DOCSLIB.ORG

The Chimney-Graft Technique for Preserving Supra-Aortic Branches: a Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Chimney-Graft Technique for Preserving Supra-Aortic Branches: a Review Perspective The chimney-graft technique for preserving supra-aortic branches: a review Konstantinos G. Moulakakis1,2, Spyridon N. Mylonas1,2,3, Ilias Dalainas1, George S. Sfyroeras1, Fotis Markatis1, Thomas Kotsis3, John Kakisis1, Christos D. Liapis1 1Department of Vascular Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece; 2The Systematic Review Unit, The Collaborative Research (CORE) Group, Sydney, Australia; 3Vascular Unit, 2nd Clinic of Surgery, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece Corresponding to: Konstantinos G. Moulakakis, MD, Ph.D, MSc, FEBVS. Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rimini 1 Str, Haidari, Athens, 12462 Greece. Email: [email protected]. Evolution in the endovascular era has influenced the management of aortic arch pathologies. “Chimney” or “snorkel” graft technique has been used as an alternative in high risk patients unfit for open repair. We reviewed the published literature on the chimney graft technique for preservation of the supra-aortic branches in order to provide an extensive insight of its feasibility and efficacy and investigate its outcomes. 18 reports were identified, with a total of 124 patients and 136 chimney. Primary technical success was achieved in 123/124 patients (99.2%). The perioperative mortality rate was 4.8% and the stroke rate was 4%, while events of spinal cord ischemia were rare. The overall endoleak rate was 18.5%; 13 patients (10.5%) developed a type I endoleak and 10 (8%) patients a type II endoleak. During a median follow-up period of 11.4 months (range, 0.87-20.1 months) all implanted chimney grafts remained patent. From this, we conclude that endovascular aortic arch repair with chimney grafts is associated with a lower mortality rate compared to totally open or hybrid reconstruction. However, the stroke rate remains noteworthy, and requires longterm data to elucidate. Keywords: Chimney; snorkel; endovascular; aortic arch Submitted May 06, 2013. Accepted for publication May 24, 2013. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2225-319X.2013.05.14 Scan to your mobile device or view this article at: http://www.annalscts.com/article/view/2006/2736 Introduction by Greenberg and associates (4) and was applied over the last decade for visceral debranching (5), could be a Open surgical repair of pathologies of the aortic arch or the reasonable alternative for preserving supra-aortic branches proximal descending aorta is associated with considerable in patients with pathologies involving the aortic arch. periprocedural risks (1). Evolution in the endovascular era We reviewed the published literature on the “chimney” has influenced the management of aortic arch pathologies. or “snorkel” graft technique for the preservation of supra- Hybrid approaches for these patients have been proposed aortic branches in order to provide an extensive insight of as alternative options (2,3). Despite the fact that its feasibility and efficacy and investigate its outcomes. following a hybrid strategy the need for sternotomy and cardiopulmonary by-pass is eliminated, the mortality and morbidity rates still remain relatively high (2). In addition, Material and methods total endovascular techniques (i.e., fenestrated, branched Definition devices) have been developed. However they need to overcome several anatomic and logistic limitations. The “chimney technique” involves deployment of stents/ The chimney-graft technique, which was first described stent-grafts into the supra-aortic branches, with the © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. www.annalscts.com Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2013;2(3):339-346 340 Moulakakis et al. Review of chimney-graft technique 33 citations identified by electronic literature search 33 studies retrieved 15 studies rejected after inclusion