NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
NMMC Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
From the desk of Commissioner…….
NMMC’s mission Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation provided the best possible urban infrastructures & environment to the city. It is is to protect, evident from the fact that the city of Navi Mumbai is recognized enhance and by the receipt of four state level awards for its continued efforts restore the towards providing better environment & urban infrastructures for the citizens in the year 2012-13. natural • The Environmental International Institute “The environment for Energy and Resources Institute (teri)” made MOU the well-being with NMMC for “Eco City” • Sant Gadge Baba Nagri Swachata Abhiyan special of all citizens of Award - 2008-09 from Government of Maharashtra NMMC for best Sanitation practices in city. • Best practices award for NMMC centre of Education and Training for Handicap children by Social Justice & Special aid department of Government of Maharashtra. • First prize award for Family Welfare Programme, TB prevention & Control programme, and Second for Mother Child Health Care Programme in Maharastra state. • Best Urban ICT award for E-Governance project of NMMC by Government of Maharashtra. The Overall Quality of Life Index (QOLI) for citizens of NMMC is increased by 0.78 % from 73.70% to 74.48%
NMMC shall continue its efforts for better environment and better quality of life for citizens.
Dr Bhaskar Wankhede Commissioner Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation
NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
NAVI MUMBAI’s ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN FOR “CLEAN, GREEN & HEALTHY CITY”
Executive Summary
Environmental NMMC has long term vision to bring this city to Status international standards with respect to infrastructure facilities Report and environment to benefit the citizens. The aim of preparation of Environmental Status Report is assessment of environment on yearly basis and deciding priority for short and long-term environmental actions. NMMC has planned for following Environment Improvement projects to achieve the vision.
Eco City The Environmental International Institute “The Energy and Resources Institute (teri)” made MOU with NMMC for “Eco City”.
NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Water supply NMMC is implementing 24x7 Water Supply project for entire NMMC area consisting of Automatic Meter reading project, Water Audit, Leak detection with latest leak detecting equipments, Condition assessment study, Energy Audit, hydraulic modelling and improvements of Water distribution Networks. These projects are completed to the extent of 75%. These are priority projects under progress for improvement of water supply system as a whole. NMMC has enhanced the capacity of water treatment plant from 300 to 450 MLD, completed SCADA with pressure sensors & automatic control valves, constructed new 450 MLD, Water pumping Station and constructed HV 100 KVA sub-station for 24x7 power supply at Bhokarpada. NMMC is receiving 450 MLD water supply from Morbe dam by gravity.
Sewerage Improvement of overall sewerage system and Improvement of all sewage pumping stations under JNNURM scheme are 75% complete. The construction of Sewage treatment plant at CBD /
NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Sanpada / Koparkhairane under JNNURM is completed Construction of new PUCs, Recycle/Reuse of treated sewage on PPP basis, Purchase of new jetting machines for de-silting of manholes and sewer lines - are projects under progress. NMMC received Sant Gadge Baba Nagri Swachata Abhiyan Award -2008-09 Government of Maharashtra for best Sanitation practises in city. Storm Water Improvement of Storm Water drains, Nallas and Drains channels in MIDC area with MMRDA loans, de-silting and beautification of holding ponds- are priority projects proposed
for improvement of storm water drainage system as a whole. NMMC received permission from MCZMA for carrying out the desilting work of holding pond in principal. Which needs further approval from Hon. High court NMMC carried improvement of storm water holding pond at sector 19 Koperkhairne and converted the same in rain water holding pond with beautification. This is being used for religious events like immersion of Ganapati idols etc. This environmental project is appreciated by all.
( Sector – 19, Holding Pond at Koparkhairne.)
Lakes NMMC had set Lake Vision in 2009-10. Lake vision activities include de-silting, construction of side walls, partition Gabian walls, separate compartment to make
NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
immersion of Ganpati idols, Beautification includes Welcome arch, benches, jogging track, water fountain and Bio- remediation. It has reduced contamination of water substantially and improved quality of lake water. The Lake vision-stage II programme of Beautification is proposed as overall improvement of Lake at sector 18A Nerul, Gothivali and Ghansoli .
Solid Waste Commissioning of solid waste processing facility has Management made Integrated solid Waste Disposal facility fully functional as per Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules
September 2000. Closure of Landfill cell-I & II is priority project for further improvement of Solid Waste Management. The procurement of new garbage bins, and transportation vehicle are proposed in 2013-14.
( Leachate Treatment Plant at Turbhe Landfill Site.)
Health NMMC received First prize award for Family Welfare Services Programme, TB Prevention & Control Programmme and
NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Second award for Mother Child Health Care Programme in Maharastra state. Construction of 100 bed general hospitals each at Nerul and Airoli, Construction of two new 50 beds hospitals at Ghansoli & Digha, Free Medical check-up & health card for slum dwellers, CT scan, health check-up for school students, MMR vaccination program, Tele medicine advice by expert doctors of NMMC, expansion and improvement of MCHs and construction of new MCHs - are new projects under implementation for improvement of Health Services as a whole. NMMC proposes integrated diagnostic centre consisting of CT scan & MRI and FACC for Palm beach marg.
Trees and Construction of Wonders park at Nerul for children is Gardens completed and appreciated by citizens. NMMC completed re-development of 21 nos. of gardens in NMMC area Construction of Theme garden, Ayurvedic medicinal herbal garden, Development of Morbe Theme park, Development of Gavli Dev water fall as tourism spot, new garden at Savli, - are new projects proposed for improvement of Trees and Gardens as a whole.
( Wonders Park at Nerul.) Roads and Construction of Foot Bridge at Sector-15 Vashi and Footpaths Turbe naka, Construction of Underpass at sector 1 & 3 Nerul,
NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
near Mukund company Digha, Airoli, Rabada, and Ishwarnagar Digha, Construction of Road-over-bridge at Sanpada Railway station,Talawali naka and rabada, Construction of Parking facility at sector 15 Belapur, Improvement of roads in Gaothans and city roads in NMMC area, Integrated improvement of roads in MIDC area, Beautification & greening of road dividers and squares of Belapur, Nerul, Sanpada, Vashi, Koparkhairane, Airoli and Digha, Construction of sky walk at sector 3 & 9 Nerul, 1 & 3 Nerul and sector 9 to 15 Vashi, Installation of Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Station at Belapur and Nerul, Construction of Noise barriers at Nerul and Belapur - are priority projects proposed for improvement of ‘Road, Footpath and Traffic’ system as a whole .
(Footpath at Sector -15, C.B.D.)
NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Slums NMMC has submitted the proposal for slum improvement under SRA to GOM. “Gharkool Yojna’ for Adivasi tribe in NMMC area is proposed. Social and Construction of Daily markets in all wards, Entertainment Construction of Community hall-cum-multi purpose building at sector-3 Vashi, sector-5 Koparkhairane and sector 2 & 9 in Airoli, Construction of Marriage hall at Belapur , Ghansoli and Digha, Improvement of 11 play grounds in NMMC area, Improvement of Fire brigade station at Vashi, Nerul and Belapur, Construction of Fire training center at sector-3 Airoli, Beautification of costal area of NMMC, Construction of swimming pool at sector-12 Vashi, Development of IT park at sector-18 Turbhe and sector-50 Nerul, Wi-Fi facility for citizen, Overall Improvement of crematoria in all wards, Construction of memorial hall, Construction of outdoor and indoor game complex at Ghansoli and Airoli in NMMC area and Construction of auditorium at Airoli - are proposed new projects to facilitate the social life of citizen.
(Proposed Fire Station Complex at Vashi)
NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Education The work carried out by NMMC in persons with different ability & training is appreciated by state government of Maharashtra. The NMMC centre for physically challenged children education & training is selected by state government to provide guidance to establish such centres in various other states in India. NMMC completed the construction of three schools under School vision. NMMC has declared its vision for excellent education for all and received first award among all Municipal Corporations in Maharashtra. NMMC has done excellent work for the education for literacy among children of low income group citizens. Construction of computer room & Laboratory is proposed at all NMMC schools. NMMC proposed English medium up to 5th standard in NMMC school. Laboratory NMMC proposed to acquire second mobile air quality monitoring van for MIDC area. NMMC proposes modernisation of environmental laboratory.
Summary of Environmental Status in NMMC Area.
Three indicators have been used in the present assessment: • Environmental Quality Index (EQI) • Urban Infrastructure Index (UII) and • Quality of Life Index (QOLI).
The computed values of Indices for present and past years are given in following Table. The basis of computation of Indices has been kept same.
S. No Index 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
1 Environmental Quality Index (EQI) 66.77% 69.05% 70.02%
2 Urban Infrastructure Index (UII) 78.24% 78.35% 78.94%
3 Quality of Life Index (QOLI) 72.51% 73.70% 74.48%
Overall increase in value of EQI is attributed to Ground Water Quality of wells and decrease in no. of cases of Malaria. Increase in value of UII is attributed to commissioning of : 450 MLD water
NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013 supply from Morbe dam to Digha by gravity, Rainwater holding pond at sector 19, Koparkhairane, Processing facility for solid waste, E-Library, Wonders park at Nerul and Other garden redevelopment work.
The overall effect of EQI and UII is that there is increase in QOLI for citizen of NMMC by 0.78 %.
NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
CONTENTS
Section Contents Page
1 Introduction 1
2 NMMC Area 3
3 Amenities and Facilities in NMMC Area 10
4 Water Supply 11
5 Sewerage 16
6 Storm Water Management 20
7 Solid Waste Management 24
8 Health Services 28
9 Roads and Transport 34
10 Trees and Gardens 40
11 Lakes 42
12 Environmental Related Facilities 44
13 Summary of Environmental Status in NMMC Area 49
14 Tables 59
15 Annexure 76
16 Environmental Challenges and Agenda For Action 84
NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
AWARDS RECEIVED By NAVI MUMBAI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
• 1st prize under the Sant Gadgebaba urban cleanliness campaign twice(2002-2003 & 2005-2006 ) with cash reward of Rs 50,00,000/- • National Water Award-2008 constituted by Urban Development Dept (Government of India), Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad and FCCI for successful implementation of 24x7 water supply in Navi Mumbai. • Ranked 1st in the state for the year 2007-2008 & 2008-2009 in implementing the SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAAN campaign of the Government of India. (Education for All). • National Urban Water Award-2009, by Hon. President of India for “Services to Urban Poor.” • Vasundhara Award – 2009 by Hon. Chief Minister of GOM for excellence in city environment. • Best City Award for Improvement in Waste Water and Sanitation Services under JNNURM (2009). • Government of India National Urban Water Awards (NUWA) 2010 for " Improved Customer Satisfaction, Governance, Public Disclosure and Transparency". • Government of India National Urban Water Awards (NUWA) 2010 for "Sanitary Improvements and Safe Disposal Practices, Integrated Storm Water Disposal System". • Indian Municipal Vision-2020 Award for "WISITEX Green Urban Development Award of The Decade". • Sant Gadge Baba Nagri Swachata Abhiyan special Award - 2008-09 from Government of Maharashtra for best Sanitation practices in city. • EPC World Award for Outstanding Contribution in Urban Civic Amenities (STP Project). • Best practices award for NMMC centre of Education and Training for Handicap by Social Justice & Special aid department of Government of Maharashtra. • Best Urban ICT award for E-Governance project of NMMC by Government of Maharashtra. • First prize award for Family Welfare Programme, TB prevention & Control program and Second award for Mother Child Health Care Programme in Maharastra state.
NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
1. Introduction
Navi Mumbai on the mainland across the harbour is a major urban development project taken by Government of Maharashatra. Navi Mumbai is the outcome of recommendations of the Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Planning Board, which submitted its report on January 1970. Navi Mumbai is developed through a specially constituted planning authority and fully owned Government Company, namely City & Industrial Development Corporation of (Maharashtra) Ltd. (CIDCO). Regional Planners as well as special planning authority have applied their full expertise to provide the best physical environment to this city. The city has been provided with well-planned amenities and infrastructure re facilities to the best design practices of town planning and environmental norms. The physical environment of the city constitutes Land, Climate, Vegetation, Forests, Wildlife, Wetlands, Infrastructure, Public services & utilities, Air pollution levels, Noise levels, Water pollution levels, Community facilities & services. The rapid and excessive development of the city results in deterioration of physical environment that results in the poor quality of life for citizen. This fact is witnessed all over the world. Hence United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 established “Agenda 21” for environmental sustainability. Sustainable development is that meets the needs of people without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The conservation of natural resources is a strong component of sustainable development. It is thus essential to monitor the physical components of environment in order to maintain the quality of life in the city and also to ensure sustainable development. With 74th Amendments to the constitution in India, the local bodies got Constitutional status but at the same time the twelveth Schedule under article 243 W cast upon these bodies to perform duties, which are more than traditional one. “Urban forestry, Protection of environment and Promotion of Ecological aspects” is one of the important additions in this list. Protection of environment and Promotion of Ecological aspects is wide subject that includes many sectors and departments and crosses geographical boundaries. Department like water supply, sewerage, solid waste management, storm water drains, roads, traffic, wetlands, trees, gardens, social facilities, markets, buildings, factories, slum improvement, education are all concerned with the subject. As per provisions of the related Acts, all Municipal Corporations and ‘A’ class Municipal Councils are required to prepare the Environmental Status Report (ESR) on “Protection of Environment and Promotion of Ecological Aspects” at local level every year.
1 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
The aims of preparation of Environmental Status Report are: The achievement of healthier and fuller life, including desirable environment for citizen. The long-range survival and welfare of society including life supporting environment. Introduction of environmental management at municipal level planning, Assessing environment on yearly basis and deciding priority for short and long-term environmental actions. Thus Environmental Status Report while assessing the present status of environmental quality attempts to identify potential problem areas, devise strategies in terms of priority areas of corrective and preventive actions, enabling institutional mechanisms, and monitoring arrangements. The report is divided in 13 sections. First 12 sections deal with each individual environmental component. This includes review of previous year actions and short term planning for next year. The summary of environmental status of all components is given in section 13.
2 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
2. NMMC Area
2.1 History The growth of Mumbai city is constrained by sea at south, east and west. As a result total land area available for development of Mumbai is limited. Hence, developmental planners, in late 1960, started exploiting alternative for dispersal and control of Mumbai population. Eminent architects, Charles Coria, Shirish Patel and Pravin Mehta suggested Navi Mumbai as alternative to Mumbai. Navi Mumbai has been developed as a planned city, a counter magnet for Mumbai. It has been developed as an independent, fully self-contained metro city. Navi Mumbai is the world's large, totally planned, well-balanced, modern city. Navi Mumbai has been planned and developed by CIDCO to meet the infrastructural needs of a modern metropolis. CIDCO is a State Public Sector Undertaking registered under Companies Act in March 1970. CIDCO prepared developmental plan for Navi Mumbai covering 95 villages from Thane and Raigad district covering total area of 343.70 sq km. (Table 2.1.1). This was approved by the Government of Maharashtra in August 1979. Navi Mumbai has been developed as an environment friendly, beautifully landscaped area with parks, gardens and promenades along waterfronts. Care has been taken to preserve the mountainous terrain, lakes and green spaces in Navi Mumbai, which cover nearly half of its total area. For catering to the requirements of 29 villages in CIDCO project and 14 villages from Kalyan notified area, NMMC was formed vide Government order dated December 17, 1991. NMMC came in to existence on January 1, 1992. Total area under NMMC was 162.5 sq km. (Table 2.1.2). In the CIDCO area there are seven nodes viz. CBD Belapur, Vashi, Nerul, Koparkhairane, Ghansoli, Sanpada and Airoli. All seven nodes are fully developed and hence, all powers under the Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act 1966 have been transferred to NMMC. 14 villages from Kalyan notified areas are taken out of jurisdiction of NMMC vide Government order NMC 102000/LNO 54/04/NV 28 dated June 8, 2007. Total area under NMMC is 108.638 sq km
3 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Wards of Navi Mumbai
4 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
2.2 Location Navi Mumbai is a part of south Konkan coastline. This coastline joins Sahyadri mountain ranges in south and 50 to 100 m high hills in east. Navi Mumbai area lies between mountain ranges and coastline. Navi Mumbai is located between 190.5’ and 190.15’ (N) latitude and 720.55’ and 730.5’ (E) longitude. Navi Mumbai is located at the centre of Mumbai Metropolitan Region. To the west of this area is Arabian Sea while to the north is Thane, to the east is Kalyan and to the south is Panvel town.
2.3 Demography The Maharashtra Government industrial promotion policy leads to development of industrial belt in Navi Mumbai. These industries, in turn, attracted a large population as workers. Many government and corporate offices have been shifted from Mumbai to Navi Mumbai. Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Engineering, Textile Processing, Petrochemical, Electronics, Oil and Processing, Paper, Plastic, Steel and Food Industries in Taloja, IT sector, SEZ, DAKC and Thane Belapur Industrial Belt of Navi Mumbai offer job opportunities of every conceivable kind - from engineers to mechanics and clerks to peons. As a result, a large population of service class and middle class population shifted to Navi Mumbai. As per Urban Health Post (UHP) survey, the population residing within NMMC area during 2012-13 was 14,27,375 lakhs. (Table 2.3.2). Ghansoli area is expected to grow in population at faster rate. The average density of population in NMMC area is 13167 persons per sq.km. There are 89 ward of NMMC. Table 2.3.2: Population in NMMC Area (UHP Survey) Sr.no Year Population Increase % Source
1 2001 7,03,947 Census 2 2002-03 7,26,126 3.10 UHP Survey 3 2003-04 7,59,311 4.56 UHP Survey 4 2004-05 8,46,100 11.42 UHP Survey 5 2005-06 8,75,311 3.45 UHP Survey 6 2006-07 9,25,346 5.71 UHP Survey 7 2007-08 10,43,882 6.54 UHP Survey 8 2008-09 10,88,575 4.10 UHP Survey 9 2009-10 11,99,667 10.20 UHP Survey 10 2010-11 12,47,654 4.00 UHP Survey 11 2011-12 13,74,519 11.00 UHP Survey 12 2012-13 14,27,375 3.80 UHP Survey (Source: Health Department, NMMC)
5 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
2.4 Climate
Navi Mumbai temperature varies from 120C to 430C. In winter temperature is between 120C to 300C while summer temperature ranges from 300C to 430C. Out of total rainfall, 90 % rainfall is experienced during June to September. Monthly average humidity ranges from 61% to 86%.
Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) has set up a continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station (AAQMS) at fire brigade premises at Vashi, Koparkhairane, Airoli and Sanitary landfill site at Turbhe which daily collects meteorological data. Based on station observations, predominant wind direction in Navi Mumbai is south-west in monsoon and north-east during rest of the year.
Micrometeorological observations were obtained from Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations (AQMS) from April 2012 to March 2013. It was observed that predominant wind direction S-W during April-May. As a result the city experiences improvement in ambient quality due to monsoon. Monsoon washes out and transport away pollution from residential area during June to September. Maximum and minimum wind speed was 2.01 km/hr and 0.01 km/hr respectively. The maximum and minimum temperature was 40.120C and 15.640C. The maximum and minimum relative humidity values noted were 99.85% & 18.20%.
There are total four rain-monitoring stations in NMMC area. Based on station observations, total rainfall during the year 2012 was recorded as 2326.38 mm.
Table 2.4.1: Meteorological Observations 2012-2013
Range Meteorological Observations 2012-2013 Wind speed Temp Humidity m/s 0C % Max. 2.01 40.12 99.85 Min. 0.01 15.64 18.20
6 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 2.4.2: Rainfall in NMMC Area, Rainfall (mm)
Year June July August September October November Total 2002 613.00 165.00 910.00 86.00 - - 1774.00 2003 770.20 908.70 497.80 268.80 33.00 - 2478.30 2004 346.50 918.40 980.70 224.70 9.50 - 2640.37 2005 627.22 1505.12 452.40 683.40 - - 3268.04 2006 571.50 1109.60 985.50 369.00 117.40 - 3153.00 2007 879.16 617.40 644.50 309.50 50.00 - 2500.56 2008 620.93 665.90 648.66 360.68 20.97 - 2317.14 2009 101.45 937.19 139.51 291.69 200.33 - 1670.17 2010 471.90 879.38 660.00 244.62 61.25 47.65 2364.80 2011 502.88 1195.22 600.05 239.90 70.45 - 2608.50 2012 386.02 802.26 548.23 589.87 - - 2326.38
NMMC area experienced highest 806 mm of rainfall on 26th July 2005 that caused heavy flooding of NMMC area.
