsides celebrated Jones' their own massive naval failures. view of British shores; the king of daring and he was compared to tra- They had secretly assembled 64 ships France gave him a medal; the em- ditional folk heroes like Robin Hood to invade England in 1779, but ty- press of Russia hired him as an ad- and Dick Turpin. He was less the phus aboard the ships forced aban- miral. hero and more the villain in Scottish donment of the project. Jones did Such a man was John Paul Jones, and Irish ports, frightened by his not know the French-Spanish plan father of the United States Navy raids along the coasts under the was cancelled and he sailed from the and America's greatest sea hero of nose of the British home fleet, and French port of L'Orient to raid Brit- the Revolutionary War. the London Morning Post said his ish ports and divert forces that might Not until the dashing German deeds were "the most general topic otherwise intercept the French and Field Marshal Erwin Rommel cap- of conversation" in England. Spanish. It was on such a raid that tured the public imagination in When Jones arrived in Holland he encountered the Serapis off Flam- World War II was official London so after the battle with the Serapis, he borough Head. chagrined and embarrassed by the was cheered on the streets, applauded When the battle was over, at least exploits of a popular enemy. in the theaters of Amsterdam and 100 men were dead and more than Rommel was not as lucky as Cap- tain Jones. After his panzer divisions swept most of North Africa and cap- tured Tobruk in June 1942, his fame reached such a peak that the British High Command ordered a special propaganda campaign to de-fuse his reputation. Then, in 1943, the tide turned and overwhelming Anglo- American forces drove him from Africa. A year later he was wounded by a strafing British plane and, in the end, he poisoned himself after he and other high Nazi officers failed in a plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. Yet Rommel alone among Nazi Germany's field marshals found hon- or in World War 11. Capt. John Paul Jones lost no bat- tles, found honor in many lands, but before he died, he, too, tasted bitter disappointment. During the Revolutionary War he was an unrivaled international hero. He treated his prisoners with human kindness—-a rarity in those sailing days. He gave money to some so they could get home. When his sinking ship Bonhomme Richard vanquished the British Serapis off the northeast John Paul Jones' tomb at U.S. Naval Academy

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 19 150 were wounded. Jones' Bonhomme daughter. He was a freckled, sandy- In 1773, while his ship was in port Richard, moonlight showing through haired boy with hazel eyes and a at Tobago, the captain rejected her shattered topsides, was sinking; sharp pointed nose. He was small, crewmen's demands that they be paid the Serapis, masts smashed, ripped and stood only five feet, five inches in advance—as was sometimes the by fires and explosions, was barely tall as an adult. Rumors persist that custom. The crew mutinied and the seaworthy. Jones transferred his men he was the illegitimate son of a leader attacked Paul with a bludgeon. to the British ship, raised the Stars nobleman, but they appear to rest Paul, with his heel backed against and Stripes and, somehow eluding on nothing more solid than left- the edge of an open hatch, drew his pursuers, crossed the North Sea to handed snobbery. sword and thrust it through his at- Texel, Holland, 75 miles north of John attended the local Presbyte- tacker, who fell dead at his feet. Amsterdam. Holland was neutral, but rian parochial school until he was 13, Years later, Paul said in a letter to the Dutch left no doubt that Jones and then became an apprentice to Benjamin Franklin that he had of- was their hero. John Younger, shipowner, and sailed fered to give himself up for trial, but Jones described the battle accu- to Virginia. Younger, failing in busi- was advised by friends to flee the rately: "No action was ever in all ness in the mid-1760's, released him island because he could not receive respects so bloody, so severe and so from his apprenticeship. John ap- justice from a local jury. He reap- lasting." pears to have had an opportunity to peared in America 20 months later, (British-American archaeologist join the British Navy but instead using the name John Jones, and Sidney Wignall plans an expedi- finally John Paul Jones. What hap- tion this summer to raise relics pened in the interval is a total blank. from the Bonhomme Richard Early in December 1775, John Paul which is believed lying in 150 feet Jones was commissioned a first lieu- of water. Artifacts of Jones' ship tenant in the Continental Navy. His may eventually find their way into first command was the sloop Provi- the Smithsonian.) Dutch Boys dence and from Bermuda to Nova For the remaining 13 years of his Scotia he took eight prizes and life, Jones' fame gyrated like a stock burned or sank eight more. He was market graph. Plagued by scandal, Still Sing shifted to command of the Alfred, misfortune and political intrigue, he and proceeded to take several more died in Paris on July 18, 1792, seem- prizes before returning to Boston in ingly forgotten by fellow citizens of 'Here Comes December 1776. the United States, his adopted coun- On July 1, 1777, Jones was ordered try. A few American friends and an to Portsmouth, N.H., to take com- official committee of the French Leg- mand of the Ranger. Top crewmen, islative Assembly marched four miles Paul Jones' who could make more money on pri- through the streets of the city, ac- vateers, rejected his best offers, but companying the hero's remains to his Jones finally sailed for France Nov. grave in a Protestant cemetery on 1, 1777, bearing oflScial word of Gen- the outskirts of the French capital. eral Burgoyne's defeat at Saratoga A month before Jones' death. turned to merchant ships, serving as and a promise that he would be President Washington and Secretary third mate on a slave ship. given command of a new 40-gun of State Thomas Jefferson had com- In 1768, at the age of 21, he be- frigate. Another ship beat him to missioned him to negotiate with the came the acting captain of a 60-ton France with the Burgoyne news, and Dey of Algiers for the release of brig after the master and mate died the new frigate was sold before Jones American seamen kidnaped and im- of fever. The captaincy became per- reached France, so Jones took the prisoned by the Barbary pirates. The manent when the young skipper dem- Ranger northward early in 1778 to St. authorization was conveyed by onstrated that he was capable and George's Channel and the Irish Sea, Thomas Pinckney, American Minis- hard-working, although somewhat seizing a number of prizes. On April ter to the Court of St. James, but short-tempered. He was alert, quick, 23, he led a shore party on a raid he did not sail for Europe until mid- spotless in dress and always wore against Whitehaven, on England's July. Jones died before he learned a sword at his side. He drank spar- west coast. He planned to burn all of the appointment. ingly and spoke softly, but was per- the ships in the harbor, but one of But the fame of John Paul Jones fectly capable of booting a laggard his own men turned traitor, racing did not die. In 1905—113 years after subordinate officer in the rear, or of through the streets to warn towns- his death—his body was rediscovered ordering a seaman flogged. He some- people. in its obscure grave, accorded full times wrote sentimental verses when Jones then attempted to kidnap military honors by France and Amer- off duty and he had success with the Earl of Selkirk from his home ica, and returned to the United States women. at St. Mary's Isle, Scotland, but the Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md., His sudden temper involved him Earl was absent. Jones and his men for final burial in the crypt of the in two crises. When he had a ship's took only the Selkirk's household academy chapel. carpenter flogged for an infraction, silver, with Lady Selkirk coolly su- Jones' last resting place is a mag- the beaten man brought a court ac- pervising the hand-over. The next nificent marble sarcophagus designed tion against him. The action was day, Jones captured the Drake, a by Sylvain Salieres. It marks the end dismissed, but the carpenter signed British sloop of war, after a fierce of a troubled human voyage that be- on another ship and died. The car- one-hour fight. Jones inspired a kind gan in Scotland over two centuries penter's father accused Paul of mur- of "Robin Hood" legend by releasing ago. der, but he obtained testimony from a group of fishermen he had taken John Paul (as he was then known) the previous court that the flogging prisoner several days earlier, and by was born at Kirkbean, southwestern —then fairly common on sailing supplying them with enough money Scotland, on July 6, 1747, the fourth ships—bore no relation to the car- to get back to their homes. child of a gardener and a farmer's penter's death. With the British Navy out in

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ILY 1976 —;

force to capture him, Jones sailed around Northern Ireland and reached Brest, France, on May 8, 1778. A month later, he wrote a long letter to Lady Selkirk, justifying the theft Black Sailor Boy of her silver as retaliation for British raids on the coast of New England. He asked her to persuade her hus- Forged Auspicious band to use his influence in ending Path the war. The Earl of Selkirk had practically no influence on Britain's Philadelphia's Bicentennial ob- job in Robert Bridges' sail loft, war policies. Nevertheless, Jones paid servance will take special no- where his freeman father had been his men for the silver (about $600), tice of a black sailor boy who fought a skilled sail maker. At age 20, he and returned every bit of it to the the British, refused asylum amid was made foreman. Twelve years Selkirks in 1784, after the Revolu- aristocratic London surroundings, later, when Bridges died, James tion. and returned home to become one of bought the loft. He conducted the Early in 1779, an Irish merchant his city's leading citizens and an business successfully for the next 40 at L'Orient located an old 900-ton early abolitionist. years. By 1830, he was the richest East Indiaman called Le Due de He was James Forten, who sailed black in Philadelphia, with a for- Duras. Jones got command of it in off at 14 as a powder boy aboard tune of over $100,000. February 1779, and was given six the Philadelphia privateer Royal Married, with eight children, months to fit it for sea duty. Jones Louis. His captain was Stephen Forten was active in community af- named her the "Bohomme Richard," Decatur, father of the storied hero fairs and helped found St. Thomas' a reference to Ben Franklin's "Poor of later battles with the Barbary Episcopal Church in 1796, serving Richard's Almanack." Franklin was pirates. on its flrst vestry. A temperance American commissioner to France Captured by the British, Forten man, he also was an advocate of and one of Jones' stoutest allies. found himself thrust into the com- women's rights. The Richard, built in 1766, was an pany of the 14-year-old son of a During the War of 1812, Forten old ship as wooden vessels were British naval officer. A friendship enlisted 2,500 blacks to help de- judged. Jones armed her with 40 developed and when the captured fend the city when the British ap- guns, scrounging new and old cannon proached. from an uninterested French Navy. Forten fought the American Col- Jones, meantime, was gradually ac- onization Society, founded in 1817, quiring a squadron to support the whose idea was to emancipate the Richard. It would include the Alli- slaves gradually and deport the free ance, of 36 guns ; the Pallas, 32 guns blacks to Africa. the Vengeance, 12 guns, and Le Cerf, This led to a correspondence with 18 guns. All except the Alliance were editor William Lloyd Garrison. For- fitted out and maintained by France. ten's convictions led Garrison to the The Alliance was both the strong- stand that abolition, not coloniza- est and weakest ship in the squadron. tion, was the answer to slavery. Its armament practically equalled the Forten did not live to see his dream Richard's, and it was faster and more accomplished. He died in March maneuverable than Jones' ship. Its 1842. glaring weakness was its skipper: The role of blacks in the Amer- Pierre Landais, who served in both ican Revolution is gaining attention the French and American navies. He as the Bicentennial encourages re- had influential backing in the Ameri- search. Most famous, of course, was can Congress, but his crewmen de- Crispus Attucks, who was killed in tested him, and John Adams—^who the Boston Massacre. Peter Salem had traveled on his ship to France was a hero at Bunker Hill and was considered him indecisive, bewildered Americans were transferred to the credited with killing the commander and pathologically jealous. notorious prison ship Jersey in New of the British Marines, Maj. John Jones sailed from Groix roadstead York harbor, Forten was offered a Pitcairn. Prince Whipple, a slave, near L'Orient on Aug. 14, with five chance to go to London. He refused. was a bodyguard and oarsman for navy ships and two privateers. His "I am here as a prisoner for the George Washington when he crossed mission was a large-scale diversion- liberties of my country," he said. "I the Delaware to attack the Hessians ary raid to be coordinated with the never, never shall prove a traitor to at Trenton. Whipple is depicted in planned French-Spanish attack on her interests." the famous painting of Washington England. He didn't. crossing the Delaware. The privateers, as Jones had ex- Somehow the boy survived the Many blacks in America opted for pected, deserted the squadron within prison ship miseries that killed the British side in the conflict, at- two weeks. nearly 10,000 Americans. But those tracted by promises of freedom On Sept. 14, the Richard, Pallas, months aboard the Jersey also con- from slavery. At war's end, about and Vengeance finally regrouped off vinced him that many of his fellow 14,000 who had allied themselves Dunbar, Scotland, and the coast was blacks in America were in a differ- with the British migrated to Nova thrown into a panic. One terrified ent kind of prison called slavery. Scotia, Jamaica, the Bahamas and laird, taking the Richard for a British On his release, Forten walked England. One was David George warship, sent his yacht to it to bor- home from New York to Philadel- who, in 1773, had organized the first row a keg of gunpowder; he needed phia and set out to learn about black church in America at Silver (Continued on page 40J slavery and earn a living. He got a Bluff, SC.—Sheila W. Martin

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 21 .

WASHINGTON Opposing Views by Congressmen on The Question . . PRO & CON "Should the Railroad

No longer is there a real question of whether we a two to three per cent should subsidize rail service. The question return on net invest- our nation faces is: Do we want railroads? A de- ment. cision not to fund the rehabilitation of the rail- Congress spent the roads would have been an irreversible one. early winter grappling In my judgment, it is unthinkable that our coun- with the problem of re- try, and especially the densely populated North- structuring the bankrupt east, should be without rail service. railroads of the North- Railroads are the backbone of our freight trans- east and Midwest into a portation system, moving far more freight than rail system to carry es- any other mode. Railroads are vital in the trans- sential commerce to and portation of coal, raw materials and the products from the markets of the Sen. Clifford P. Case of heavy industry. region. Closely related (R-N.J.) Moreover, individual railroads do not operate in to the establishment of isolation. The bankrupt Penn Central handled ConRail, which is essentially a freight carrier, are more than 20 per cent of all freight cars loaded in plans to upgrade the rail corridor from Washing- the United States and interchanged approximately ton to Boston to provide frequent, high-speed Am- 1.5 million cars with railroads outside of the re- trak passenger service for persons traveling in the gion. One part of the countrywide rail system Northeast. could not be cut off without bringing economic Congress would be remiss, however, if it merely chaos on the remainder. subsidized the rails and did not exercise leadership Rail passenger service, although accounting for in seeing corrected the causes of the deficits. This only one per cent of all intercity trips, neverthe- means legislative review of the regulatory policies less represents a low-pollution, energy-efficient which have contributed to the bankruptcies. It also means of transportation which should be encour- means spending money for track rehabilitation. aged. Passenger rail transit also lessens our de- Currently, about one-third of each dollar earned pendence on the automobile and on foreign oil by railroads is spent on track upkeep, and tracks supplies. continue to deteriorate. We must be willing to There is no source—other than the federal gov- make these necessary political and financial com- ernment—for the billions of dollars which must be mitments in order to restore the vitality of our spent to assure the continuation of both freight national rail system. and passenger services. Private equity capital has not been raised by the Eastern railroads, and the railroad industry as a 9 whole, in many years. This is understandable since from 1960 on the railroad industry has earned only

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on thisi

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 —

Industry Be Federally Subsidized?" "NO' Our railroads are a on railroads' ability to make a profit. The Inter- vital part of our state Commerce Commission, which has the power transportation system for to set railroad rates, has for many years prevented both freight and passen- the railroads from competing as effectively as they gers. Railroads will be could. The I.C.C. has held rate-of-return on rail- even more important in road investment lower than the cost of capital for the future because of 25 years. their advantages in fuel What these two facts—the profitability of most consumption, pollution American railroads, and the interference and dis- and land use. We must crimination against railroads by the I.C.C.—taken remember that railroads together mean is that we could guarantee our- are the only form of selves a healthy private railroad industry by elim- Sen. Robert Taft, Jr. transportation that can inating federal regulation of rail transportation. (R-Ohio) be run without petro- In a free market, the natural efficiencies of the leum, through electrification. railroad would assure the railroads a growing We need the railroads so badly that if there were share of the freight market. no other way to keep them running, we would Thus, we should not subsidize our railroads as far have to subsidize them. The question is, do we have as freight traffic is concerned, because it is not to give them a subsidy, or can our railroads be run necessary. What is needed is less government in- on a free-enterprise basis? tervention, not more. Passenger trains do require Today, rail passenger service does require a sub- subsidies; and since we need passenger trains, we sidy. Without subsidies we would have no passen- must pay the subsidies. But in terms of the rail ger trains. Because passenger trains must compete freight business, a subsidy is a poor answer to a against other forms of transportation which re- problem which can be solved better and more ceive large, indirect subsidies—highways for the cheaply by getting the federal government out of, buses, air traffic controllers for the airlines, etc., not more deeply into, the railroad business. passenger trains must also receive a subsidy. Much rail freight service, on the other hand, does not now need a subsidy. We have read so much about railroad bankruptcies that we often forget one basic fact: most of the railroads in this country are still profitable. They are still paying taxes, paying their debt holders and paying divi- dends to stockholders. P jrrrz:^^ This is true despite actions by the federal gov- I have read in The American Legion IVlagazine for ernment which have had a severe negative impact July the arguments in PRO & CON: "Should the Rail- road Industry Be Federally Subsidized?"