criteria application 18 studies included in the final sample Figure 1 Study flow chart proximal parts placed parallel to the main thoracic aortic included in the present study. Reports on hybrid procedures endoprosthesis (between the aortic stent and the aortic wall) and branched or fenestration stent-grafts were excluded as and extended above it to ensure perfusion. well as those detailing the chimney technique for visceral revascularization alone. Articles in languages other than English were also eliminated from further analysis. In cases Search strategy - eligibility criteria of duplicated or metachronous publications from the same Multiple electronic health database searches were center, only the latest was included. Furthermore, several performed that included Medline, Embase, Ovid, the studies included patients with chimney graft implantation Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the among other populations; they were included in the present Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness review if separate data for this patient subgroup were (DARE), aiming to identify studies on “chimney technique” provided. for the treatment of aortic arch pathologies. The search All selected full-text articles were independently evaluated strategy was unrestricted and used exploded MeSH (medical by two authors (S.M. and H.D.). From the attained articles subject heading) terms ‘double-barrel’, ‘triple-barrel’, the baseline patient data (mean age); indication of chimney ‘thoracoabdominal’, ‘aortic aneurysm’, ‘endovascular’, technique application (aortic pathology or endoprosthesis- ‘chimney graft’, and/or ‘endovascular aortic arch related complications after prior TEVAR); applied main debranching’. In addition, the references of all included aortic stent-graft design; number of chimney grafts and articles were examined for further relevant series. All studies adjacent by-pass procedures were extracted and analyzed. were independently assessed, and the full texts of the studies Finally, the postoperative outcomes (primary technical were retrieved. success; mean follow-up period (months); endoprosthesis- Studies were included in the present review if (I) supra- related complications; post-procedural complications; and aortic branches [left subclavian (LSA), left common carotid 30 d-/in-hospital mortality) were evaluated. (LCCA) and innominate arteries (IA)] revascularization during endovascular treatment of aortic pathologies was Results achieved via a chimney graft (CG) implantation; and (II) the basic outcome criteria (complications rate; chimney The electronic literature search yielded 18 reports that graft patency, endoprosthesis related complications, and fulfilled the inclusion criteria (6-23) (Figure 1, Table 1). A primary technical success rate; and the total mortality rate) total of 124 patients (79% male; mean age: range, 36-81.5) were stated. Cases of prior thoracic endovascular aortic were analyzed. The aortic pathology was described in 108 repair (TEVAR) failure treated with chimney grafts are also patients: 28 (26%) had a degenerative aneurysm, 61 (56.5%) © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. www.annalscts.com Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2013;2(3):339-346 Annals ofcardiothoracicsurgery,Vol2,No3May2013 Table 1 Characteristics of the eligible studies on chimney-graft technique preserving supra-aortic branches Age Revascularized N of Gender Aortic pathology N of chimney Aortic endoprosthesis Study (mean, branches Chimney graft design patients (M/F) (An/Dis/other)* grafts (total) design years) (IA/LCCA/LSA) Shahverdyan et al., 2013 (6) 6 6/0 73 1/1/4 12 6/6/0 Gore CTAG® Viabahn® Samura et al., 2013 (7) 2 2/0 82 2/0/0 4 2/2/0 Gore TAG® Excluder Iliac Extender®, Atrium V12® Zhu et al., 2013 (8) 34 26/8 66 0/34/0 34 3/8/23 Talent®, Zenith®, Fluency®, Express®, Hercules-T®, Ankura® Scuba®, S.M.A.R.T Control® Chang et al., 2013 (9) 1 1/0 41 0/0/1 1 0/1/0 Talent®, Zenith®, Zilver stent® Hercules-T®, Ankura® Zhou et al., 2013 (10) 