2.5 Wards of NMMC Area The jurisdiction of NMMC starts at Digha in north and ends at Belapur in south. NMMC area has been divided in eight wards sprawling in 108.5 sq km. These are Belapur, Nerul, Turbhe, Vashi, Koparkhairane, Ghansoli, Airoli and Digha.
7 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
2.6 Land Use in NMMC Area Government of Maharashtra had identified total area of 343.70 sq km for Navi Mumbai. Out of this only 108.638 sq km area is under NMMC. This area includes residential, industrial, commercial, depots and warehouses, administrative areas, education campuses, roads, railways, parking spaces, open spaces for public use, gardens, crematorium, water supply, sewerage and electric supply facilities. (Table 2.6.1 & 2.6.2) At present, agricultural activity in Navi Mumbai area is extremely limited. There are forests in the north-east area of Navi Mumbai. 20.35 % of total NMMC area (26.55 sq km) is forest area. The main plant species found in these forests are Aeranda, Arjuna, Apta, Shewaga, Palas, and Behda etc. Out of the total developed area of 108.638 sq km, 60.79 % area is used for urban, commercial, industrial, administrative areas and infrastructure such as crematorium, water supply and sewage disposal, roads, railways. 19.92 sq km area is undeveloped. There is forest area of 26.55 sq km, 0.52 sq km garden area, 0.52 sq km lake area and 34.2 km creek length within NMMC limits. Thane-Belapur Industrial Belt (TBIA) of Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) across Trans Thane Creek (TTC) Industrial area is in the jurisdiction of NMMC. At present only 60% industries are almost closed or operating at low capacities. The entire area is experiencing boom in the form of corporate offices and IT sector. There are over 268614 lakh registered properties in NMMC, which are used for residential, commercial and industrial purposes (Table 2.6.4). Construction of new buildings is going on in various zones. During year 2012-2013 over 1160 permissions to start new construction were granted. Review of records reveals that Koparkhairane, Airoli and Nerul are the most preferred zones for construction of new buildings. (Table 2.6.5)
2.7 Development City Development Plan (CDP) for NMMC NMMC has completed the work of preparation of Development plan in 2006-07 for the improvement of infrastructures of Navi Mumbai for the period of 2007-2042 under for Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) Infrastructure Grant for Cities from Central government. CDP has considered all infrastructure requirements of Navi Mumbai for the period of 2007-2042. There are 41,956 slum units in 48 slum pockets as on the date in NMMC area. Major slums are located in MIDC area. As per population forecast, 22.6% of the total population of the NMMC shall be urban poor in 2042. The ever-increasing number of slum dwellers causes tremendous pressure on urban basic services and infrastructure. In order to cope
8 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013 with massive problems that have emerged as a result of rapid urban growth, it has become imperative to draw up a coherent urbanization policy/strategy to implement projects for urban poor in NMMC. Focused attention to integrated development of Basic Services to the Urban Poor in the NMMC covered under the Project.
2.8 Disaster Management Cell of NMMC The Municipal Commissioner vide order No.RVN&ForestDMU2006/CR-11/DM-1/ dated 25th July 2006 is appointed as the District Disaster Officer for Navi Mumbai in majority of the disasters within the managerial capacity of NMMC. The NMMC will manage the disaster situation without intervention from the State authorities. With an RDMC (Regional Disaster Management Cell) and 2 Control Rooms, Micro-level plans at ward level have been prepared for all the 8 wards incorporating specific responsibilities of ward officer who will act as Ward Disaster Manager. However, in cases of disasters of exceptionally large magnitude that requires coordination with wide range of lateral agencies including central government agencies, the Additional Chief Secretary (Home) can play a vital role to provide help from various Govt organisations to the Municipal Corporation to handle the Disaster of Navi Mumbai. NMMC has established Disaster Management Cell at two locations in NMMC area. The functions of the Navi Mumbai Disaster Management Committee are: • Ensure effective inter-departmental co-ordination between all departments • Provide policy decisions when required • Keep the government informed about disaster situation. • Review disaster related activity reports received from NMMC Control Room, Police Control Room and Army Control Room and provide appropriate directions. • Co-ordinate the activities of lateral, and Central Government agencies like Defence Services, SRP, RPF, Coast Guards, CISF ,MTNL, AAI, Port Trust, FCI, DD, AIR Meteorology Dept, MPCB, BARC
2.9 Major Development around NMMC The Major Developments around NMMC are: Proposed International Airport Nhava – Sewri Sea Link Project. Central Park Development of third and fourth Navi Mumbai. Mass housing projects covering area up to Pune, Pen and Matheran. All these developments are going to make NMMC area as a central hub for economic activity in near future.
9 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
3. Amenities and Facilities in NMMC Area
3.1 Amenities and facilities NMMC provides basic amenities like water supply, sewerage, sewage treatment, storm water management, solid waste collection and disposal, public toilets, crematoriums, roads, footpaths, public buildings etc. to the population residing in NMMC area. NMMC also provides facilities such as hospitals and dispensaries, public transport, education. These facilities are also provided by private sector. In addition NMMC extends services such as fire fighting, undertakes slum improvement, development and maintenance of parks, gardens and open grounds, public libraries, tree plantation, entertainment facilities etc. The status of these amenities and facilities during 2012-2013 is given in sections 4 to 13. 3.2 Status of Environmental Quality Assessment In order to establish the status of environmental quality in NMMC area, extensive field monitoring was carried out during April 2012 to March 2013. Field sampling was carried out for ambient air quality, noise level, water quality in lakes, water quality in storage reservoirs, municipal solid waste, bio-medical waste, working of sewage treatment plants. Data was also collected on water quality in drains (Nallas), and for influent/effluent from various sewage treatment plants. The basis of evaluation of environmental quality index has been retained as of previous year for continuity purpose. Details of data and Salient observations are discussed in relevant sections.
10 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
4. Water Supply
4.1 Present Status: Water requirement of NMMC is estimated to reach 500 MLD at the end of 2042 as per various water supply forecasts carried out by NMMC. NMMC selected Morbe dam as water supply source and Government of Maharashtra (GOM) permitted NMMC to take over the Morbe dam on 25-11-2002. NMMC completed balance works of Morbe dam during year 2002 to 2013. The balance works included Morbe water transmission pipeline, augmentation of water treatment plant, water pumping station at Bhokarpada, master balancing reservoir at Parsik hill, intermediate water pumping station at Belapur, augmentation of distribution networks for 24*7 water supply, implementation of SCADA system, installation of bulk and domestic water meters, construction of ESR/GSR and piped distribution network in gaothans and slum areas. The coverage of water supply in NMMC area is 100%. NMMC area started receiving 450 MLD potable water from Morbe dam in 2012-13. At present, potable water in NMMC area is supplied from Morbe dam, MIDC and CIDCO. 402 MLD water is supplied to NMMC area every day. Out of this, 350 MLD water is received from Morbe dam, and 52 MLD from MIDC (Table 4.1.2). NMMC supplies water to over 120357 consumers through network of 815 km long distribution systems with 114 service reservoirs (Table 4.1.3). NMMC established elaborate water quality checking and monitoring system from Morbe dam to tap water at consumers end. The chlorine is added as a disinfectant at source, water treatment plant and ESRs/GSRs. The residual chlorine is maintained the desired level (0.2 mg/l) of residual chlorine in the water. This water is distributed in NMMC area. Even though, water distribution system in NMMC area is satisfactory and NMMC is obliged to augment and improve the same to international level. NMMC received National level awards in recognition for the Efforts to improve the water supply system.
4.2 Status of Environmental Quality Drinking Water Quality
Water from Morbe, MIDC and CIDCO is supplied from manmade constructed dam based on rainwater catchment area hence water quality is better. With acquisition of Morbe dam by NMMC, water quality is better as water is free from pollution, colour and turbidity. NMMC carries out sampling of treated water every day and samples are sent to Environmental Testing laboratory of NMMC for the analysis. All necessary quality control is
11 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013 taken by NMMC in order to supply potable water to citizens. NMMC carries out remedial action in case of bad quality of potable water. Water contaminated with pathogens is harmful to human health. There is a danger of spreading epidemics if such water is consumed. Pathogens enter water supply system through mixing of sewage at the points of leakages in the water supply lines. NMMC regularly collects drinking water samples at various critical points including tube wells and gets analysed from environmental laboratory of NMMC. In case of contamination, the source of contamination is traced and corrective measures are planned and implemented. During the year 2012-2013, it is seen that 2.22 percent of samples were contaminated this is used as a indicator for water quality improvement. (Table 4.2.1).
Table 4.2.1 Assessment of Domestic Water Samples Samples Available Non Non Potable Year Potable Analysed Report potable Samples % 2001-02 4990 4990 4302 688 13.79 2002 -03 6493 6493 5811 633 9.74 2003-04 1406 1409 1278 131 9.31 2004-05 2907 2907 2586 21 0.81 2005-06 4402 4402 4106 232 5.27 2006-07 12372 12372 11601 771 6.23 2007-08 14367 14367 13918 449 3.12 2008-09 14991 14991 14538 453 3.02 2009-10 14506 14506 14369 137 0.94 2010-11 17807 17807 17138 669 3.76 2011-12 18792 18792 18365 397 2.04 2012-13 21847 21847 21311 536 2.22 (Source: NMMC Env. Lab)
Ground Water Quality There are 132 total wells in NMMC area. Well water is not used for potable purpose. NMMC has put up warning signs to that effect. NMMC carries out periodic cleaning and disinfections of all well water as precautionary measures. From the different zones of NMMC area, numbers of well water samples were collected to assess the quality of ground water. The analysis of the water was carried out for the parameters such as pH, DO, BOD, Residual Chlorine, Alkalinity, and MPN count (Table 4.2.2 ). The analysis of samples revealed presence of E/F-coli in well waters necessitating frequent controlled chlorination.
12 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 4.2.2 : Water Quality in Wells
PARAMETERS
Sr. Residual Chlor Hard MPN E. F. Location pH Turbidity DO BOD COD Cou No. Chlorine ide ness nt/10 Coli Coli 0 ml NTU (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Agroligao +ve +ve 1 n, Sector 7.2 1.4 Nil 2.8 3 25 5.49 596 23
29 Shahaba 2 zgaon, 7.6 1.2 Nil 4.0 3 17 54.95 312 23 +ve +ve Sector 19 Shiravan 3 e, Sector 7.3 2.2 Nil 3.0 4 17 5.49 463 23 +ve +ve 1, Nerul Sarsole, 4 Sector 6, 7.4 1.1 Nil 5.2 1 8 10.99 231 23 +ve +ve Nerul Karavega on, Near 5 7.1 1.5 Nil 3.4 6 33 120.88 303 23 +ve +ve Lake, Nerul Darave gaon, 6 7.1 2.9 Nil 2.2 3 17 60.44 223 23 +ve +ve Sector 23, Nerul Turbhe 7 gaon, 7.0 3.6 Nil .8 11 66 5.49 249 23 +ve +ve Sector 21 Ganpatip 8 ada, 6.7 2.2 Nil 3.6 2 17 478.04 854 23 +ve +ve Turbhe Tin Taki, Sector 9 7.3 1.3 Nil 4.2 1 8 21.98 303 23 +ve +ve 18,Kopar khairne Infront of P.C.Patil' s House, 10 Sector 7.1 1.0 Nil 4.4 3 21 5.49 276 23 +ve +ve 19, Koparkha irne Near Keshav Uncle's House, 11 7.2 1.0 Nil 4.6 2 8 38.46 312 23 +ve +ve Sector 19, Koparkha irne Anant Patil, 12 6.8 6.9 Nil 1.2 2 8 38.46 374 23 +ve +ve Chinchali Ghansoli
13 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
PARAMETERS
Sr. Residual Chlor Hard MPN E. F. Location pH Turbidity DO BOD COD Cou No. Chlorine ide ness nt/10 Coli Coli 0 ml NTU (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Old Video Center. 13 7.1 1.3 Nil .8 3 25 54.95 294 23 +ve +ve Talvalina ka, Ghansoli Rabadag aon behind 14 7.1 1.3 Nil 3.6 2 17 38.46 614 23 +ve +ve GSR/ES R, Rabada Vitbhatti, 16 Airoligao 7.3 1.5 Nil 2.2 3 12 71.43 427 23 +ve +ve n, Airoli Near Hanuman 17 Mandir, 7.2 1.8 Nil 4.6 3 12 87.92 490 23 +ve +ve Chinchpa da, Airoli Ilathanpa 18 7.5 1.5 Nil 5.0 2 17 60.44 356 23 +ve +ve da, Digha Subhash 19 nagar, 7.2 3.1 Nil 3.6 6 37 54.95 320 23 +ve +ve Digha Sanjay Gandhi 20 7.1 4.8 Nil 0.6 6 37 60.44 303 23 +ve +ve Nagar, Digha Juhugao 21 n, Sector 7.3 7.2 Nil 1.4 3 25 43.96 392 23 +ve +ve 11, Vashi Vashigao 22 n, Sector 7.6 1.2 Nil 2.0 6 41 93.41 561 23 +ve +ve 6, Vashi
4.3 Actions Taken / Proposed by NMMC on Environmental Projects
Department Environmental related projects Remarks Water Supply Improvement of Water Distribution Networks for Under implementation 24x7 Water Supply for NMMC area
14 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
4.4 PRIORITY ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS NMMC proposes 24 x 7 hrs water supplies & AMR for citizen by 2013-2014. The yield of many of tube well is declining. There is danger of creek water intrusion in tube wells. Ground water level in NMMC area has depleted considerably thus the rainwater harvesting is necessary to practice wherever possible to increase the yield and to arrest salt water intrusion. It is necessary to carry out technical audit of water supply system by independent authority to judge its design and performance.
15 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
5. Sewerage
5.1 Present Status
A well-planned system for sewerage exists in NMMC areas . Total length of sewers is 349.51 km. (Table 5.1.1). The raw sewage is collected through sewerage network and conveyed by gravity/sewage pumping stations to respective sewage treatment plants. The raw sewage is treated to drinking water standards in sewage treatment plant. The treated sewage is discharge into creeks. This has reduced smell nuisance and water pollution inside NMMC area. There are 8 number of sewage treatment plants in NMMC area at CBD Belapur, Nerul, Sanpada, Vashi, Koparkhairne and Airoli. The raw sewage generated in developed nodes is 280 MLD. 224 MLD is being treated at STPs. Balance from gaothan & slums is being let out without treatment. NMMC has also provided underground sewerage system in almost all GES areas and gaothans. At present, work of laying sewerage system is under progress at all nodes of NMMC. NMMC has provided sufficient as per norms Public toilets, public mobile toilet and public urinals at public places in nodes and gaothans. NMMC has provided sufficient as per norms Public toilets and public mobile toilet at available places in slum area.
5.2 Status of Environmental Quality Waste Water Management
The all treatment plants are re-constructed based on cyclic activated sludge process to minimize smell nuisance and water pollution in NMMC area. Samples at inlet and outlet were collected and analysed by respected department (Table 5.2.1 a & b) to assess the efficiency of treatment plants (Table 5.2.2). NMMC provided Public toilets, public mobile toilet and public urinals to arrest the visual pollution due to open defection in slum area at available places.
16 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 5.2.1.a Waste Water Quality at STP Quality of Influent to STP DO BOD COD Oil & SS Nitrates Nitrites Location PH mg/l mg/l mg/l Grease mg/l mg/l mg/l CBD-12 7.03 - 80 160 - 120
Nerul-50 7.1 0.8 163 306 - 210
Sanpada-20 6.91 0.66 172 315 - 249
Vashi-18 6.8 0.48 360 447 -
Koparkhairne-14 6.9 0.52 1.85 284 - 162
Airoli-18 7.11 0.60 194 260 - 136 (Source-ACE NMMC) Table 5.2.1.b Waste Water Quality at STP Quality of Effluent from STP DO BOD COD Oil & SS Nitrates Nitrites Location PH mg/l mg/l mg/l Grease mg/l mg/l mg/l
CBD-12 7.15 - 4 16 - 6
Nerul-50 7.2 5.5 4.4 34.5 - 8
Sanpada-20 7.2 5.5 4.2 46.13 - 7.67
Vashi-18 7.1 4.9 3.4 32.3 - 7
Koparkhairne-14 7.12 4.5 4.2 36 8
Airoli-18 7.56 4.3 4 38 8
Standards (Source-ACE NMMC)
Table 5.2.2: BOD Removal Efficiency of STPs BOD in BOD in effluent BOD removal Name of STP influent (mg/l) (mg/l) efficiency (%) CBD Belapur-12 80 4 95
Vashi-18 163 4.4 97.30
Koparkhairne-14 172 4.2 97.55
Airoli-18 360 3.4 99.05
Nerul-50 185 4.2 97.72
Sanpada-20 194 4 97.93 (Source-ACE NMMC)
17 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 5.2.3: Quality of Water in Creek
Parameters Location pH SS DO BOD COD TKN Nitrate Phosphate Chloride Belapur 6.8 1024 4.0 221 981 6.269 4.061 0.015 21401.96 Near Nerul Palm 5.2 460 2.6 84 396 5.964 2.269 1.033 4526.23 Beach Road Sanpada 6.7 993 3.1 117 603 5.908 3.785 0.027 14112.29 Koparkhairne 7.1 594 5.3 185 684 6.501 4.213 0.117 6115.02 Standards Note : All Values are in mg/l except pH
5.3 Actions Taken / Proposed by NMMC for Environmental Projects
Department Environmental related projects Remarks PHE Sewerage scheme for original gaothans & Under implementation Slums. Augmentation of city sewerage system, pumping equipments
5.4 PRIORITY ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS
It is necessary to recycle/utilize of treated sewage from treatment plants.
Although NMMC is trying its best to treat sewage to lowest standards on its own, the quality of creek water is inferior due to discharging of huge treated sewage at 100/100 (BOD/SS) standards by neighbouring cities as those standards are acceptable as per MPCB. Therefore it is necessary to adopt the long-term policy to arrest the ingress of tidal water in NMMC area. It is necessary to carry out performance audit of sewerage system by independent authority. There are cross connections from sewers to storm water drains at several places. Those are to be removed to avoid environmental degradation. There is report “Zero Pollution discharge in NMMC area” and may be used for re-use of treated sewage.
18 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
.
19 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
6. Storm Water Management
6.1 Present Status
A well-planned system for drainage and holding ponds for tidal water that ensure freedom from flooding during monsoon exists in NMMC area.
There are RCC storm water drain networks totalling 563 km in length. The ratio of length of storm water drains to total length of major roads in NMMC area is 84%. Although the roads in NMMC area are mostly provided with storm water drains, roads in MIDC area are covered the extent of 50% only. Storm water management of Navi Mumbai has been planned on the bases of the Netherlands. The system is called as ‘Dutch method’ Netherlands is the country that is located below sea level. This method is used for control of ingress of seawater during high tide and allowing the rainwater to flow in to sea during low tide naturally or by pumping with the help of high capacity pumps during high tide. The high tide levels and low tide levels difference has been used to control the ingress of sea water during high tide and disposal of rainwater during low tide. Essential parts of the system are Storm water holding pond, Retaining wall, Flap gates and Storm water pumping station. Navi Mumbai is located below High tide level. CIDCO used this system of flood control to optimise the reclamation levels of the city. For disposal of rainwater, holding ponds have been constructed in Belapur (sector 12 & 15A), Vashi (sector 8, 12, 10A, 30A,Vashi gaon), Turbhe (Sanpada sector 30 A), Koparkhairane (sector 14 & 20), and Airoli (sector 18) nodes. High capacity storm water pumping stations have been provided at Sector-12 CBD and Sector-8 at Vashi. Bunds have been constructed around these ponds and control mechanism for release of water during low tides has been installed. NMMC maintains these ponds. NMMC improved hydraulics of drainage system. Hence there is no reported cases of flooding in NMMC area. Stagnation of storm water reduced to large extend. This is reduced mosquito nuisance. NMMC received National award for its storm water system. NMMC converted holding pond sector-19 Koparkhairane into rainwater pond for Ganpati idols immersion and other religious functions. This project is environmental improvement achievement. There are more than 18 numbers of major nallas (Table 6.1.2 Length –74 Km) which discharge storm water in monsoon in creek area. These nallas originate in MIDC area and carries industrial effluent from industries in MIDC. Many of the nallas convey untreated sewage from slums in MIDC. These carry mixed wastewater during dry season.