IN MY OPINION THE ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION IS: YES NO SIGNED _ issue, fill out the "ballot" and mail it to him. ^| ADDRESS

TOWN STATE.

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives Wash- ington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.' 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 23 GranTbrinos fortwo. Thanks to the Seagram Pos .

OFFICIAL COUPON

The Seagram Posts American Legion M.O. Box 12924 Seattle, Washington 98111 Gentlemen:

I am a dues paid member of Post * , American Legion,

or of Unit # , American Legion Auxiliary located in

(City) (State)

Please enter my name in the free drawings for two Ford Gran Torino 2-door Hardtops donated by the Seagram Posts to the American Legion National Convention Corporation of Washington, Inc. Drawings to be held Saturday, August 21, 1976 at High School Memorial Stadium, Seattle,Washington. Entries must be received no later than midnight, August 20, 1976.

Name.

Address.

City -State Zip

Legion or Auxiliary Membership Card #

SEAGRAM POSTS 30th FORD AWARDS

No jingles to write. No puzzles to fill in. You don't even have to be at the Convention to win.

For the 30th consecutive year Seagram Posts 658, California; 807, Illi- nois; and 1283, NewYork are donating two brand new Fords to the American Legion 1976 National Convention Corporation of Washington, Inc. if you win one, your post will unn an extra $250, also donated by the Seagram Posts.

Drawings will be held Saturday August 2 1 , 1976 at High School Memorial Stadium, Seattle, Washington.

To enter, all you have to do is send in an official coupon. (No facsimile permitted.) Of course, you have to be a dues-paid member, and your entry must be received by midnight, August 20, 1976. Don't send your membership card. Good luck!! —

m m -m m m m

ise Chief Speaks Out

Defense Secretary Rumsfeld, a former Navy jet pilot, talks with press after flying B-1 bomber, background

By DONALD H. RUMSFELD, Secretary of Defense &E) has increased continuously in THIS is an important year for and military officials—I have con- real terms over the past decade, America. While we are celebrat- cluded that U.S. military power is apparently exceeding the cost of ing our 200th year of freedom, we today capable of achieving U.S. na- the U.S. program in 1975 by about must also make some crucial deci- tional security objectives. 65 per cent; sions that will affect the future of Considering all aspects of national • The Soviets have a produc- the Nation for the next 100 years. power—the military, political, eco- tion base for most items of mili- Foremost among these is the ques- nomic and technological—the United tary hardware which exceeds that tion of what is to be provided for States is the strongest nation on of the free world; and national defense. earth today. • Soviet military manpower has We are at peace today. Yet, in the area of military capa- expanded from 3.4 to 4.4 million Yet, there are threats to that bilities, a set of trends—expansion since 1964. peace. It is a dangerous and complex on the part of the Soviet Union and Over the same period. U.S. defense world. There are two major powers relative retrenchment on our part expenditiures and military man- —the United States and the Soviet indicates the need for renewed com- power have been declining. The U.S. Union, each with its allies—with mitment by the United States. baseline defense effort (by which I ideals and objectives that are funda- We, as a nation, cannot continue mean the defense budget, less costs mentally different. to reduce real spending for defense directly attributable to the war in We and our allies have been able while the Soviet Union continues to Southeast Asia and certain other to maintain a degree of stability in increase its military capabilities. items which do not translate into Western Europe and Northeast Asia The trends of the last 10-12 years current military capability), in terms for 30 years or more. Now, the ex- in the growth of Soviet military of constant dollars, has steadily de- panding power of the Soviet Union power are sobering indeed: creased since 1964 at an annual rate causes concern throughout the world • U.S.S.K. military spending of about 2 per cent. Our military —in Europe, in Asia, in the Middle has increased in real dollar terms manpower has decreased by some East, in Africa. This in turn bears by approximately 3 per cent 600,000—from 2.7 million to 2.1 mil- directly on the national security ob- throughout the last decade; lion, after first building up to 3.5 jectives and military posture of the • The Soviet Union is estimated million in 1968 at the peak of the United States. to devote approximately 11-13 per Vietnam war. In the six months that I have cent of its GNP to military capa- Relative defense efforts tell a part served as Secretary of Defense—hav- bilities; of the story, but not the whole story. ing reviewed available intelligence • The constant dollar cost of The end product, that is, actual mili- and program data and the readiness Soviet military research, develop- tary capabilities, count most. There of U.S. forces with senior civilian ment, test and evaluation (RDT are numerous ways to measure the

' . . . Considering all aspects of national power, U.S.

is still strongest nation on earth . . . (But) trends

' have been adverse ... U.S. could slide into weakness . . .

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 military capabilities of the United States and the U.S.S.R., and we uti- U. S. vs. Soviet Weaponry lize them all because no one measure can portray the entire, complex pic- us ture adequately. One useful way of USSR considering the issue of comparative ICBMs I 1,054 1,600 military power is to evaluate each I nation as to: the strategic nuclear SLBMs I 656 balance, the conventional force bal- 730 ance in Europe and the naval bal- ^ ance. STRATEGIC BOMBERS 497 160 THE STRATEGIC BALANCE OTHER AIRCRAFT - The Soviets have been steadily 6,800 10,500 making quantitative improvements HELICOPTERS "--^ in their strategic forces. Except in 9,000 2,500 the manned bomber force, the Sovi- TANKS ets have moved from a trailing posi- 9,000 42,000 tion a decade ago to one of numerical superiority today. More important, ARTILLERY -JT 6,000 20,000 the quality of Soviet strategic forces has improved with the development MAJOR SURFACE of four new ICBMs, a new genera- COMBATANT SHIPS ^^^^^ 172 229 tion of ballistic missile submarines and a more sophisticated long-range GENERAL PURPOSE bomber. SUBMARINES .^^^ 75 255 Despite the growth of Soviet force levels and capabilities, U.S. strategic Source: Defense Department as of March 1976 forces—which have been and are be- ing improved—are unquestionably to improve the accuracy of its mis- trate to well-defended enemy targets powerful enough and diverse enough, sile force. well into the 1990's. today, to deter the U.S.S.R. from The existing Polaris/Poseidon bal- At the same time, the usefulness initiating nuclear war or attempting listic missile submarines will eventu- of our B-52s will be enhanced and to coerce the United States and its ally have to be replaced as they extended by arming them with the allies. reach the end of their useful service cruise missile. This will allow us to While confident of our strategic lives. A replacement system, the alter the role of the B-52 to that of power at present, we must prepare Trident submarine, is the most cost- a standoff attack bomber. Moreover, for the future. If we are to maintain effective, sea-based strategic deter- with its air, surface and undersea an overall strategic balance, we rent that can be designed within the launch capabilities the cruise mis- must sustain appropriately-sized and limits of current technology. Al- sile shows the promise of greatly diversified offensive forces. Our though these submarines will be strengthening our strategic deter- "Triad" of land-based ICBMs, sea- expensive to operate and maintain, rent. based SLBMs and manned bombers the large number of launch tubes In short, an overall comparison of is the basis upon which we should per submarine enhances their cost the strategic nuclear postures of the continue to build our forces. To- effectiveness. at sea, this sys- U.S.S.R. the United States today gether, these elements of the Triad When and tem will continue to provide the least indicates approximate parity. I re- assure that a technological break- vulnerable segment of the strategic gard it as unlikely that the American through in any one area is not likely Triad. people will allow this critical stra- to negate the effectiveness of the Manned bombers have long pro- tegic balance to deteriorate, so it is entire strategic force. Furthermore, vided the United States with a range the maintenance of the non-nuclear the Triad provides a hedge against of capabilities in the strategic area. or conventional forces balance which the failure of any one element in a They supplement our land sub- will require great attention and ef- nuclear exchange and makes Soviet and marine missile forces. current fort. defense against our weapons more The bomber force, made up of proven difficult. B-52s, will continue to provide essen- In his fiscal year 1977 defense THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN tial capabilities in the 1980's. How- budget, the President has made pro- BALANCE ever, the B-52 fleet is aging, and In the Central Front the past de- posals which are critical to maintain extensive analysis and study within cade has witnessed improvements in the effectiveness of each element in the Department of Defense has thus the capabilities of both and the Triad. These improvements are NATO far demonstrated that the B-1 the Warsaw Pact. advances essential, owing to current and pro- NATO manned bomber system is the most in the quantity and quality of tanks, jected Soviet force modernization likely replacement. production pro- antitank weapons and aircraft have efforts. // ceeds, the B-1 will he able to pene- led to a force which provides both a The Minuteman ICBM force is to be modified with survivability and accuracy improvements while we are proceeding with the research and de- ' velopment for a new ICBM, the M-X. . . . B-1 will he able to penetrate This missile, which has multiple bas- ' ing possibilities, represents an option targets well into the 1990's . . . to assure that we have a survivable ICBM as the Soviet Union continues

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 27 conventional and theater nuclear de- terrent. The Pact, on the other hand, has substantially increased its man- Growing Warsaw Pact firepower power. Most importantly, the Pact has made major improvements in the quality of its weapons and sup- threatens balance in Europe port for those weapons, markedly improving its ability to conduct blitzkrieg war. substantial. The Pact has the ad- submarine capability, a variety of In comparing the overall manpow- vantage of a more homogeneous mix missile-equipped surface combatants er and number of weapons, NATO of equipment and the choice as to the and large numbers of land-based and the Warsaw Pact appear cur- timing and nature of the attack. bombers equipped with antiship mis- rently about equal, and in the future Based on all these factors, I be- siles, all important systems for use only marginal changes should occur. lieve we and our NATO allies have in denying freedom of the seas. With- Each side has some numerical lead- the basic capabilities necessary to in several hundred miles of the Eu- ership in the weapons essential to its respond to a Warsaw Pact attack. rasian land areas, they have achieved primary missions. The Pact has a 20 However, there are two vulnerabili- a limited ability for projection of per cent edge in troops. It leads in ties which will increase if we fail to power ashore and sea control. tanks by more than two to one, and undertake and follow through on the What is significant is the degree also in artillery—both required to measures we have proposed. First, to which the ships now under con- support a blitzkrieg offensive. The we do not have sufficient long-range struction in both countries are be- Pact is expected to increase the num- airlift capability to deploy our rein- coming similar in range, weapons ber of its armored personnel car- forcements to Europe in a timely suit and endurance. Except for avia- riers, a prerequisite for rapid com- fashion. Second, we are concerned tion ships, where we are building bined arms warfare. that, unless counterbalanced, increas- large Nimitz-class carriers and they NATO currently has more ar- ing Soviet firepower and mobility are building smaller VSTOL/heli- mored personnel carriers, but this will begin to give the Pact an unac- copter-and-missile carriers, new ships could be reversed in the Pact's favor. ceptable advantage in either an at- are remarkably similar on both sides. NATO leads in weapons such as tack coming with little or no warning Based on information available. antitank guided missiles and ground attack aircraft—which are major elements of its defensive strategy. Improvements in antitank weapons Intercontinental 'M-X' with will continue. The comparative num- ber of the close air support aircraft multiple bases to counter may change as the Soviets acquire more of these aircraft while NATO's numbers remain relatively constant. improving Soviet missile aim The trend in the quality of weap- _ ons is less favorable to NATO than the quantitative balance. The Soviets or after a large-scale mobilization our conclusion is that the U.S. Navy sig- have, in the past decade, made and deployment of its forces. today can carry out its assigned mis- nificant improvements in the tech- sions. Whether or not this judgment nological quality of their equipment. THE NAVAL BALANCE will apply in the future is of con- They are closing a gap that has his- Assessing the future implications cern, however, and depends on ac- torically been a major source of of present trends in the naval bal- tions we take now. NATO strength—our qualitative ance is especially difficult because Since 1968, at the height of the leadership in weaponry. of the difference in missions between Vietnam war, the size of our active A major element of the balance the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. navies. fleet has fallen from 976 to about 480 often ignored is the tactical and op- Throughout its history, the U.S. ships. We have gone from 23 to 14 erational aspect. This has many com- Navy has been charged with main- aircraft carriers, with one additional ponents—the tactical advantages taining freedom of the seas, and carrier scheduled to retire from the accruing to the defensive or offen- bringing military power to bear on active fleet this year. This was a re- sive role of each side, the importance land from selected sea areas. The sult of an effort to free up funds for of mobilization and surprise and of Soviet Union, historically a land the construction of new ships. Unfor- command and control systems, the power, has until recently considered tunately, budget cuts by the Congress capabilities of logistics and the qual- its navy as a coastal defense force. resulted in the utilization of these ity and training of manpower. NATO However, the expansion of their navy funds for purposes other than new has an edge in several of these. For over the last few years, both quali- ship construction, and the Navy was example, our pilots are better tatively and quantitatively, has given able to build an average of only 12 trained and more capable, our com- the Soviets capabilities for a greatly new ships a year between 1968 and munications systems more advanced expanded ocean-going role. 1976. We cannot continue such a low and our logistics organization is more The Soviet Union now has a major building rate and expect to maintain a Navy adequate to our national security needs. For this reason, the President has Major shipbuilding program recently proposed adding $1.2 billion for five additional ships to the urged to maintain security Navy's shipbuilding program in FY 1977, as the first step in a steady (Continued on page 45)

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 ! . . s ; . . . .