1 1/0 45 0/0/1 2 0/1/1 Valiant® Fluency® Vallejo et al., 2012 (11) 8 NR NR NR 8 3/5/0 Gore TAG®, Talent®, AneuRx®, Palmaz®, Valiant® Express® Akchurin et al., 2012 (12) 10 NR NR 6/4/0 10 0/0/10 NR NR Cires et al., 2011 (13) 9 6/3 64 3/1/5 9 2/2/5 Gore TAG®, Talent® Bare stents Yoshida et al., 2011 (14) 2 1/1 77 1/1/0 5 2/2/1 Zenith® Viabahn® Shu et al., 2011 (15) 8 7/1 49 0/8/0 8 0/8/0 Hercules®, Relay®, Fluency®, Passenger® Zenith® Feng et al., 2011 (16) 1 0/0 36 0/0/1 1 0/1/0 Relay®, Hercules cuff ® Sinus® Gehringhoff et al., 2011 (17) 9 7/2 57 5/1/3 9 0/3/6 ZentithTX2®, Valiant® Advanta®, Palmaz®, S.M.A.R.T®, Fluency® Sugiura et al., 2009 (18) 11 10/1 NR 4/5/2 11 3/7/1 Zenith®, Gore TAG® Various Baldwin et al., 2008 (19) 7 4/3 70 1/4/2 7 3/3/1 Gore TAG® Fluency®, Luminex®, Wallstent®, Zilver, Biliary Express® OhrlaNRer et al., 2008 (20) 4 NR 70 2/2/0 4 1/2/1 Zenith®, Gore TAG® Luminex®, Advanta®, Zenith® TFLE® Criado et al., 2007 (21) 8 NR NR NR 8 0/6/2 Talent® Bare stents Hiramoto et al., 2006 (22) 1 1/0 70 1/0/0 1 0/1/0 Gore TAG® Fluency® Larzon et al., 2005 (23) 2 2/0 73 2/0/0 2 0/2/0 Gore TAG® Symphony®, Zilver®, Palmaz® Total 124 74 28/61/19 136 25/60/51 *An/Dis/other, Aneurysm/Dissection/other (type I endoleak, traumatic transection, penetrating ulcer, pseudoaneurysm); N, number; NR, not reported; Talent (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) 341 © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. www.annalscts.com Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2013;2(3):339-346 342 Moulakakis et al. Review of chimney-graft technique had aortic dissection, and 19 (17.5%) had other pathologies causes (Table 2). (type I endoleak, traumatic transection, penetrating ulcer, pseudoaneurysm). Discussion Various aortic endoprosthesis (Zenith®, Gore®, Talent®, etc.) were used for the thoracic aorta and Treatment of aortic arch pathologies represents one of the numerous variable bare-stents or covered stents were greatest challenges in cardiothoracic surgery. So far there selected for chimney-grafts. A total of 136 chimney grafts are four options: were implanted: 25 to the IA, 60 to the LCCA and 51 to the (I) Open aortic arch reconstruction; LSA.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Solar Updraft Tower : Das Aufwindkraftwerk Motivation and Concept - Text
    The Solar Updraft Tower : Das Aufwindkraftwerk Motivation and Concept - Text Joerg Schlaich and Rudolf Bergermann The most significant problems of our time, poverty in the Third World and the climate change are interlinked through energy supply and can be solved, if we only want to! The industrialized countries pollute the worldwide climate with their fossil-fuelled power generation. The poor are poor because they cannot afford sufficient energy supply and the population keeps growing. (Fig. 1) If the billions of people who must do without sufficient energy supply would have to cover their energy needs with coal, oil and gas, the climate could not be saved and the environment would be destroyed. Hence, poverty and climate problems can only be solved with global concepts, mutually and equally beneficial to the poor and to the industrialized countries. The poor countries on the „southern hemisphere“, especially the African, have one advantage over the rich countries in the „northern hemisphere“: Sun + Desert, i.e. intensive solar radiation on agriculturally futile land. (Fig. 2) If these poor countries had large scale affordable solar power plants, - affordable because they were built mainly with their own resources and skills -, and which they did not need to import at exorbitant cost, they would profit twice: by their inexhaustible, affordable power supply and by innumerable new jobs. “The Taliban aren’t fighting for religion but for money. If they had jobs, they would stop fighting!” Sham Sher Khan from TIME, April 20, 2009 As electric energy can be transported over very large distances with surprisingly little loss they could export their solar electricity to the industrialized countries.