20 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
6.2 Status of Environmental Quality 6.2.1 Surface Discharges There are 12 numbers of holding ponds in NMMC area those are connected to Thane creek. The samples were collected and analysed during 2012-2013 (Table 6.2.1). Water from ponds found to be unsuitable for recreational purpose. The major environmental problem in NMMC area is - treated/untreated wastewater in Thane creek by neighbouring cities including NMMC. Tidal water from creek freely flows in and out all developed nodes of Navi Mumbai via holding pond and drainage system through out the year. This needs to be prevented. Table 6.2.1: Water Quality of Holding Ponds.
Koparkhairne Vashi Sanpada Sector Parameters Sector 14 Sector 8A 18, 19 & 20 pH 7.0 7.3 6.8 SS 240 513 664 DO 4.4 9.3 4.4 BOD 74 102 77 COD 270 360 336 Nitrate 3.274 2.730 1.970 Nitrite 0.645 1.077 1.114 Phosphate 0.044 0.500 0.135 Chloride 2859.05 5511.85 8785.93 Sulphate 37.31 69.05 149.92 Note: All values are in mg/l except pH. Table 6.2.1: Water Quality of Holding Ponds.
Nerul Vashi Vashi Vashi Vashi Behind Belapur Parameters Palm Sector Sector Sector Railway Sector-12 Beach 10A 11&12 30 Station
pH 6.9 7.3 7.3 7.2 6.9 7.1
SS 339 351 1248 557 615 660
DO 5.1 7.1 6.4 4.3 3.2 Nil
BOD 70 66 264 58 101 52
COD 301 291 972 212 393 235
Nitrate 1.958 1.568 3.862 3.423 3.454 2.356
Nitrite 0.302 0.831 0.668 0.738 2.275 1.970
Phosphate 0.448 0.044 0.349 0.550 0.342 0.355
Chloride 3010.12 3139.94 18388.80 6809.47 9456.85 7158.97
Sulphate 29.79 79.89 130.31 87.08 70.32 102.23 Note : All Values are in mg/l except pH
21 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
There are more than 18 numbers of major nallahs which discharge water with sullage in creek area. MPCB routinely monitors quality of effluent from nallas. Nalla samples were collected and analysed during 2012-2013 (Table 6.2.2). The major environmental problem in NMMC area is due to disposal of partially-treated/untreated sewage/sullage from slum area and also due to unhygienic activities of washing clothes, utensils. It is necessary to divert nallas flow to nearest STP for treatment of raw sewage during dry season. The nalla in industrial area carry wastewater. The existing sewage treatment plants treat sewage lower to the levels stipulated in MPCB standards. Creek water quality is not better than treated sewage.
Table 6.2.2: Water Quality in Nallahs
Parameters Location pH SS DO BOD COD Nitrate Nitrite Sulphide Chloride Belapur Sector 12 6.9 65 3.6 29 127 0.920 0.532 1.34 140.70 Belapur Sector 15 6.9 115 1.6 72 270 2.281 0.048 9.11 335.35 Vashi Sector 18 7.0 288 Nil 72 309 3.210 0.408 35.02 1897.11 (Khairne Nallah) Turbhe Mafco 6.8 333 Nil 50 197 1.964 1.353 22.64 4516.43 Pavane MIDC 7.1 176 Nil 94 396 2.060 0.333 22.08 1341.33 Turbhe Sector 19 7.0 270 Nil 28 126 1.509 0.759 23.60 1954.78 Turbhe Sector 24 6.8 263 0.2 52 236 1.725 0.607 36.77 1927.16 Juinagar Herdillia 7.2 180 Nil 129 584 2.049 0.133 39.84 398.20 Koparkhairne Sector 11 6.7 139 Nil 116 519 2.292 0.576 24.31 520.18 Mahape Bridge 6.8 109 Nil 65 255 2.101 0.291 27.89 608.09 Airoli Bharat Bijali 6.7 188 Nil 57 223 1.549 0.676 24.46 406.74 Nocil 6.8 258 Nil 68 262 2.151 0.084 17.01 324.99 Near Nerul Palm Beach 6.8 787 Nil 178 643 2.633 2.799 26.88 8067.14 Road Note: 1) N. D. – Non Detectable 2) All concentrations in mg/l except pH
6.3 Taken / Proposed by NMMC for Environmental Projects.
Department Environmental related projects Remarks CE Augmentation of SPS of sector 21 Turbhe Under implementation CE Improvement of Nallas/ Storm water channels Under implementation at various places.
22 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
23 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
7. Solid Waste Management
7.1 Present Status Solid waste collection is carried out in 81 zones through private contractors. As per the guidelines of Honourable Supreme Court of March 1999 and Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules September 2000, solid waste management system has been reorganized. Accordingly, norms were formulated as 700 running meters road sweeping and 500 running meters of drain cleaning per worker. NMMC introduced mechanised sweepers for main roads in 2012-13. NMMC has taken over Thane Belapur Industrial area of MIDC from November 2004 and is providing SWM services in MIDC areas. This has increased 4 zones making total zones 85. Domestic solid waste from house to house in NMMC area is collected and loaded in refuse transportation vehicles mechanically by transportation contractors. Community bins are provided at market places. NMMC is collecting domestic solid waste (wet & dry) and transporting to Sanitary landfill at Turbhe from NMMC area. The separation is not done at source & it is done at sanitary landfill. About 625 MT solid waste is collected per day on an average. These wastes transported to sanitary landfill, weighed, separated into wet and dry components. Recyclable waste are separated and recycled. Wet waste is used for production of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and compost. The rejects are disposed of into sanitary landfill at Turbhe. While disposing solid waste, De-odorant is sprayed to minimize fly and odour nuisance. The operation & management of sanitary landfill is given to private contractor on PPP basis. The sanitary landfill is protected by constructing compound wall all around from stray dogs and trespassers. Green belt is constructed and planted with various plants around land fill site. IIIrd phases of sanitary landfill are covered with grass and methane is flared and burnt to reduce “Green House’’ effect. Air Quality Monitoring Station is provided to monitor air pollution from this Integrated solid waste Disposal facility at Turbe. Leachate treatment plant is commissioned and treated water is reused for windrow composting as cooling material. This is one of the environmental achievement. NMMC has put up informative hoardings on segregation of dry garbage and wet garbage at various places for guidance of citizen. The closure of Koperkhairne dumping ground and sanitary landfill at Turbhe are ideal projects as per Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules September 2000 and appreciated by visitor of World bank, Foreign mission, Municipal Commissioners from various state and other visitors.
24 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Hazardous Bio-medical wastes are collected from various hospitals and dispensaries by private contractor and disposed of at Hazardous Waste Disposal facility at Taloja.
7.2 Status of Environmental Quality Solid Waste Management The sources of solid waste in NMMC area are domestic waste and vegetable market waste. Sampling and analysis of solid waste was carried out during 2012-13 (Table 7.2.2 a). It was found that the composition of the waste varies across NMMC. The major components of the waste are papers, coconut shells, cloths and vegetable wastes. This indicates good level of recycling. At some places more than 10 % of waste was plastic waste. This is alarming and needs appropriate measures.
Table 7.2.1: Quantity of Solid Waste
Net Wt, Vehicles S.No SUPPLIERWISE Kg Nos 1 GHNTAGADI - - 2 PANVEL NAGAR PARISHAD 00 00 3 A.P.M.C. 67345 11 4 CIDCO 00 00 5 MERCHANTS 00 00 6 M.I.D.C. (R.C. /D.P.) 52845 07 7 NMMC RESIDENTIAL CONTRACTOR 524560 138 Net Wt, Vehicles WARD Kg Nos A-WARD BELAPUR 98145 22 B-WARD NERUL 77480 21 C-WARD VASHI 83635 18 D-WARD TURBHE 83425 25 E-WARD K.KHAIRNE 83760 32 F-WARD GHANSOLI 38075 09 G-WARD AIROLI 42565 06 H-WARD DIGHA 14475 04 TOTAL WARDS 521560 138 LESS-DEBRIS 00 00
8 OTHERS 6715 09 TOTAL 625029 164
(Av. March 2013)
25 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 7.2.2: Composition of Solid Waste: Physical Characteristics
Physical Ghans Kopar Belapur Nerul Vashi Turbhe Airoli Digha Characteristics oli khairne Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward (% basis) Ward Ward 13.39 11.69 12.99 12.34 10.24 11.16 12.39 10.54 Paper 15.05 12.21 18.29 15.48 14.04 15.25 13.75 13.39 Plastic Waste 10.25 15.12 9.75 11.20 12.10 11.48 9.47 11.04 Coconut Shells Vegetables & 36.66 39.79 38.54 37.75 41.26 39.21 42.40 41.90 Non-vegetables 10.31 9.13 8.87 9.30 10.05 10.06 9.80 10.57 Cloth 1.64 0.85 0.43 1.29 0.78 1.59 0.61 0.68 Rubber Waste 7.89 8.13 6.47 18.38 6.83 7.36 14.35 6.72 Glass 2.06 0.32 1.01 2.13 1.65 2.14 1.56 1.04 Metals 3.06 2.07 3.23 2.90 2.36 2.70 6.60 3.97 Debris Grass & Dry 6.07 9.61 5.18 4.15 7.40 2.41 6.01 4.78 Leaves
26 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 7.2.3: Turbhe Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Station
Leachate Analysis Reports:Turbhe
PARAMETERS Sampling Date PH D.O B.O.D C.O.D Chloride Sulphate Hardness (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)
22/05/2012 7.9 Nil 98 723 946.16 376.79 Nil 4/6/2012 6.7 Nil 74 1285 139.14 664.02 Nil 31/7/2012 7.5 3.1 149 853 411.92 74.85 Nil 22/8/2012 8.1 3.5 127 439 1353.48 64.59 351 17/9/2012 7.5 6.4 56 502 1588.87 182.80 832 16/11/2012 7.8 6.0 63 238 709.28 15.35 578 29/11/2012 7.7 1.2 54 295 848.81 17.74 731 5/12/2012 7.7 3.1 72 425 941.8 18.83 859 22/1/2013 7.5 6.0 52 242 709.28 20.45 465 21/2/2013 7.5 6.7 46 220 1880.20 24.52 1356 16/3/2013 7.7 2.3 94 280 2782.83 31.69 731 Average 7.6 4.3 141 500.2 1119.3 135.6 737.9
Note: All Values are in mg/l except pH
7.3 Actions Taken / Proposed by NMMC for Environmental Projects
Department Environmental related projects Remarks Overall Improvement of Sanitary landfill including CE Completed Construction of IV stage landfill The Scientific closure of Phase-I & II of Turbhe CE Proposed dumping ground. CE Future e-waste and Debris recycling plant facility. Under Planning
27 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
8. Health Services
8.1 Present Status
Health services in Navi Mumbai include hospitals and clinics of every possible kind – allopathic, homeopathic, ayurvedic etc. There are plenty of private hospitals and Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporations hospitals in the city. The hospitals are well equipped with the latest technologies and specialist doctors (Table 8.1.1). Every possible aid in emergency cases is available in the NMMC Hospitals. NMMC has recently introduced services of Super Specialty Hospital at NMMC hospital with the help of private operator. Also available are the day and night chemists in the city. Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation’s Health Department holds the responsibility of checking the spread of epidemics in its regions. Health education is provided in the remotest localities of Navi Mumbai by the NMMC. NMMC carry out following measures for well being of citizen. • 4 Tire hospital services including Homeopathic/Ayurvedic / Dental care & treatment • 24 hours ambulance • Post mortem facility • TB eradiation programme • Management & control of communicable diseases • AIDS detection and guidance centre • Registration of private practioners, sonography centre and hospitals & detection of Bogus practioners • Sterilisation of stray dogs • Malaria/Dengue detection, prevention and control programme For animal health care in Navi Mumbai quite a number of veterinary doctors are available. The NMMC takes care of the health of stray dogs by vaccinating them against various diseases. NMMC Health Department is vigilant to check and initiate effective measures for controlling and eradication of malaria and water borne diseases (Table 8.1.2 and 8.1.3). There is a special wing under the expert medical team established by NMMC for surveillance of these diseases.
28 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 8.1.1: Health Facilities in NMMC Area
02- 03- 04- 05- 06- 07- 08- 09- 10-11 11-12 12-13 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 No of Private 75 75 115 125 125 151 159 167 176 180 184 Hospitals Registered 56 69 102 122 122 146 157 163 169 173 180 with NMMC Under Under Under process process process Unregistered 22 06 13 03 03 05 02 07 of of of registra registrat registra tion ion tion Specialist ------Doctors General ------
Dispensaries - 656 675 116 116 163 158 (Allopath) 231 - - -
Ayurvedic - - - 235 280 336 351 Homeopathy - - - 153 193 190 144 BDS ------30 40 83 54 SU Facility (Hospitals) ------75 -
Pediatricians ------72 75 75 75 75 75 Gynecologists -- - - - 06 75 83 83 83 83 83 NMMC 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 5 5 5 Hospitals NMMC 13 13 14 14 16 20 20 20 20 20 20 Dispensaries NMMC Mobile 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Dispensaries Govt. 2 - - - 1 ------Hospitals Private Hospitals – 53 69 102 122 123 146 162 163 - 173 180 Registered Private Hospitals – 22 6 13 3 2 5 2 7 - 7 4 Unregistered Private 231 680 744 744 744 656 614 544 - 772 797 Dispensaries Private Nursing 11 27 38 40 42 59 66 66 - 64 76 homes
(Source: Health Department, NMMC.)
29 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 8.1.2: Persons Affected By Water Borne Diseases
Area Patients per 2002-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 node Belapur 16 31 4 13 19 3 6 14 21 10 08 Karave - - 12 16 27 3 8 21 27 7 06 Nerul 37 54 10 28 9 32 89 23 20 4 08 Nerul-ii 21 32 15 05 Shirvane - - 4 38 25 3 25 23 29 17 05 Sanpada - - 11 40 5 3 3 08 24 15 07 Indira Nagar 48 37 35 26 Turbhe 82 31 29 75 99 1 38 81 40 63 06 Vashi 22 19 16 22 Juhugaon 37 36 17 46 31 3 19 20 12 28 33 Koparkhairane 67 29 17 68 28 2 28 81 38 23 28 Mahpe 56 16 63 37 Pawane 08 15 7 28 Ghansoli 42 30 7 62 31 2 11 18 32 38 21 Rabale 18 12 5 36 12 0 3 3 04 6 08 Katkaripada - - 1 4 19 4 12 21 20 2 02 Airoli 25 26 16 29 35 10 50 29 22 86 40 Chinchpada 50 11 8 03 Digha 15 273 4 75 39 21 45 11 14 13 09 Nagaon 3 0 0 8 19 - - 0 - - Ilthanpada 0 16 16 05 Total 342 522 137 532 395 166 337 558 449 472 307 (Source: Health Department, NMMC.)
Table 8.1.3: Persons Affected in NMMC area: Malaria
Area Patients per 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 UHP CBD Belapur 166 196 187 160 118 201 164 88 53 14 Karave 176 229 188 126 114 77 84 43 36 14 Nerul-I 243 227 226 246 199 208 89 49 30 13 Nerul-II 149 121 87 17 Shirvane 158 139 97 125 118 97 69 58 40 12 Sanpada 190 130 136 188 164 171 65 93 61 13 Turbhe 144 133 79 166 154 181 111 61 47 16 Pawane 138 69 55 07 Indiranagar 94 69 56 22 Juhugaon 93 111 148 121 88 84 69 20 07 00 Vashigaon 56 26 19 02 Khairane 258 226 281 241 240 211 159 94 76 17 Mahpe 140 79 39 06 Ghansoli 157 136 97 71 67 34 50 32 39 10 Rabale 147 85 59 17 24 32 30 31 18 05 Katkaripada 0 5 89 115 100 82 37 12 09 Airoli 76 55 109 92 123 149 49 44 28 04 Chinchapada 45 23 04 Digha 65 50 52 22 22 54 69 37 27 14 Ilthanpada 69 42 22 08 Total 1878 1727 1668 1556 1566 1599 1818 1138 775 207 (Source: Health Department, NMMC.)
30 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
LOCATIONS OF UHPs
31 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
II. New and Re-treatment Cases of Tuberculosis Pulmonary Tuberculosis Extra- Year Smear Positive Smear Total Pulmonary New Relapse Negative 2002 425 67 492 170 1154
2003 474 80 376 217 1147
2004 497 124 396 284 1301
2005 534 93 341 322 1290
2006 523 130 322 348 1323
2007 599 144 280 382 1405
2008 581 153 248 460 1442
2009 603 108 244 419 1374
2010 631 109 265 462 1467
2011 692 110 359 505 1606
2012 650 306 208 557 1721 III. Water Borne Diseases
No of No of No of No of No of No of No of No of No of No of Sr. Diseases Cases Cases Cases Cases Cases Cases Cases Cases Cases Cases No. 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 1 Gastro 331 44 150 158 52 210 347 369 259 173 2 Dysentery 273 0 04 94 87 55 82 32 17 03 3 Hepatitis-B 27 7 13 5 2 3 16 33 17 09 4 Typhoid 75 80 173 141 25 67 113 15 179 122
8.2 Status of Environmental Quality Hospital Waste Management The composition of hospital wastes in NMMC area (Table 8.2.1) reveals that a substantial portion contains solid wastes. This needs to be segregated. This will reduce requirement of specialized system for handling of biomedical wastes. Also percentage of discarded medicines is high portion in the waste. Hospitals should be directed to take measures for reducing this waste. For treatment and disposal of hospital wastes generated in NMMC area, NMMC signed agreement with M/s. Mumbai Waste Management. The problem of Bio medical waste is being solved with the help of private entrepreneur. Waste generated in the hospitals in NMMC area is treated and disposed in the modern facilities installed by the operator. The MWM treatment plant is situated at Taloja.
32 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 8.2.1 Biomedical Waste in NMMC Area (KG) 2012-13
Dispo Mata Bal Vashi Mata Bal Mata Bal Mata Bal Categories (%evalua sal Hospital Hospital Hospital, Hospital Hospital, Total tion) metho Kopar Vashi Nerul Turbhe Airoli d khairne Needle, Lancet, Scalpel Veinflor Discarded Glass wares- Autocl Tube, Pipettes, Syringes, aving Slides, Cover slips & 2315.46 0 273.12 259.41 71.28 2919.27 Disposable Waste-IV sets, shredd Disposable syringes, ing Injection Vials, Amp. Glass, Bio Catheters, Plastic Bottles
Microbial Waste Highly Infectious Waste Isolate Inciner Discarded Medicines ation 1832.3 0 169.49 163.26 46.43 2211.48 Solid Waste Liquid Waste
Total 4147.76 - 442.61 422.67 117.71 5130.75
8. 3 Actions Taken / Proposed by NMMC for Environmental Projects
Department Environmental related projects Remarks Health Construction of 100 beds hospital each at Nerul Under Construction and Airoli Health Pulse polio, Malaria reduction programme. Under Implementation Health Reproductively & Child health Project-sponsored Under Implementation by GOI Health Construction of two new 50 beds hospitals at Proposed Ghansoli Health Free Medical check-up & health card for slum Under Implementation dwellers
33 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
9. Roads and Transport
9.1 Present Status National Highway 4 (NH-4) passes through the NMMC area. Navi Mumbai is connected by road and rail to Thane, Kalyan, Mumbai, JNPT, Uran and Panvel. The work of Thane-Belapur railway and the construction of railway stations are complete, and rail link started functioning from June 2005. Navi Mumbai is close to Sahar International and Chhatrapati Shivaji domestic airport. A new international & domestic airport is planned in Navi Mumbai. There is a network of roads about 455.53 km in length in NMMC area. (Table 9.1.1). There are footpaths, central dividers and pathways along major roads. NMMC has taken over the roads in Thane Belapur industrial area of MIDC area on 25 th November 2004 The length of roads in industrial of MIDC is 136 Km. NMMC shall improve and maintain the roads, footpaths, drains and streetlights in this area. NMMC has partly improved the roads in this area and balance work is under progress. Navi Mumbai has six rail corridors, 157 km railway system and an independent mainline rail terminal connecting the city directly to other parts of the country. Vashi, Sanpada, Juinagar, Nerul, Belapur, Turbhe, Koparkhairane, Ghansoli and Airoli in Navi Mumbai are on Harbour line of the central railway. The proposed trans-harbour link between Mumbai (Wadala) and Navi Mumbai (Ulwe) is further expected to enhance the status of this city by forming yet another link with Mumbai. MoEF has given clearance to the project. This link shall connect proposed international airport to Mumbal directly. Public transport system in Navi Mumbai comprises train, bus, autorikshaws and taxi. NMMC has its own bus service. In addition the buses of BEST and Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation, KDMC and interstate private buses ply through Navi Mumbai. NMMC
Transport undertaking has 336 buses catering to 7146192 per month (Table 9.1.2). There are over 2.36 lakh vehicles registered in NMMC area; (Table 9.1.3). This has resulted in traffic problems in certain areas. NMMC has undertaken programme for improvement of internal roads to reduce the problem by Constriction of ROBs, underpasses, service roads & walkways, providing additional lane for left turn, creating turning lane, additional parking space, multi-storey parking and signalised traffic to decongest the traffic movement and speed breakers as per direction of court and conforming to BSI standards. However, the major concern in traffic is increasing number of road accidents and deaths due to accidents. (Table 9.1.4) NMMC conducted study of Palm Beach
34 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013 road accidents through IIT and provided measures (lane markers, crash guards, reflectors, sine boards, additional service road etc) to reduce the accidents.
