GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 27
April 1949
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN ROOKS COUNTY, KANSAS
By Frank E. Byrne, Henry V. Beck, and Max S. Houston
PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH STATE. HIGHWAY COMMISSION OF KANSAS R. C. Keeling, State Highway Engineer S. E. Horner, Chief Geologist UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR J. A. Krug, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Free on application to the Director, Geological Survey, Washington 26, D. C. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN ROOKS COUNTY, KANSAS By Frank E. Byrne, Henry V. Beck, and Max S. Houston
CONTENTS
Page Page Introduction...... 2 Characteristics of the outcropping Purpose of the investigation...... 2 stratigraphic units Continued Area covered by the investigation. 2 Construction materials 11 Geography of the area...... 2 Inventory of construction materials.... 11 Investigation procedure...... 4 General...... 11 Acknowledgments...... 4 Aggregate for concrete...... 11 Characteristics of the outcropping Engineering and geologic stratigraphic units...... 4 characteristics...... 11 General...... 4 Stratigraphic sources and Carlile shale...... 4 performance characteristics.. 11 Areal distribution...... 4 Ogallala formation...... 11 General description...... 7 Sanborn formation...... 12 Representative measured Terrace deposits...... 12 section...... ^...... 7 Alluvium...... 12 Thickness...... 7 Road metal...... 12 Construction materials.... 7 Engineering and geologic Port Hays limestone member of characteristics...... 12 Niobrara formation...... 7 Stratigraphic sources and Areal distribtuion...... 7 performance characteristics.. 12 General description...... 7 Sanborn formation...... 12 Representative measured . Ogallala formation...... 13 section...... '88 Blue Hill shale member of Thickness...... Carlile shale...... 13 Construction materials.... 8 Niobrara formation...... 13 Smoky Hill chalk member of Mineral filler...... 13 Niobrara formation...... 8 Engineering and. geologic Areal distribution...... 8 characteristics...... 13 General description...... 8 Stratigraphic sources and Representative measured performance characteristics.. 13 section...... Sanborn formation...... 13 Thickness...... Terrace deposits...... 13 Construction materials.... 8 Alluvium...... 13 Ogallala formation...... 8 Blending sand...... 13 Areal distribution....'.... 8 Engineering and geologic General description...... 9 characteristics...... 13 Representative measured Stratigraphic sources and section...... 9 performance characteristics.. 13 Thickness...... ;.... 9 Volcanic ash...... 14 Construction materials.... 9 Engineering and geologic Sanborn formation...... 9 characteris tics...... 14 Areal distribution...... 9 Stratigraphic sources and General description...... 10 performance characteristics.. 14 Representative measured Riprap...... 14 section...... 10 Engineering and geologic Thickness...... 10 characteristics...... 14 Construction materials.... 10 Stratigraphic sources and Terrace deposits...... 10 performance characteristics., 14 Areal distribution...... 10 Ogallala formation...... 14 General description...... 10 Port Hays limestone member Representative measured of Niobrara formation.... 14 section...... 10 Structural stone...... 14 Thickness...... 10 Engineering and geologic , Construction materials.... 11 characteristics...... 14 Dune sand...... 11 Stratigraphic sources and Areal distribution...... 11 perfoTmance characteristics., 14 General description...... 11 Port Hays limestone member Representative meas\ired of Niobrara formation..... 14 section...... 11 Ogallala formation...... 14 Thickness...... 11 Calcareous binder...... 14 Construction material...,. 11 Engineering and geologic Alluvium...... 11 characteristics...... 14 Areal distribution...... 11 Stratigraphic sources and General description...... 11 performance characteristics.. 14 Representative measured Ogallala formation...... 14 section...... 11 Niobrara formation...... 15 Thickness...... 11 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Plate 1. Map showing construction materials and geology of Rooks County, Kans.... In pocket Figure 1. Index map of Kansas showing area covered "by this and other construction materials reports...... 3 2. Geologic cross section from Bow Creek south to the South Pork Solomon River...... 5 3. Outcropping stratigraphic units in Rooks County, Kans., and their construction materials...... 6 TABLES Table 1. Summary of materials tests, In pocket