    [Show full text]
  • A Huff and a Puff, and It Blew the Chimney Down
    A HUFF, AND A PUFF, AND… IT BLEW THE CHIMNEY DOWN Kerry S. Lee, P.E., MBA, M.ASCE 1 Gary S. Dunlap, AIA 2 Daniel M. Killian, P.E., B.S. 3 1 Director of Engineering, Nelson Architectural Engineers, Inc., 2740 Dallas Parkway, Suite 220, Plano, Texas 75093; email: [email protected]; phone: 469-429-9000 2 Assistant Director of Architecture, Nelson Architectural Engineers, Inc., 2740 Dallas Parkway, Suite 220, Plano, Texas 75093; email: [email protected]; phone: 469-429-9000 3 Project Director, Nelson Architectural Engineers, Inc., 2740 Dallas Parkway, Suite 220, Plano, Texas 75093; email: [email protected]; phone: 469-429-9000 Abstract This paper will present case studies and assessment of collapses of tall, free standing residential masonry chimneys resulting from windstorms in North Texas. The case studies will outline the assessment of the causes of the collapses and a discussion of design and/or construction defects. A review of limited and highly lacking documentation on design, construction and code requirements governing the architectural and structural “design” and construction of residential chimneys will be conducted. The paper will provide a discussion of the lack of design standards and poor construction practices used for residential load-bearing masonry chimneys. This paper will illustrate how the lack of design, construction, and code requirements results in chimneys lacking sufficient capacity to resist below design wind loads leading to unsafe conditions. It is only a matter of time before the collapse of one of these elevated masonry chimney “missiles” results in severe injury or death of an inhabitant. Introduction The majority of residential structures being built throughout the country today rely on construction requirements outlined within the International Residential Code (IRC).
    [Show full text]
  • Wind- Chimney
    WIND-CHIMNEY Integrating the Principles of a Wind-Catcher and a Solar-Chimney to Provide Natural Ventilation A Thesis presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Architecture by Fereshteh Tavakolinia December 2011 WIND-CHIMNEY Integrating the Principles of a Wind-Catcher and a Solar-Chimney to Provide Natural Ventilation © 2011 Fereshteh Tavakolinia ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: WIND-CHIMNEY Integrating the Principles of a Wind-Catcher and a Solar-Chimney to Provide Natural Ventilation AUTHOR: Fereshteh Tavakolinia DATE SUBMITTED: December 2011 COMMITTEE CHAIR: James A. Doerfler, Associate Department Head COMMITTEE MEMBER: Jacob Feldman, Professor iii WIND-CHIMNEY Integrating the principles of a wind-catcher and a solar chimney to provide natural ventilation Fereshteh Tavakolinia Abstract This paper suggests using a wind-catcher integrated with a solar-chimney in a single story building so that the resident might benefit from natural ventilation, a passive cooling system, and heating strategies; it would also help to decrease energy use, CO2 emissions, and pollution. This system is able to remove undesirable interior heat pollution from a building and provide thermal comfort for the occupant. The present study introduces the use of a solar-chimney with an underground air channel combined with a wind-catcher, all as part of one device. Both the wind-catcher and solar chimney concepts used for improving a room’s natural ventilation are individually and analytically studied. This paper shows that the solar-chimney can be completely used to control and improve the underground cooling system during the day without any electricity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Air Well Geometry in a Malaysian Single Storey Terraced House
    sustainability Article The Impact of Air Well Geometry in a Malaysian Single Storey Terraced House Pau Chung Leng 1, Mohd Hamdan Ahmad 1,*, Dilshan Remaz Ossen 2, Gabriel H.T. Ling 1,* , Samsiah Abdullah 1, Eeydzah Aminudin 3, Wai Loan Liew 4 and Weng Howe Chan 5 1 Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81300, Malaysia; [email protected] (P.C.L.); [email protected] (S.A.) 2 Department of Architecture Engineering, Kingdom University, Riffa 40434, Bahrain; [email protected] 3 School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81300, Malaysia; [email protected] 4 School of Professional and Continuing Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81300, Malaysia; [email protected] 5 School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81300, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.H.A.); [email protected] (G.H.T.L.); Tel.: +60-19-731-5756 (M.H.A.); +60-14-619-9363 (G.H.T.L.) Received: 3 September 2019; Accepted: 24 September 2019; Published: 16 October 2019 Abstract: In Malaysia, terraced housing hardly provides thermal comfort to the occupants. More often than not, mechanical cooling, which is an energy consuming component, contributes to outdoor heat dissipation that leads to an urban heat island effect. Alternatively, encouraging natural ventilation can eliminate heat from the indoor environment. Unfortunately, with static outdoor air conditioning and lack of windows in terraced houses, the conventional ventilation technique does not work well, even for houses with an air well. Hence, this research investigated ways to maximize natural ventilation in terraced housing by exploring the air well configurations.