Foot paths in NMMC Area CIDCO while planning Navi Mumbai had provided foot paths within the city area. Foot paths are important since they are used by pedestrians which form the large cross- section of the society. Besides well maintained foot paths relieve traffic congestion problem on the road thereby minimizing vehicular emission which is mainly responsible for deterioration of air quality. After handing over the area to NMMC, maintenance, repairs as well as providing additional foot paths is being done by NMMC. NMMC has provided slopes to the footpath for access to physically disabled persons.
9.2 Status of Environmental Quality Air Quality Air is clean or unpolluted in areas where no development has taken place. A chemical species foreign to the clean atmosphere is called a contaminant. A contaminant that can cause adverse effect to the receptor (human being, animals, vegetation etc) and which occurs in atmosphere in concentrations sufficiently high to cause the adverse effect is called a pollutant. Air quality is negatively affected by emissions from mobile and point sources; these are directly linked to energy consumption, environmental policy, city density, and transport by motor vehicles and concentration of industries. The main environmental problems associated with air emissions are harm to human health (eye irritation, pulmonary problems, etc) problems, the acidification and eutrophication of water and soils, and damage to natural ecosystems, cultural heritage and crops. Often these are trans-boundary effects, as pollutants in the air can travel a considerable distance away from their sources. In addition, emissions from sources in urban areas can have a significant local impact on human health. In India, standards have been stipulated by the Ministry of Environment and Forests. under Environment Protection Act 1986 for both sources of pollution (emission) and ambient air quality. Industries are required to meet their obligations of controlling pollution under Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. Motor Vehicles Rules 1989 require vehicles to comply with emission norms and obtain pollution under control certificate. Results of air quality monitoring carried out during 2012- 2013 (Table 9.2.1) reveal that air pollutant levels in residential areas in NMMC are within the standards for sulphur
35 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013 dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (Nox) and respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM), Results of air quality monitoring carried out during 2012- 2013 (Table 9.2.4) reveal that air pollutant levels at traffic junctions in NMMC are within the standards for sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (Nox).
Table 9.2.1: Residential Average Ambient Air Quality in NMMC Area
Location SO2 NOx NH3 H2S RSPM
Turbhe MCH, Sector 22 12.23 27.65 22.78 8.71 55.45 Vashi Pump House, Sector 6 13.87 34.91 21.13 9.53 59.84 Koparkhairne MCH, Sector 22 14.68 34.30 32.98 6.05 59.48 Ghansoli Ward Office 14.00 36.33 17.00 9.73 61.55 Belapur Parsik Hill, Sector 11 Sanpada Taki, Sector 4 12.08 33.32 17.35 9.99 53.06
Agroli SCADA Control Panel, 19.88 10.70 5.68 48.93 Sector 11 7.45 Nerul ESR, Sector 22, Phase 14.08 36.05 28.85 8.05 52.14 Juinagar Taki, Sector 11 13.82 35.91 18.14 10.29 61.88 Vashi Hospital, Sector 11 8.35 29.53 14.25 7.73 55.83 Standards 80 80 400 - 60 Note: All values in µg/m3
In order to assess the combined effect of various air pollutants air quality indices are used. One type of indices has been used to assess air quality in NMMC area. Air quality index AQI based on is based on respirable particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide reveals that air quality is fair. The AQI is computed as follows: AQI (Based on TSPM) = 39.2 x {(RSPM/100) + (SO2/80) + (Nox/80)}^ 0.967 As per USEPA, the classes are as follows;
Table 9.2.2: Ambient Air Quality in NMMC Area: Summary
Range(AQI) Class Range(AQI) Class Range(AQI) Class O to 20 Excellent 41 to 60 Fair 81 to 100 Bad 21 to 40 Good 61 to 80 Poor More than 100 Dangerous
36 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
AQI for various nodes are presented in Table 9.2.3. It can be seen that air quality in NMMC area is almost in fair condition with few exceptions. This may be due to mass work of laying of water supply and sewer lines and concrete roads constructions
Table 9.2.3: Variation in AQI in NMMC Area
Location AQI AQI Turbhe MCH, Sector 22 38.21 Good Vashi Pump House, Sector 6 35.33 Good Koparkhairne MCH, Sector 22 53.66 Fair Ghansoli Ward Office 30.21 Good
Belapur Parsik Hill, Sector 11 29.28 Good Sanpada Taki, Sector 4 45.42 Fair Agroli SCADA Control Panel, Sector 11 48.38 Fair Nerul ESR, Sector 22, Phase 49.39 Fair Juinagar Taki, Sector 11 42.70 Fair Vashi Hospital, Sector 11 44.44 Fair Standards 100
Table 9.2.4: Average Air Quality at Traffic Intersections in NMMC Area
Location SO2 NOx NH3 H2S RSPM Turbhe ESR, Sector 20 19.45 56.64 14.53 12.50 110.54 Koperkhairne Tin Taki, Sector 18 22.93 47.50 29.08 9.45 106.58 Belapur Fire Brigade 20.33 65.93 16.16 14.73 91.38 Turbhe Landfill Site 53.70 48.20 51.80 21.40 107.90 Vashi Ward Office 11.33 43.88 30.10 9.15 107.40 Digha Ward Office 17.15 49.85 28.45 12.00 108.60 Mahape Bridge 25.83 65.55 21.90 13.28 108.70 Rabale Pump House 23.48 79.00 13.13 14.98 115.48 Standards 80 80 400 - 60 Note : All Values in µg/m3
NMMC has commissioned its own mobile monitoring van in 2006-07. Air quality in industrial premises is monitored by MPCB. NMMC shall also monitor air quality in industrial area.
37 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Noise Levels
Noise is defined as unwanted sound. The noise levels to which urban population is exposed have been increasing at an alarming rate over the past several decades. This has led to increase in number of complaints received by the public agencies. In India, the Honourable Supreme Court had to give directions to the government in response to public interest litigation. Noise affects people in number of ways. It interferes with sleep, speech communications, and tasks requiring concentration and co-ordination. It may also cause hearing damages and other physiological problems. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, under Environmental Protection Act, 1986, has stipulated day time and night time limits on ambient noise levels in residential, industrial and sensitive areas. (Annexure-VI). Major sources of noise in urban areas are road traffic and industry. Noise levels in all other parts of NMMC exceed standards. Noise was monitored at various residential locations in NMMC area continuously for 8 hrs during 2012-13 (Table 9.2.5). Noise levels were also monitored near traffic junctions continuously for 8 hrs (Table 9.2.6). It was found that noise standards are violated both in residential areas and also at traffic junctions.
Table 9.2.5: Noise Levels in NMMC Area: 8 hrs Monitoring Average Sound Quality in Residential Zone
Maximu Location Average Minimum m Vashi Hospital, Sector 10 53.0 46.8 59.2 Vashi Pump House, Sector 6 54.1 48.3 59.8 Koparkhairne MCH, Sector 22 53.4 48.0 58.8 Ghansoli Ward Office 57.4 51.3 63.5 Nerul ESR, Sec 22, Phase II 52.4 46.0 58.8 Agroli SCADA Control Panel, 52.3 47.0 57.5 Sector 11
Note: All values are in dBA Noise standard for residential area: Daytime 55 dBA and Night time 45 dBA
38 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 9.2.6: Noise Levels in NMMC Area: 8 hrs Monitoring Average Sound Quality in Traffic Zone Location Average Minimum Maximum
Vashi Ward Office, Juhugaon 64.0 51.0 67.0 Digha Ward Office 67.8 58.5 69.0 Mahape Bridge 71.3 60.0 74.5 Rabale Pump House 66.4 59.5 74.8 Koparkhairne Tin Taki, Sector 18 68.6 53.5 71.3 Belapur Fire Brigade 67.8 58.5 68.7 Note: All values are in dBA Noise Standards for Industrial Area: Day Time 75 dBA and Night Time 70 dBA
Average Sound Quality in Commercial Zone Location Average MinimumMaximum Sanpada Taki, Sector 4 54.6 49.2 59.9 Juinagar Taki, Sector 11 57.2 50.9 63.5 Turbhe MCH, Sector 22 51.5 48.3 54.8 Note: All values are in dBA Noise levels monitored in residential areas and at the traffic junctions revealed that the Noise levels are on rise. This may be due to ongoing work of laying of sewer lines and water supply lines and construction of concrete roads. 9.3 Actions Taken / Proposed by NMMC for Environmental Projects Department Environmental related projects Remarks Concretisation of road from Pfizer to Ram nagar CE Proposed and re-construction of roads in MIDC area Construction of Foot Bridge at Sector-15 Vashi CE Proposed and Turbe naka Construction and Beautification of Underpass at CE sector 1/3 Nerul, near Mukund company Digha, Proposed Airoli, Rabada, and Ishwarnagar Digha Construction of Road-over-bridge at Sanpada CE Proposed Railway station,Talawali naka and Rabada Construction of Parking facility at sector 15 CE Proposed Belapur CE Improvement of roads in Gaothans and city roads Proposed in NMMC area Beautification & greening of road dividers and CE squares of Belapur, Nerul, Sanpada, Vashi, Proposed Koparkhairane, Airoli and Digha CE Construction of sky walk at sector 3/9 Nerul, 1/3 Proposed Nerul and sector 9 to 15 Vashi Construction of Continuous Air Quality Monitoring CE Proposed Station at Belapur and Nerul
39 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
10. Trees and Gardens
10.1 Present Status
Gardens are termed as lungs of the city. There are 176 gardens covering an area of 712982 Lakh sq m areas in NMMC (Table 10.1.1). In the year 2012-2013, NMMC has completed work of Wonder Park and redevelop 21 existing parks and proposed garden at Morbe is being developed as theme based gardens/parks. NMMC also proposed redevelopment of 30 existing parks. There are 67500 planted trees in NMMC area as on 2012-13 and same has been given on contact for maintenance for three years. NMMC also provides tree samplings to the citizen for tree plantation. NMMC arranges various informative programmes to emphasis the importance of tree plantation for public awareness.
NMMC is involving private sector as well as NGOs for garden development, maintenance, tree plantation, traffic island beautification etc. As per the requirements of Government of Maharashatra, Tree Authority has been established for NMMC area on May 16, 2001. Experts in the area of tree plantation have been nominated on the Tree Authority to continuously monitor the activities. Meetings of the Authority are convened after an interval of 45 days. Special care is taken by the Authority to stop illegal tree felling. It has been made obligatory to plant two trees for each tree cut in unavoidable circumstances. NMMC has carried out beautification of Traffic islands and development of few gardens on BOT basis through private participation. The same policy is to be continued on major scale this year.
10.2 Environmental Status
NMMC provides everything best in gardens but are not maintained. They are replaced every year. Also gardens are not secured in night hence it is becoming free place for undesirable activities. There is need for comprehensive O & M contract in this regard.
40 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 10.1.2 (a): Details of Tree Plantation in NMMC Area Zone No of Trees Planted Present No. of trees 03-04 04-05 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 2013 March CBD Belapur 3500 7880 850 13500 10235 5950 4500 3000 - 29455
Nerul 1502 2936 700 7835 3940 9250 4743 - - 27816
Juinagar - - - - 1582 1050 - - - 1275
Sanpada - - 1700 2010 3248 650 - - - 5490
Vashi 2100 6407 3400 9100 5100 7250 - 1500 - 29957
Koparkhairane/ 2100 2861 3500 4250 1704 4300 10800 1500 67500 31011 Ghansoli
Airoli 3200 2690 1750 9250 3428 9500 2962 1000 - 24002
Total 12402 20.684 19900 45945 29237 37900 23005 7000 67500 149006 * 65000 Tree plantation on Adwali Bhutawli Forest Area.
(b): Tree Plantation along Roadside & Nallaside 2011-12
Zone Area No. of trees Plant species
CBD Belapur Sec-15, Belapur 700 Satvin, Peltoforum, Neam (Source: NMMC- DMC- Gardens) 10.3 Actions Taken / Proposed by NMMC for Environmental Projects
Department Environmental related projects Remarks CE Construction of Mango park, Butterfly Proposed garden, Rose garden, Aurvedic medicinal herbal garden, Theme Parks CE Redevelopment of 30 NMMC garden to Proposed make these more attractive CE Development of Morbe Theme park Proposed CE Development of Gavli Dev water fall as Proposed tourism spot, new garden at Savli CE Provision of security at gardens and Proposed plantation of 1 lakh trees
10.4 PRIORITY ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS
• Numbering trees and Tree Audit of trees every year.
• Comprehensive O & M contract for garden maintenance.
• Tree plantation along open nalla and storm water ponds
41 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
11. Lakes
11.1 Present Status There are 24 lakes in Navi Mumbai. These lakes cover an area of 2, 23,661 sq m. A scheme for beautification of these lakes has been completed by NMMC. (Table 11.1.1).
11.2 Status of Environmental Quality Lake Water Quality Quality of water in these lakes was checked with respect to drinking water standards (Table 11.2.1 a & b). It was found that quality of water in these lakes is improved due ‘lake Vision’ project completed by NMMC.
Table 11.2.1: Water Quality of Major Lakes
Nerul Kille Turbhe Airoli Parameters Belapur Darave Karave Agroli Shirvane Sector Sanpada Khokad gaonthan gaon Naka 20 pH 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.3 7.4 7.1 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.5 SS 54 60 77 87 43 138 122 92 88 159 98 TDS 348 441 493 339 644 684 562 656 527 609 472 DO 6.5 5.4 6.6 2.8 5.4 3.7 5.8 5.4 6.9 5.0 5.7 BOD 9 4 6 13 5 8 13 8 9 6 10 COD 53 42 47 72 24 69 73 48 58 51 67 Nitrate 1.148 0.731 0.732 1.485 1.143 0.662 0.752 0.474 0.498 1.063 0.886 Nitrite 0.030 0.076 0.022 0.121 0.042 0.059 0.198 0.115 0.020 0.055 0.095 Phosphate 0.088 0.047 0.046 0.158 0.067 0.067 0.076 0.058 0.069 0.101 0.065 Chloride 54.66 47.48 67.62 46.95 36.77 86.90 50.46 49.03 35.916 62.39 48.25 Hardness 259 189 202 152 315 496 308 410 206 318 238 Sulphate 53.41 84.65 65.46 35.793 93.18 130.87 75.76 111.07 94.20 75.45 53.74 Note: All Values are in mg/l except Ph
Table 11.2.1: Water Quality of Major Lakes
Vashi Juhu Kopar Savaligaon Parameters Diva Rabada Gumali Talvali Gothivali Khairne gaon gaon khairne (Kopari) pH 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.2 7.4 7.3 7.5 SS 152 101 73 142 85 108 84 83 72 128 TDS 835 590 558 606 348 996 379 567 400 397 DO 6.6 4.7 4.9 5.5 4.8 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.6 BOD 8 7 7 5 8 8 10 9 8 10 COD 47 38 37 29 44 39 47 57 55 48 Nitrate 1.905 1.315 1.084 1.354 0.764 1.874 0.733 1.233 0.796 1.642 Nitrite 0.058 0.052 0.012 0.027 0.078 0.218 0.677 0.025 0.031 0.014 Phosphate 0.077 0.061 0.093 0.066 0.078 0.046 0.106 0.070 0.083 0.172 Chloride 69.90 64.96 68.93 67.37 53.28 98.47 48.40 32.50 63.57 78.16 Hardness 282 349 348 239 164 720 168 270 202 226 Sulphate 68.01 76.38 99.96 64.56 46.72 166.30 38.11 79.83 35.19 52.62
Note: All Values are in mg/l except pH
42 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
11.3 Actions Taken / Proposed by NMMC for Environmental Projects
Department Environmental related projects Remarks CE The Lake vision-stage II programme of Bio- Proposed remediation is proposed as overall improvement of Lakes. CE Lakes to be used for Fish cultivation and boating Proposed on BOO basis
43 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
12. Environmental related facilities
12.1 Laboratory Quality monitoring of potable water, treated & untreated sewage, lakes water, Nallahs, costal water and holding ponds is essential tasks to be done regularly in order to safeguard the health of citizen of Navi Mumbai. Quality of potable water is regularly checked to safeguard citizen from water borne disease and whenever complaints are received about bad quality of water It is obligatory to check quality of treated sewage every day before discharge into surrounding water to safeguard water sources being polluted. It is necessary to watch quality of coastal water due to ingress of water into NMMC area as there are several other neighbouring corporations discharging treated and untreated sewage in Thane creek. It is also necessary to watch the quality of water in holding ponds for the same reasons. Nallahs in NMMC area many times carries polluted water from industries in MIDC area and whenever complaints are received. It becomes necessary to investigate the quality of water by sampling and analysis to find the root reason for the pollution. NMMC established Environmental laboratory in March 2005 to carry out Environmental monitoring. It is equipped with necessary equipments, chemicals and chemists to carry out the analysis of water, sewage, Nallah water & municipal solid waste samples. Environmental laboratory is also equipped with mobile air sampling and analysis station to carry out air monitoring at traffic junctions. NMMC has future plans for expansion of this laboratory so that it shall act as regional analytical centre. NMMC shall also obtain authorisation from MOEF. Environmental laboratory is presently carrying out analysis of potable water samples, quality check of treated sewage, Nallahs, holding ponds etc. It is also carrying out air monitoring at several locations. Environmental laboratory received ISO 9001-2008 Quality Certificate in 2012-13. Actions Taken / Proposed by NMMC for Environmental Projects
Department Environmental related projects Remarks CE Mobile Environmental testing Laboratory. Proposed CE Portable AQM Station for Koparkhairane Completed CE Construction of Noise Barriers Proposed
44 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
12.2 Street lights
Street lighting is one of the essential public service that is being provided by NMMC within NMMC jurisdiction. Electricity is outsourced from Maharashtra State Electricity Board electric supply is satisfactory. NMMC is maintaining the street lighting through experienced O & M contractors. NMMC provided street lighting through 38,978 fittings and 28,224 poles and 276 highmast in NMMC area. NMMC has replaced 3336 fittings in 2012-13. NMMC installed 47 High masts in major squares in 2012-13. Lux intensity of streetlight is maintained as per type of road and traffic density according to IS and monitored regularly. NMMC has initiated energy saving scheme on BOT basis for street lighting. It has saved 90 lakhs kwh units of electricity and Rs 408.00 lakhs of NMMC.
Work in progress :- 1. Shifting work of Low tension overhead lines to underground of M.S.E.D.C.L. is under implementation.
2. Installation of GPRS based system for street lights is 100% completed. Benefits of this system is the control and failure of street light is informed to concern Deputy & Junior Engineer, Wireman by SMS.
3. Solar base street lights are installed at Honourable Mayor & Honourable Commissioner residence due to which savings in electricity of 20000 units, i.e. Rs. 0.9 Lac is presumed
Proposed Work :-
1. Construction of solar park at Morbe.
2. Installation of solar energy based system at N.M.M.C. head office, F.R.U. Hospital Vashi, Vishnudas Bhave auditorium.
12.3 Education
Navi Mumbai, strategically located on the proposed Mumbai-Pune `Knowledge Corridor’, has been receiving a lot of thrust with respect to Information Technology. The Government of Maharashtra has plans drawn up to develop Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Pune as high tech habitats for IT Industry.
A strong educational base is the most important pillar on which a individual can build a career. A liberal spread of quality educational institutes ensures the availability of learning and gaining knowledge to one and all. Navi Mumbai has been built up with a strong Social
45 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Infrastructure. It has 10 Engineering Colleges and 4 Medical Colleges, 108 reputed schools offering high standard education. The schools and colleges in Navi Mumbai are equipped with qualified and experienced faculty. Infrastructures for social activities have proved conducive to attract children from even lower income categories.