VETERANS A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH ARE NEWSLETTER OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU JULY, 1976

DEMOCRATS GET LEGION PLATFORM RECOMMEN- also calls for automatic increases in

DATIONS : Immediate Past National Commander veterans programs similar to that applying James M. Wagonseller presented the Legion' to Social Security and 20-point recommendations on veterans Civil Service salaries affairs, international relations, national which are based on Labor defense and other maj or concerns to the Department ' s Consumer Price committee for Democratic National Platform Index. . .At presstime , Con- which met in Washington. . .He also invited gressional hearings were the Democratic Presidential nominee to still underway in several address the Legion' s national convention areas affecting veterans' unsettled in Seattle. . .Similar proposals will be programs. .Also made to the Republican National Platform is future funding for com- Committee before the Republican nominating missaries ... Senate commit- convention set for Kansas City in August . . tee calls for reducing The Democratic nominating convention subsidies over three-year will be held in New York City in July. period. . .House committee Robert J. Miller Legionnaire of Montli has approved funding at See Page 30 current levels. WORLD WAR II VETERANS INVITED TO REVISIT

PHILIPPINES ; To commemorate 35th anniver- BUSINESS HELP FOR VETERANS ; A pamphlet sary of World War II in Southeast Asia, entitled "SBA Programs for Veterans of President Marcos of The Philippines has the Armed Forces" is offered by Small declared 1977 the year for "Reunion For Business Administration to help veterans Peace" . . .All veterans are invited to revisit start or expand a small business. . " and "meet in brotherhood. TheU. S. Gov- Available from all SBA offices, it offers ernment is supporting the reunion. . assistance on financing, management Reduced air fares, discounted accommoda- and procurement. tions and inexpensive tours are offered. JOBS FOR VETERANS '76' CAMPAIGN; The COST-OF-LIVING FORMULA URGED FOR VETERANS Department of New Jersey American Legion COMPENSATION. EDUCATION, PENSION PROGRAMS ; joined the Veterans Administration and American Legion is urging Congress to other groups in a special month-long effort remedy Fiscal Year 1977 federal budget that to reduce veteran unemployment . . .Depart- does not include funds for cost-of-living ment Commander Frank D. Riccardi directed increases in veterans' disability com- the Legion to j oin National Alliance of pensation, or dependency and idemity Businessmen, Veterans Education Corps, compensation programs . . . Instead of extend- VA and N.J. Department of Labor and Industry ing cutoff date for veterans education in May campaign to find j obs for over and training under the GI Bill beyond cur- 100 , 000 unemployed veterans in the State . . rent 10 years , Legion feels most important Governor Brendan T. Byrne issued legislative needs for veterans are read- proclamation to support the drive. justments of rates of compensation for disabled veterans, pension reform, adjust- NEW VA HOSPITALS APPROVED White House ment of monetary allowance for veterans has approved VA plans for eight new re- now persuing education and training under placement veterans hospitals. Fund requests

the GI Bill, will go to Congress. . . $249 million is YourAmerican Legion! and adequate being sought immediately for hospitals funding for at Bay Pines, FL, and Richmond, VA. . It's great to know you belong Veterans Ad- This will bring FY 1977 construction budget ^^g^^l^^l^^l^^tl^ggg^ggg^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ministration requests to $459.6 million. . .Six other medical care . programs. .Legion's Resolu- facilities will be funded ; two a year for

tion 16 calls for legislation to Increase three years. . .They will be at Martinsburg, by monthly 15% rates payable for vocational WV; Portland, OR; Seattle, WA ; Little

rehabilitation subsistence allowance, Rock, AR ; Baltimore , MD ; and Camden, NJ. . educational and training assistance allow- New hospitals are now being built at ance, and special assistance. . .Legion has Brooklyn, NY ; Columbia, SC ; Los Angeles urged Congress to reject blanket pension and Loma Linda, CA. . .New San Francisco

concept and endorse pension reform that hospital was dedicated May 28. . . Bay Pines would follow Legion' s traditional policy facility will provide 1,150 beds, cost of eligibility based on need. . .Legion estimated $110 million.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 29 Washington's Legion Post

Nearly 50 years ago, Post 24, Alex- andria, VA, rescued a famous landmark, a favorite haunt of George Washington, and initiated a project which takes cen- ter stage in the Bicentennial. It was cli- maxed Feb. 16 when historic Gadsby's Tavern was officially opened to the pub- lic to honor George Washington's 244th birthday. In 1928, the Post bought the Tavern when it was about to be demolished. In

1972, it turned it over to the city of Alexandria, which has since spent over William McNamara tries 1812 piano. $1.2 million for refurbishments. During this year's celebrations visitors the Daughters of the American Revolu- to the Nation's Capitol will have Post tion, the Colonial Dames, the Children 24 to thank for an opportunity to visit of the American Revolution and other and dine at this famous landmark where organizations and individuals have been Washington and other patriots met. active in the restoration. Washington patronized the original In return for title to the property, coffee house as early as 1754. He was Alexandria renovated and refurbished feted many times there after the Tavern Post 24 facilities located in the hotel was remodeled in 1770 to include two portion of the building. Included is tap- parlors, a tap room, an assembly hall room, ballroom and offices for both the and two enlarged bedrooms. In 1793, Legion and Auxiliary. More than $60,- a three and one-half story hotel was 000 worth of kitchen and food equip- added containing two parlors, two din- ment was supplied and the Post now ing rooms, a ball room and 12 guest has free rent for its lifetime. rooms. Gadsby's operates as a museum Just prior to Washington's death in charging small admission fee to defray 1799, Gadsby's was the scene of a day- operating costs. The first floor is a com- long celebration in honor of his two mercial dining area serving traditional terms as president. It was his last mili- early American foods and beverages. tary appearance. He reviewed the Alex- andria Independent Infantry Blues, a company of volunteers. "Legionnaire Of Month" Nearly all founders of the American Independence are said to have enjoyed Robert J. Miller, a World War I the hospitality at Gadsby's. At least six veteran and post service officer for Presidents held receptions there. Others over 41 years, has been selected known to have used its facilities were "Legionnaire Of Month" for July. Marquis of Lafayette, John Paul Jones, Miller is a charter member, past Aaron Burr, George Mason, Francis commander, adjutant and finance Scott Key and Henry Clay. officer of Nittany Post 245, State Entrance to Gadsby's After acquiring the properties. Post College, PA. A graduate pharma- 24 financed architectural repairs and cist, he owned and operated his retrieved many original items. During own drug store for 13 years. He

the 1930s, the Legion operated it as a then served as city postmaster for semi-public meeting house and museum 27 years. Miller lives with wife under management of Gadsby's Tavern Gladys at 318 W. Nittany Ave., and City Hotel, Inc. State College. Two Legionnaires who have devoted Miller is first "Legionnaire Of many years to restoration are William Month" selected under a new G. McNamara and William Robert monthly feature in the news section Adam. McNamara is now president of of The American Legion Magazine.

Having lunch at Gadsby's are, I to r, the holding corporation. Adam is cura- Nominations are solicited and Barny Virginia Gollinger, past Dept. Adjt.; tor for the properties on behalf of the should be sent to editor for con- William R. Adam, curator for Gadsby's; City of Alexandria. sideration. Earl Parrish, Post 24 Commander; and William McNamara, Gadsby's president. Besides the Legion and its Auxiliary, NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 —

Pat Geile Retiring; Wignall, Spanogle Promoted policy to discourage employers from hiring illegal aliens since no law now exists. He urged the American Legion to join other groups to stop this illegal immigration. Other meeting highlights included: Las Vegas, NV, named site of 1980 national convention with dates set as Aug. 15-21. Other sites are: Seattle 1976; Denver— 1977; New Orleans— 1978; and Kansas City— 1979. Contributions totaling $22,249 were made to Legion/ Auxiliary Cancer Fund bringing total to date to over $817,000. (See story elsewhere this issue). Mrs. Alan M. Schanel, National President of Legion Auxiliary, presented four checks totaling $132,500 to Com- mander Wiles to be used as follows: $90,000 for Boys Nation/Girls Nation; C. W. "Pat" Geile, retiring Director Legion's National Internal Affairs Division, left, $20,000 for Children and Youth Work; receives 30-year certificate award from James S. Whitfield, National Executive Direc- $10,000 to American Legion Child Wel- tor. Geile retires Aug. 1 after more than 30 years of Legion service. He was named fare Foundation, Inc.; and $12,500 for Internal Affairs director on Aug. 1, 1966. Before that he was Membership Director from 1961 to 1966 and prior to that was with Public Relations and Children & Youth veterans affairs and rehabilitation. Divisions. Succeeding Geile is J. Lloyd Wignall, far right, shown with Robert W. American Legion Child Welfare Spanogle, named to succeed him as National Membership Division director. Spanogle Foundation, Inc., awarded a total of joined Legion staff in 1972, became assistant to Geile in 1975. $34,064 to four voluntary non-profit organizations to assist children and youth. The Foundation has awarded more than $500,000 since 1954. Intelligence Leaks NEC authorized creation of Ameri- can Legion National Committee on Education, assigning it to the National Americanism Commission for super- Called Treasonable' vision and coordination. Purpose will be to inform itself and Legion on de- The American Legion is urging legis- the American public of the changing velopments, problems and potentials in lation that would make it "a treasonable military balance of power. field of education and maintain con- act" to disclose the identity of American After considerable debate, the NEC tact with educational community. intelligence agents in the field. placed the Legion in opposition to pro- NEC approved Yakima, WA, as site The Legion's National Executive posals in Congress that would extend of 1978 World Series of American

Committee also reaffirmed its support GI Bill education and training benefits Legion Baseball on Aug. 3 1 - Sept. 4. for a credible intelligence operation, to veterans beyond the current 10-y ears- 1976 series set for Sept. 2-6 at calling it indispensable to national se- after-discharge limitation. Indefinite Manchester, NH; and 1977 Series for curity. It deplored the identification of extension would impose too heavy a Sept. 1-15 at Los Angeles, CA. agents by some publications and said tax burden, it was argued. National finals for American Legion such disclosure damages U.S. security The NEC approved resolutions which National High School Oratorical Con- networks and exposes personnel to recommend establishment of an Assis- test for 1978 set for April 21 at enemy attack. tant Secretary of Labor for Veterans' Klamath Falls, OR. 1977 finals will be Alien Threat Cited Employment, and would raise the Office April 22 at Washington Crossing, PA. of the Administrator The defense of the U.S. intelligence of Veteran Af- The fall 1976 meeting of NEC will community highlighted the NEC's fairs to cabinet rank. be held at Indianapolis Oct. 6-7, while Principal speaker at spring meeting in Indianapolis. The National Com- 1977 Washington Conference is sched- mander Wiles' committee charged that recent attacks Harry G. dinner honor- uled for Feb. 19-23. ing the retired have seriously impaired the Central NEC, was Gen. Leonard F. Chapman, Jr., former Marine Corps Intelligence Agency and it called for Commandant and now Commissioner legislation to clarify and strengthen the insurance Benefits Up of Immigration and Naturalization. safeguarding of classified material, with An increase of 10 percent in said nearly formidable penalties for any violations. Chapman half a million benefits across-the-board for all aliens will illegally enter the U.S. this participants in The American Le- Spanish Treaty Backed year joining an estimated eight million gion Life Insurance Plan became The NEC also urges the Senate to others already here. He pointed out effective July 1, 1976. The added ratify a treaty of friendship with Spain there are now seven million unem- benefits were approved by the Na- negotiated in January. The agreement ployed Americans, including one mil- tional Executive Committee at its involves continued U.S. use of Spanish lion veterans. spring meeting. air and naval bases. Chapman called it a "silent invasion" Under the revised plan, a Le- The NEC approved the participation that is costing U.S. taxpayers about gionnaire under age of 30 (26 in of The American Legion with the $13 billion a year. Many of the of- Ohio) can now have $11,000 worth American Security Council in cooper- fenders are found on welfare roles, of protection for $24.00 a year in- ative sponsorship of "Bicentennial living in subsidized housing and using stead of the former $10,000. Operation Alert," a program to inform food stamps. He called for a national

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 31 Legion Marks Bicentennial

Bicentennial fever has infected the Ameri- cize all individual and post Bicentennial activi- can Legion, its more than 2.7 million members ties, but in these pages we attempt to salute and its 16,000 posts. Given the magnitude and a representative cross-section of Legion pro- diversity of the Legion, it is difficult to publi- jects throughout the nation:

Department of Maryland has adopted the "Cowpens" Flag as its official Bi- centennial Flag using it at all ap- propriate ceremonies. Shoulder patch replicas are being distributed. The flag was carried by Maryland Volunteers in the Revolutionary War battle at Cow- pens, SC. The Department installed a bronze plaque at site where the Mary- land Regiment fought, and another on Island, to commemorate the Post 26, Plant City, FL. Long NY, Maryland Line that suffered heavy losses in 1776 fighting rear guard action that covered George Washington's retreat from New York. Historians speculate the flag was designed in Phila- delphia. It features circle of 12 stars Post 21, Santa Clara, CA. in field of tlue with one star in center and traditional 13 red and white stripes. Post 57, Elgin, IL, donated 20 by 30 foot American Flag to community. Post and its Auxiliary have donated more than $12,000 worth of Bicenten- nial projects. Post 554, Fairfax, OH. In celebration of its 58th birthday and Bicentennial Year, Post 208, Ridg- way, PA, Dr. Hal Reede, past vice commander of Pennsylvania Legion, addressed post on "The Religion of George Washington." Dr. Reede was Post 1688, Laurens, NY. presented with trophy. Post 12, Norwalk, CT, displays huge, gold-tasseled banner inviting those qual- ified to "Join The Veterans' Team." Mrs. Marjorie Whitaker, Post Auxihary chaplain, made blue felt banner. Post 12 was founded in 1919, has 950 mem- bers and set membership goal of 1,000 Post 530, Cincinnati, OH. for campaign. At Post 568, Coin, lA, past national chaplain L. P. Fitzpatrick presented Mayor Fred Smith with large official Bicentennial Flag. The Bicentennial Banner was pre- Post 285, Galesburg, IL sented to the Exchange Club by Post 536, Woodmere and Hewlett, NY.

Post 1872, Brooklyn, NY. Maryland Department's Cowpens Flag Post 56, York, ME.

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 Post 93, Foxboro, MA, donated $500 to American Way Campaign of City of Foxboro for July 4 Bicentennial Cele- bration. Post 329, Elizabethtown, PA, coordi- nated area high school display of Le- gion's Freedom Train, Freedom Bell and other Bicentennial items. Legion literature was distributed to visitors. Post 76, Princeton, NJ, will award $500 Bicentennial Scholarship to local high school student writing best essay on Spirit of 76. At Post 1688, Laurens, NY, members Post 367, Columbia Heights, IVIN, gave dressed in Revolutionary Era costumes silver service to Black Watch. I to r, are: Joel Neisen, post adj.; Maj. Paul Sugden participate in local civic and veterans and Capt. Wally W. Shillitto, both of Black programs. Watch; and Wayne Honeyford, post cmdr. Post 144, Little Neck, NY, has com- mittee which planted six oak trees at Fort Wadsworth as Living National Park Memorial to Preserve Our Heri- tage. A U.S. tree is in center of five trees representing each of the five mili- tary services. An "Eternal Flame" was to be constructed nearby honoring all past, present and future service per- Post 57, Elgin, IL., presented huge flag. sonnel. Surrounding Eternal Flame will I to r, Donald F. Sleeman, Elgin Bicen- be flags of each of the 50 states. tennial Committee chairman; Phil Ben- Post 281, Santa Rosa, OA, spon- ner, Elgin Rec. Dept.; and John I. Comerer, post cmdr. sors Cub Scout Bicentennial color guard called the Colonials, which is appearing at many state civic, veteran and fraternal functions. Post also spon- sors Avenue of Flags at Veterans Lawn Col. James B. Deerin, National Guard in Santa Rosa Memorial Park Cemetery Heritage Gallery curator, with display. and will be flying nearly 600 flags of deceased veterans this year.

"76 Per Cent In 76" is the theme for Post 94, Exeter, CA. Project is to get at least 76% turnout for this year's elections. Auxiliary and other service, fraternal organizations are assisting. Post 1246, Oceanside, NY, in co- Post 1246, Oceanside, NY. operation with Oceanside Bicentennial Committee, provided site and other assistance in erecting replica of Valley Forge Hut built by local Kiwanis Club. At the VA Hospital, Tomah, WI, the Remotivation Program, as a Bicenten- nial Project, had patients construct a quilt depicting the original 13 states by white stars on a blue background. It took first place in Arts and Crafts Bi- centennial Contest. Post 26, Plant City, FL, uses a 200- year history of the American Flag dis- played on long, ex-New York City hook and ladder unit.

County Cmdr. William J. Judge present American Flag to Karen Chin, at Phila- delphia naturalization ceremony.

Post 229, Utica, NY, honored Washing- ton's statue with wreath. I to r, John Deep, post adjt.; Salvatore Giacona, post cdr; and Ret-Adm. William R. Cox, guest. VA Hospital, Tomah, WA. Post 329, Elizabeth, PA.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 33 NEWS

and Pioneers Memorial Building, Hel- ena. Other projects were parade and publication of book, "Montana In The War," to be donated to schools and public libraries.

Members of Post 79, New Port Richey, FL, joined dedication ceremonies at recent grand opening of Veterans Village, a new housing development designed to fit veterans incomes at New Port Richey. Shown in photo is Post Commander Vincent Fleck shaking hands with Sen. Vance Hartke (D-IN), chairman of Committee on Veterans Affairs, who made trip from Washington with other staff members to par- ticipate in ceremonies. Others in photo are Eugene McDaniel and Emilio Toro, Jr., on left, and Endrico Lugo, on right, Post 79 members. City, Chamber of Commerce and military representatives attended.