    [Show full text]
  • Don't Let Dollars Disappear up Your Chimney!
    ENERGY SAVINGTIPS DON’T LET DOLLARS DISAPPEAR UP YOUR CHIMNEY! You wouldn’t leave a window wide open in cold weather. Having a fireplace with an open flue damper is the same as having a window open. That sends precious winter heat and money right up the chimney! Here’s how you can heat your home, and not the neighborhood! KEEP THE FIREPLACE DAMPER CLOSED WHEN THE FIREPLACE IS NOT BEING USED The damper is a flap inside the chimney or flue. It has an open and a closed position. When a fire is burning, the damper should be in the open position to allow smoke to escape up the fireplace flue and out the chimney. When you’re not using the fireplace, the damper should be closed. If you can’t see the handle or chain that opens and closes the damper, use a flashlight and look up inside the chimney flue. The handle could be a lever that moves side to side or back and forth. If a chain operates the damper, you may have to pull both sides to determine which one closes or opens the damper. KEEP YOUR HEAT IN YOUR HOME! Even the most energy efficient homes can fall victim to fireplace air leaks. Your fireplace may be reserved for a handful of special occasions or especially cold nights. When it’s not in use, though, your home loses heat – and costs you money – without you knowing it. Using the heat from your fireplace on a cold winter night may be cozy, but that fire is a very inefficient way to warm up the room.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Practices for Masonry Fireplace and Chimney Construction
    BALANCING THE VENTILATION TIPS OF SAFE FIREPLACE REFERENCES In order for a fireplace, which utilizes OPERATIONS Published by the New York State Concrete Masonry Association natural draft to function properly, New York State Fire Prevention A fireplace fire, properly laid and fed and Building Code a supply of makeup air must be is easy to tend to and trouble free. Here available to replace the air exhausted is a good method for building a fire. National Fire Protection up the chimney. In older homes there Be sure the damper is open before Association, Quincy, MA is often enough leakage around doors lighting the fire! and windows to provide this air. In International Code Council Use a small amount of paper and newer, tighter homes another source International Building Code of air may need to be provided. Before a moderate number of kindling wood lighting the fire, use incense or a candle pieces to lay down the base. Place International Residential Code to determine if there is an updraft or a three small split logs directly on top. Country Club Hills, Illinois Space the logs to allow air to flow down draft in the chimney. If there is USA - Clay Flue Lining Institute no updraft try cracking open a window freely. National Concrete Masonry or door to provide a source of air to the Use wadded paper wand to light the RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR MASONRY room. If any problem persists you may fire. Hold the burning wand at damper Association, Herndon, VA FIREPLACE AND CHIMNEY CONSTRUCTION need to locate other sources of air level to start the draft, then lower it to Brick Industry Association of entering or being exhausted from the the paper/kindling stack.