Navi Mumbai has excellent educational facilities. All kinds of educational institutes are there in Navi Mumbai: kindergardens, schools – both primary and secondary, junior colleges, ITI and Diploma Colleges, Arts, Commerce and Science Colleges, Engineering and Medical Colleges, Management institutes etc. There are 247 primary schools, 108 secondary schools and 37 colleges in NMMC area (Table 12.3.1).
12.4 Crematoriums NMMC has provided crematoriums in each node. 20 numbers of the crematoriums are declared as the ‘Central Crematoriums’. At Nerul and Vashi there are provisions of all the facilities in crematorium for all the religions. (Table 12.4.1) NMMC proposed improvement of Belapur, Nerul, Sanpada, Darave, Diwale, Juipada, and Pawne Goan Crematoriums in 2012-13.
12.5 Fire-fighting NMMC has its own fire fighting cell. There are fire fighting stations at CBD Belapur, ,Nerul, Vashi, and Airoli (Table 12.5.1). NMMC has set up emergency centre at Khairane MIDC area for Thane Belapur industrial area.
12.6 Slum Improvement Navi Mumbai has been developed as a planned city. As a result the population residing in slum areas is much less than the other urban areas of India. However, the land acquired for development of Navi Mumbai earlier had many villages. Also, in order to meet requirement of labour in construction, industry, domestic servants, trade and commerce, an employment seeking population has migrated to Navi Mumbai. Due to low income levels, such population resides in slum areas. While the percentage of population residing in slum areas is insignificant (less than 2 percent) in developed zones like CBD-Belapur, Nerul, Vashi, Koparkhairane and Airoli, Over 80 % population in Ghansoli and Digha areas resides in slums. (Table 12.6.1) NMMC has been implementing slum improvement programme. As a part of this programme water supply, public toilets, drainage, roads and street light facilities are provided in slum areas.
46 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Actions Taken / Proposed by NMMC for Environmental Projects Department Environmental related projects Remarks ACE Rehabilitation slum dwellers -SRA project Under Implementation
12.7 Entertainment NMMC has commenced Bharatratna Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Memorial, admeasuring area of 5500 sqm at Airoli. This shall include Art gallery, Library, Amphitheatre, Prayer Hall, Meeting hall and Musium There are multiplexes, cinema halls, Vishnudas Bhave Natyagriha (Theatre), 24 lakes, 176 gardens, 400 hotels/eating places, 5 swimming pools in NMMC area. A regional park is proposed at Advali-Bhutwali. CIDCO is planning to establish five star hotels. NMMC completed pictorial biography presentation of Shree Shivaji Maharaj at Shivaji Chowk, Vashi.
12.8 Public Grievances Redressal and Information Mechanism Public disclosure and participation forms an integral part of community management. While many activities are undertaken by the municipal bodies for public welfare, common man is unaware of the same. On the other hand a general feeling may develop in the public that the system has apathy for common man. To eliminate these problems and to commemorate 10th anniversary of NMMC, under guidance of Municipal Commissioner a publication titled “Stat Sampark” (Constant Touch) has been started by NMMC from January 1, 2002. NMMC is also implementing Rajiv Gandhi Gatimanata Abhiyan for making NMMC administration people oriented. Regional offices of health department of NMMC organize awareness campaigns on health education, family welfare, immunization programmes, and epidemics. Advertisements are given in local newspapers for increasing awareness during epidemics. The area now developed as Navi Mumbai, was earlier marshy land. Even today it has long coastline and vast marshy area. Such places are ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes. This may lead to spread of malaria, especially during monsoon. NMMC has erected 10 hoardings providing information on malaria. NMMC also organized 30 street- plays and distributed over 10,000 handbills. NMMC has established mosquito abatement committee. .NMMC shall be providing facilities like Yoga classes, footpath, and seats for senior citizen NMMC has also established “Help Line” to address and initiate actions to comply the necessary grievances. NMMC has established Citizen Facility Centre. This is one window system. This
47 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013 centre provides various permissions, Nocs, certificate water/sewerage connection, information on taxes/cess/water bills, NMMC schemes (total 41 permissions) etc within stipulated time. NMMC also publishes in local newspaper the mobile telephone numbers of area water supply officers for complaints and quick redressal regarding water supply services NMMC has started webpage in 2003 (www.nmmconline.com). The webpage provides information on profile of NMMC, different services offered by NMMC, and different resources available in NMMC. It is possible register complaints on web page and obtains information on cess, water bills, property tax of citizen and makes the payment through e- payment. NMMC has provided following social amenities for the benefit of citizen • Welfare Centres -46 • Gymnasium – 24 • Study room/Library –08 • Stage/grounds – 24 • 5000 seat stadium commenced at Belapur during 2009-10.
48 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
13. Summary of Environmental Status in NMMC Area
13.1 Approach The information on environmental parameters is often too complex and non- comprehendible to non-environmental professionals. The problem is further complicated as environment covers broad spectrum of areas from air quality to biomedical waste management. The goal of assessing status of environment is planning for sustainable development by ensuring that quality of life of the people is maintained and, if possible, improved while maintaining quality of environment. The findings of present environmental assessment are discussed in details in the earlier sections and same have been used in this section for computations of indicators. The basis has been maintained same to assess the change in environmental status in NMMC area for the current year. 13.2 Methodology Three indicators have been used in the present assessment: • Environmental Quality Index (EQI); • Urban Infrastructure Index (UII); and • Quality of Life Index (QOLI).
For computation of EQI, ambient air quality (in residential areas & traffic junctions), noise levels in residential areas & traffic junctions), quality of drinking water, quality of surface water, quality of ground water, adequacy of sewage treatment, adequacy of solid waste treatment, and adequacy of biomedical waste treatment are used as parameters. While air quality, noise levels and drinking water quality affects human health both in short term as also in long-term, impact of changes in other parameters are comparatively less important in short-term. Hence, while computing EQI following procedure has been used: I. Out of total score of 100, scores have been assigned to individual parameter based on importance. This is termed as Parameter Importance Unit (PIU). II. For assessing status of individual parameter, a scale has been developed by assigning zero score to totally un-acceptable parameter measurement and 1 score to desired parameter measurement. This is termed as Parameter Environmental Quality (PEQ). For various measurements of parameter in NMMC, PEQ has been estimated based on data collected for ESR, and values have been averaged to estimate overall PEQ for NMMC area. III. Environmental Quality Index (EQI) for an individual parameter has been worked out by multiplying PEQ and PIU.
49 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
IV. Values of EQI for all parameters have been added to compute EQI. V. Using this method, if values of all parameters are as desired ones the value of EQI will be 100.
For assessing UII, population density, water supply system, sewerage system and storm water collection system, solid waste collection system, slum development, health facility, educational facility, public transport, employment opportunity, parks & gardens, roads network, entertainment facilities, and public grievance redressal mechanism have been used as parameters. As assessment of infrastructure facility is more a subjective judgement than quantitative evaluation, a seven-point scale has been used for evaluation of UII for individual parameters as follows: a) Very Poor : 0.0 b) Poor : 0.20 c) Satisfactory : 0.40 d) Good : 0.60 e) Very good : 0.80 f) Excellent : 0.90 g) Outstanding : 1.00 Values of UII for individual parameters have then been converted into percentage for easy comprehension. Quality of Life Index has been computed as average of EQI and UII.
13.3 Estimation of Environmental Quality Index The Importance assigned to various parameters selected for computing EQI and scale used for assessing the present status is presented in Table 13.3.1. PEQ for individual parameters have been computed based on data collected for ESR. Overall EQI is summarised in Table 13.3.2 while details of computation are presented in Table 13.3.3. EQI computed for various nodes of NMMC and it has been found out that present EQI in NMMC area is 70.02%.
13.4 Estimation of Urban Infrastructure Index
In the case of urban infrastructure, mere numbers may be misleading (e.g. average per capita water supply may be satisfactory but due to uneven distribution satisfaction level may be low). Hence, for computing UII subjective assessment has been used. Results of computation are presented in Table 13.4.1. It has been found out that present UII in NMMC area is 78.94 %.
50 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Estimation of QOL
Quality of environment and availability of infrastructure facilities together decide quality of life. As the impact of these considerations is synergistic, equal importance needs to be given to both. Hence, QOL has been computed as average of EQI and UII. Present QOL Index for NMMC area has been worked out as 74.48 %. Table 13.3.1: Assignment of Importance Units and PEQ Scale For Parameters Selected for Computing EQI Sr. Parameter Parameter Parameter No. Importance Measurement for Unit (PIU) PEQ = 0.0 PEQ = 1.0 A. Ambient Air Quality 15 A.1 Air Quality Index-Residential Area (RSPM) 10 200 20 A.2 Air Quality Index-Traffic Junctions (RSPM) 5 300 20 B. Ambient Noise Levels 15 B.1 Noise Level : Residential Area 10 100 40 B.2 Noise Level : Traffic Junctions 5 100 55 C. Ambient (Surface/Ground) Water Quality 15 C.1 Surface (drains) Water Quality, BOD mg/l 3 10 2 C.2 Surface (Lake) Water Quality, BOD mg/l 3 10 2 C.3 Ground (Well) Water Quality, BOD mg/l 3 5 2 C.4 Efficiency of Sewage Treatment Plants 6 30 90 D. Solid Waste Management 15 D.1 Solid Waste Collected, percentage 3 0 100 D.2 Solid Waste Segregation at Household Level, 2 0 100 percentage D.3 Solid Waste Segregation at Disposal Site, 2 0 100 percentage D.4 Solid Waste Recycle at Household Level, 2 0 100 percentage D.5 Solid Waste Recycle at Disposal Site, percentage 2 0 100 D.6 Biomedical Waste Collected, percentage 2 0 100 D.7 Road/Public Places Cleanliness * 2 0 1 E. Protection of Ecosystem 20 E.1 Protection of mangroves* 10 0 1 E.2 Protection of hills and quarry restoration* 10 0 1 F. Public Health 20 F.1 Drinking Water Quality, % samples fit for drinking 5 80 100 F.2 No. of cases of water borne diseases in 5 100 0 node(cholera, Jaundice, Hepatitis) F.3 No of cases of malaria in node 5 100 0 F.4 Cases of TB, percentage population affected 3 0.1 0.01 F.5 Control of Street Dogs* 2 0 1 Total 100 Note: (*) Measured as V.Poor =0, Poor =0.2 Satisfactory = 0.4, Good = 0.6, V. Good = 0.80, Excellent = 0.90, Outstanding=1.0
51 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 13.3.2 : Estimation of Environmental Quality Index Parameter Environmental Quality Index, % Sr. Average Average Variat No. Max Remarks 2011-12 2012-13 -ion A. Ambient Air Quality There is 16.82% increase in Air Quality vehicles in NMMC area. Index- Construction of ROBs & A.1 10 8.05 8.00 -0.05 Residential computerized automatic Area (RSPM) signalling system may be implemented. Co-ordinating with RTO for PUC checks under Motor Vehicle Rules 1989 Measures for increased use of CNG in vehicles engine only Air Quality There is 16.82% increase in Index-Traffic vehicles in NMMC area hence. A.2 5 3.44 3.45 -0.01 Junctions Construction of ROBs & (RSPM) computerized automatic signalling system may be implemented. More & more green areas between roads and by the side of roads may be provided B. Ambient Noise Levels Penalty to be imposed on unnecessary honking by motorists. Noise signage system Noise Level: at traffic junctions to be installed. B.1 Residential 10 7.06 7.07 +0.01 Car Parking on road to be Area prohibited. More & more creation of silent zones and green areas. Penalty to be imposed on unnecessary honking by motorists. To be installed noise Noise Level: signage system at traffic B.2 Traffic 5 3.61 3.59 -0.02 junctions. Car Parking on road to Junctions be prohibited. More & more creation of silent zones and green areas. C. Ambient (Surface/Ground) Water Quality Surface Pollution source identification (drains) exercise may be implemented C.1 Water 3 0.14 0.00 -0.14 on pilot scale. Sewage from Quality, BOD slums to be collected & treated. mg/l Surface Lake water monitoring & bio- (Lake) Water C.2 3 0.89 0.89 0.00 remediation programme may be Quality, BOD implemented. mg/l Ground Task of Regular de-silting and (Well) Water C.3 3 2.00 2.50 +0.50 disinfections of wells is carried Quality, BOD out. mg/l
52 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Parameter Environmental Quality Index, % Sr. Average Average Variat No. Max Remarks 2011-12 2012-13 -ion Efficiency of STP at Sewage C.4 6 6.00 6.00 +0.80 CBD/Sanpada/Koperkhairane Treatment commissioned Plants
D. Solid Waste Management
Solid Waste D.1 Collected, 3 2.70 2.70 0.0 percentage Solid Waste Segregation D.2 at Household 2 1.40 1.40 0.0 Level, percentage Solid Waste Segregation D.3 at Disposal 2 1.60 1.60 0.0 Site, percentage Solid Waste Recycle at D.4 Household 2 1.80 1.80 0.0 Level, percentage Solid Waste Recycle at D.5 Disposal 2 0.50 0.50 0.0 Site, percentage Biomedical Waste D.6 Collected, 2 1.40 1.40 0.00 percentage Road/Public D.7 Places 2 1.80 1.80 0.00 Cleanliness E. Protection of Ecosystem Protection of This function is transferred to E.1 mangroves 10 8.0 8.0 0.0 Forest dept and full protection is given by law. Protection of hills and E.2 10 6.23 6.23 0.0 quarry restoration F. Public Health Drinking Water 4.50 4.45 This may be due to on going F.1 Quality, % 5 -0.05 works of water supply under
samples fit JNNURM for drinking
53 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Parameter Environmental Quality Index, % Sr. Average Average Variat No. Max Remarks 2011-12 2012-13 -ion No. of cases of water This may be due to on going borne works under JNNURM. F.2 diseases in 5 4.60 4.38 -0.22 Continuous monitoring and node(cholera chlorination programme to be , Jaundice, continued. Hepatitis) Strengthening disinfectant spraying programme Improving hydraulic of the No of cases surface drains, specifically with F.3 of malaria in 5 2.33 3.26 +0.97 regards to High tide/Low tide node and preventing the ponding due to accumulation of solid waste, muck and plastic bags etc. Cases of TB, Continuous monitoring percentage F.4 3 0 0 0 programme is required with population special attention. affected Control of Efforts to reduce Street dog’s F.5 2 1 1 0 Street Dogs nuisance to be strengthened. Total 100 69.05 70.02 +0.97
Parameter Measurement Sr. No. Parameter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A. Ambient Air Quality Air Quality Index- A.1 Residential 55.45 59.84 59.48 61.55 55.06 48.93 52.14 55.83 Area (RSPM) PEQ 8.03 7.79 7.81 7.69 8.05 8.39 8.21 8.01 Air Quality Index-Traffic A.2 110.54 106.58 91.38 107.80 107.40 108.60 108.70 115.48 Junctions (RSPM) PEQ 3.38 3.45 3.73 3.43 3.44 3.42 3.42 3.30 B. Ambient Noise Levels Noise Level B.1 : Residential 58.0 61.1 58.4 62.4 57.4 54.3 51.3 Area PEQ 7.00 6.48 6.93 6.27 7.10 7.62 8.12 Noise Level B.2 :Traffic 64.0 67.8 71.3 66.4 68.6 67.8 Junctions PEQ 4.11 3.58 3.19 3.73 3.49 3.58
54 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Parameter Measurement Sr. No. Parameter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
C. Ambient (Surface/Ground) Water Quality Surface (drains) C.1 Water 29 50 28 52 29 65 57 Quality, BOD mg/l PEQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Surface (Lake) C.2 Water 9 6 6 5 9 6 10 12 Quality, BOD mg/l PEQ 0.38 1.50 1.50 1.88 0.38 1.50 0.00 0.00 Ground (Well) Water C.3 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 2 Quality, BOD mg/l PEQ 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 Efficiency of Sewage C.4 95.00 97.30 97.55 99.05 97.72 97.93 Treatment Plants PEQ 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 D. Solid Waste Management Solid Waste D.1 Collected, 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 percentage PEQ 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 Solid Waste Segregation at D.2 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 Household Level, percentage PEQ 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 Solid Waste Segregation D.3 at Disposal 80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 Site, percentage PEQ 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 Solid Waste Recycle at D.4 Household 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 Level, percentage PEQ 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
55 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Parameter Measurement Sr. No. Parameter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Solid Waste Recycle at D.5 Disposal 25.00 Site, percentage PEQ 0.25 Biomedical Waste D.6 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 Collected, percentage PEQ 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 Road/Public Places Cleanliness, V.Poor =0, Poor =0.2 Satisfactory = 0.4, Good D.7 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 = 0.6, V. Good = 0.80, Excellent = 0.90, Outstanding =1.0 PEQ 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 E. Protection of Ecosystem Protection of mangroves, V.Poor =0, Poor =0.2 Satisfactory = 0.4, Good E.1 8.0 8.0 8.0 = 0.6, V. Good = 0.80, Excellent = 0.90, Outstanding =1.0 PEQ 8.0 8.0 8.0
56 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Parameter Measurement Sr. No. Parameter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Protection of hills and quarry restoration, V.Poor =0, Poor =0.2 Satisfactory = E.2 0.4, Good = 0.623 0.623 0.6, V. Good = 0.80, Excellent = 0.90, Outstanding=1. 0 PEQ 6.23 6.23 Public Health F.
Drinking Water F.1 Quality, % 97.78 97.78 97.78 97.78 97.78 97.78 97.78 97.78 samples fit for drinking PEQ 4.45 4.45 4.45 4.45 4.45 4.45 4.45 4.45 No. of cases of water borne F.2 diseases in 8.00 5.00 27.00 21.00 7.00 2.00 11.00 18.00 node(choler a, Jaundice, Hepatitis) PEQ 4.60 4.78 3.65 3.95 4.65 4.90 4.45 4.10 No of cases F.3 of malaria in 14.00 17 22.00 41.00 76.00 44.00 45.00 20.0 node PEQ 4.30 4.15 3.90 2.95 1.20 2.80 2.75 4.00 Cases of TB, F.4 percentage 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 population affected PEQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Control of Street Dogs, V.Poor =0, Poor =0.2 Satisfactory = 0.4, Good = F.5 0.6, V. Good 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 = 0.80, Excellent = 0.90, Outstanding= 1.0 PEQ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
57 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Tablek 13.4.1: Estimation of Urban Infrastructure Index for NMMC Area
Infrastructure Remarks Sr. Score Facility/Ame- Status* No. nity/Service 2011-12 2012-13 450 MLD water supply from Drinking water 1. Excellent 0.94 0.95 Morbe dam to Digha by supply gravity commissioned. 2. Sewerage Excellent 0.93 0.93 No major change, Rainwater holding pond at Storm water 3. Excellent 0.92 0.93 sector 19 completed at Drainage Koparkharane. 4. Public toilets Good 0.70 0.70 No major change Solid Waste Processing of SWM & 5. Collection and Excellent 0.92 0.94 Leachet Treatment facility transportation Excellent work in Malaria & 6. Health Services Good 0.65 0.66 TB control 7. Public Transport Good 0.67 0.67 No major change. Road Network & No major change. 8. Good 0.78 0.78 footpaths Education Excellent work in ETC 9. Excellent 0.92 0.93 Facilities education. Wonder park at Nerul Parks/gardens & 10. V. Good 0.83 0.86 commissioned. 21 Gardens Tree Plantation redeveloped. 11. Entertainment Good 0.65 0.65 No major change. 12. Public library Good 0.6 0.61 E-Library commissioned. 13. Playgrounds Good 0.6 0.6 No major change 14. Fire Fighting V. Good 0.81 0.81 No major change Slum No major change 15. Good 0.65 0.65 Development Public Grievance No major change 16. Redressal and Excellent 0.9 0.9 Participation Employment 17. V. Good 0.85 0.85 No major change Opportunities Total 13.32 13.42 Urban Infrastructure Index for NMMC Area = (13.42/17)*100 = 78.94% *Based on data available for overall NMMC area.