INTRODUCTION the border region to one of low to moderate relief. The streams occupy steep-sided valleys, Purpose of the investigation many of which are cut more than 150 feet below the gently rounded upland surface. The areas The U. S. Geological Survey in the summer of greatest relief in Rooks County are along of 1946 sent a field party into Rooks County, the South Pork Solomon River in the central Kans., to investigate sources of engineering part -of the county, along Bow Creek at the construction materials, as part of a State northern edge of the county, and along the tri wide project conducted in cooperation with butaries to the Saline River in the southern the State Highway Commission of Kansas. This part of the county. report is a part of that inventory and a con tribution to the geologic mapping and mineral The South Pork of the Solomon River is the resource investigations being made in con larg-est stream in Rooks County. It rises about nection with studies of the Missouri River 100 miles farther west, crosses the west bounda Basin. I/ ry slightly north of the middle, and flows gener ally eastward across the county. Its most im The primary aim of the investigation was portant tributaries in Rooks County are north to accumulate field and laboratory data per ward-flowing streams; these are, in order from taining to the geologic materials in Rooks west to east, Lost Creek, Box Elder Creek, Elm County that would be of use in the construc Creek, and Medicine Creek. The tributaries tion of dams, irrigation canals, highways, entering from the north are markedly shorter airports, or other engineering structures. than those that enter from the south. Bow Additional geologic data are included in this Creek, the second largest stream in Rooks report only to the extent of providing County, rises about 45 miles to the west,flows information useful in the exploitation of the eastward, paralleling roughly the northern % prospects reported or in the location of other boundary of the county to a point slightly east sites where materials required to fulfill of the center line, then turns sharply north future engineering needs might be obtained. into Phillips County. Paradise Creek rises a few miles west of the city of Plainville and Area covered by the investigation flows generally eastward, leaving the county 4 miles north of the southeast corner to join the Rooks County is in the second tier of Saline River, which flows across the northern Kansas counties south of the Nebraska border part of Ellis County. Other southward-flowing and in the fifth tier east of the Colorado tributaries of the Saline River drain the south border. (See figure 1.) It has an area of part of Rooks County. about 900 square miles and comprises 25 town ships. The county is bounded by. parallels Rooks County is served by two railroads, 39°08' and 39°32'30n north latitude, and A branch line of the Union Pacific Railroad meridians 98°58' and 99°38' west longitude. enters the county at about the center of the It is bordered on the east'by Osborne County, western border, swings south through the cities on the west by Graham County, on the north by of Damar and Palco, and then runs east across Phillips County, and on the south by Ellis the county. A spur line of the Missouri County. Pacific Railroad starts at Stockton and runs east to the county line. Stockton, the county Geography of the area seat and largest city in the county, and Woodston also are served by the Missouri Pacific Rooks County is in the border region of Railroad. With the exception of Webster, the the Great Plains physiographic province. remaining cities in Rooks County are located Streams cutting headward from the'Central along the branch line of the Union Pacific. Lowlands province to the east have dissected There is a well-developed system of Federal, State, and county roads. The Federal highways are of the black-top type of con i/ Missouri River Sasln conservation control, struction. U. S. 24, a major east-west trans and use of water resources* ?8th Song., 21 sess.i continental route, crosses the northern part 3. doo. 191t PP. 94. 95. map of Kansas (la pocket). of the county. U. S. 183, an important north- 1944- south highway, extends through the center of the county. The two highways intersect at This report Report published Report in preparation
Figure 1. Index map of Kansas showing areas covered by this and by other construction materials investigations. Stockton. Kansas State Highway 18 nearly The measured sections are not necessarily parallels the Union Pacific Railroad through intended to be complete, their purpose being the southern part of the county. The county chiefly that of giving a typical occurrence and township roads follow or parallel section of a formation or member. The geologic lines except in the more rugged parts of the information required for the location and county. Only a few of these roads are metaled, effective exploitation of the construction but most of them are maintained by grading. materials are given in this part of the report. Investigation procedure The relations of the stratigraphic units to one another are illustrated in figure 2, The field work on which this report is Geologic cross section from Bow Creek south based was of'the reconnaissance type. The to the South Fork Solomon River, and a summary base map (Highway planning map, scale 1 inch of the data for each unit is presented in equals 1 mile) was provided by the State figure 3, Outcropping stratigraphic units in Highway Commission of Kansas. Drainage lines Rooks County, Kans., and their construction were added to the base map for greater ground materials. control in mapping; these were taken from aerial photographs (scale, 1 inch equals Plate 1, Map showing