In conjunction with dedication of its In Philadelphia, American Legion new $250,000 home, Post 554, Fairfax, sponsored first naturalization ceremony Hal Reede, ct., accepts award from Wal- ter Shield, left, post adjt, and Richard hosted parade in honor of mayor, for Bicentennial Year. OH, Gasbarre, post cmdr., of Post 208, city council, police and fire depart- Post 195, Baltimore County, MD, Ridgway, PA. ments. Post was chartered in 1924. swore in 36 new members at special A replica of the Liberty Bell is being Bicentennial^year initiation class named Post 285, Galesburg, IL, joined in enshrined in permanent home similar to in honor of Charles A. St. Clair, depart- construction and dedication of large the bell tower in Philadelphia by Post ment commander. stone monument in honor of "men and 530, Cincinnati, OH. Monument will be Post 56, York, ME, presented Ben- women of Knox County who served dedicated July 4. A Revolutionary War nington and State flags to high school honorably in the armed forces." era ball and parades will be featured. band. National Guard's contribution to Bi- Bell, A Freedom a replica of famous centennial is opening of National Guard Liberty Bell, was presented to Gov. Heritage Gallery at National Guard Robert Bennett for people of Kansas by Memorial Building, Wash., D.C. New- Kansas Department of the American est military museum was made possible Legion and its State Auxiliary. by contributions of National Guards- men.

American Legion Life Insurance Month Ending April 30, 1976 Benefits paid January 1, 1976- April 30, 1976 $ 825,375.94 Benefits paid since April 1958 ..$20,654,474.51

Basic Units in Force (number) . 159,051.0 New Applications approved since Jan. 1, 1976 1728 New Applications Declined 649

New Applications Suspended . . . 612 (Applicant failed to return Healtli Form) Effective July 1, 1976 there is a 10% "across the board" increase in benefits to all participants. The American Legion Life Insurance is an official program of the American Legion, Morgan Finley, left, receives award from adopted by the National Executive Com- John Paukstis, past Cook County cmdr, mittee, 1958. It is decreasing term insurance, ct, and Edward Tyszka, Post 271, Chi- issued on application to paid-up members of The American Legion subject to approval caga, IL. commander. based on health and employment statement. Effective Jan. 1, 1976, death benefits range from $60,000 (6 units through age 29, 25 in Ohio) in decreasing steps to $125 0,2 unit at George Washington Post 1872, Elliott Rothstein, Exchange Club presi- age 75 or over). Previously, maximum was Brooldyn, NY, held fund-raising Bicen- dent, accepts banner from John Roth, 4 units. This protection is available through- out life, as long as the premium is of Post 536, Hewlett, NY. annual tennial costume ball. paid, the insured remains a member of The American Legion, and the Plan stays in ef- As a Bicentennial project, Post 367, A three-ton native granite war monu- fect. Available up to six units at a flat rate of $24 per unit a year on a calendar year Columbia Heights, MN, presented ment honoring all Montana war vet- basis, pro-rated during the first year at $2 chrome helmet and gold service along erans was Bicentennial project for a month per unit for insurance approved with after January 1. Underwritten by two com- Legion emblems to British 1st Bat- Montana Legion and Auxiliary mem- mercial life Insurance companies, the Occi- talion Black Watch and Royal Marines. bers. Dedication was set for July 10 dental Life Insurance Co. of California and United States Life Insurance Co. in the City The Spirit of 76 Committee of Post with Gov. Tom Judge accepting. Earl of New York. American Legion Life Insur- Utica, ance and Trust Fund is managed by trustees 229, NY, arranged tribute to D. Franklin, Jr. (CO), chairman of operating under the laws of Missouri. No George Washington on his birthday in- Legion's Children and Youth Commis- other insurance may use the full words "American Legion." Administered by The cluding the placing of a wreath at his sion, was to make presentation. Mas- American Legion Life Insurance Division, P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, Ilhnois 60680, to statue at the public library. sive monument is in front of Veterans which write for further details.

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 . .

25 Post Commanders Win Free Convention Trips A For attaining status of "Freedom Bell Commanders," 25 post commanders won free trips to the 1976 Legion National Convention at Seattle. Names were drawn from some 1,700 eligibles at spring National Executive Committee meeting. To qualify, posts had to achieve membership as of March 31 greater than the final membership for any year since 1960. Winners were: Yosh Arai, Post 195, Denver, CO; Dwayne Marten, Post 506, Emden, IL; William R. Abernathy, Post 259, Williamsport, IN; Wallace Groover, Post 71, Garwin, lA; Woodrow W. Ross, Jr., Post 277, Walton, KY; Ernest J. Cubbage, Post 81, Gonzales, LA; Gilbert C. Sullivan, Post 400, Dennis, MA; Joseph Capling, Post 197, Harbor Beach, MI; Tver Warling, Post 181, Audobon, MN; James O. Wiemann, Post 366, New Haven, MO; Robert N. Reeves, Post 112, Epsom, NH; Gordon W. McCarter, Post 120, Lambertville, NJ; Mike D'Arco, Post 121, Albuquerque, NM; Frank P. Martin, Post 1342, Libson, NY; J. P. Trexler, Post 342, Spencer, NC; Ernest M. Liden- berg, Post 92, Northwood, ND; James Puttick, Post 170, Marengo, OH; O. W. Bruce, Post 192, Langley, OK; Harold R. Burt, Post 51, Lebanon, OR; Earl H. Walbert, Post 576, Bethlehem, PA; Ramon C. Nararro, Post 89, Philippines; Wayne H. Oetken, Post 161, Wentworth, SD; Robert E. Frank, Post 112, Salt Lake City, UT; William H. Peninegar, Post 93, Huntington, WV; and Howard Lang, Post 98, Cumberland, WI.

Artist's drawing of Montana Legion/ JKTow. At Last. Auxiliary Veterans IVIonument. Post 271, Chicago, IL, presented Bi- An affordable Florida centennial "Award of Merit" to Morgan A. Finley, clerk of circuit court of Cook County for "outstanding contribution, retSrement parailise devotion and dedication in the continu- ing of veteran services and programs." for Veterans. Mayor Donald I. Wood proclaimed week of March 14-20 as American NO CASH WmX. NO CU^mG COHTS Legion Week in Chrisman, IL. Legion's Veterans! You can now own a beautiful one family home (1,2 or 3 57th anniversary was highlighted by bedrooms) including landscaped lot in VETERAJVS VILLAGE, Florida's first Post 477 in special program. community created for retiring veterans. *Prices range from $16,990 to 624,990 with total monthly carrying charges as low as $156. At St. Mary's Cemetery, Post 66, And thanks to the newVeterans Housing Act renewing full G. I. mortgage DeKalb, IL, established an "Avenue of benefits for all qualified veterans, you pay NO cash dowm and NO closing Flags." Each flag honors deceased fees. veteran. In the heart ofFlorida's "Suncoast" (30 miles from Tampa and 5 miles "Spirit of 76" Committee of Oneida from the Gulf), there is a vast recreation pavilion on premises — pool, (NY) County American Legion held saunas, gym, meeting, game and hobby rooms. Pavilion membership is mass installation of officers from 27 optional. Seven Springs Golf Cotu-se, four major shopping centers. Gulf Legion posts. Over 300 post officers beaches and fishing are within a few miles. It'sjust an hours drive to one ofthe nation's largest VA Hospitals. participated in ceremony at Rome Free What a golden opportunity to enjoy carefree, srmshine living startliig Academy Stadium, Rome, NY. ri^tnowINo need to touch your savings. Low, low monthly charges are easy on your retirement income. Have a fabulous Florida vacation for the rest ofyour life. Send the coupon for your FREE VETERANS VILLAGE * are subject to change without notice KI'P today. ^-N./'^-^ y*!"^ V P™es Edward Ridley Lehmann, 78, Lang- dale, AL, Department Commander (1943-44). Everett Z. Getten, 77 Wayzata, MN, Department Commander (1956-57), and alternate NECman (1957-59). Max Fife, Blackwell, OK, Depart- ment Commander (1941-42). George F. Bruno, 53, Bethlehem, PA, Department Commander (1961-62). NEW POSTS The following new posts were recently chartered by The American Legion: Tal- VETERAJVS VILLAGE, Seven Springs Seven Springs bert, Robinson, Lockhart, Girod Post Bo.x 673, New Port Richey, Horida 33553 384, Denham Springs, LA; Apple Valley Send my FREE Veterans Village Kit (color brochure, model plans AL-3 and prices, Florida insi)ection trip details) by return mail: Post 1776, Apple Valley, MN; North Wilkesboro Post 125, North Wilkesboro- Name NC; Mustang Post 78, Mustang, OK; Mannford Post 179, Mannford, OK; Address Riverside Post 314, Jenks, OK; Stars City. and Stripes Veterans Association Post .State , .Zip. 98, Anao, Tarlac, Philippines; Ex- Interested In home with ! bedroom 2 bedrooms a 3 bedrooms Philippine Scouts Legion Post 103, o I would like to plan a visit to Veterans Village. HOUSING Philippines; Carthage Post EQUAL Iriga City, NO COST OR OBUGtATIOK Phone #( ) OPPORTUNITY 652, Carthage, TX.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 35 NEWS

LIFE MEMBERSHIPS which awarded the life membership. St., N.W., Washington, DC 20006." Tiiey may get form by sending stamped, Basic Trng A-8-3, Ft. Knox, KY—Need to self-addressed return envelope to: hear from comrades who recall David B. The award of a life membership to a Le- "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, Williams was hospitalized for acute bron- gionnaire by a Post is a testimonial by 1608 K St., N.W. Washington, D.C, 20006. chitis and pneumonia. Please contact those who know best that such a member On a corner of the return envelope write "CID #332, The American Legion Maga- has served The American Legion well. the number of names you wish to report. zine, 1608 "K" St., N.W., Washington, DC Below are listed some of the previously No written letter necessary to get forms. 20006." unpublished life membership Post awards that have been reported to the editors. They are arranged by States or Departments. OUTFIT REUNIONS Charles Foster, W. F. Rooney, Arnold Bicentennial Relay Is Reunion will be held in month indicated. Schuma (all 1976) Post 19, Yuma, AZ For particulars write person whose address Wm Bramers, Peter Breschini, Ben Cahill, Breath Taking is given. Paul Caswell, Walter Messick, Holger Mik- Notices accepted on official forms only. kelsen (all 1973) Post 31, Salinas, CA The 14-member cross-country relay For form send stamped, addressed return Albert La Porte, Henry Long, P. T. Mcln- envelope to O. R. Form, American Legion tyre, M. D. MacMaster, Earl Price, Edward team from the Los Angeles Police De- Magazme, 1608 K St. N.W., Washington, D.C. Russell, (all 1975) Post 342, Los Angeles, CA 20006. Notices should be received at least Rennard Porath, Robert Bone (both 1976) partment featuring veterans and Legion- five months before scheduled reunion No Post 555, Midway City, CA written letter necessary to get form. naires is of Frederick Ducharme, (1975) John Blake, off on a Bicentennial Relay Earliest submission favored when volume Elzear Cotnoir, Charley Gaidis (1969) Walter Goodwill from Los Angeles to Mon- of requests is too great to print all. Sujak (1945), Post 15, Jewett City, CT Herbert Stearns (1976) Post 114, Groton, treal, the site of the 1976 Summer CT ARMY Arthur Reichert (1966) Post 43, Home- Olympic Games, a distance of 3,765 1st Cav Div— (Aug) Ralph Baer, PO Box 5129, Ft Hood, IX 76544 stead, FL miles. Harold Goodemote, Lemoine Hauderschilt 1st Gas Regi— (Sept) David Jones, 136 Vir- (both 1975), Post 89, Tampa, FL The team began its transcontinental ginia Ave., PittbDurgh, PA lo2ii Lam'e Antlon, Wm Buskey, Charles Leh- 3rd Gen Hosp— (Sept) Jay beais, k.09 Stewart man (all 1976) Post 110, Port Charlotte, FL relay from the Los Angeles Memorial Ave., Rossville, IL 60963 3rd Ord Co MM— (Sept) Edward Hofer, 740 Glen Bischoff, Earl Hurlander, Charles Coliseum, where the 1932 Olympics Geupel (all 1975) Gilbert Linnenburger, John Sanders Rd., Akron, OH 44320 Blake, Paul Bielfeldt, Mike Pukalla (all were held, on Flag Day, June 14. It was 5th Arm'd Div (WW2) (Midwest)— (Sept) 1976) Post 155, Harvey, IL Harry Whitesell, 111 W. 19th, Grand Is- Daniel Guzzi, Edmund Hall, Thomas scheduled to arrive in Montreal July 4. land, NE 68801 5th Fid Sig Bn (WWl)— (Sept) Howard Hughes, Edgar Johnston, Everett Johnston, Eleven of the runners are veterans, William Jones, (all 1976). Post 728, Chicago, King, 266 Beverly St., San Francisco, CA 94132 IL seven are Legionnaires. Their route is Frank Benesh (1975) Post 791, Northbrook, 5th QM Bn— (Sept) D. K. Youngblood, 2726 IL northward to the State of Washington Sunset Dr., Charlotte, NC 28209 Charles Baker, Samuel Hulce (both 1976) 10th SU Hosp (WW2)— (Sept) Jack Getz, 127 and then directly east to Montreal Post 10, Marion, IN 31st St. NW, Cedar Rapids, lA 52405 14th Arm'd Art'y Bat John Alderson, Imogene Bates, Willie across the northern tier of American A (WW2)— (Aug) Bowen, George Chinn, Earl Cloyd, Hunter George Biddle, 202 Dellwood R., Roch- Coleman (all 1976) Post 52, Harrodsburg, KY states. ester, NY 14616 Gene Knight, Gammon Newman (both 17th Arm'd Eng Co E (WW2)— (Sept) Thomas Walker, 1041 E. Sprague St., 1975) , Post 289, Clay, KY Terrell Cass, Ralph Smith, Fred Stanage Winston-Salem, NC (all 1976) Post 116, Niles, MI 18th Coast Art'y— (Sept) Charles Justus, Charles Arthur, Edwin Boyle, Vincent 625 Yaronia Dr., Columbus, OH 43214 Boyle, Edlon Casteel, Orren Dereamer (all 21st Eng Com Bn— (Sept) Wilber Meier, 2103 1976) Post 216, Milford, MI Tesla Dr., Colorado Springs, CO 80909 Laurence Bougie, Zlate Cole, Efthimios 27th Div— (Sept) Ralph Hitchcock, 217 Reese Efantis, George Garrison, Leo Hatges (all Ave., Vestal, NY 13850 1976), Post 129, Minneapolis, MN 28th Div 3rd Bn (WW2 and Korea)— (Aug) Edward Trunk (1976) Post 216, Princeton, Gerald Buchanan, PO Box 305, Bradford, MN PA 16701 August Ofstead, Allison Taylor, George 29th Inf Div (WW2 & 1)— (Sept) Benjamin Way, Wm Zuercher, Leslie Wood (all 1975) Cassell, 525 Parksley Ave., Baltimore, MD Post 259, Excelsior, MN 21223 Charles Hallbert (1976) Post 491, Bayport, 30th Inf Div MP Plat— (Sept) L. C. Hamilton, MN 2439 Gayland Rd., Jacksonville, FL 32218 Herman Mueksch, Ernest Nelson, Martin 33rd Arm'd Eng Bn Co C— (Sept) Carl Lar- Peters, John Shipp, R. C. Scherbarth, La- son, RR#1, Box 54, Sloan, lA 51055 Vern Siefrist (all 1976) Post 239, Rushville, 35th Div— (Sept) Raymond Vaughn, Box 4022, NE Topeka, KS 66604 Louis Milinazzo (1976) Post 48, Hudson, NH 36th Inf Div (WW2 & 1)— (Sept) James Kevan McCaul (1976) Post 1051, Baldwin, Minor, 711 W. 7th St., Post, TX 79356 NY 37th Div— (Sept) Danny Pecchio, 2535 Na- Phil Wolf, Standord Hershkowitz (both dyne Dr., Youngstown, OH 44511 1976) Post 1072, Brooklyn, NY Officer Frank Janowicz, Los Angeles Po- 37th QM— (Sept) Robert Beuck, 2487 Warren Philip Lagana (1976) Post 1437, Brooklyn, lice Post 381, practices baton pass to Pkwy #3, Twinsburg, OH 44087 38th Sta Hosp (Sept) Bryan Hills- NY Officer (WW2)— Charles Foster, Howard Green, Clarence Ed Garcia before relay from Los man, 7202 Bounty Dr., Sarasota, FL 33581 Mitchell, Henry Peters, August Seeber (all Angeles to Montreal. 40th Div Hvy Mtr Co (Korea)— (Sept) Har- 1973) Post 1593, South Dayton, NY land Clift, 33 B. Hiland, Benton, AR 72015 Quentin Schulte (1976) Post 134, Stanley, 43rd Air Serv Sqd—(Aug) Wm. Churchill, ND COMRADES IN DISTRESS 17010 9th Ave. SE, Bothell, WA 98011 Allen Peters, Emmon Robb, Ernest Roman, 43rd Div (Sept) Gideon Burnham, Meadow Readers who can help these veterans are — Carl Wilson, Miles Russell (all 1976) Post Brook Village Bldg 1, Apt 9, West Lebanon, urged to do so. Usually a statement is 101, Portland, OR NH 03784 Jiles Clugh, Caron Hake (both 1976) Galen needed in support of a VA claim. 46th Eng Const Bn (WW2)— (Sept) Donald Notices are run only at the request of Gates, Wilbur Goodhart, Earl Hile (all 1952) McGuire, 3527 E. 42nd St., Minneapolis, MN Mark Hemminger (1955) Post 223, Shippens- American Legion Service Officers represent- 55406 burg, PA ' ing claimants, using Search For Witness 51st Pioneer Inf (WWl)— (Sept) Wm. Hor- Leoncio Libato (1973) Jesus Balbuena, Al- Forms available only from State Legion nung. Box 266, Kerhonkson, NY 12446 fredo Familiar, Basilio Menao, Tranquilino Service Officers. 52nd Sig Bn— (Sept) Mike Balon, 20 Haines Capobres, Dionesio Tabuco, Francisco 24th Div., 21st Reg., Co B—Need information Place, Little Falls, NJ 07424 Aguerri (all 1976) Post 11, Cebu City, Philip- from any comrades who recall Richard 54th Sig Bn— (Sept) George Brugnone, 680 pines R. Welch received a back injury while Bundy Ave., San Jose, CA 95117 Orion Pugh (1976) Post 24, Johnson City, rolling a 55 gallon oil drum while stationed 65th Inf.— (Aug) Mort Jenkins. 3806 W. Je- TN in Korea. Please contact CID #327, The rome, Skokie, IL 60076 Clyde Smith, Jr. (1976) Post 118, Milan, TN American Legion Magazine, 1608 "K" St., 70th Eng Lt Ponton Co (WW2)— (Sept) David Maxwell A. Madison (1975) Post 142, Og- N.W., Washington, DC 20006." Russell, 51 S. Lippincott Ave., Maple den UT 4th Sig Bn—Need information from com- Shade, NJ 08052 Charles Kirchheimer, George McCarthy rades who recall James Almeida (SGT) 84th Inf (Railsplitters)- (Aug) Henry San- (both 1975) Raymon Murden, Edward Wil- received a wound to his right knee, and a ders, 1361 Gasparilla Dr., Ft. Myers, FL kinson (both 1976) Post 204, Norfolk, VA reinjury to back while stationed in Korea. 33901 John Moore, Wm Murphy, Torlock Ras- Please contact CID #328, The American 87th Eng Hvy Ponton Ban (WW2)— (Sept) mussen, John Roe, Sr., Dallas Wolfe, Sr., Legion Magazine, 1608 "K" St., N.W., Wash- Ralph Wilson, 54 Nakota, Clawson, MI 48017 Dale Zinn, (all 1976) Post 12, Grafton, WV ington, DC 20006." 94th Sig Bn— (Sept) Herman Long, 121 La- Harold Christian, Clyde Freeman, Milton USS Denebola (AD-12) (WW2)—Need any fayette Ave., Columbus, IN 47201 Bartram, Robert Ellis, Iven Pridemore, information from comrades who recall 99th Recon Trp— (Sept) W. J. Osterkamp, Tracy Vickers (1975) Post 103, Chapman- Warren C. Wischweh lacerated his left 433 Kitty Ln., Cincinnati, OH 45238 ville, WV thumb while stationed at Eniwetuk Atoll 100th Inf Div— (Sept) Anthony Tom, 25 Lu- Clarence Utter (1976) Post 187, Wiconsin in the Marshall Islands. Please contact anne Rd., Stratford, CT 06497 Dells, WI "CID #330, The American Legion Maga- 101st Inf, Co L (WWl)— (Sept) George Kane, Roy Sonnenberg, Robert Ryan (both 1974) zine, 1608 "K" St., N.W., Washington, DC #20 Circular Ave., Natick, MA 01760 Michael Andrewski, Frank Simonis (both 20006." 101st Ord Co MM— (Aug) Stephen Kadlik, 1976) Post 9, Wisconsin Rapids, WI Stevador Trans—Need to hear from com- 17 South St., Cochituate. MA 01778 Life Memberships are accepted for pub- rades who recall Leroy F. Dyer received 108th Inf HQ Co (WWl)— (Sept) Howard lication only on an official form, which we a back injury while stationed in Goose Kohler, 8985 Wehrle Dr., Clarence, NY 14031 provide. Reports received only from Com- Bay, Labrador. Please contact "CID #331, 109th Eng Co B (WWl)—(Aug) H. S. Sey- mander, Adjutant or Finance Officer of Post The American Legion Magazine, 1608 "K" mour, 319 Barker Bldg., Omaha, NE 68102