58 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Description 2.1.1 Proposed Land-use Pattern in Navi Mumbai as per CIDCO Plan 2.1.2 Land-use in NMMC Area 2.3.1 Population in NMMC Area (Census) 2.4.2. Meteorological Observations in Navi Mumbai Area during April 2009 – March 2010 2.5.1 Salient Features of various Zone in NMMC Area 2.6.1 Zone wise Land use in NMMC 2.6.2 Node wise Land use in NMMC Area 2.6.3 Salient features of MIDC area 2.6.4 Number of Properties in NMMC Area 2.6.5 Permission to Start Construction Granted During 1998-2009 4.1.1 Salient Features of Morbe Dam Project 4.1.2 Water Requirement and Sources of Water Supply in NMMC Area 4.1.3 Salient Features of Water Supply in NMMC Area 5.1.1 Details of Sewer Lines in NMMC Area 5.1.2 Sewage Treatment Plants in NMMC Area 5.1.3 Expenditure on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment in NNMC Area 6.1.1 Holding Ponds In N.M.M.C. Area 6.1.2 Salient Features Of Storm Water Drainage System Of NMMC 6.1.3 Length of Open Nalla in NMMC Area 7.1.1 Salient features Of Turbhe Dumping Ground 9.1.1 Details of Roads in NMMC Area 9.1.2 Details of NMMC Transport Service 9.1.3 No. of Registered Vehicles in Thane District 9.1.4 Road Accidents in NMMC Area 10.1.1 Gardens in NMMC Area 11.1.1 Lakes and Ponds in NMMC Area 12.3.1 Educational Institutes, 12.4.1 Crematoriums in NMMC Area, 12.5.1 Fire Fighting Facilities in NMMC, 12.6.1 Slum Pockets in NMMC Area
59 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 2.1.1: Proposed Land-use Pattern in Navi Mumbai as per CIDCO Plan
Sr. Area in Sq. Distribution of Land No. Km. 1. Low lying area unsuitable for development 34.20 2. MIDC Industrial Area 28.10 3. Defence area at Uran 4.56 4. Port at Nhava Sheva 12.00 5. Regional Parks 72.25 6. Sewage Farming 9.00 7. Fisheries 9.00 8. Net Area Available for Urban Development 174.59 Total 343.70 Source: Development Plan for Navi Mumbai, CIDCO
Table – 2.1.2: Land-use in NMMC Area
Land-use Area, sq km Marshy land 30.75 Urban area 52.60 MIDC area 25.60 Forests/Sanctuaries 26.55 Villages/Agriculture 27.00 Total 162.50 (Source: City Engineer, NMMC)
Table 2.3.1: Population in NMMC Area (Census)
Decadal Zone Name 1991 2001 Increase % A Belapur 38,343 73,069 91 B Nerul 52,767 1,16,842 121 C Vashi 74,564 1,11,600 50 D Turbhe 40,700 1,02,569 152 E Koparkhairane 49,863 1,04,296 109 F Ghansoli 23,691 51,632 118 G Airoli 83,756 76,889 - 8 H Digha 13,295 54,326 309 I Dahisar 10,227 12,724 24 Total 3,87,206 7,03,947 82 (Source: Deputy Commissioner (Encroachments), NMMC). Figures for Census 2011 are yet to be available.
60 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 2.4.2. Meteorological Observations in Navi Mumbai Area during
April 2011 – March 2012
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATION – AIROLI
Wind Speed, m/s Temperature, 0C Humidity, % Duration Min Max Min Max Min Max
April 2012 - March 2013 0.01 1.94 20.94 34.57 20.30 99.90
March, 2013 0.02 0.41 22.98 31.94 23.40 74.40 February, 2013 0.02 0.33 21.21 30.42 20.30 60.53 January, 2013 0.02 0.18 20.94 25.08 35.09 70.45 December, 2012 0.02 0.18 21.95 28.97 44.95 67.65 November, 2012 0.05 0.49 25.94 30.09 38.42 70.13 October, 2012 0.12 0.57 26.30 30.24 44.23 88.20 September, 2012 0.11 1.94 24.74 28.12 80.04 99.77 August, 2012 0.01 0.80 23.92 28.05 85.68 99.90 July, 2012 0.01 0.70 23.94 28.35 78.36 99.90 June, 2012 0.20 1.80 27.62 33.93 70.28 99.23 May, 2012 0.07 1.66 31.77 34.57 65.60 75.35 April, 2012 0.05 0.58 29.70 34.30 57.48 73.34 Average 0.06 0.80 25.08 30.34 53.65 81.57 (Source: Airoli/Vashi Continuous Air Monitoring Station)
61 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 2.5.1: Salient Features of various Zone in NMMC Area
Zone Area Important Features
A CBD Central Business District (CBD) is the heart of Navi Mumbai. It is being developed as Belapur one of the biggest commercial as well as residential areas. CBD – Belapur is easily accessible from all parts of Navi Mumbai and Mumbai by road, rail and water transport facilities. Suburban Railway and hovercraft service directly connect Belapur to South Mumbai. There exists a provision for a helipad and helicopter service making Belapur Station Complex accessible by air too. A well designed, wide access road makes it directly accessible from the Sion Panvel Expressway. The Central Business District boasts of some of the most futuristic office and commercial buildings in style and aesthetic ambience. The Technology Centre in the Belapur Station Complex has a total built up area of 1 million sq. feet has been built up wonderfully to meet the international standards.
B Nerul Nerul is the biggest Residential Node of Navi Mumbai divided into 56 sectors; Nerul has developed at a very fast rate. Ideally located, the node is well known, with the presence of The D.Y. Patil Medical and Engineering College, S.I.E.S. Institute of Management Studies, Colleges, Polytechnics and Schools. Specialty Hospital of 500 beds and Seawood Railway Station have been inaugurated recently Well known Palm Beach marg passes by outer boundary of Nerul node.
C Vashi Vashi is connected by a four-lane bridge to Mumbai. It has large residential & commercial complexes, the picture perfect railway stations, roads, and shopping arcades. Vashi station complex is built to ISO 9002 quality standards and has set a new benchmark for 21st century railway stations. It is directly accessed from the Mumbai – Pune Highway by a well designed, wide access road. The Vashi Station Complex is one of the largest and highly prestigious complexes of Navi Mumbai with a total built up area of 7, 57,289 sq.ft. The Complex houses Office Premises covering an area of 5, 91,800 sq.ft. A Shopping Arcade of 1, 63,552 sq.ft. And an International Infotech Park (IIP).
The International InfoTech Park (IIP) in the Station Complex is spread over an area of 80 hectares with almost 6 lack sq. ft. of built up space of the Vashi Railway Station at its epicenter. The IIP houses shops specific to Computer Industry.
D Turbhe Turbhe houses the biggest wholesale agricultural produce market in the entire area of Mumbai – the A.P.M.C. (Agricultural Produce Marketing Corporation). All agricultural produce like dals, wholegrains, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables etc. are sold in wholesale here.
E Kopar Koparkhairne is a developing node of Navi Mumbai. The node is located close to Vashi. The Node has been divided into 16 sectors and a large number of residential khairane areas have come up here. Over a period of next two years Koparkhairne will stand parallel to Navi Mumbai’s most developed node – Vashi. There is Indira Gandhi Engineering College in Koparkhairane. 140-acre plot in Navi Mumbai, Dhirubhai Ambani Knowledge City (DAKC) is the heart of Reliance Infocom Limited. DAKC houses the National Headquarters, Internet Data Centres, Call Centres, Applications Development Laboratories and the National Network Operations Centre of Reliance Infocom.
F Airoli This sea facing area connects Navi Mumbai directly to Mumbai via the beautiful Airoli Bridge. This is developed to give direct access from suburbs of Mumbai to Navi Mumbai. This link helps in proper dispersal of traffic and there is considerable saving in travel time and fuel cost. This bridge reduces the travel distance by 9 – 10 kms and also relieves pressure on existing Thane creek bridge and Kalwa bridge. A road link connecting Thane-Belapur road and eastern express highway has been established by this bridge. Airoli has excellent educational facilities which include 2 engineering colleges. (Source: www.navimumbai.com)
62 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 2.6.1: Zone wise Land use in NMMC Area Ownership Area, sq km Vashi, Sanpada, Belapur, Nerul, 83.35 Koparkhairane, and Airoli Nodes NMMC Industrial Area MIDC 25.60 Villages (Grampanchayat) including GES NMMC 27.00 Reserved Forest State Govt 26.55 Total 162.50 (Source: City Engineer, NMMC) Table 2.6.2: Node wise Land use in NMMC Area Node Land use in sq km Marshy Residential Industria Regional park/ Village Total Land (Gross) l Forest Area sq km A CBD Belapur 8.00 16.50 0 0 24.50 B Nerul 3.00 3.75 4.00 4.15 14.90 C Vashi 3.75 4.75 0 0 8.50 D Turbhe 1.50 7.25 3.10 4.00 15.85 E. Koparkhairane 7.75 7.75 7.00 9.75 32.25 F Ghansoli 4.00 7.25 6.75 4.50 22.50 G Airoli 2.00 4.60 0.75 0.40 7.75 H Digha 0.75 0.75 4.00 3.75 9.25 Total 30.75 52.60 25.6 26.55 108.50 (Source: City Engineer, NMMC) Table 2.6.3: Salient features of MIDC area Total Area 2562 ha (25.62 sq.km) Total length and breadth 20 km/1.5 km average Total water supply 54 MLD (source Barvi Dam) Power consumption 400 MW Blocks S,R,A,C and D Total road length 136 km Total no. Industries About 3000 Table 2.6.4: Number of Properties in NMMC Area Year Normal MIDC TOTAL Residential Commercial Commercial Properties 1997-1998 108603 16272 3384 128259 1998-1999 111956 17991 3489 133436 1999-2000 118159 19742 3526 141427 2000-01 130338 22185 3619 156142 2001-02 134551 23141 3637 161329 2002-03 138042 24417 3772 166231 2003-04 140434 24871 3772 160077 2004-05 154978 27114 3997 186089 2005-06 160406 28064 4137 192607 2006-07 158840 35181 3941 197968 2007-08 170358 36128 4012 211533 2008-09 190248 37128 4157 231533 2009-10 201786 40858 4353 246997 2010-11 202186 48844 4401 255431 2011-12 214500 44190 4588 263278 2012-13 216620 47115 4879 268614 (Source: Property tax department, NMMC)
63 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 2.6.5: Permission to Start Construction Granted During 1999-2013
Node No of Permissions 00- 01- 02- 03- 04- 05- 06- 07- 08- 09- 10- 11- 12- TOTA 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 L
CBD 114 131 112 133 137 114 140 102 81 72 92 92 60 1239 Nerul 281 298 231 285 326 290 325 271 254 253 216 112 126 3150 Vashi 256 224 153 136 184 152 174 155 157 152 101 80 87 2020 Turbhe 157 240 239 210 183 174 167 143 115 111 52 54 116 1781 Kopar 396 240 219 182 199 246 205 283 354 430 547 464 528 4152 khairane Ghansoli 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 41 163 160 59 1422 Airoli 127 117 98 144 147 120 164 165 162 169 23 13 179 618 Digha 0 0 1 1 32 25 25 13 22 6 0 0 5 48 Total 1177 1223 1018 1108 1260 1081 1280 1204 1236 1351 1111 907 1160 14430 (Source: ADTP, NMMC)
Table 4.1.1: Salient Features of Morbe Dam Project
Sr.No. Parameters Details 1. River name Dhavri river (Branch of Patalganga river) 2 Type of dam Earthen dam 3 Catchment area 57.89 sqkm 4 Reservoir capacity 190.89 MCM 5 Net capacity 165.37 MCM 6 Supply capacity per day 450MLD 7 Length of dam 3520 m (across river) 8 Width of dam 450 m (across river) 9 Height of dam 53.40 m (across river) 10 Top of dam 93.00 m 11 Highest water level 90.50 m 12 Full storage level 88.00 m 13 Overflow channel width 26.50 m 14 Overflow channel doors 2 Nos ( Circular-12x3 m ) 15 Tunnel length 489 m 16 Diameter of tunnel 2.50 m (‘D” shape)
64 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 4.1.2: Water Requirement and Sources of Water Supply In NMMC Area
Water Requirement, MLD Water Source Sr. Supply, Zone Of No. 2004-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 MLD Supply (Av.)
1. CBD Belapur 23.18 27.18 31 28 28 29 29 29 34.97 2. Nerul 49.60 62.0 55 69 69 73 75 76 87.85 Morbe
Dam 3. Sanpada 14.55 15.20 17 15 16 16 17 18 25.15
4. Vashi & Turbhe 65.29 65.38 65 78 78 85 86 87 93.59 350
5. Koparkhairane 32.00 32.59 37 39 39 42 43 44 52.65 MIDC 6. Ghansoli 5.09 5.5 7 15 17 20 22 24 29.87 Gaothan 7. Airoli 26.09 31.4 35 39 39 42 43 44 44.98 52
(Direct 25 24.1 8. Villages/Slums 22 23 25 22 31 27 21 MIDC)
Total 222.68 262.25 272 305 317 334 336 347 393.16 There are 15% water losses as per Water Audit in 2010-11
Table 4.1.3: Salient Features of Water Supply in NMMC Area
Sr. Services 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 No. 1. Quantity of water 259 283 305 317 334 336 347 406.91 supplied, MLD Quantity of water 248.26 278 310 309.7 316.30 343.57 348.62 374.62 supplied in May, MLD 2. ESR/GSR 104 105 105 112 113 114 114 114 Storage capacity of 188.25 188.50 185 198.9 230.87 231.45 231.45 231.45 . ESR/GSR, ML Total length of water . supply lines (80 mm to 600km 630km 650km 668km 770km 810km 815 km 815km 1200 mm dia) 5. Chlorinators 37 41 41 41 43 43 44 44 Total Number of 107110 110128 107443 115264 116727 117393 118695 120357 . Consumers 7. Types of water
connections Domestic – Metered 10673 13792 13792 34469 69318 70301 79345 85663 Domestic – Unmetered 92245 92348 89000 75276 41364 41057 32550 30526 Institutional 257 287 253 325 365 394 416 430 Commercial 3352 7366 4400 8194 5680 5641 6384 6887 8. Norms adopted for 200 lpcd 200 lpcd 200 lpcd 200 lpcd 200 lpcd 200 lpcd 200 lpcd 200 lpcd 135 lpcd water supply 135 lpcd 135 lpcd 135 lpcd 135 lpcd 135 lpcd 135 lpcd (for slum (for slum (for slum (for slum (for slum (for slum (for slum (for slum as per as per as per as per as per as per as per as per Sant Sant Sant Sant Sant Sant Sant Sant Gadge Gadge Gadge Gadge Gadge Gadge Gadge Gadge Baba Baba Baba Baba Baba Baba Baba Baba Maharaj Maharaj Maharaj Maharaj Maharaj Maharaj Maharaj Maharaj Abhiyan Abhiyan Abhiyan Abhiyan) Abhiyan) Abhiyan) Abhiyan) Abhiyan
65 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Sr. Services 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 No. 9. Hours of water supply Minimum Minimum 200 lpcd 200 lpcd Minimum Minimum Minimum per day 4 hours, 4 hours, 135 lpcd 135 lpcd 4 hours 4 hours 4 hours 24 Hours 24 Hours (for slum (for slum and 24 and 24 and 24 for for as per as per hrs for hrs for hrs for gaothan gaothan Sant Sant gaothan, gaothan, gaothan, and and Gadge Gadge slums slums slums wherever wherever Baba Baba and and and possible possible Maharaj Maharaj wherever wherever wherever Abhiyan) Abhiyan) possible possible possible 10. Annual expenditure on 7870.79 8486 6979 7479 7754 5656 6149.04 7621.06 water supply, Lakhs 11. Staff strength 78.04 74 74 82 103 102 102 109 12. Expenditure on 78.54 96.36 96.36 99.85 114 182.14 133.43 263.96 salaries, Lakhs 13. Annual revenue 33 54 61.48 61 57 57.60 63.60 82.48 collected, Crores 14. Number of dug wells in 132 132 132 132 132 132 132 132 NMMC 15. Number of tube wells 82 82 82 82 169 119 119 119 in NMMC 16. Number of public 283 290 294 297 315 290 290 270 stand posts 17 Water supply zone 61 61 61 61 34 34 34 34 18 Direct water supply 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 zone (24 hour)
Note: MLD –Million litres/day, ML – Million litres, lpcd – litre/capita/per day
(Source: Water Supply Dept., NMMC)
Table 5.1.1: Details of Sewer Lines in NMMC Area 2012-13
Sr. Zone Length of Sewers, Km No. 1. CBD Belapur 61.06 km 2. Nerul 62.15 km 3. Vashi 50.51 km 4. Turbhe 67.71 km 5. Koparkhairane 62.15 km 6. Ghansoli 15.51 km 7. Airoli / Digha 29.88 km Total 349.51 km (Source: NMMC ACE))
66 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 5.1.2: Sewage Treatment Plants in NMMC Area 2012-13
Sr. Node Location Ultimate Existing Treatment No. Sector Design Capacity, Scheme Capacity, MLD MLD 1. Cyclic activated CBD 12 19.00 sludge process Belapur (SBR tech) 2. (Disconnected CBD 26/27 - from Network) 3. Nerul 2 17.00 Aerated lagoon 4. Cyclic activated Nerul 50 100.00 sludge process (SBR tech) 5. Cyclic activated Sanpada 21 37.50 sludge process (SBR tech) 6. Cyclic activated Vashi 18 100.00 sludge process (SBR tech) 7. Cyclic activated Kopar- 14 87.50 sludge process Khairane (SBR tech) 8. Cyclic activated Airoli 18 80.00 sludge process (SBR tech)
Total 441.00 (Source: NMMC-ACE)
Table 5.1.3: Expenditure on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment in NNMC Area, Rs Lakhs
Description 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13
Sewage Pumping and Treatment O 305.56 285.66 318.51 283.20 232.80 405.02 444.66 512.15 599.93 142.80 &M Sewers O & M 79.74 37.31 32.36 44.88 - - 2.5 2.58 71.00 Sewage Disposal 38.00 18.60 50 3.80 7.56 - - - 1.82 Electrical Repairs Sewage Disposal 323.23 337.24 400 336.46 384.16 648.92 850.83 724.83 686.86 96.38 Electrical Charges Total 746.73 678.81 800.87 664.34 624.52 1053.94 1297.99 1239.49 1357.79 241.00 (Source: NMMC –ACE)
67 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 6.1.1 Holding Ponds in N.M.M.C. Area
Sr.No. Node Location Area 1. Airoli Sector-18 16.00 2. Airoli Sector-19 14.00 3. Koper Khairane Sector-19 03.20 4. Bonkode Sector-14 09.00 5. Vashi Sector-11&12 24.00 6. Vashi Sector-10A 15.00 7. Vashi Sector-8 02.30 8. Vashi Sector-30 01.93 9. Vashi(Sanpada) Behind Rly. Station 77.00 10. Sanpada Sector-18,19&20 22.00 11. Belapur Sector-15A 13.85 12 Belapur Sector-12 08.50 Total 203.78
Table 6.1.2 Salient Features Of Storm Water Drainage System Of NMMC
No of SW pond Sr. No. Catchment Area covered Disposal Remark SWPS Location
Growth of Mangroves in pond De-silting of pond Replacement of Pump Thane 1 Zone – I Sector 1-11 of CBD 1 Sector 12 Machinery] Training on Nallas Creek let High Tide control gate at the outlet of Nallah Sector 15 to Thane Growth of Mangroves in pond De-silting 2 Zone - II -- Sector 20 23 of CBD Creek let of pond Turbhe & Sector 30 Thane Growth of Mangroves in pond De-silting 3 Zone - III --- Sanpada A Creek let of pond Training on Nallas De-silting of pond Replacement of Thane 4 Zone - IV Vashi Sectors 1 to 8 1 Sector 8 Pump Machinery & construction Creek let Pumphouse Vashi Balance Sector Thane 5 Zone - V -- De-silting of pond sectors 10A & 12 Creek let Vashi Thane Growth of Mangroves in pond De-silting Vashi gaon - GES Creek let of pond
68 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 6.1.3 Length of Open Nalla in NMMC Area Sr. No Nalla No Node From To Length , M