    [Show full text]
  • Fireplaces & Chimneys
    Fireplaces & Chimneys Fireplaces, Accessories & Venting Solutions ® We Make Fire Better. Custom Luxury Fireplaces Extracted from Iceland’s Mt. Hekla volcano, Isokern brand products have been made from the cleanest, purest pumice for over 80 years. Our masonry components cradle the raw power of fire in the safest, most energy-efficient material on earth. Totally customizable, Isokern allows architects and their clients to pursue their most inspired designs, while connecting with the natural beauty of fire. A Name Built on reliability for years. Since 1989, we have proudly provided exceptional products combined with unmatched customer service from our 8 solution centers and dedicated network of over 400 dealers. >> ICELAND Contents. Did You The Standard ..............................................1 know? Specifications........................................................page 2 Our pumice ships directly from The Magnum ....................................................3 the Mount Hekla Volcano in Iceland to our state-of-the-art Specifications.........................................................page 5 automated manufacturing The Magnum+ ..................................................7 facility in Chesapeake, Virginia. Specifications.........................................................page 9 The Maximus ............................................11 “ Specifications.......................................................page 12 The Bvetto ................................................13 Specifications.......................................................page
    [Show full text]
  • Congratulations
    Congratulations Many congratulations to you both on this very special occasion and thank you for considering Chimney House Hotel as the venue for your wedding celebrations. Whilst this brochure takes you through the many choices available to you on your wedding day, we are very much of the opinion that your day should be the way that you want it therefore we are more than happy to discuss any requirements to ensure your special day is exactly that. We would also be delighted to show you around our beautiful hotel. If you wish to reserve a wedding we can provisionally hold the date for up to 14 days, at which point a non-refundable deposit of £750.00 is required. If we can be of any further assistance please do not hesitate to get in touch on the contact details below. We wish you all the very best with your wedding preparations. Kind regards The Sales Team 01270 76414 [email protected] Civil ceremonies We have a choice of inspirational & unique rooms for your civil ceremony or civil partnership. Holding your ceremony at the hotel carries a disbursement of £495. (The Registrar must be booked with the Registry Office and cannot be organised by the Hotel) Discounted packages Not getting married on a Saturday? We offer 20% off weddings booked from Sunday – Thursday We offer complimentary civil ceremony room hire charges Sunday – Friday Special accommodation rates These rates are based on two adults sharing and include breakfast. Please contact reservations on 01270 764141 or email [email protected] to book.
    [Show full text]
  • Venting and Chimney Best Practices for Cordwood Gasification And
    Venting and Chimney Best Practices for Cordwood Gasification and Pellet Boilers Webinar presented in support of Renewable Heat NY image courtesy of Econoburn AIA approved course: RHNYWEB32017 1.0 LU credits presented by: John Siegenthaler, P.E. Appropriate Designs Holland Patent, NY www.hydronicpros.com © Copyright 2017, J. Siegenthaler, all rights reserved. The contents of this file shall not be copied or transmitted in any form without written permission of the author. All diagrams shown in this file on conceptual and not intended as fully detailed installation drawings. No warranty is made as the the suitability of any drawings or data for a particular application. New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (provider #I034) Venting and Chimney Best Practices for Cordwood Gasification and Pellet Boilers RHNYWEB32017 Nov 16, 2017 Venting and Chimney Best Practices for Cordwood Gasification and Pellet Boilers Description: Biomass boilers operate differently than gas-fired or oil-fired boilers. At times they can create positive pressure in the venting system. A venting system designed for a fossil fuel boiler, but used with a biomass boiler, may not prevent leakage of combustion products. A properly designed vent connector and chimney can reduce the potential leakage. This webinar discusses the issues and hardware necessary to create a proper venting system for biomass boilers based on field experience with pellet-fired boiler and cordwood gasification boilers. Learning Objectives: 1. Explain the effects associated with positive vent pressure. 2. Understand differences between vent connector piping options. 3. Understand advantages of UL-103HT chimney systems. cap 4. Understand the limitations of exterior masonry chimneys in cold climates.