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JU LY 1976 —

HOth Fid Art'y Bat A (WW2)— (Sept) Hank 66th & 1022nd Seabees— (Sept) John Chand- Crawford, 1820 E. 32nd St., Baltimore, MD Cancer Fund Prize ler, PO Box 340, McLemoresville, TN 38235 21218 77th N.C.B.— (Sept) John Clark, 728 Barron 112th Cav Reg't—(Aug) Lionel Carter, 1621 Ave., Woodbridge, NJ 07095 Cleveland St., Evanston, IL 60202 93rd N.C.B.— (Sept) Edgar Cox, 7732 E. 115th Inf Cannon Co— (Sept) Wayne Rankin, Holmes Ave., Mesa, AZ 85208 132 Old Indiana Rd., Homer City, PA 15748 107th N.C.B.— (Sept) Norman Joseph, 2020 115th Inf Co H— (Sept) Carroll Owings, 1732 S. 14th Ave., Broadview, IL 60153 Sykesville Rd., Westminster, MD 21157 LST 288— (Sept) Melvin Kedzior, 7845 St. 115th Med Bn Co C— (Aug) Richard Pearl, Patricia Ln., Baltimore, MD 21222 Fulton, OH 43321 LST 380— (Sept) Gerald Hughes, 609 First St., 120th Ord Co MM— (Aug) Fred Phillips, Athens, PA 18810 Route #1, Markle, IN 46770 USS Amycus ( ARL-2)— (Sept) Ed Mattingly, 131st Ord Maint Bn— (Sept) AI Irwin, Mound 1949 Marta Dr., Pleasant Hill, CA 94523 City, KS 66056 USS Ashtabula ( AO-51)— (Sept) Bob Rich- 132nd Gen Hosp— (Sept) John Schoeph, 907 ards, 3137 Floyd Cir., Augusta, GA 30906 N. 18th Ave., Melrose Park, IL 60160 USS Attu (CVE 102)— (Aug) Darrell Hun- 134th Inf Co F (WWl)— (Sept) Earl Fauver, ter, 4107 Holly, Kansas City, MO 64111 408 N. 10th St., Wymore, NE 68466 USS Ault (DD 698) (WW2)— (Sept) Jim 135th/1265th Eng (C) Bn (WW2)— (Sept) H. J. Clark, 5215 Arrowhead Ln., Drexel Hill, PA Batiste, PO Box 69, Hillsboro, NH 03244 19026 136th FA Bat'y H— (Aug) Allen Schramm, USS Baham (AG 71)— (Sept) Everett Hicks, RD#2, Box 57, St. Clairsville, OH 43950 506 8th St., SW. Rochester, MN 55901 142nd Inf Co B— (Aug) Mrs. Victor Davidson, USS Bennington (82nd VT & CAG)— (Sept) 22 Queen Ann St., Friendship, NY 14739 Vincent Carnazza. 1428 Dunstan Ln., VA 148th Arm'd Sig Co— (Sept) George Beach VA 23455 L'Homme, 565 Boswell Ave., Norwicli, CT USS Cascade (AD 16) — (Aug) Joe Knipe, Jr., 03360 492 W. Valley Rd., Wayne, PA 19087 156th Fid Art'y Bn 44th Div— (Sept) Edward George Delivorias, of Starkville, MS, USS Clay (APA 39)— (Sept) Arthur Dussault, Kubash, 4465 Red Arrow Rd., Stevensville, 3410 Wooster Rd, 213 A, Rocky River, OH MI 49127 national commander's representative on 44116 157th Inf— (Sept) Robert Pflanz, 2629 38th USS Corry (DD 463) (Sept) Grant clock donated (WW2)— St., Des Moines, lA 50310 naval affairs, poses with Gullickson, 1909 Salk St., VA Beach, VA 160th Fid Art'y— (Sept) Wesley Johnson, PO by Hall Company that will be prize in 23455 Box 129, Chandler, OK 74834 USS Hobby (DD 610)— (Sept) Raymond Si- 162nd Inf— (Sept) W. F. Bushnell, 2634 N.E. Mississippi Legion's $10,000 cancer mons, 3283 Saunder Settlement Rd., San- Tillamook St., Portland, OR 97212 born, NY 14132 163rd AAA Gun Bn Bat B— (Sept) Ollie fund-raising campaign. USS Lucidor (AF 45)— (Sept) Gerold Ha- Coker, 1099 Greenview Ave., Des Plaines, velka, 206 Cummins Ave., Houston, PA IL 60016 15342 168th Inf, Co E (WW2)— (Sept) Dale Castle, USS Mt. Vernon (WWl)— (Sept) Charles Box 267, Shenandoah, lA 51601 Lyons, PO Box 144, Dorchester, MA 02122 179th Inf— (Sept) J. T. Smith, PO Box 709, 598th Topgrp Eng (WW2)— (Sept) Joseph USS Mt. Vernon (WW2)— (Sept) Alfred Perry, OK 73077 Taylor, 110 Dolores St., San Francisco, CA Woodward, 5411 E. 87th Ave., Kansas City, 180th Inf— (Sept) Floyd Mahaney, PO Box 94103 MO 64132 429, Durant, OK 74701 609th Tnk Dest Bn— (Sept) George Funke, USS Northampton (CA 26) — (Sept) R. Rene, 185th Serv Bat^(Sept) Orville Seamer, 3260 Oakford Rd., Trevose, PA 19047 5284 Appian Way, Long Beach, CA 90803 RR#1, Goose Lake, lA 52750 627th QM— (Sept) Glen Smith, 143 Riverside USS Parche (SS 384)— (Aug) Richard Frank, 203rd AAA, Bat D— (July) Alva Henderson, St., Chillicothe, OH 45601 2970 Howell Rd., Golden, CO 80401 2817 E. 13th St., Columbus, IN 47201 684th Port Co, 389th Port Bn— (Sept) Frank USS Pickaway (APA 222) — (Sept) John 232nd SL Bn Bat B (WW2)— (Sept) Peter Riccio, 700 Woodward Ave., New Haven, Mansfield, 4016 47th Ave., E, Tacoma, WA Menage, 412 5th Ave., Sibley, lA 51249 CT 06512 98443 240th Fid Art'y Bn— (Sept) Charles Hirsch, 689th Ord Ammo Co— (Sept) Darrell Fisher, USS Roe (DD 418)— (Sept) J. J. Noonan, Box 158, Poseyville, IN 47633 1066 Euclid Place, Huntington, WV 25701 Jr., 9 Ancient County Way, Manchester, 246th VA Nat'l Grd CA— (Sept) Ray Cross, 691st Tnk Dest Bn— (Sept) Frank Antonini, MA 01944 1209 Kerns Ave, SW, Roanoke, VA 24015 373 Sugartown Rd., Wayne, PA 19087 USS Savannah (CL 42)— (Sept) O. J. Jin- 250th Coast Art'y— (Sept) Philip Tomasello, 710th Tnk Bn (WW2)— (Sept) Michael Mez- dracek, 63 Thayer Dr., New Shrewsbury, 245 Ellsworth St., San Francisco, CA 94110 zacappa, 22 Andrew St., Staten Island, NY NJ 07724 253rd Sig Const Co— (Sept) Francis Beckett, 10305 USS Seahorse (SS 304)— (Aug) Sheldon 496 W. Chestnut St., Canton, IL 61520 7Hth Tnk Bn Co C—(Aug) Robert Lippman, Stubbs, 3636 N.E., 102 Portland, OR 97220 279th Inf— (Sept) John Coleman, 3902 E. 15th, 1441 Joyce Ln., Seaford, NY 11783 USS Silverstein (DE 534)— (Sept) James Den- Tulsa, OK 74112 713th Flame Throwing Tnk Bn— (July) ver, 63 Eleanor Rd., Springfield, MA 01108 305th Ammo Train (WWl )— (Sept) Louis Robert Fisher, 697 Bristol Rd., Churchville, USS Thomas Jefferson (APA 534)— (Aug) Goldberg, 1032 Parkview Dr., New Ken- PA 18966 Eugene Ackmann, Sr., 129 Harvest Dr., St. sington, PA 15068 714th & 741st Bwy Oper Bn— (Sept) Joseph Charles, MO 63301 306th Fid Sig Bn (WWl)— (Sept) C. E. Mc- Burgess, 6528 Winsdale St., Minneapolis, USS Wake Island (CVE 65)— (Sept) Emil Kinney, 29 Jewett Ave., Cortland, NY 13045 MN 55427 Krafft, 103 Deery Ln., Tullahoma, TN 37388 311th Ord Depot Co— (Sept) Jack Scott, PO 719th R.O.B. (WW2)— (Sept) Rodney Run- Box 961, Princeton, WV 24740 steen, 12620 W. Dodge Rd., Omaha, NE 315th Inf Reg't (WW2)— (Sept) Francis 68154 Oczko, 144 N. 6th St., New Hyde Park, NY 721st Eng Depot Co— (Sept) Clayton Steffen, AIR 11040 5935 Monks Rd, Canadiaqua, NY 14424 14th Air Force— (July) Ed Chesin, 7000 329th Reg't Co H (WWl)— (Sept) C. E. Pitsen- 728th Amphbn Trctor Bn & 775th Tnk Dest Tangue Verde Rd., Tucson, AZ 85731 barger, 516 N. Center St., Versailles, OH Bn—(Aug) Harold McCoy, 139 E. Auburn- 22nd MR & R Sqd— (Sept) Fred Napei, 8362 45380 dale, Youngstown, OH 44507 Balboa St., Ventura, CA 93003 332nd Inf (WWl)— (Sept) Mrs. Alfred 741st Eng Base Equip Co— (Sept) Harry Pol- 48th Ftr Sqd, 14th Ftr Gp (WW2)— (Sept) Streicher, 3168 Angleterre Blvd., Akron, ing, RT#5, Box 72, Maple Manor, Muncie, George Schulgen, Box 269, Port Isabel, TX OH 44312 IN 47302 78578 343rd Eng Co C— (Sept) Russell Murten, PO 751st Tnk Bn (M)— (Sept) Alfred Jones, 68th Ftr Sqd (WW2)— (Sept) Allen Roth, 3522 Box 154, New Buffalo, MI 49117 RD#2, Mayville, NY 14757 E. Southport Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46227 353rd Inf (WWl)— (Sept) Mrs. Horace Shurtz, 775th Fid Art'y— (Sept) Lucian Reynolds, 76th Serv Sqd— (Aug) Walter Johnson, 1800 4 E. 19th, Hutchinson, KS 67501 4525 S. First St., Louisville, KY 40214 Jerome Ave., Grand Rapids, MI 49507 376th & 400th Port Bn— (Sept) George Cole, 809th Tnk Dest Bn— (Sept) Joseph Pierce, 94th Bmb Gp (H, WW2, All Units)— (Sept) 7918 S. Throop St., Chicago, IL 60620 13577 Edgefield St., Cerritos. CA 90701 Paul Baba, 5231 Geer Rd., Hughson, CA 391st Inf 98th Div Serv Co—(Aug) Patsy 893rd Tnk Dest Bn— (Sept) Harry Sinclair, 95326 Serra, 243 Edison St., Staten Island, NY RT#2, Box 126A, Gambrills, MD 20154 106th Bmb Sqd— (Aug) Gordon Ebbe, 2211 10306 988th MP Co (WW2)— (Sept) John Robertson, Wynkoop Dr., Colorado Springs, CO 80909 405th Inf 102nd Div Co D— (Sept) G. F. Mc- 1130 Ashbridge Rd., W. Chester, PA 19380 138th Aer Sqd (WWl)— (Sept) Joseph La- Cauley, 455 Fruitland Ave., Louisville, OH 1256th Eng Com Bn— (Aug) Frank Lengyel, fond, 321 Charles St., Woodburn, OR 97071 44641 674 Deering Dr., Akron, OH 44313 312th Bmb Gp— (July) Dennis Hughes, 66 427th Ord Tire Repair Co— (Sept) Henry 1881st SCU Hosp Det— (July) Ramon Chaya, Baltimore Ave., Narragansett, RI 02882 Damron, 423 E. 80th St., Kansas City, MO 3730 Pearl St., Batavia, NY 14020 385th Bmb Gp (H)— (Sept) John Ford, 7204 64131 1905th Eng Ave Bn— (Aug) Leslie Read, 7310 Easy St., Camp Springs, MD 20031 455th AAA Bn Bat'y D— (Aug) Buford Park Terrace Dr., Alexandria, VA 22307 402nd Ftr Sqd 370th Ftr Gp (WW2)— (Aug) Devers, 405 Glengarry Dr., Nashville, TN 3711th QM Co— (Sept) Clifford Corder, 505 Edward Meyer, 4829 Dreux Ave., New Or- 37217 Woodburn Rd., Rockville, MN 20851 leans. LA 70126 485th Com Eng Bn— (Sept) A. J. Isring- Americal Ord— (Sept) John Rokitka, 160 403rd Bmb Sqd— (Sept) Leslie Christiansen, hausen, 516 W. Pearl St., Jerseyville, IL Slade Ave., Buffalo, NY 14224 Box 242. Bradshaw, NE 68319 60252 Clinton County AAF Base Glider Unit 465th Bmb Gp H 780th Sqd— (Aug) Wm. 497th AAA Gun Bn— (Sept) Laverne (Aug) James Wixson, 316 S. Walnut St., Zewadski, 524 First Federal Bldg., St. Huschka, 2141 E. Memorial Dr., Janesville, Wilmington, OH 45177 Petersburg, FL 33701 WI 53545 Los Angeles MP (Sept) Curtis Lord Sr., 485th Bmb Gp 828th Bmb Sqd— (Aug) Robert 512th — Eng Lt Ponton Co— (Sept) Kenneth 102-lOth Ave., Mobile, AL 36611 Deeds, 4643 286th St., Toledo, OH 43