1 Nalla No-1 Belapur Sector-1 Sector-12 2418 Artist Village Branch 726 Sector-1a Nalla 430 Nalla N0-2 Cb Rw St- Sector-15 1105 2 Nalla N0-3 Nerul Sector-9 Palm Beach Marg 4273 Sector-15a 2661 3 Nalla N0-4 Sanpada MIDC Sector-4 7233 Railway Branch 1418 Sector-4 Branch 1403 Herdilia Branch 1550 MIDC Branch 1875 4 Nalla N0-5 Vashi Sector-12 Vashi R/W Station 7310 5 Nalla N0-6 Koparkhairane Khairane Nalla 7990 Branch-1 3709 Branch-2 739 Branch-3 1678 Branch-4 1470 6 Nalla No-7 Mahpe Nala 2036 7 Nalla No-8 Ghansoli Nocil Nalla 4690 Branch-1 1360 Branch-2 2937 Branch-3 1615 Branch-4 1620 8 Nalla No-9 Airoli Bharat Bijlee Nalla 1891 MSEB Nalla 1911 Branch-1 732 Branch-2 670 9 Nalla No-10 Digha Ilthanpada Nalla 3500 Thane Boundry-Digha 3332 Total 74282 Table 7.1.1 Salient features Of Turbhe Dumping Ground
S. No Features Details 1 Total area of landfill 65 acres 2 Gross life of landfill 50 years 3 Ultimate height of landfill 20 m 4 Nos of cells 10 5 Landfill height of each cell every year 5 m 6 Gross Area of landfill Phase-I 5 acres 7 Active Area of landfill Phase-I 13750 sqm 8 Life of Phase-I 1 year 9 Cost of development of Phase-I 225 lakhs 10 Active Area of landfill Phase-II 29900 sqm 11 Life of Phase-II 2.5- 3 years 12 Cost of development of Phase-II 275 lakhs 13 Active Area of landfill Phase-III 49000 sqm 14 Life of Phase-III 2.5 Yrs 15 Cost of development of Phase-III 450 lakhs 16 Active Area of landfill Phase-IV 33000 sqm 17 Life of Phase-IV 3 - 5years 18 Cost of development of Phase-IV 600 lakhs
69 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 9.1.1 Details of Roads in NMMC Area
Sr. No. Type of Road Length, km 1. Earthen roads 0.00 2. WBM roads 9.27 3. Bituminous roads 267.72 4. Cement concrete roads 29.13 in NMMC area + 13.41 in MIDC=42.54 5 MIDC roads 136.00 Total 455.53 (Source: City Engineer, NMMC)
Table 9.1.2: Details of NMMC Transport Service
Sr. Item 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 No. 1. No. of buses 226 226 281 281 261 376 376 336 2. No. of depots 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 3. No of routes 28 30 38 39 41 42 38 37 4. No. of passengers 4859007 5186285 6638092 6540000 72,60,000 6452000 7130000 7146192 travelling in a month 5. Distance travelled by 45201.90 44104 56363 59856 60,990.00 63590.84 73044.10 70052.04 buses per day, Km 6. Diesel Die- Die- Die- Die-12720 consumed per 16926 19266 13249 144823 16250 16912 20500 CNG- day, litres CNG- CNG- CNG- 11,011 1733 8058Kg 12079 7. Revenue per 18,47,634 1022235 11,31,717 1353933 1580523 16,00,617 2225579 2451428.84 day, Rs. 8. Distance travelled per 302 298 295 297 308 303 306 313 bus per day, Km. 9. No. of NMMT NMMT employees 1179 1306 1200+ Daily Daily Temp.Dri- 1407 1346 1308 1299 1243 Wages Wages 586 & Con- Driv: 743 Driv: 663 539 Con: 746 Con: 684
(Source: NMMC Transport Undertaking)
70 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 9.1.3.: No. of Registered Vehicles in NMMC area (Cumulative)
Kind of Vehicle Registered Registered Registered Progressive upto during during April- upto Month of Mar-2013 2012 To Mar- Mar-2013 Feb-2013 2013 (Col:2+3)
1 2 3 4 5 Motor Cycle 119,405 1,422 17,395 120,827 Scooter 4,588 - - 4,588 Moped 5 - - 5 Total 123,998 1,422 17,395 125,420 Car 86,349 984 11,808 87,333 Jeep 3,096 - - 3,096 Station Wagon 196 - - 196 Taxi 6,920 63 851 6,983 Auto Rikshaw 4,594 69 628 4,663 Stage Carriage 240 - 4 240 Contract Carriage 2,185 - - 2,185 Omini Bus 307 13 180 320 School Bus 409 10 171 419 Pvt. Service Vehicle 324 - 10 324 Ambulance 222 2 30 224 Trucks 11,697 83 901 11,780 Tanker 1,955 14 249 1,969 D/Van 4Wheelers 4,970 34 512 5,004 P/Van 4Wheelers 16,936 125 1,565 17,061 Tractors 31 - - 31 Trailers 3,539 36 438 3,575 Other 128 - 7 128 Total 268,120 2,855 34,750 270,975 (Source: RTO, Navi Mumbai)
Table 9.1.4 : Road Accidents in NMMC Area
Jan- Jan- Jan- Jan- Jan- Jan- Jan- Jan- Jan- Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 No. of persons involved 2544 1112 1063 973 650 967 1302 1216 754 Serious injuries 718 406 391 396 486 468 475 413 433 Minor injuries 335 277 179 136 105 81 149 88 53 No Injury 1127 285 337 273 192 261 508 568 135 Deaths 364 151 156 168 167 157 171 147 133 Total Injured 1053 961 907 805 591 549 624 501 486 Total Accidents 2240 973 925 879 784 828 1121 1066 600 (Source: ACP Office, Traffic Control Division, Navi Mumbai)
71 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table – 10.1.1: Gardens in NMMC Area
Area No. of Gardens Area (Sq m) CBD Belapur 38 156000 Nerul 38 165460 Sanpada 06 42140 Vashi 38 171908 Koparkhairane 22 61248 Ghansoli 08 17584 Airoli 26 98642 Total 176 712982 (Source: Deputy Commissioner (Garden), NMMC)
Table – 11.1.1: Lakes and Ponds in NMMC Area
Sr.No Lakes Area (Sq m) 1 Belapur 17905.00 2 Agroli 12693.00 3 Killa 2650.00 4 Karave 23506.00 5 Nerul 9894.00 6 Shirvane 13686.00 7 Darave 5724.00 8 Sanpada 2500.00 9 Turbhe 8482.00 10 Vashigaon 10620.00 11 Juhugaon 1486.00 12 Kopari 10000.00 13 Khairane 13870.00 14 Koparkhairne 2231.00 15 Mahape 1338.00 16 Gunali,Ghansoli 3596.00 17 Savligaon 6060.00 18 Ghansoli Talvpali 11590.00 19 Gothivali Khadan 32635.00 20 Rabale 7823.00 21 Diva 2042.00 22 Airoli 3988.00 23 Khokad,Digha 17842.00 24 Borol,Digha 1500.00 Total 223661.00
72 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 12.3.1: Educational Institutes, 2012-13
Medic Engin Pre- Pri Sec D.Ed B.Ed Law Angan Colle al eering Area prima ma ond Colleg Colleg I.T.I. Colleg wadi ges Colleg College ry ry ary es es es es s Belapur 28 17 39 12 5 0 2 2 0 1 0 Nerul 29 9 33 23 8 2 2 1 1 0 2 Vashi 13 3 23 18 5 0 0 2 2 0 0 Turbhe 22 6 26 8 4 1 1 1 1 0 0 Kopar 43 8 39 12 8 0 4 0 0 0 0 khairne Ghansoli 23 9 26 7 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 Airoli 55 16 40 20 5 0 1 2 2 1 0 Digha 34 24 23 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 247 92 249 108 37 4 10 8 6 2 2 (Source: Education Officer, NMMC)
Total No of students NMMC Primary School-27218 Private school-128478 Total No of teachers NMMC Primary School-715 Private school-2530 NMMC Budget Primary Schools Rs 6808.22 Lakhs Others (Serva Shiksaha Abhiyan) Rs 632.35 Lakhs
Table 12.4.1: Crematoriums in NMMC Area, 2012-13
Sr. Node Crematorium No. Hindu Muslim Catholics 1. Belapur 4 1 Nil 2. Nerul 3 2 2 3. Vashi 3 3 4 4. Turbhe 2 Nil Nil 5. Koparkhairne 5 1 Nil 6. Ghansoli 5 Nil Nil 7. Airoli 2 1 1 8. Digha 3 Nil Nil Total 26 8 7 (Source: NMMC)
73 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 12.5.1: Fire Fighting Facilities in NMMC, 20012-13 Total Sr.No. Name of Vehicle Nos. Designation Employee 1. Fire Engine X-type 2 Fire Officer - b. Multi-purpose Fire Engine 1 Driver / Operator/ Others 2 2. Mini water Tender 3 Dy. Fire Officer(I/C) 1 3. Fome Tender - Resident Officer - Dy. Resident Officer 10 4. Rescue Tender 2 Sub-Officer 1 Junior Engineer(Mech) 2 5. D.C.P. Tender 1 Leading Fireman 14 Branto Skylift (32 m-1No) 1 6. Branto Skylift (52 m-1No) 1 Branto Skylift (68 m-1No) 1 7. Water Tanker 2 Driver / Operator 21 8. Ambulance 3 Driver 02 9. Fire Jeep 3 Fireman 81 10. Multi Gas Detector 3 Clerk 4 11. Water Tender 2 Peon 1 12. Diving equipments 3 Others 2 13. Battery powered combo tool 1 Dy account 1
14. Hydraulic telescopic rescue ram 1 Drivers on contract 8
15. Chemical protection suit 20 Fireman on contract 3
16. Hydraulic power unit 3 Total 148
17. Hydraulic Combination tool 2
18. Full face medium size respirator 4
19. Gas Tight encapsulated chemical suits 4
20. Siren 2 Portable Inflatable Emergency Lighting 21. 3 System 22. Hydraulic cutter 3
23. Proximity suit 10
24. B.A Sets 30
25. Air Compressor 1
26. Inflatable Life Rescue Boat 6
27. Petrol Chain saw cutter 6
28. Life Guard 13
29. Life Jacket 32
30. Water mist 3 In all fire 31. Wireless System station 32. Hydraulic Door Opener 3 (Source: Fire Officer, Vashi, NMMC)
74 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Table 12.6.1: Slum Pockets in NMMC Area
Sr.No. Node Name Of Slum Location No of Huts Ramabai Ambedkar Nagar (Sec 9 Gavaskar 1. Belapur CIDCO 289 Maidan) 2. Belapur Ramabai Ambedkar Nagar (Sec 8 C.B.D.) CIDCO 34 3 Belapur Nilgiri Garden (Sec 24C.B.D.) CIDCO 41 4. Belapur Sambhaji Nagar (Sec 8 C.B.D.) CIDCO 119 5. Belapur Durgamata Nagar Panchshilnagar CIDCO 141 6. Nerul Bonsari MIDC 497 7. Nerul Mahatma Gandhi Nagar MIDC 708 8. Nerul Mauli Stone MIDC 157 9. Nerul BonsarI Quarry MIDC 24 10. Nerul Shivaji Nagar MIDC 729 11. Turbhe Ambedkar Nagar MIDC 970 12. Turbhe Ganesh Nagar MIDC 216 13. Turbhe Indira Nagar MIDC 2497 14. Turbhe Ganapati Pada MIDC 127 15. Turbhe Sec. 21, 23, 24 CIDCO 139 16. Turbhe Hanuman Nagar GOM 1939 17. Turbhe Turbhe Store GOM 5866 18. Koparkhairane Hanuman Nagar, Mahape MIDC 637 19. Koparkhairane Katakari Pada MIDC 63 20. Koparkhairane Warali Pada, Pawane MIDC 166 21. Koparkhairane Shramik Nagar, Khairne MIDC 727 22. Koparkhairane Savali Gaon ,Sec.5 CIDCO 363 23. Ghansoli Ambedkar Nagar, M. Gandhi Nagar, Ashwin Quarry. MIDC 1171 Katakari Pada, Bhim Nagar, Gautam Nagar, 24. Ghansoli MIDC 3834 Panchshil Nagar 25. Ghansoli Sai Baba Nagar MIDC 230 26. Ghansoli Sambhaji Nagar MIDC 156 27. Ghansoli Nocil Naka CIDCO 1627 28. Airoli Chinch Pada MIDC 3083 29. Airoli Gawte Wadi, Baliram Nagar MIDC 298 30. Airoli Yadav Nagar MIDC 1137 31. Airoli Ganapati Colony CIDCO 183 32. Airoli Sanjay Gandhi Nagar CIDCO 805 33. Airoli Airoli Naka CIDCO 840 34. Airoli Samta Nagar CIDCO 480 35. Airoli Deshmukh Wadi CIDCO 225 36. Airoli Sainath Wadi CIDCO 774 37. Digha Ganapati Pada MIDC 864 38. Digha Ram Nagar MIDC 1236 39. Digha Vijay Nagar, Vishnu Nagar MIDC 1306 40. Digha Ilthan Pada MIDC 999 41. Digha Namdev Nagar, Bindumadhav Nagar MIDC 653 42. Digha Pandhari Nagar, Subhash Nagar MIDC 1473 43. Digha Sathe Nagar, Patil Wadi MIDC 720 44. Digha Savitri Nagar (CIDCO Railway Project) MIDC 217 45. Digha Ganesh Nagar, Durga Nagar, Ambedkar Nagar MIDC 778 46. Digha Bali Nagar CIDCO 650 47. Digha Ishwar Nagar, Anand Nagar, CIDCO 1371 48. Digha Ishwar Nagar (CIDCO Railway Project) CIDCO 246 (Source: NMMC Yojana Dept)
75 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
LIST OF ANNEXURE
Annexure No. Description
ANNEXURE-I Environmental Legislations
ANNEXURE-II Ambient Air Quality Standards (NATIONAL)
ANNEXURE-IIII Noise: (Ambient Air Quality Standards)
ANNEXURE-IV General Standards for Discharge of Effluents
ANNEXURE-V Tolerance Limits for Drinking Water as per IS-10500-1991
ANNEXURE-VI PRIMARY WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR VARIOUS USES OF FRESH WATERS, AS LAID DOWN BY THE CENTRAL BOARD FOR THE PREVENTION & CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION (1979)
76 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
ANNEXURE-I
Environmental Legislations India has a broad network of Environmental legislations. Some of these Acts, rules and regulations are mentioned below; • The Water (P & CP) Act, 1974 • The Water (P & CP) Rules, 1983 • The Water (P & CP) Cess, Act, 1977 • The Water (P & CP) Cess Rules, 1978 • The Air (P & CP) Act, 1981 • The Air (P & CP) Rules, 1983 • The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (2001) • The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 (2000) • The Hazardous Waste (M & H) Rules, 1989 (2000) • Public Hearing Notification • The CRZ Rules (2000) • Environmental Impact Assessment Notification (2000) • Rules on Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response for Chemical Accidents, 1996. • The Manufacturing, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 (2000) • The Bio-Medical (M & H) Rules, 1998 (2000) • Recycled Plastics Manufacture and uses Rules, 1999. • Notification on Use of fly ash, bottom ash or pond ash in the manufacture of bricks & other construction activities, 2000. • MUIE & S of Hazardous Organism, Genetically Engineered Micro-Organisms or cells, Rules, 1989 • The Noise pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000. • Ozone Depleting Substances (R & C) Rules, 2000. • The Municipal Solid Wastes (M & H) Rules, 2000. • The Batteries (M & H) Rules, 2001. • Criteria for FINISHED LEATHER as Environment Friendly Product. • The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 • The Public Liability Insurance Rules, 1991 • The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995 • The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997. • The details of the latest development regarding the Environmental legislations can be obtained by visiting the site of Ministry of environment and Forest, Government of India's website http://envfor.nic.in/
77 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
ANNEXURE-II
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NATIONAL)
Time- Concentration in ambient air Method of Pollutants weighted measurement average Sensitive Industrial Residential, Rural
of Area Area & Other areas Sulphur Annual 15 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 Improved West and Dioxide (SO2) Average* Greake Method 24 hours** 30 µg/m3 120 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 Ultraviolet Fluorescence Oxides of Annual* 15 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 Jacob & ochheiser Nitrogen as Modified ( Na - Arsenite NO2 ) Method
24 hours** 30 µg/m3 120 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 Gas Phase Chemilumloescence Suspended Annual 70 µg/m3 360 µg/m3 140µg/m3 High volume sampling. Particulate 24 hours** 100 µg/m3 500 µg/m3 200µg/m3 (Average flow rate not Matter (SPM) less than 1.1m3/minute). Respirable Annual * 40 µg/m3 40 µg/m3 40 µg/m3 Respirable particulate Particulate 24 hours** 60 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 matter sampler matter(RPM), (size less than 10 µm) Lead (Pb) Annual* 0.50µg/m3 0.50µg/m3 0.50µg/m3 ASS Method after 24 hours** 1.00µg/m3 1.00µg/m3 1.00µg/m3 sampling using EPM 2000 or equivalent Filter paper Carbon 8 hours** 2.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 Non dispersive infra red Monoxide (CO) 1hour 4.0 mg/m3 4.0 mg/m3 4.0 mg/m3 Spectroscopy
*Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval. **24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days. NOTE: 1. National Ambient Air Quality Standard: The levels of air quality with an adequate margin of safety, to protect the public health, vegetation and property. 2. Whenever and wherever two consecutive values exceed the limit specified above for the respective category, it would be considered adequate reason to institute regular / continuous monitoring and further investigations.
78 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
ANNEXURE-III
Noise: (Ambient Air Quality Standards)
Limit in dB (A) Leq Category of Area rea Day time Night Time Industrial Area 75 70 Commercial Area 65 55 Residential Area 55 45 Silence Zone 50 40
Note: 1 - Day time is reckoned in between 6 A.M. and 10 P.M
Note: 2 - Night time is reckoned in between 10 P.M. and 6 A.M.
Note: 3 - Silence zone is defined as areas upto 100 metres around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority.
Use of vehicular horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones.
Note: 4 - Mixed categories of areas should be declared as "one of the four above mentioned categories by the Competent Authority and the corresponding standards shall apply.
79 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
ANNEXURE-IV
General Standards for Discharge of Effluents
Standards Sr. Parameter Inland surface Public Land for No Marine coastal areas water Sewers irrigation See Note 1. Colour and odour See Note 1 -- See Note 1 1 a. For process waste water-100 b. For cooling Suspended solids, mg/l, 2. 100 600 200 water effluent - 10 Max. percent above total suspended matter of influent cooling water. a. Floatable solids, Particle size of suspended Shall pass 850 Max 3 mm. 3. solids. micron IS Sieve b. Settleable solids Max 850 microns. Dissolved solids (inorganic), 4. 2100 2100 2100 -- mg/l, max. 5. pH value 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 Shall not exceed 40 in any section of 45 at the the stream 45 at the point of 6. Temperature 0C, Max point of -- within 15 discharge. meters down discharge stream from the effluent outlet.
7. Oil and grease, mg/l, max 10 20 10 20 Total Residual Chlorine, 8. 1.0 -- -- 1.0 mg/l, Max. Ammonical Nitrogen (as N), 9. 50 50 -- 50 mg/l, Max. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as 10. 100 -- -- 100 N), mg/l, Max. Free Ammonia (as NH3), 11. mg/l, Max. 5.0 -- -- 5.0
Biochemical Oxygen 12. Demand (5 days at 20 0C) 30 350 100 100 Max. Chemical Oxygen Demand, 13. 250 -- -- 250 mg/l, Max. 14. Arsenic (as As), mg/l., Max. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 15. Mercury (As Hg), mg/l, Max. 0.01 0.04 -- 0.01 16. Lead (as Pb), mg/l, Max. 0.1 1.0 -- 1.0 Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, 17. 2.0 1.0 -- 2.0 Max. Hexavalent Chromium (as 18. 0.1 2.0 -- 1.0 Cr+6) mg/l, Max. Total chromium (as Cr), 19. 2.0 2.0 -- 2.0 mg/l, Max. 20. Copper (as Cu), mg/l, Max. 3.0 3.0 -- 3.0 21. Zinc (as Ni), mg/l, Max. 5.0 15 -- 15 22. Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max. 0.05 0.05 -- 0.05 23. Nickel (as Ni), mg/l, Max. 3.0 3.0 -- 5.0
80 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Standards Sr. Parameter Inland surface Public Land for No Marine coastal areas water Sewers irrigation 24. Boron (as B), mg/l, Max. 2.0 2.0 2.0 -- 25. Percent Sodium, Max. -- 60 60 -- Residual Sodium carbonate, 26. -- -- 5.0 -- mg/l, Max. 27. Cynide (as Cn), Mg/l, Max. 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.2 28. Chloride (as Cl), mg/l. Max. 1000 1000 600 -- 29. Fluoride (as F), mg/l, Max. 2.0 15 -- 15 Dissolved Phosphate (as P), 30. 5.0 ------mg/l, Max. Sulphate (as SO ), mg/l, 31. 4 1000 1000 1000 -- Max. 32. Sulphide (as S), mg/l, Max. 2.0 -- -- 5.0 33. Pesticides Absent Absent Absent Absent Phenolic compounds (as 34. 1.0 5.0 -- 5.0 C6H5OH) mg/l, Max. Radioactive materials : a. Alpha emitters 10—7 10--7 10--7 10--8 35. MC/ml., Max. 10--6 10—6 10—6 10--7 b. Beta emitters µc/ml. Max.
