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Recommended Practices for Masonry Fireplace and Chimney Construction

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Recommended Practices for Masonry Fireplace and Chimney Construction BALANCING THE VENTILATION TIPS OF SAFE FIREPLACE REFERENCES In order for a fireplace, which utilizes OPERATIONS Published by the New York State Concrete Masonry Association natural draft to function properly, New York State Fire Prevention A fireplace fire, properly laid and fed and Building Code a supply of makeup air must be is easy to tend to and trouble free. Here available to replace the air exhausted is a good method for building a fire. National Fire Protection up the chimney. In older homes there Be sure the damper is open before Association, Quincy, MA is often enough leakage around doors lighting the fire! and windows to provide this air. In International Code Council Use a small amount of paper and newer, tighter homes another source International Building Code of air may need to be provided. Before a moderate number of kindling wood lighting the fire, use incense or a candle pieces to lay down the base. Place International Residential Code to determine if there is an updraft or a three small split logs directly on top. Country Club Hills, Illinois Space the logs to allow air to flow down draft in the chimney. If there is USA - Clay Flue Lining Institute no updraft try cracking open a window freely. National Concrete Masonry or door to provide a source of air to the Use wadded paper wand to light the RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR MASONRY room. If any problem persists you may fire. Hold the burning wand at damper Association, Herndon, VA FIREPLACE AND CHIMNEY CONSTRUCTION need to locate other sources of air level to start the draft, then lower it to Brick Industry Association of entering or being exhausted from the the paper/kindling stack. America, Reston, VA INTRODUCTION home. Exhaust fans and opening the As the kindling burns, add two or Illinois Masonry Institute, attic or upstairs rooms may be a source three pieces of wood - small logs are A well constructed masonry fireplace Park Ridge, IL of air flowing out of the building. Warm best at first. Stack the logs so that adds several elements of interest to the air tends to flow out from the upper the flames can get between them. Minnesota Masonry Institute home. Providing for not only a source floors and cold air flows in down lower Use larger logs when the fire is well Minneapolis, MN of warmth, masonry fireplaces add in the house. If you determine that you established. Masonry Institute of America, character, charm and value. As a result, need a permanent source of makeup The use of glass doors and screens Los Angeles, CA housing industry studies have shown air, contact a heating and ventilating is recommended for the safe and that masonry fireplaces are among specialist and discuss the various thermally efficient use of the fireplace. the top preferences of potential home options. Fireplaces will exhaust Keep screen closed when fire is buyers. The concrete masonry industry 400cfm to 1000cfm depending on size burning. Slow burning hard woods offers this Recommended Practice and intensity of the fire. to clarify the design and construction make the best fuel. Green wood gives NEW YORK STATE CONCRETE off less heat and can cause excess of masonry fireplaces in an effort to MASONRY ASSOCIATION REDUCING CREOSOTE BUILDUP creosote to build up in the chimney. assure quality, and safe construction One method for reducing creosote When ashes build up under the grate, that meets or exceeds the requirements buildup is to gradually stoke a medium all but a base layer about 1 inch thick of local and national building codes. hot fire for 15 to 30 minutes at least should be removed. Never use a Following the guidelines contained once a day, which tends to burn off the fireplace as an incinerator. in this publication will assure quality, creosote in small amounts. Seasoned For commercial or industrial safety, practicality, ease of construction or dry wood will form less creosote appliance applications please consult 347 McKennan Rd. and code compliance. These guidelines deposits than unseasoned or wet the local code. The recommendations, Frankfort, NY 13340 are a compilation of information from wood. In mild weather, frequent slow suggestions, statements, and technical Phone 315.254.0518 manufacturers, engineers, contractors, burning of the fireplace will severely data in this tech sheet are based on our Fax 315.883.1342 technical agencies and building code aggravate the creosote problem. best knowledge at the time of printing. Email ncarparelli@nys-cma. officials. Always check with your local Frequent inspection of the chimney They are given for informational code enforcement official prior to flues is important, especially during the purposes only and without any Copyright* 2011 New York State construction of your fireplace. first