    [Show full text]
  • Finish Wood Burning Sauna Instructions
    Finish Wood Burning Sauna Instructions: When it is cold, plan to start the sauna 2 – 3 hours before you want to use it. To start a fire, ● open the ash pan door for max air when starting. This is only to get the fire going. Do not burn with the ash pan door open for long periods because the stove will overheat. ● open the air controller by moving the lever to the full up position and ● make sure that the flu damper is open. ● Use kindling from the wood box in the changing room. Put a lit fire starter on top of the kindling. These are made of paraffin and saw dust. As they burn, the paraffin drips onto the wood. They are very effective and one will usually do the trick. ● Stack smaller pieces of dry firewood over the kindling. ● Close the fire box door. Note: close the fire box door lightly because the stove will expand as it heats up making it damn difficult to open the door. This needs to be adjusted … ● Usually, within 5 - 10 minutes, you have a good fire going. At that point, close the ash pan door, adjust the draft lever arm to normal burn position (see diagram) and close the flu damper. IMPORTANT: do not leave the ash pan door open or the stove will overheat. ​ ● Once, you have a good fire going, fill the fire box with bigger sticks of firewood and close the door. ● The stove is hot during operation. Use the fire gloves and be careful of touching hot surfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermix Chimney Liner Insulation
    TherMix DuraVent Product Bulletin TherMix Chimney Liner Insulation DuraVent presents TherMix, a ready-mix, Vermiculite-based masonry material. TherMix cures into a lightweight, semi-hard mass that forms a thermal insulation barrier to keep flue gases warm and exterior chimney surface temperatures within safe limits. Additionally, TherMix acts as a masonry filler. When poured into the masonry chimney, TherMix fills voids and cracks. This eliminates airflow and moisture build-up between the liner and chimney. Listed by Underwriters Laboratories (UL), UL 1777, in combination with several brands and types of lining materials for use in applications where chimneys are in direct contact with framing or other combustible materials (Zero Clearance). *NOTE: TherMix by itself is not a chimney liner. Installation instructions provided by the liner manufacturer must be followed. Benefits At-a-Glance: • No Health Risks: Non-fibrous, non-toxic, inert and manufactured under stringent quality controls. Safe to the installer and homeowner, today and into the future. • Adds Safety: Chimneys insulated by TherMix reduce creosote build-up, the chance of a chimney fire is minimized and its dangers are decreased. • Superior Performance: Featuring high "R" values, flue surface temperatures are balanced and react quickly to firing cycles of heating units. Aiding ® in optimal heating efficiencies. • Durable & Tested: When properly installed, TherMix does not leak, separate or deteriorate. Field tested since 1984. • Reinforces: Insulates the liner & flue gas while providing a strong bond for the masonry chimney. UPC-A Listing Description Stock # 662492272831 TherMix Bag 020597 662492190869 TherMix Box 020600 *Full pallets hold 40 bags or 24 boxes. TherMix yields 3.25ft2 per bag or box.
    [Show full text]
  • CHIMNEYS Buildings That Are Rehabilitated Should Have Their Chimney and Chimney Tops Restored. Removal of Chimneys Is Not Permi
    CHIMNEYS Buildings that are rehabilitated should have their chimney and chimney tops restored. Removal of chimneys is not permitted. Chimney tops were often decorative as well as watertight. Chimney pots were of pottery and were used on later buildings. The long axes of chimneys were usually parallel to the side walls and perpendicular to the front walls of buildings. Rooftop treatments which conceal the flue must be provided for all "prefab" metal fireplace chimneys. 7. LOGGIAS In Creole style houses, the loggia is a key architectural element. A loggia is defined as "an open, arcaded area", usually on the first floor at the end of a passageway or porte- cochere in Creole townhouses and at the center rear of Creole cottages. It is often the area where the stair to the upper floors is located. Loggias were always covered (under the main roof) and were traditionally open, while the areas directly above them on the upper floors of Creole townhouses were often shuttered or glazed. Loggias which have not been enclosed shall remain open. 5. VENTS A. Vents on buildings allowed air to flow under the raised wooden first floor to reduce dampness and discourage termites. Early vents were created with simple vertical bars or openings in brick patterns. After 1850, cast iron vents of a more decorative nature were used. B. Vents were used to ventilate attic spaces and decorate soffits of roof overhangs. Sheet metal attic vents, some cylindrical with ornate caps on roof ridges and triangular louvered type on roof slopes, are usually only found on late 19th and early 20th century buildings.
    [Show full text]