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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE SAN LUIS POTOSÍ FACULTADES DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS, INGENIERÍA Y MEDICINA PROGRAMAS MULTIDISCIPLINARIOS DE POSGRADO EN CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES AND COLOGNE UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF THE NATIONAL TREE CLEARING PROGRAM, MEXICO, 1972-1982 EFECTOS AMBIENTALES DEL PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE DESMONTES, MÉXICO, 1972-1982 THESIS TO OBTAIN THE DEGREE OF MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES DEGREE AWARDED BY UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE SAN LUIS POTOSÍ AND MASTER OF SCIENCE “TECHNOLOGY AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE TROPICS AND SUBTROPICS FOCUS AREA “ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT” DEGREE AWARDED BY COLOGNE UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES PRESENTS: ARCELIA AMARANTA MORENO UNDA CO-DIRECTOR OF THESIS PMPCA DR. MIGUEL AGUILAR ROBLEDO CO-DIRECTOR OF THESIS ITT: DR. UDO NEHREN ASSESSOR: DR. JOSÉ ANTONIO ÁVALOS LOZANO COLOGNE, GERMANY SEPTEMBER, 2011 UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE SAN LUIS POTOSÍ FACULTADES DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS, INGENIERÍA Y MEDICINA PROGRAMAS MULTIDISCIPLINARIOS DE POSGRADO EN CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES AND COLOGNE UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGY AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE TROPICS AND SUBTROPICS ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF THE THE NATIONAL TREE CLEARING PROGRAM, MEXICO, 1972-1982 EFECTOS AMBIENTALES DEL PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE DESMONTES, MÉXICO 1972-1982 THESIS TO OBTAIN THE DEGREE OF MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES DEGREE AWARDED BY UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE SAN LUIS POTOSÍ AND MASTER OF SCIENCE “TECHNOLOGY AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE TROPICS AND SUBTROPICS FOCUS AREA “ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT” DEGREE AWARDED BY COLOGNE UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES PRESENTS: ARCELIA AMARANTA MORENO UNDA DR. MIGUEL AGUILAR ROBLEDO ____________________________________ DR. UDO NEHREN ____________________________________ DR. JOSÉ ANTONIO ÁVALOS LOZANO ____________________________________ COLOGNE, GERMANY SEPTEMBER, 2011 SAN LUIS POTOSÍ, MÉXICO OR COLOGNE, GERMANY DATE PROYECTO REALIZADO CON EL APOYO DE: CONSEJO NACIONAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA (CONACYT). DEUTSCHER AKADEMISCHER AUSTAUSCH DIENST (DAAD). LA MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES RECIBE APOYO A TRAVÉS DEL PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE POSGRADOS (PNPC - CONACYT). Erklärung / Declaración Name / Nombre: Arcelia Amaranta Moreno Unda Matri.-Nr. / N° de matricula: 11074538 CUAS Ich versichere wahrheitsgemäß, dass ich die vorliegende Masterarbeit selbstständig verfasst und keine anderen als die von mir angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel benutzt habe. Alle Stellen, die wörtlich oder sinngemäß aus veröffentlichten und nicht veröffentlichten Schriften entnommen sind, sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Aseguro que yo redacté la presente tesis de maestría independientemente y no usé referencias ni medios auxiliares aparte de los indicados. Todas las partes que están referidas a escritos o a textos publicados o no publicados son reconocidas como tales. Die Arbeit ist in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form noch nicht als Prüfungsarbeit eingereicht worden. Hasta la fecha, un trabajo como éste o similar no ha sido entregado como trabajo de tesis. Unterschrift / Firma: _________________ Agradecimientos Quiero agradecer a mis directores de tesis el Dr. Miguel Aguilar Robledo y el Dr. Udo Nehren, en primer lugar por acceder a asesorarme en un proyecto de investigación tan particular, en segundo lugar por la gran paciencia que me han tenido, pues reconozco no ser una persona fácil de tratar y finalmente por darme completa libertad de investigación. También quiero agradecer a mi asesor Dr. José Antonio Ávalos Lozano, por siempre creer en mí, en el proyecto y por echarme muchas porras para la investigación en los momentos que más lo necesitaba. A aquellas personas que me proporcionaron datos clave que permitieron a mi investigación avanzar, como es el caso de mí querida amiga Abril Cid Salinas, la Dra. Ana Ley, la Dra. María del Rosario Casco Montoya, el Ing. Lorenzo Rubio Espinoza de Los Monteros (Q.E.P.D.), el M. en C. Vicente Arriaga y el bibliotecario de INIFAP cuyo nombre no recuerdo, entre muchas otras personas que con el solo hecho de atender mi llamada me ayudaron mucho. A mi familia por darme todo el apoyo moral y económico que siempre me han dado, por respetar mis decisiones y por dejarme escoger mi propio camino de vida. A mis amigas Ere, Gaby, Marce y Rosilena que sin esos momentos de esparcimiento que pasé con ustedes no hubiera podido sobrevivir los últimos dos años. A Tobias Balensiefen por ayudarme en la redacción del texto en inglés. A mí misma, porque sin importar lo que nadie diga estoy completamente orgullosa de este proyecto de investigación, y pues a pesar de todo el tiempo, dinero y esfuerzo que me costo, de verdad creo que me la rifé. Index Figure Index ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Table Index ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Acronyms and Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... 9 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Resumen ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Zusammenfassung......................................................................................................................... 15 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 17 Justification ................................................................................................................................... 23 Research Questions ....................................................................................................................... 24 Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 25 Hypotheses .................................................................................................................................... 26 Method .......................................................................................................................................... 27 Results and Discussion .................................................................................................................. 29 I. - Consultation of document collections, libraries and interviews .......................................... 29 II.-Pilot Proyect and the PRONADE ............................................................................................ 32 III .- Case Study: Plan Chontalpa ................................................................................................ 46 IV. - Second Case Study: Uxpanapa ........................................................................................... 61 V. International Influence.......................................................................................................... 85 VI. National motivation ............................................................................................................. 89 VII. The what if...? and the future ............................................................................................. 98 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 102 References ................................................................................................................................... 104 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................... 115 6 7 Figure Index Figure 1.- PRONADE extended goals ................................................................................................. 36 Figure 2.- Methodology followed by the PRONADE to choose areas feasible to "desmontar" ........ 38 Figure 3.- Procedure for the request and approval of desmontes ................................................... 39 Figure 4.- Specifications for the clearing process in areas to be devoted to cattle ranching ........... 39 Figure 5.- Graphical examples of the clearing process ..................................................................... 40 Figure 6.- Specifications for the desmonte work of areas to be devoted to rainfed agriculture ..... 41 Figure 7.- PRONADE first stage.......................................................................................................... 42 Figure 8.- PRONADE second stage .................................................................................................... 44 Figure 9.- States known so far where the PRONADE was instrumented .......................................... 45 Figure 10.- Approximation to the localization and planned extension of the Plan Chontalpa ......... 48 Figure 11.-New urban desing in The Chontalpa ................................................................................ 51 Figure 12.- Basic plan for the houses in The Plan Chontalpa ............................................................ 51 Figure 13.- Approximation to the localization and planned extension of the Uxpanapa proyect .... 63
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