Note:- 1. All efforts should be made to remove colour and unpleased odour as far as practicable. 2. The Standards mentioned in this notification shall apply to all the effluents discharged, such as industrial mining and mineral processing activities, municipal sewage, etc. 3. Omitted by Rule 2 of the Environment (Protection) Fourth Amendment Rules, 1992 vide Notification G.S.R. 797(E) dated 01.10.1992, Gazette No. 396 dated 01.10.1992.
81 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
ANNEXURE-V
Tolerance Limits for Drinking Water as per IS-10500-1991
Sr. Substance or Requirement Undesirable Effect Permissible Methods of Remarks No Characteristic (Desirable Outside the Limit in the Test (Ref to Limit) Desirable Limit Absence of IS) Alternate Source 1. Ph Value 6.5 to 8.5 Beyond this range the No relaxation 3025 (Part -- water will affect the II) 1984 mucous membrane and / or water supply system 2. Iron ( as per ) 0.3 Beyond this limit taste 1.0 32 of 3025 : -- mg/l, Max) / appearance are 1964 affected, has adverse effect on domestic uses and water supply structures, and promotes iron bacteria. 3. Chloride ( as Cl 250 Beyond this limit, 1000 3025 (part mg/l, Max taste corrosion and 32) 1988 palatability are affected 4. Dissolved Solids 500 Beyond this 2000 3025 (Part -- mg/l, Max palatability decreases 16) 1984 and may cause gastro intestinal irritation. 5. Calcium (as Ca) 75 Encrustation in water 200 3025 (Part --- mg/l, max supply structure and 40) : 1994 adverse effects on domestic use 6. Sulphate (as 200 Beyond this causes 400 3025 (part May be SO4) mg/l, Max gastro intestinal (see col 7) 24) 1986 extended irritation when up to 400 magnesium or sodium provided are present (as mg) does not exceed 30 7. Nitrate (as NO3) 45 Beyond this 100 3025 (part -- mg/l, Max methaemo- 31) 1986 globinemia
Bacteriological Unit Guideline Value Examination
Fecal Coliforms Number / 100 ml 0
Total Coliforms Number / 100 ml 10
82 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
ANNEXURE-VI
PRIMARY WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR VARIOUS USES OF FRESH WATERS, AS LAID DOWN BY THE CENTRAL BOARD FOR THE PREVENTION & CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION (1979)
Sr. Characteristics A* B* C* D* E* No. 1 Dissolved Oxygen (DO), mg/l, 6 5 4 4 - min. 2 Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD) mg/l, max. 2 3 3 - -
3 Total coliform organisms**. MPN/100 ml. Max. 50 500 5000 - -
4 pH Value 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.0-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.0-8.5 5 Free Ammonia (as N), mg/l. max - - - 1.2 -
6 Electrical conductivity, micro mhos/cm max - - - - 22.50
7 Sodium absorption ratio, SAR max - - - - 26.00
8 Boron, mg/l, max. - - - - 2.00 * Use classes
**If the coliform is found to be more than the prescribed tolerance limits, the criteria for coliforms shall be satisfied, if not more than 20% of samples show more than the tolerance limits specified and not more than 5% of samples show values more than 4 times the tolerance limit. There should be no visible discharge of domestic and industrial wastes into Class ‘A’ waters. In case of class ‘B’ and ‘C’ the discharge shall be so regulated / treated as to ensure maintenance of the stream standards.
83 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013 Environmental Challenges And
Agenda for Action` Premise
A sustainable community uses its resources to meet current needs while ensuring that adequate resources are available for future generations. It seeks improved public health and a better quality of life for all its residents by limiting waste, preventing pollution, maximizing conservation, promoting efficiency, and developing local resources to revitalize the local economy.
"Sustainable communities are defined as towns and cities that have taken steps to remain healthy over the long term. Sustainable communities have a strong sense of place. They have a vision that is embraced and actively promoted by all of the key sectors of society, including businesses, disadvantaged groups, environmentalists, civic associations, government agencies, and religious organizations. They are places that build on their assets and dare to be innovative. These communities value healthy ecosystems, use resources efficiently, and actively seek to retain and enhance a locally based economy. There is a pervasive volunteer spirit that is rewarded by concrete results. Partnerships between and among government, the business sector, and non- profit organizations are common. Public debate in these communities is engaging, inclusive, and constructive. Unlike traditional community development approaches, sustainability strategies emphasize: the whole community (instead of just disadvantaged neighbourhoods); ecosystem protection; meaningful and broad-based citizen participation; and economic self-reliance." (Institute for Sustainable Communities: http://www.iscvt.org)
The review of history of environmental management world over provides following as the basis for devising environmental action plans for metropolitan areas:Monitoring is a fundamental aspect of environmental management at both policy and programme levels;
3 Public consultation and participation is an essential element of environmental management. The people affected by a policy or programme have the right to know, to understand the benefits and disadvantages, and to express their views on the environmental change the policy and programme may bring;
3 Education is a fundamental component of environmental management; 3 Development and environmental quality are indivisible and should pursued as common objectives;
84 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
3 Equity between generations, the concept that ecosystem productivity and environmental quality must be passed on, are fundamental premises of environmental management;
3 The central and undeviating objective of environmental management must be the preservation of the ecosystems upon which all life depends; and
3 Environmental management is as much about restoration as management.
Agenda for Action
With the backdrop of present state of environment, environmental challenges () and globally evolving thinking on environmental management agenda for action ()) for NMMC was proposed in ESR 2012-13. The same is reviewed as follows. NMMC has started action on some issues ( ) while some issues have been solved (√).
A-1:Reduction of Noise Pollution
Challenge
Noise pollution is a serious threat to the quality of environment. Noise is over- loud or disturbing sound. Sound levels are measured in decibels (dB). It is a unit for expressing the relative intensity of sound. Noise pollution may come from loudspeakers, factories, and aeroplanes, moving trains, construction activity or even a radio. Noise level of 80 decibels or more for more than 8 hours a day increases tension and changes in breathing patterns. Continued exposure to high levels of noise results in fatigue, hearing loss or even total loss of hearing, changes in blood circulation, changes in breathing, etc. Noise pollution above 120 decibels can cause many adverse biochemical changes. Cholesterol levels in the blood and white cell counts increase, besides causing hypertension. With increase in traffic, noise levels would increase in future.
) Agenda for Action
Ö Planting trees with high foliage density along roads to reduce impact of noise could be undertaken; ( )
Ö Avoiding/minimizing use of loud speakers, which have become a part of festivals, weddings and prayers; ( )
Ö Writing slogans for education of public regarding impacts of noise on health; () Ö Installing decibel metres for monitoring noise levels along highway and other major roads, and also near sensitive localities like schools and hospitals; ()
Ö Declaring more silence zones; and( ) Ö Banning blowing of horns, especially at traffic junctions. ( )
85 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Ö Installation of Sound barriers. ( )
Ö Introduction of Automatic signalling system. ( )
Ö Introduction of Skywalk & ROBs. ( )
A-2:Solid Waste Management
Challenge
Solid waste continues to receive a great deal of media attention as the available space to dispose of household garbage and municipal solid waste gets exhausted. Disposal of solid waste on land contaminates ground water, soil, surface water, and air. Technological solutions comprise use of liners and Leachate treatment systems to prevent environmental degradation.
) Agenda for Action
Ö Promoting waste segregation at source (compostable / non-compostable, glass, plastic, paper etc); ( )
Ö Increasing public awareness and education for waste minimization in purchasing, use and disposal of consumer products. Such campaigns may highlight use of simple solutions such as purchasing goods with less packaging, maintaining and repairing household appliances, and carrying reusable shopping bags instead of
plastic bags; ( )
Ö Composting and/or biomethanation of solid waste (solid waste in Navi Mumbai contains over 35 % organic wastes); and( )
Ö Providing technical support for installation of vermi-composting plants at housing complexes/society level. Involving school children in such programmes. ())
Ö Closure of existing dumping ground. ( )
Ö Carbon Credit from Sanitary landfill. ( )
Ö Construction of Sanitary landfill. ( )
Ö Integrated Solid Waste Disposal facility consisting of SLF, Closure, Carbon Credit, Leachate treatment Plant and tree belt. ( )
Ö Introduction of mechanicl sweepers and washing of streets( )
86 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
A-3:Restoration of Stone Quarries and Protection of Hills
Challenge
Gravel and stone quarry operations result in extensive manipulation of the landscape and of the ecosystems indigenous to their sites. Quarrying results in conditions favourable for accelerated erosion because the topsoil environment required for establishment of stabilizing vegetation is eliminated. Once quarry resources are exhausted or operations cease, the landscape has often been degraded to an extent that recolonization by pre-disturbance communities is difficult, if not impossible. Such degraded lands lead to safety, ecology, and aesthetics-related concerns. The intrinsic legacy of quarrying is the exposure of bare soil and underlying strata which vary in stability, do not support vegetation, and which contrast sharply with adjacent undisturbed landscape features. There are over 200 quarries in NMMC area (Nerul 106, Turbhe 92, Koparkhairane 8, Digha 3). In view of land degradation due to stone quarrying in NMMC, restoration of these areas is a challenge for NMMC.
) Agenda for Action
Ö Assessing feasibility of using abandoned quarries for rainwater harvesting; Ö Planting trees for restoration of land under abandoned quarries Ö Quarries in operation to implement better handling operational facilities with pollution control facilities.
Ö Abandoned quarries can be restored by sanitary land filling with innocuous inorganic wastes, especially construction debris by adopting suitable slopes from stability angle and with due compaction. ()) A-4:Protection of Coastal Areas
Challenge
The coast is the interface between the land and sea. The beaches and inter-tidal zones are areas where the transition from land to sea, or sea to land takes place. Coastal zones are among the richest and biologically most productive areas. Mangroves found in coastal areas play a crucial role in the marine ecosystem. The major ecological role of mangroves is the stabilization of the shoreline and prevention of shore erosion. The dense network of prop roots, pneumatophores and stilt roots not only give mechanical support to the plant, but also trap the sediments. The rate of sedimentation is generally much higher in these estuaries lined with mangroves.
The second important ecological role of the mangroves is the detritus, which help in feeding and providing breeding and nursery grounds for the juveniles of many commercially important shrimps and fishes. Major primary production in the mangrove
87 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013 ecosystem is from the trees. However, only a fraction of this production is consumed by herbivores. The remainder enters the mangrove water as litter fall. The decomposition of this litter fall produces detritus, which in turn is colonized by heterotrophic microorganisms, thus enhancing its nutritive value. The detritus, besides forming a food source for suspension and deposit feeders, is also consumed by the juveniles of a variety of bivalves, shrimps and fishes, which migrate into the mangrove environments in their life cycle for better feeding and protection. There is a direct correlation between the extent of mangrove forests along a coastline and the fishery as well as shrimp catches from the coastal waters adjoining the mangroves, thus demonstrating the importance of mangroves for sustaining coastal fisheries. The length of coastline in NMMC is over 22 km. There are excellent mangrove areas along the coastline particularly near Palm Beach Marg, Nerul, Koparkhairne areas and these face threat of removal due to disposal of waste and also abuse of land for unauthorised uses by fishermen and builders. Mangrove area is about approximately 50,000 sq.m including mud flats.
) Agenda for Action
Ö Forming watch committee with participation of experts as also people staying along coastline to monitor strict enforcement of Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) notification issued by the Government of India, Ministry of Environment and
Forests (MoEF); and( )
Ö Drawing attention of the State Level Coastal Management Authority to offences committed in violation of legal provisions. ( ) A-5:Water Conservation
Challenge
The nation's ground water resources are extremely valuable. Even more than surface waters, ground water resources are often taken for granted because they are not visible. Rainfall and surface water which had seeped into the earth's crust over many years formed underground reservoirs. The apparent abundance of water is deceptive and we tend to take it for granted. We tend to abuse and overuse it. This leads to water scarcity, for which the reasons are:
1. Increasing demand for water due to rapid increase in population; (√) 2. Poor recharge of ground water resources due to deforestation and overgrazing which result in soil erosion and inability of the soil to permit water infiltration;
and( ) 3. Siltation of bodies of water due to denudation of the vegetational cover in the hills and catchment areas.
88 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
) Agenda for Action
Ö Educating citizens to emphasize that water should not be wasted, leaky taps must be repaired and taps closed when not in use; ( )
Ö Encouraging collection and storage of rain water for domestic non-consumptive purposes; ( )
Ö Leak detection and preventive maintenance of water distribution systems; ( ) Ö Maintenance of overhead storage tanks in good condition; ( )) Ö Desiltation of tanks regularly during the summer months; ( ) Ö Afforestation of barren, hilly slopes on a warfooting; Ö Terrace cultivation of hilly slopes to prevent water run-off; Ö Contour ploughing and planting of grasses and trees to check run-off water and increase the soil's capacity to retain moisture;
Ö Harvesting rainwater using recharge pits, recharge trenches, abandoned dug wells, abandoned hand pumps, recharge wells, recharge shafts, percolation
ponds, check dams, nalla bunds, as also roof top rainwater harvesting. ( ) A-6:Water Quality Management
Challenge
Like clean air, fresh water is also becoming a scarcity in most of the urban areas. Major sources of water pollution are domestic sewage and industrial effluents. Human excreta contains 400 different species of bacteria and viruses. Even well-treated sewage contains pathogenic bacteria and virus, unless properly chlorinated before discharging into any water course. Sewage is a major contributor to water-borne diseases and affects the health of people and other organisms in the environment in many ways. Industrial effluents add large amount of organic wastes and toxic pollutants to water bodies. Most of surface water bodies in NMMC area are already highly polluted. Improvement of surface water quality is a significant challenge to NMMC.
Water in which maximum permissible concentration of any single or more constituents is in excess is unfit for drinking and human health. There are definite tolerance levels for water used for different activities such as drinking, bathing, irrigation and industrial purposes. Depending on its use, there are different physico-chemical and bacteriological standards for water. About 5 % drinking water samples in year, with more percentage in summer months, in some parts of NMMC, do not conform to drinking water standards. This results in higher level of mortality, loss of mandays, and also may lead to epidemics. Improvement of drinking water quality and education of public for reduction of water borne diseases is a challenge to NMMC.
89 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
) Agenda for Action
Ö Augmenting and/or modifying sewage treatment plants; ( )
Ö Improving operation and maintenance as also performance monitoring of STPS; (√)
Ö Co-ordinating with Maharashtra Pollution Control Board for control of industrial effluents; ( )
Ö Diverting wastewater entering surface water bodies without treatment to the STPs; ( )
Ö Assessing adequacy of chlorination systems and improving the same wherever necessary; installation of additional chlorinators and(√)
Ö Undertaking campaign to advise citizens on practising use of household water purification measures such as use of clean vessels to store water, filtration of water through a clean, white cloth before storing, use of inexpensive traditional 3-pot filters, boiling of water before drinking, and if possible use of modern water filtering equipment capable of removing bacteria. (√)
Ö Recycle and reuse of treated sewage( )
A-7:Hazardous Waste Management
Challenge
Sophisticated technologies produce consumer goods ranging from cars to paints. Many of these processes generate hazardous wastes of one sort or another. Hazardous wastes have characteristics that make them potentially dangerous. Hazardous wastes include wastes that contain chemicals which are corrosive, flammable, reactive, or toxic. Hazardous wastes may be by-products of manufacturing processes or discarded products, such as household cleaning fluids, paints, and batteries. Once generated, hazardous wastes require proper storage, treatment, and disposal. Currently operating industries that produce hazardous wastes are regulated by the provisions of the Hazardous Waste Rules, 1989, of the Ministry of Environment and Forests. One of the requirements of these rules is the cradle-to-grave reporting system that tracks hazardous wastes from the factory through transportation, treatment, and disposal. NMMC is not directly responsible for hazardous waste management. However, indiscriminate storage, transport and /or disposal of hazardous waste would pose threat to residents of NMMC area. Hence, NMMC needs to look in to hazardous waste management issue.
90 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
) Agenda for Action
Ö Encouraging common hazardous waste management facilities for industries located in Navi Mumbai; (√)
Ö Encouraging industries to adopt better manufacturing processes, train workers to reduce quantities of hazardous waste generation, and substitute hazardous
ingredients with non-hazardous or less hazardous ingredients; and( )
Ö Playing a catalytic role in organising seminars, workshops and training programmes for industrial waste minimisation. ( )
A-8:Restoration and Beautification of Lakes
Challenge
Aquatic ecosystems perform numerous valuable environmental functions such as recycling of nutrients, purify water, recharge ground water, augment and maintain stream flow, and provide habitat for wide variety of flora and fauna and recreation for people. Various anthropogenic activities alter the physical, chemical and biological processes within aquatic ecosystems. Restoration means returning an ecosystem to a close approximation of its condition prior to disturbance. This ensures that the ecosystem structure and function are recreated or restored, and that natural dynamic ecosystem processes operate effectively again. The most widespread problems facing lakes is hydrologic and physical changes and siltation from catchment activities resulting in spatial decline. There are 37 lakes in NMMC area. These lakes need restoration and beautification for maintenance of aquatic ecology and improving quality of environment.
) Agenda for Action
Ö Identifying sources of pollution of the lakes; ( ) Ö Restoring physical, chemical and biological integrity of lakes by controlling nonpoint source of pollution; ( )
Ö Desiltation of lakes; ( ) Ö Development of plans for watershed restoration through collaboration among scientists, economists, managers, policy makers and local people;
Ö Restoration of all types of habitats with priority to the habitats of endangered species; and
Ö Beautification of lakes with involvement of private sector. ( )
91 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
A-9:Promotion of Use of Renewable Energy A Challenge In the past century, it has been seen that the consumption of non-renewable sources of energy has caused more environmental damage than any other human activity. Electricity generated from fossil fuels such as coal and crude oil has led to high concentrations of harmful gases in the atmosphere. This has in turn led to many problems being faced today such as ozone depletion and global warming. Hence, alternative sources of energy have become very important and relevant to today’s world. These sources, such as the sun and wind, can never be exhausted and therefore are called renewable. They cause less emission and are available locally. Their use can, to a large extent, reduce chemical, radioactive, and thermal pollution. They stand out as a viable source of clean and limitless energy. These are also known as non-conventional sources of energy. Most of the renewable sources of energy are fairly non-polluting and considered clean though biomass, a renewable source, is a major polluter indoors.
A host of fiscal incentives and facilities are available to both manufacturers and users of renewable energy systems, which include:
3 100% accelerated depreciation for tax purposes in the first year of the installation of projects/systems;
3 No excise duty on manufacture of most of the finished products. Low import tariffs for capital equipment and most of the materials and components;
3 Soft loans to manufacturers and users for commercial and near commercial technologies;
3 Financial Incentives/Subsidies for devices with high initial cost; 3 Encouragement to NGOs and small entrepreneurs; and 3 Allotment of land on long term basis at token lease rent and supply of garbage free of cost at project site by State Governments, in respect of projects on energy recovery from municipal waste. NMMC is not generator of power. However, NMMC can contribute to reduction in power demand from conventional sources of energy.
) Agenda for Action
Ö Conducting energy audit of NMMC buildings/plants; ( ) Ö Installation of solar water heaters for government buildings; ( ) Ö Installation of photovoltaic systems for garden and street lighting; ( ) Ö Replacement of incandescent lameps with compact fluorescent lamps in government buildings/street lights; ( )
92 NMMC - Environmental Status Report 2012-2013
Ö Providing technical guidance for energy conserving building design; Ö Encouraging industries to undertake energy audits; and Ö Undertaking energy conservation awareness campaigns especially at schools. A-10:Pollution Prevention in NMMC Area
Challenge
One of the most encouraging environmental development of recent years is the trend toward preventing -- and not just treating --pollution. Pollution prevention involves waste minimisation -- recycling what we used to throw away or not generating wastes in the first place. Many companies now are cleaning up solvents for re-use or changing the industrial process to more efficiently use raw materials. Likewise, scientists are developing new technologies every year to eliminate or greatly reduce our dependence on toxic substances. The same basic pollution prevention ideas can be used in the home. Pollution prevention requires bringing out change in attitude towards life. It requires participation of regulatory agencies, industries, consumers, and even housewives. Promotion pollution prevention (P3) in NMMC area can be a broader goal for NMMC.
) Agenda for Action
Ö Conducting audit of NMMC departments for identifying opportunities of pollution prevention;
Ö Encouraging industries to adopt pollution prevention technologies; Ö Encouraging local colleges and institutions for organising awareness campaigns for pollution prevention.
93