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 37 Photos spanning 90 years show effects of man, nature on Chimney Rock.

DESPITE the battering of man and trial East. A survey of period jour- neers also shot away outcroppings nature, geologists say Chimney nals indicates that it was the best near the top of the tower, and an Rock may still survive for another known landmark along the pioneer artillery battery from nearby Fort 300 years to delight and puzzle trav- migration trails. Hardly a passerby Laramie once used Chimney Rock elers on the Nebraska Panhandle. failed to mention it in letters and for target practice! This unique sandstone and vol- articles and a few even provided Some sensed that the formation canic ash formation rises above the primitive sketches. was doomed from the moment they North Platte River Valley like an Frail compared to other forma- saw it. Father Pierre Jean De Smet inverted funnel. In the 19th century tions, Chimney Rock is vulnerable prophesied in 1840 that in "... a few it was a beacon, a lighthouse in the to man and nature. Emigrants swam more years (it) will crumble away middle of noM^here on the Mormon the North Platte to scratch their ini- and make only a little heap on the ." and Oregon wagon trails. Today, the tials into the formation's soft Brule plains. . . city of Bayard stands three miles to clay, Arickaree sandstone and vol- Chimney Rock is now a National the north on U.S. Route 26. canic ash. Wind and rain erased the Historic Site. An interpretive center Sioux and Cheyenne Indians called signatures almost as fast as they outlines the history of the rock and the formation the "Teepee" or "Wig- were rendered, and lightning tore at the nearby trails which remain vis- wam," but the white man chose a the spire, sending huge chunks plum- ible in places. name more familiar with the indus- meting into the valley below. Pio- —Warren H. Spencer

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 —

Shoplifter Cure Pays Dividends A community project is saving taxpayers in Boulder County, Colo- rado, up to $600 in virtually every shoplifting and petty theft case. Confronted with a rising number of arrests in both categories, the county court and the Boulder district attorney's office decided to offer of- fenders the option of paying a fine and/or serving a jail term, or per- forming some specified community service. Records for the past year indicate that of 371 persons who chose to give service, only 13 failed to perform as promised, and only four committed another crime within Consider this. that jurisdiction. A single bolt of What type of service are offenders AND COSTLY lightning strikes asked to perform? Knitting caps and miles away near power lines leading to your home. mittens for "Head Start" children, favors or making hot pads and tray Thousands of volts are sent surging through your for "Meals on Wheels" were two of electrical system. Motors burn out, wiring melts, the community services chosen by appliances are ruined. older women. Younger persons clean Fuses or circuit breakers alone don't stop these up trash in city parks or along high- surges. In the few minutes it takes to install The ways. Some do janitorial work in the Protector from General Electric, an Underwriters' county courthouse. A typical assign- ment covers 16 working hours. Laboratories approved home lightning protector, you can help stop lightning surge "It's a positive program," says damage. Don't take County Judge Martin Steinberg. chances. Protect yourself with The Protector home "It may cost society anywhere lightning protector from General Electric. BE SAFE — from $150 to $600 to handle one NOT SORRY — STOP WORRYING. shoplifting case by the time officers, court clerks, a prosecutor and judge become involved. Steinberg also finds most first of- fenders see the prospect of wiping off the mark on their record as an unexpected plus. In a typical case the prosecutor will recommend deferred prosecution or deferred sentencing. The accused person is then placed on six months probation, one condition being that Fast, Safe, Sure and Dependable. Only he perform at least 16 hours of com- $14.95 munity service. If the six months go Don't Delay — Send Today For by with no other violations, the charges are dismissed. your safe, low cost, money saving "PROTECTOR" from General Electric Placements are arranged by Bar- for homes, businesses, farms, etc. bara Fitzgerald of the Boulder dis- Complete, simple, installation, instructions enclosed. Send check or trict attorney's office. money order for $14.95 complete. Postage, packaging and handling $2.00 "A number harbor resentment extra. No C.O.D. Send complete name, address and zip. Florida residents against society, feeling that they are add 4% sales tax. All orders on this quality name brand product filled the ones being ripped off by the by return mail. system," she said. "They'll say something like, 'Well, it was a big store and I didn't think the little thing I took would ever be missed.' UNITY DISTRIBUTING CO. Community service makes them Rt.l3, 2CaymanCt., Jamaica Bay West, Ft. Myers, Fla. 33901 more aware that they are part of the whole community, and that many 12 MONTH UNIT REPLACEMENT WARRANTY BY G.E. other people have needs much ORDER FORM: Enclosed $16.95 check or money order for G.E. PROTECTOR (Includ- ing $2.00 for postage, packaging and handling $16.95 total). Florida residents add greater than theirs." — 4% sales tax. If Boulder County settled for $600 per case, the plan would be a suc- NAME cess. The dividends promise to be ADDRESS much greater. Helen S. Phillips CITY STATE- ZIP-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 39 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 21 into the side of the Richard and a JOHN PAUL JONES, 'ROM lEL' OF THE REVOLUTION broken forestay of the Serapis fell across the deck of the Richard. it to load the brass cannon on his killing many gunners; wrecking the Jones, helped by a crew member, mansion. The crew of the Richard, rest of the six-gun battery and tear- secured it to his mizzenmast. still pretending they were British, ing through the deck above them. Then, for two unending hours, the gleefully handed over the keg. Jones, realizing he could not win a grappled warships poured shot into Jones selected Newcastle-on-Tyne gun-to-gun duel, decided to board the each other. The starboard gun ports as his next target. He hoped a raid Serapis. on the Serapis had been closed during on the city would cut London's coal Serapis demonstrated its superior- the early part of the fight. Pearson's supply. Other captains in his squad- ity, several times out-maneuvering gunners did not have enough room to felt the risk was too the Richard. Jones, however, brought swing them open, ron balked ; they and had to blow great. the Richard up to Serapis' starboard them off with Serapis' own guns. Early in the morning of Sept. 23, quarter and attempted to board. The With too little room to load their 1779, the Bonhomme Richard, Alli- boarding area was narrow, exposed guns and ram the charges home, they ance, Pallas and Vengeance came to concentrated fire and the attempt actually had to thrust their staves together a few miles south of Flam- was beaten off. The Serapis tried to into the Richard's gun ports. borough Head, a headland of high cut across the Richard's bow, lacked Captain Pearson sought to cut the chalk cliffs. At 2 p.m., Jones sighted headway and the Richard's bowsprit grappling lines, but Jones' sharp- a fleet of 41 merchant ships heading jammed into the Serapis' stem. Pow- shooters—many of them driven into south under convoy of the 50-gun the rigging by the terrible below- Serapis and the 20-gun Countess of decks fire of Pearson's 18-pounders Scarborough. —picked off the line-cutters as Capt. Richard Pearson of the Se- quickly as they appeared. Pearson rapis, who had been warned Jones dropped anchor in 15 to 20 fathoms was in the vicinity, directed his con- The British (90 to 120 feet), hoping that wind voy to turn north and seek refuge. and tide would pull the two ships Pearson interposed his ship between apart. Instead, they turned a half Jones and the retreating convoy and circle, stiU stuck tightly together. ordered the Countess of Scarborough Likened Him The point-blank cannonading con- to move close to the Serapis. tinued without pause. The heavier Pearson had made all the right guns of the Serapis tore apart the moves. His convoy was out of imme- To Robin Hood Richard's topsides, blowing away diate danger, and his Serapis and everything but a few supporting the Countess of Scarborough, draw- stanchions which kept the quarter- ing up beside him in a light wind, deck from crashing down on the presented solid opposition to Jones' or Dick Turpin gunroom. The sails of both ships re- squadron. Jones signaled his support- peatedly caught fire. The fighting was ing ships "Form Line of Battle," but interrupted only when control parties they paid no attention to the order, fought the flames; a moment later, continuing on their own courses. with the fire checked, the fighting It was now 6 p.m., and crowds of der smoke enveloped the two ships, resumed with full fury. spectators had begun to assemble on and Captain Pearson shouted: "Has In the meantime, Jones' squadron the cliffs of Flamborough Head. The your ship struck?" Jones, absolutely was behaving with its usual unpre- warships warily approached one an- fearless at the most dangerous mo- dictability. Pallas engaged the Count- other on a calming sea about three ment in his life, yelled back: "I have ess of Scarborough, disabling her nautical miles southeast of the cliffs. not yet begun to fight." (There are and forcing her to surrender cifter a Within two hours, the harvest moon, many versions of the exact quote, two-hour fight. Vengeance skirted two days short of full, would rise identical in meaning but differently around the edge of the battle, fight- above eastern clouds to illuminate phrased, and this one is most widely ing no one. Captain Landais of the the sea-battle brilliantly. accepted.) Alliance continued his role of a sea- The initial advantage clearly lay With his bowsprit lodged in the en- going madman. with the Serapis. It carried twenty emy's stern, Jones could not bring a During the early portion of the 18-pounders on its lower gun deck; cannon to bear on the Serapis. He Serapis-Richard battle, Landais the Richard had six. It was newer, backed topsails, pulled free and raked the Richard, killing two men faster and more maneuverable than brought the Richard parallel to the and injuring others. Two hours later, the American flagship, and it could Serapis. Next, he maneuvered to cut he returned to pour a broadside into throw a heavier broadside. across the Britisher's bow, but battle her port quarter, piercing her below Jones, hoping to offset superior damage to the Richard's rigging pre- the waterline. Finally, while a lieu- strength, flew British colors in an vented a proper turn; the two ships tenant of the Richard cried out fran- effort to move in close before his collided, and the projecting jib boom tically, "I beg you will not sink us!" true nationality was discovered. of the Serapis became entangled in Landais crossed the Richard's bow, Then, around 8 p.m., Jones swiftly the Richard's mizzen shrouds, near unleashing a broadside that killed a raised the American ensign and the stern of the American flagship. chief petty ofllcer and several other hurled a starboard broadside at the Thus snagged—and with a fresh men. Serapis. Pearson, not at all surprised, wind springing up—the Richard piv- The whole episode was the act of replied almost simultaneously with oted like the blade of a penknife, an irrational man. Full moonlight il- his main and upper deck batteries. coming smack up against the Serapis, luminated the fighting ships. The The first and second salvo were starboard touching starboard, with Richard's topsides were painted fired at pistol-shot range. Two of the the Richard's bow beside the Serapis' black; those of the Serapis were Richard's old 18-pounders burst. stern. The Serapis' anchor hooked bright yellow. After the battle,

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 Landais told a French officer that he a court-martial and knighted by King planned to help the English sink the George III, despite his defeat. When HELEN KELLER Richard, so that he could take the Jones heard of it, he remarked, "Let Serapis. He suffered no damage in the me fight him again, and I'll make SAID fight, and withdrew a half-hour be- him a lord." fore the battle ended. Jones later served as captain of the NOT HEARING Jones was down to three 9- sloop Ariel but he fought only one IS WORSE pounders—one of which he had more battle under the American flag: wheeled into place from the port an unsuccessful effort to capture a THAN side. A chief gunner bawled "Quar- 20-gun British privateer, the Tri- ters, Quarters, for God's sake!" Jones umph. He was decorated by Congress. NOT SEEING. threw a pistol at the man, hitting France invested him with the Order him in the head and knocking him of Military Merit. King Louis XVI of out. Sailors of the Serapis tried to France presented him a gold-hilted board the Richard, but were driven sword and at the end of the Revolu- back by seamen and French Ma- tion, Jones served briefly as a volun- rines. teer in the French fleet. Sniper fire from the rigging and In 1788, Catherine the Great of fighting tops of the Richard was so Russia appointed him a rear admiral. concentrated and deadly that "pow- His victories over the Turks in the der monkeys" on the Serapis dropped Black Sea were credited to others, the powder cartridges they were sup- and in April 1789, he was falsely ac- posed to hand to the gunners. Wil- cused of assaulting a young girl in liam Hamilton, a Scottish seaman on St. Petersburg (now Leningrad). the Richard, crawled out to the end Ill and disappointed, John Paul of a yardarm with a basket of gre- Jones returned to Paris and died nades and a live match. Lighting the there on July 18, 1792, less than a grenades, he dropped them through fortnight after his 45th birthday. an open hatch on the Serapis, ex- Gen. Horace Porter, American Am- ploding the scattered cartridges and bassador to France, began searching killing 20 men. Jones followed up this for Jones' grave in 1899. He located American advantage by directing the the Protestant cemetery outside full fire of his three 9-pounders at the Paris, now covered with sheds and Serapis' mainmast. tumbledown buildings. The lead coffin A few minutes before 10:30 p.m., in which Jones had been buried was with the mainmast beginning to tot- found; the well-preserved body was ter, Pearson tore down his ensign and examined by two anthropologists at surrendered. A few minutes later, as the Paris School of Medicine and defi- "Sensori-neural hearing loss." the mainmast fell overboard, taking nitely identified as the body of John That's what the doctors call Nerve the mizzen topmast with it, Pearson Paul Jones. In April 1905, President Deafness. Millions of older Ameri- handed his sword to Jones, and both Theodore Roosevelt, a stout cham- cans suffer from it. It is the most captains went below to drink a glass pion of the U.S. Navy, ordered the re- common form of hearing loss. of wine. Neither captain had suffered mains brought to the United States. a scratch, although both were in the On July 6, 1905—158th anniver- The problem used to be considered thick of battle for more than two sary of his birth—the French and hopeless. Now, something can often hours. Their flagships were shot to American governments held a me- be done about it! Most often, that pieces. The Richard was leaking morial service for Capt. John Paul "something" is a hearing aid! badly, and Jones went aboard the Jones at the American church on Radioear has a full line of behind- Serapis. the morning of Sept. 25, I'Avenue de I'Alma, Paris, On with 500 the-ear, eyeglass and conventional the Richard, despite strenuous efforts American bluejackets attending. hearing aids, designed to help to keep her afloat, sank bow-first into Jones' remains were taken to Cher- people to hear better. Check with the sea. bourg by special train, trans- and your physician— then check with Jones reached Texel Island, Hol- ferred with elaborate ceremony to a your Radioear Dealer. A Radioear land, with the remains of his fleet on French torpedo boat, which conveyed hearing aid may help you to better Oct. 3, 1779. He carried 504 prisoners, them to the cruiser USS Brooklyn. hearing. including 26 Royal Navy officers, and Four cruisers—the Brooklyn, Ta- he was an international hero. coma, Chattanooga and Galveston— Write for your copy Landais, whom Jones removed escorted the body to Nantucket of "Facts About from command, regained his post Shoals, where they were joined by Nerve Deafness." with the help of political friends. His the battleships Maine, Missouri, Ken- own men rebelled against him on his tucky, Kearsarge, Alabama, Illinois RADIOE^^) next voyage, removed him from com- and Massachusetts. The torpedo boat AN ESTERUNE COMPANY mand once again, and an American Standish took Jones' body ashore to court-martial dismissed him from the Annapolis and the U.S. Naval Acad- Radioear Corporation Continental Navy. He gained a flag emy—whose founding he had urged 375 Valley Brook Road command in the French Navy, serv- during the Revolution. President McMurray, Pa. 15317 ing until he retired for old age. He Roosevelt was the principal speaker AL 776 came back to the United States, col- at commemorative services on April * NAME lected an annuity from Congress and 24, 1906. The body was placed in the •ADDRESS died here in 1818. crypt—his permanent resting place- Captain Pearson was acquitted by on Jan. 26, 1913. end CITY STATE ZIP

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 41 . . .