season Any problems that may be responsibilities for their use. Concrete Masonry Association, Inc. occurring can be corrected before they All Rights Reserved. become hazards. Inspect chimneys CODE ENFORCEMENT NOTIFICATION SIZE OF FIREPLACE from the roof using a flashlight, or Careful consideration should be The code enforcement official shall use a mirror to look up through the given to the size of the fireplace chimney flue. Any time an inspection be notified by the purchaser of any best suited to the room in which it is shows soot or creosote buildup the purchase or acquisition of any solid other important areas such as the located. This is important not only from CHART NO. 1 chimney should be cleaned. fuel burning heating appliance, or foundation, hearth, firebox, and smoke chimney construction materials. the fireplace’s appearance, but from its operation as well. If it is too small chamber. Some of these important CAUTION: The use of chemicals which All businesses selling or installing items are expanded upon below. Also Fireplace Opening Size of Room it will not produce a sufficient amount Width in Inches in Feet are supposed to clean the chimney solid fuel burning heating appliances, see the enclosed drawing details for when they are placed on a fire could and or chimney construction materials of heat, even though it functions further clarification. 24 to 32 10 x 14 produce heat intense enough to cause shall notify the purchaser(s) in writing properly. Follow Chart No. 1 as a guide 32 to 36 12 x 16 damage to the concrete masonry and at the time of sale or acquisition that in selection of the size best suited for 36 to 40 12 x 20 clay flue liners which contribute to the they are legally required to notify their your application. 40 to 48 14 x 28 deterioration of these elements. local code enforcement official before Please read the entire tek 48 to 60 16 x 30 installation or erection commences. After selecting the appropriate spec 3.5 before proceeding 48 to 72 20 x 26 Please accept this Tek Spec 3.5 as size of the fireplace, consideration with design and construction. and official written notification of the in planning is necessary for several above. 8 1 BEFORE WE START combustible elements offer support SMOKE CHAMBER Masonry fireplaces are site built to the hearth or fireplace. The smoke chamber located and offer the unique ability for infinite For fireplaces up to 6 sq. ft. (or directly above the firebox shall be variability and individual expression. an opening of approximately 3’ x 2’) constructed of minimum 2” thick Two specific designs are detailed in the hearth extension must project 16 firebrick, a manufactured vitrified clay this guide, the Standard Fireplace and inches in front of the fireplace and smoke chamber, or 4” solid masonry. the Rumford Fireplace. The Standard 8 inches beyond each side of the A 1/2” to 3/4” thick parged refractory fireplace (see p. 4-5) has a short fireplace opening. For larger sized may be required over corbeled firebox with the back wall leaning openings these dimensions increase firebrick to form a smooth surface to forward. The Rumford Fireplace (see to 20 inches in front and 12 inches easily transition smoke and gases up through the smoke chamber. (Refer p. 6-7) is tall with widely splayed on the sides. The fireplace hearth to drawings for minimum total wall sidewalls and an aerodynamic curved and sidewalls are constructed of a thickness). throat that improves draft and reduces minimum of 2 inches of firebrick laid The smoke chamber, for Standard in refractory mortar. Note the firebox emissions. The heating ability of the Fireplace Design, shall be constructed is surrounded by 4 inch solid block Rumford is legendary. The ease of so the sidewalls and front wall taper construction, and the visual appeal of for structural stability and thermal inward to form the support of the the tall opening makes the Rumford heat storage (refer to drawings fireplace chimney. The chimney shall a very popular feature with architects for minimum total wall thickness). be positioned so that it is centered and home builders. Firebrick made to the specifications on the width of the fireplace and the Although there are many design listed will provide minimal expansion back of the flue liner is aligned flush variations that are quite acceptable and contraction throughout the with the vertical rear surface of the for masonry fireplaces, the same operating temperature of residential smoke chamber. This configuration principles of construction apply fireplaces and chimneys. Therefore, provides for smooth uninterrupted to all designs as outlined in no allowance to accommodate exiting of smoke and gases from the this specification. Of particular movement of firebrick is included. fireplace into the chimney. NOTE: The importance are minimum clearance All firebrick must be installed in Rumford throat and Smoke Chamber to combustibles, building codes and refractory mortar.
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