Dateline Washington . .

BATTLE OVER OUR NAT'L FORESTS. FIRECRACKERS CAUSING FIREWORKS. AHEAD: EARTHQUAKE FORECASTS?

The environmentalists are pitted against achieving the scientific prediction of the $55 billion forest products and paper potentially destructive earthquakes , with the U.S. Geological Survey reporting sub- industry. It ' s a battle that could have serious economic repercussions for all stantial progress. USGS is conducting a continuing experiment using dense arrays Americans . . higher building and paper of geophysical sensors astride a costs, and lost j obs. highly At issue is clear-cutting in national seismic part of the San Andreas fault in central California. forests , the practice of cutting down acres of trees and then reforesting. Based on an A recent conference reviewed the state of 1897 law, the environmentalists won a the art of earthquake prediction and pre- court victory a year ago prohibiting the sented a proposal for notifying the public employment of modern forestry techniques when such disasters can be forecast. in national forests. The court didn't But what happens after people in an earth- actually ban clear-cutting. .. it said the quake zone are notified? How do we cope Forest Service could sell only trees that with the economic consequences — unemploy- were dead, mature or large and individually ment, loss of business, strengthening or marked in the four-state area of West closing buildings, etc? As one official Virginia, Virginia and the Carolinas. put it, "An earthquake prediction is only The decision would be an economic blow to the beginning of many problems, and not the answer. ..." the forest products industry .. .which buys 27 per cent of its trees from the govern- ment... if it were extended throughout the PEOPLE & QUOTES national forests. A bill now working its way through Congress would allow restricted U.S. NO. 1 LIBERALS' LOSS!

". . — clear-cutting in national forests. . make no mistake ^the "The liberals are giving up industrial and scientific power too soon on the kind of eco- This July 4th may be remembered as the of the U.S. is by far the nomic and social change that greatest in the world." Pres. we were trying to bring about last Independence Day with the big bang. The Giscard d'Estaing, France. in 1972 . . . they want a win- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, ner, almost no matter who it concerned over the mounting toll of NO MORE HEROES? is." Sen. George McGovern "I don't expect there will (SD). fireworks-related injuries , wants to limit be any more American mili- firecrackers to the "ladyf inger" variety, tary heroes because I don't INFLATION FOE with only 50 milligrams of powder. think we'll ever participate "We're firmly resolved not The Commission already has issued a in another war to win." Greg to permit money and credit tentative order on the matter. The regula- (Pappy) Boyington, WWII to expand at a rate that Marine flying ace. might release a new wave of tion, which would have no impact on the inflation. Let there be no existing ban on firecrackers in 32 states VIEW FROM EAST doubt about that." Arthur F. or on organized public displays, includes "The continuation of this Burns, chairman. Fed. Re- a requirement that fireworks' fuses burn rivalry (between U.S. and serve Board. USSR) is bound to lead to a at least three seconds but no longer than new world war some day. FREE ECONOMY BEST six seconds. This is independent of man's "A free economy, even with Starting out on the premise that all will." Premier Hua Kuo-Feng, its faults, vdll always be su- firecrackers should be banned, the Com- China. perior to an economy con- ran into trolled from government mission a buzz saw from Americans EDUCATION BLUES offices in Washington or any of Chinese descent who claimed that fire- "We live in a time of in- other capital of the world." crackers are used in religious ceremonies creasing uncertainty about Sec'y of Agriculture Earl protected by the First Amendment A total the purposes of education. Butz. ban, Gone is the conviction that in the regulators felt, would also in- our democratic society every PAEAN TO LABOR crease illegal trafficking and bootlegging citizen deserved the very best "The labor movement has of larger, more dangerous firecrackers. in the way of training and never been in better shape. discipline of the mind which Our political arm, COPE, has education purports to effect." never been better equipped The recent earthquakes in Italy and ." S. Dillon Ripley, sec'y, Smith- to do its job. . . George Guatemala have spurred scientists toward sonian Institution. Meany, president, AFL-CIO.

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 Spacemen Look At 3rd Century TAKE 4 THE John F. Kennedy Space Center ORDERS midway on Florida's east coast is the appropriate site of a unique exposi- NEXT tion looking ahead to America's third century. It is the only federally-spon- sored Bicentennial exhibition of its kind WEEKEND and it promises to be a vacation-time . . earn the shoes magnet for residents and visitors in the of your choice! southeastern states. A 30-acre Exposition on Science and alongside Technology has taken shape All you have to do is show your friends the buildings where the Saturn and this GIANT COLOR CATALOG Apollo space programs were managed, and send us the orders they'll give you! where men are monitoring the Viking Mail this coupon for our GIANT full- spacecraft's flight to Mars and where color catalog of the world's most beautiful MASON SHOE CO. Dept. G-635 work is underway on the manned space friends. shoes. When it comes, show your Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin 54729 shuttle. Send us their orders. Send 4 orders and Rush FREE giant color catalog and geodesic you've earned any pair of equal value for Fifteen futuristic-looking order blanks showing how I can take yourself. The money you make will pay for orders domes erected by The National Aero- 4 and earn my own shoes next the shoes of your choice. And you get 350 weekend! ^lsO nautics and Space Administration offer great styles to choose from! Why will friends tell me how I can earn EXTRA exhibits by 16 government agencies and give you their orders? Because they want to MONEY—BONUSES— AND PRIZES help, of course. But — more important — ten high-technology industrial firms. ...even a color TV or brand new car! because you're giving them a choice of nearly Military aircraft displays, including per- 350 great new styles. Men's shoes. Women's Name formances by the Navy Blue Angels shoes (matching handbags too). Dress, sport, and the Air Force Thunderchiefs add work, safety shoes. Sizes? You name it. And Address to the excitement. Visitors can reenact the prices are LOW. You'll see how low, and how easy it is, first weekend the catalog's in space shots and moon landings and ex- City your hands. Mail coupon today. amine much of the equipment used in State Zip the Apollo program. MASON SHOE MFG. CO. Dept G 635 One exhibit seeks to balance the Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin 54729 American picture with a condensed his- 200th Anniversary Key Ring tory of the past 200 years, but the em- phasis at the space center is definitely Raffles Raise Money... on tomorrow. The exposition is open through Sept. 7. Admission is $3 for adults, $2 for youths 12 to 18, $1 for children 3 to 11. A highlight is a 209- by 110-foot American flag painted on the center's for your huge vehicle assembly building. NASA officials claim it is the largest American Benefit raffles Post or Club benefit everyone. flag ever painted. Particularly treasuries of various Post sponsors. On donated prizes at $1 per chance, a 1 000 ticket raffle can net your (CONSTANT REMINDER post over $979. The more raffles you big cup desk set hold, the more money you make. FREE excellent for flyer gives details and raffle book ordering Thome-office or gift information. Write: T-C SPECIALTIES 'full 7" PLATED CLIP Co., Inc., P.O. Box 192, L, Coudersport, rwiTH smooth writing Pennsylvania 16915. STREAM LINER PEN IN MOVABLE SWIVEL, MOUNTED SPECIAL BLACK PAPERWEIGHT Bicentennial Souvenir Medallion UNDERLINED FELT WITH key ring commemorating the GOLD CLIP, BLACK BASE SALE PRICE $4.00 200th Anniversary of the Army, TREASURE MART THE Navy or Marine Corps. 1775- P.O. Box 776, Dept L-l-BIg Clip Gray, Ca. 31032 1975. Each copyrighted design Inspection, Money Back Guarantee 10 Day die struck in high relief with Forward $5.00 Check or Money Order. Inclgdes Shipping bronze finish. Reverse side suit- and Handling. 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THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 43 EVERY CITIZEN ENTITLED PERSONAL Need $100,000? EARLY RETIREMENT WARNINGS. You Can Get it CB RADIO BOOMS. USEFUL INFORMATION. From U. S. Gov't. HALF of those retiring these days are under 65. If early retire- WASHINGTON, D.C. (Special)- Now, ABOUT ment lures you, think seriously about the following: for the first time in history, the American public is being offered a new, easy- to- 1) Are you sure you can afford to call it quits? The only way to find out read, complete government information is to compile a realistic appraisal of your future costs and resources. Don't guidebook "that clearly informs you of kid yourself, because reversing your course later on is very difficult. the thousands of free benefits you are 2) How much will your pension Social Security reduced? entitled to ... up to 1100,000 worth for and be Your every citizen absolutely FREE." It fur- union or employer will spell out the pension situation. As for Social Se- ther points out how you can quickly curity: At 62, it's cut roughly 20%; at 63, 13%, and at 64, about 7% (for take advantage of them. husband and wife jointly, the reductions are a bit larger). Because you Unlimited Opportunities begin collecting benefits early, it will take the fellow who retires at 65 a Listed throughout the guidebook are dozen years to catch up with you in total payments. Not until both of you thousands of valuable (yet little known) are up in the 70's will he begin to gain an edge. free government services, aids and bene- 3) Who will foot your medical bills until you are eligible for Medicare? fits available for everyone, covering al- most every subject under the sun whether And what about your wife? business, personal, health or pleasure. 4) If retirement becomes boring, or you need extra money, could you The new '"guidebook" tells you where find another job? If so, note that prior to age 72 earnings of over $230 per and how to buy thousands of government month, or $2,760 per year, could penalize your Social Security check (and surplus items at a small fraction of their original cost. You can even get special your wife's portion, too, if she's drawing on your account). Conversely, government loans or outright free grants your wife's excess earnings will affect only her. Any additional earnings, list "benefits" of money. The of free of course, are taxable; Social Security is not. available is almost limitless, and anyone can take advantage of them.

Now Available To Public A 20-year-old government idea lately has caught fire. That's CB—Citi- To get a copy of this highly informa- zens Band radio, which enables people to communicate over the air-waves tive government information book send $10.00 cash, check, or M.O. to: U.S. via devices resembling sophisticated walkie-talkies. Applications for li- INFORMATION BOOK, Dept. AB7, censes, which once ran at the rate of 20,000 per month, now have zoomed to 20016 P.O. Box 40502, Washington, D.C. nearly 500,000 per month, creating a huge paper backlog. • The government (via the Federal Communications Commission) has , Advertisement, set aside 23 channels, called Class D, for citizen use. You can send personal verbal messages over these without first taking an operator's test or acquir- INFLAMED EYES? ing technical know-how. All the legal paraphernalia you need is a license Get prompt relief with LAVOPTIK, the and a rule book (which electronic dealers will help you obtain). Medicinal Eye Wash. Soothes granulated eye- • The equipment itself must operate within an output range of 1/10 lids, itching, irritation. Aids natural healing. Relied on by millions for dependable eye watt to 4 watts. Depending on the effectiveness of your gear, this will give comfort. Insist on genuine LAVOPTIK Eye you a communications reach of about ten to 20 miles. Wash with eye cup included, at your druggist. • Equipment costs vary widely—from around $50 for hand-held jobs Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back. that operate on only one or two channels, to several hundred dollars for Big opportunities. Big prof- all-channel models with lots of refinements. Incidentally, some dealers its. Earn quicl

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 : —.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 28 a number of economies and re- straints in the manpower area. As- Defense Chief Speaks Out for New Weapons suming the Congress would support these restraints, we reduced our re- effort over a number of years to defense budget to 55 per cent—while quest by $3 to $5 billion in FY 1977. arrest the adverse trends and to pro- military manpower levels have de- vide the fleet with ships which can clined from 2.7 million to 2.1 million THE FUTURE serve our demanding maritime mis- and civilian manpower levels have As stated, the military trends of sions in the 1980's and the 1990's. decreased by about 75,000. For this the past decade or so have been ad- THE TOTAL FORCE reason, we must ensure that we re- verse. Unless they are arrested now, strain manpower costs wherever pos- The U.S. force structure consists the United States could slide to a sible. of a carefully balanced set of active position of relative weakness in the and reserve combat units, ships, air- THE DEFENSE BUDGET future. The days are gone when Con- craft wings, etc. We have made great In January, the President proposed gress can make substantial cuts in strides in the organization and plan- a defense budget of $112.7 billion, a the defense budget, claiming that the ning for utilization of reserve com- real increase of almost 7 per cent budget is so large that the reductions ponent units and individual reservists compared to last year. Since the will not be missed. Such claims are alongside our active forces. original submission, the President simply not accurate today. I do not Our strategic concept provides for has recommended for FY 1977 an believe that the American people will prompt mobilization of the total additional $1.2 billion to begin a accept Congressional defense budget force, which means that reserve com- steady increase in our naval strength cuts that move the United States to ponent units must be combat ready over the years and an additional $300 a position of inferiority. Our free- and mission capable. To ensure that million to keep the Minuteman III dom is too important. our reserve component units are able production line open and begin pro- The U.S. military posture relative to meet the planning requirements curement of the more advanced war- to the Soviet Union today is the re- for early movement and combat, we head, the MK-12A. sult of decisions made many years are affiliating many of them with Compared to the level of expendi- ago. Our military capability in the nearby active units. tures in the FY 1976 budget, the years ahead will result from the de- In addition to reserve units, the increase in manpower costs has cisions we make today. It is fitting armed forces must have access to a caused a shift of $10 billion away that, as we begin our third century pool of personnel with military from research and development, as a nation, the President's defense training and experience. These procurement and operations and budget makes it clear that we will trained individuals are needed to maintenance. For this reason, we rec- not accept inferiority now or at any • Bring active and reserve com- ommended that the Congress adopt time in the future. end ponent units from peacetime to war- time strengths; portable NOW! Thanks to our • Fill units to be activated after amazing TV RADIO you can mobilization; and follow the top TV Shows and Stars wherever you • Provide replacements for losses are! At the beach, the TV RADIO supermarket ... In your car early in a war. . . . even on vacation! What's We are placing renewed emphasis Lets You Tune-in To Your your favorite program?"Happy on the requirements for and manage- Favorite TV Shov/s Days" . . . "The Walton's" ment of these manpower assets as a . . . "Lawrence Welk" . . Anytime, Anywhere! "Movin' On"? Never miss result of reductions in the activities it again'. Unique Portable of the Selective Service and the di- Picks up All Network, Locol TV TV RADIO tunes Into the audio portion of any TV Show minishing size of this manpower Stations... And AM/FM Radio Too! . . . gets all channels 2-13 pool. ... and brings them In loud look At Ail These Features! and clear! Lets you enjoy TV THE ALL-VOLUNTEER FORCE when there's no TV around! Also fine There is abundant evidence of the a AM/FM radio. success thus far of the All-Volunteer

Force concept. At the present time, Big. Dynamic y'i the active and reserve forces of the All-Volunteer Force are meeting Easy-Read ^ their basic military strength objec- / / HANOVER tives. The quality of new recruits, as / HOUSE. measured by educational levels and / Dept.Z-3301 mental capacity, has been improving / 340 Poplar St., y Hanover, Pa. 17331 over the long run and is higher today Sure, I want to follow my than in FY 1964, the last year in favorite TV programs even wiien tiiere's no TV around. which we had a peacetime draft. Kindly send Portable TV RADKKS) (Z423178) at the With a smaller force we must have New low price of iust $24.88 (similar models sold for as a better force. Today, the United much as $54.50!) plus $1.50 postage and handling on full States has the best educated and money-back guarantee.! skilled soldiers, sailors, airmen and Enclosed is $ (Pa. and Md. residents add sales tax.) marines in the world. A quality AVF, NEW LOW PRICE! $0^88 its price. SAVE! ALL THIS Carte Blanche Master Charge however, has Escalating FOR JUST jLr% Diners' Club Interbank # (similar models sold for as much as $54.50!) manpower costs have a pronounced Exp. Date- SEND NO MONEY! YOU CAN CHARGE IT! effect on the defense budget. Since Our Guarantee ^ nan 1964, defense annual payroll costs ^ Address- You must be completely satisfied with this fabulous have increased from $22 billion to TV Radio or you may return for a full refund o( / Oily the purchase price, no questions asked! Now. State .2ip_ that's a guarantee in writing! / $50 billion—from 44 per cent of the e MaiMvar Howm,

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 45 FIX LAWN MOWERS FOR FUN & PROFIT! Fascinating new LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS Handbook by F. Peterson gives you the knowledge skilled mechanics learn. OVER 125 ILLUSTRATIONS show how to trouble shoot, repair carburetors, engines, balance, and sharpen blades, etc. Exploded drawings Our Forest Heritage are extensively used. INSTRUCTIONS COVER reel, ro- tary and rider mowers, pre- 9ventive and routine mainte- As THE first colonists approaclied New zation clears the land for superhigh- ' nance, how to identify brand ytp-*' 1_ England in their ships, all they ways and cities. The white and black } ""A'^^—i names, where to obtain re- placement parts. How to could see, spreading in all directions, walnut may be among the first to ~-'l/"T^'"T21Jfl— ' '«' buy and use a lawnmower. were towering forests of oak, hickory, vanish; their wood is made into costly TRY the HANDBOOK OF LAWN MOWER REPAIR. walnut, pine and dozens of other va- furniture, novelties, and gunstocks. A Rush only $7.95 plus 50^ handling on 10-day rieties. In their New World they found full-grown tree can be worth as much money-back guarantee. EMERSON BOOKS, INC., Dept. 246C, Buchanon, N.Y. 10511 not only religious freedom, but a gi- as $20,000. In several recent instances, gantic "treasure warehouse" of wood poachers have stolen them from pri- MAKE.... $25tolOOPERHOUR which supplied them with houses, vate property. And, of course, as our BADGE-A MINIT, a complete badge making system lets wagons, boats, tools, exports and even forests disappear, so also do the wild- ^^^^^^^^^ you make permanent metal pin back badges °' P^°''t' Badge parts cost pen- food in berries and nuts. Bark fur- life which depend on them for shelter. /-T-N slogan buttons for up nished dyes. Pitchpine lampblack was photo buttons for up \ HBHkMwN

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 Clip-On Magnifiers "ssSHOPPER TRYA BURKE ELEVATING CHAIR FREE FORAWEEK JUST PRESS A BUTTON. THE BURKE CHAIR HELPS YOU ALL THE WAY TO A STANDING POSITION -SAFELY AND GENTLY-THEN EASES YOU BACK DOWN. Clip MAGNIFIERS on regular glasses. SEND FREE CATALOG AND SEE CLEARER INSTANTLY. Read FOR PRICE LIST. SELECT THE BURKE CHAIR fine print. Do close work. Neat, metal MODEL AND FABRIC OF YOUR CHOICE. frame. 10 day trial. SATISFACTION THEN, IF YOU DESIRE, TRY IT FREE FOR A Impact resistant lenses. GUARANTEED. WEEK IN YOUR OWN HOME. SPLIT IMAGE TRANSIT. Measures in- State age. Send only $6.95 +55^ handling. clines down to 1/16" at 25 feet! Ideal for contour plowing, carpentry, brick & Sorry—no sales in Minnesota. cement work, surveying. Quick, easy, ac- Precision Optical, Dept. 34-V, Rochelle, III. 61068 curate! Just $12.95 plus $1.50 shpg. Leatherette case, $3.95. 10-day money- back guarantee! J. W. Hoist, Inc., Dept. WOLF KNIFE with back lock AT-76 1864 E. U.S. 23, East Tawas. Ml 972" OVERALL LENGTH $3.95 ea. 48730.

This beautiful heavy duty FOL.DING HUNT- ING KNIFE is hand crafted with a hollow ground rust proof mirror polished blade. A non-slip rosewood handle that fits the natur- al curve of the hand for secure holding. Su- perbly designed. RUGGED AND FULLY GUARANTEED. 9V2" overall 5W closed. MODEL No. K-26-W. ONLY $3.95 PLUS BlHKEk 30^ HANDLING. Money back in 5 days if not completely satisfied. BLACK BELT P.O. BOX 1064, DEPT. AL-776 CASE also available for $1.00. MISSION, KANSAS 66202 WESTBURY SALES CO., 259 Post Avenue, (913) 722-5658 Box 434, Westbury, N.Y. 1 1590 Dept. A-7-AL 1000 SAVE RETURN ADDRESS For that lucky baby born in 1 976. YOUR LABELS This luxurious 40" x 45" crib and carriage HEART" blanket suitable for boy or girl. Rich red and blue plush valour numerals appliqued and em- broidered in the traditional manner on a cuddly $100 soft white blanket by Chatham. Edged with silky taffeta binding and red satin ribbon. Completely washable. A unique and beautiful gift of warmth easy to put your name and that's sure to become a family keepsake. Money Quick and way back if not delighted. Order now. return address on letters, books, records, etc. lines Send $19.95 plus Any name, address and zip code up to 4 beautifully printed in black on crisp, white tliV^°Xnft': Blankety Blankets gummed labels. 1%" long. Free decorative box Box 438-L-3, Mamaroneck. N.Y. 10543 for purse or desk. Set of 1000 labels, just SI N.Y. add State residents sales tax plus 20c postage & handling. Money back it Member, Better Business Bureau not pleased. Don't know your zip code? We"ll look it up for you.

RENTAL-PURCHASE Program Available Walter Drake Colorado Springs, Colo. 80940 Your STAIR-GLIDE "installs easily and In less than 2 hours. No marring walls or stairway. No special wiring required. Shipped directly from factory with- NOW! GET in 4 cfays. STAlR-GL(DE"...the nation's largest sell- 3 REAL OLD ing stairway elevator! UL LISTED. USED BY THOUSANDS: CARDIAC PATIENTS. ARTH- U.S.COINS-Onlyn RITICS_, SENIOR CITIZENS, PHYSICALLY RE- STRICtED, POST OPERATIVES. ..and household YOU GET 2 PRE-1938 BUFFALO convenience. NICKELS AND A PRE-1908 WRITE FOR FREE BROCHURE AND NAME OF INDIAN HEAD PENNY DEALER NEAREST YOU. (One to a set customer ) These AMERICAN STAIR-GLIDE® CORP. scarce coins offered to pet your If you have an idea for a new product, or a way name for our mailing list. You'will 4001 East 138TH ST., Dept. AL-76 to make an old product better, contact us, "the also receive the most wonderful Grandview, Missouri 64030 catalog of US & Foreign coins and paper money in idea people" We'll develop your idea, introduce it to America. Send $1 to: Littleton Coin Co., Dept. SX-33, industry, negotiate for cash sale or royalty licensing. Littleton, New Hampshire 03561. Write now without cost or obligation for free information. Fees are charged only for contracted services. So send for your FREE "Inventor's Kit." It FIND BURIED TREASURE has important Marketing Information, a special "Invention Record Form" and a Directory of 500 Find buried gold, silver, coins, treasures with powerful new Corporations Seeking New Products. electronic detector. Ultra sensitive. Penetrates deep into earth. Works through mud, beach sand, rock, wood, RAYMOND LEE ORGANIZATION 230 Park Avenue North, New York.NY 10017 etc^«®fnals y'^^^N^when object is detected. At no cost or obligation, please rush my FREE "Inventor's Kit No. a-183 " Dealer Financing Inquiries Write for Free Catalog, treasure hunting tips and unusual souvenir coin. Available Invited RELCO Dept.DD5 Box 10839, Houston, Tex. 77018

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1976 47 —

FAIR PLAY Two golfers were on the course on an extremely hot summer day. Suddenly one of them had a sunstroke—the other made him count it. G. G. Crabtree

CREDIT-DEBIT CYCLE Put too much on the cuff and you'll lose your shirt. 3? F. O. Walsh ECOLOGY DANCE Where once we'd tiptoe thru the tulips. Now we flitter thru the litter. Walter E. Johnson

STRAIGHT SHOT "A fine time, 3 A.M. for you to come in," exclaimed the wife. "I want an ex- planation and I want the truth!" "Better make up your mind. Honey," he replied, "you can't have both." George E. Bergman

NOSE NEWS If he keeps his nose up in the air His progress will be much slower; But if he keeps it to the grindstone His profile will be even lower. George O. Ludke

'I want to leave something to medical science . . . my hospital bill . . . SHORTCHANGED THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE Elephants never forget, but what do they have to remember! Gene Yasenak

VIEWPOINT INCOME OR OUTGO? "Economy" is one of America's More puzzling words so far A passenger on a transcontinental flight acknowledged to the man It means a large size in soap flakes seated next to him that he was a congressman. And the small size in a car. "Where you from?" the man asked. David Bissonette "Washington," said the congressman. "Be specific man," said the passenger. "Tax-payin' Washington or DOG DAYS Tax-eatin' Washington?" For our vacation this year, we're send- Thomas LaMance ing our dog to camp and the children to obedience school. George E. Bergman AND THAT'S THAT

The young trial lawyer thought it would be to his advantage to get the elderly witness rattled. "And now, madam," he said, "I must ask you a personal question. How old are you?"

"Young man," she snapped back, "it isn't more than an hour since the judge objected to hearsay evidence. I don't remember being bom, so all I know of it is hearsay."

Lucille J. Goodyear

CULTURAL UPDATE

A missionary was worried when he was captured by cannibals. The chief appeared and began speaking in perfect English, the result, he said, of his Harvard education.

"You're a Harvard man," protested the missionary, "but you still eat your fellow man." "Yes," rephed the chief, "but now I use a knife and fork." 'Are you here to date my daughter or cure my wife's hiccups?' M. Y. Wilcox THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE - JULY 1976 J

NOW The Famous Hunting Knife You've Aiways Wanted, At A New LOW PRiCE You Can Easily Afford!

The G-96 Titan Folding Sportsman Me Individually Hand-Crafted GO

Solid Brass Handle • Razor-Sharp The node norn>o' Molybdenum Steel Blade ova d 1" joron »ee Sportsmen, hunters, fishermen, campers, collectors—here it is! ago «he The famous knife you've always dreamed of owning. npW d, 'Of chaser pos»P From its distinctive silhouette to the tiniest detail of its Iree. \he n>° erne manufacture, the G-96 Titan is the knife of a lifetime oke othet rontee made for a lifetime of use. We guarantee it! V/ha» guf^ ironc\ad jch on PRECISION-CRAFTED THROUGHOUT!

Just wait until you hold this beauty in your hands. Notice its heft—a rugged 5 oz. of precision-balanced craftsmanship. Notice the handle. It's solid brass all the way through, heavily inlaid with thick slabs of exotic Pacca • OVER 8'/i" LONG wood—the miracle wood that resists moisture, heat, grease and food acids. See the gleaming blade, honed to such razor sharpness that you • RAZOR-SHARP can almost hear the hiss as it zips through meat, bones fish, dresses MOLYBDENUM STEEL game, even cuts kindling and tent stakes. Forged of high-carbon BLADE molybdenum steel, the G-96 Titan blade has been specially proc- • SOLID essed metallurgically to hold a keen edge even after many years BRASS HANDLE INLAID WITH PACCA WOOD of hardest use. ^^^^ A joy to carry, the G-96 Titan is only 4%" long when folded. • LIFETIME GUARANTEE! Yet open it up and you've got an 8y8"-long wonder that beats the best belt sheath hunting knife you could ever hope to own. (The opening mechanism is as smooth as silk and holds the long blade locked firmly into place until you TOP GRAIN press the safety release in the handle for closing.) A triumph of the knifemaker's art, the G-96 Titan is FREE COWHIDE rugged and reliable, a lifetime investment for every out- HOLSTER door sportsman and genuine collector's item. You'd PISTOL SHEATH expect to pay $19.95 and even more for a knife of Imagine receiving, as a Special Extra very such uncompromising quality. Yet thanks to a Bonus, this rugged holster at no ad- the special purchase we can offer it now for amaz- ditional cost. Custom-made of extra- ingly price $14.95. (You'll never need to low of thick genuine cowhide, it's precision buy another.) contoured to cradle your knife at But remember, not every outdoorsman can your belt ready for instant use. own the G-96 Titan. Each one is individually Rivet-reinforced at points of extra hand-crafted and can never be in unlimited stress and with a sturdy snap fasten- supply at this special low price. Avoid dis- ACTUAL er to prevent loss or damage, this appointment. Mail the coupon today. Satis- luxury cowhide sheath is yours faction guaranteed or your money back. FREE if you mail the coupon now!

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Enclosed is $

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I Haband's I 100% I Polymeric SHOES I _Man-Made I in FREE WHITE BELT |U.S.A. / i I 1 I I I I I ^when Pairs of I you buy HABAND I And Habandj any Even Pays iHaband SHOES19 the Postage Company, 2 the mail order people Special INTRODUCTORY OFFER: Send for any 2 pairs |from Paterson, N.J., have of fine Executive Shoes shown on this page, and we will a new for to get I way you the newest fashion executive'^ send you this handsome fine grain White Belt FREE — shoes and enjoy all the \ yours to keep even if you return the shoes for a full compliments, without paying \ refund ! We just want a chance to show you our I anywhere near the usual prices! Incredible Values I We sell hundreds of thousands of of shoes, direct important^ pairs to The WHITE SHOE/WHITE BELT Style - Ibusinessmen all over America who recognize the expensive Imported America's Handsomest Vacation Outfit! look but prefer our direct, man-made-^ I Now', this Spring at the heighrof the fashion, In-U.S.A. price! CASH IN YOURSELFT men will be paying very high prices for this ^Legally, we cannot even mention the nam^ clean, dressy look. White shoes alone will cost of the famous Italian house who pioneered thi^ I to pair, will style. Suffice it to say, you get the same soft $18 $40 per and the belts bring Wantiaued look, the same sexy high gloss shine, the whatever traffic will bear. Here at Haband, we ! interesting buckles and the slightly sell all these shoes at an amazing price of ^higher "make you look taller" heel! White" Loafer You get full cushion ^6 Styles insole, matched to and now, bindings, your Choose for a limited time

. exact size include the width. White Belt FREE!

^ Black **Vi%i Loafer

Please Note: Haband is a family business, doing business with conservative'" executives through-" out the U.S.A. since Hack 'Blue

1925. These are good [ Oxford Loafer looking business dress shoes that will feel very comfortable Haband's Incredible Man-Made New Price AC and save money. It is worth sending in a trial order. You will be ' rs 29.90 I delighted with the DRESS SHOES 2 1914 pairs 39.75 service! Read the ^ guarantee!