construction materi 1,000 feet) made available for that purpose als and geology of Rooks County, Kans., shows by the Soil Conservation Service of the United the areal distribution of the local strati- States Department of Agriculture. graphic units and operating or prospect pits and quarries for construction materials. Each The areal distribution of the strati- stratigraphic unit is indicated by an identi graphic units that crop out in Rooks County fying symbol and its outcrop areas are shown was then mapped In the field. The mapped by a distinctive pattern. Railroads, roads, stratlgraphic units are those recognized as and drainage lines are shown to provide a of 1947 by the U. S. Geological Survey and rough basis for evaluating the availability of the Kansas Geological Survey. Because the construction materials sources. project is primarily concerned with con struction materials, no attempt has been made Suitable symbols Indicate whether a pit to consider geologic problems not related to or quarry is operating, has been operated, or the occurrence of these materials. is a prospect. Other symbols indicate the type of construction materials available and An effort was made to accumulate all the quantity of those materials (in units of existing^ data pertaining to construction 10,000 cubic yards) that can be removed under materials in the county. These data and their conditions of no more than moderate over sources are incorporated In this report. In burden (unconsolidated sediments less than 6 addition, the Geological Survey field party feet thick). Most of these sources are listed collected samples of construction materials in table 1. The materials sources Indicated not previously reported. The samples of sand on the map by inclined symbols have not been and gravel were analyzed at Kansas State tested and are not listed in table 1. The College in the laboratory of the Department materials listed In table 1 are numbered with of Geology. A simplified sieve analysis of in each materials classification according to a sample was made first. Mlneralogical the following plan: The numbering starts in analyses of the resultant coarse fraction the northeasternmost township and continues (defined as that portion of the sample re along the same tier to the western boundary tained on the no. 4 screen) and fine fractions of the county. The numbering Is continued in were then made under a binocular microscope. the next tier south, starting again with the This information and data from other sources township in the easternmost range and pro are presented in table 1, Summary of materials ceeding to the western boundary of the county, tests. and so on. Within a township the sources are numbered in the same sequence as are the Acknowledgment s sections of the township. Generous assistance in the compilation of Carllle shale the areal map and the data on construction materials was given by the following, to whom Areal distribution. The Carllle shale, acknowledgment is made: State Highway of Upper Cretaceous age (see f*ig. 3),'is the Commission of Kansas at Topeka and Manhattan, oldest formation cropping out in Rocks County Kans., S. E. Horner, chief geologist, R. D. and Is therefore the lowest exposed unit in Plnney, materials engineer, and associates; the local stratlgraphic section. This forma State Geological Survey of Kansas, J. C. Prye, tion crops out most extensively along the executive director; the county engineer of southern border of the county (see pi. 1), Rooks County; and the Rooks County office of where the southward-flowing tributaries of the the Soil Conservation Service, U. S. Depart Saline River have cut their valleys into the ment of Agriculture. formation. This outcrop area extends from the eastern border of the county westward CHARACTERISTICS OP THE OUTCROPPING over about two-thirds of the width of the STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS county. The Carlile shale crops out also In the base of the valley walls along the eastern General half of the valley of the South Pork Solomon River and In similar topographic positions in This discussion of the geologic forma the valleys at the mouths of several tributa tions cropping out in Rooks County emphasizes ries to this river. There are narrow outcrop the areal distribution, general character bands of the formation in the eastern part istics, and thickness of each stratlgraphic of the valley of Paradise Creek. Elsewhere unit. A representative measured section is in the county the Carllle shale Is concealed given for each formation or member, and the beneath younger formations. construction materials in each unit are listed. 900 1000 MOO 1200 1300 > ill n nil i ni i i n In ii \amcrftfr «O &
§ ro i
o O W CA to d> O I O I 00 _ * CO CO o. o o I O o 3 Solomon River CD 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Altitude in feet (on ossumed datum) ! ' 'iiii ill o O O o o I JL Outcrop s d> 0) thickness en o O g (feet) Cretaceous Tertiary Quaternary System Upper Cretaceous Pliocene Pleistocene and Recent Series Carl He shale Niobrara formation f S I 03 UJ T3 S § S O ( co " pllo << ._ |o 3 -SB -* t: O 2. 8 (A Q » 0*Q *:»! 15Q.* Q 0*° «< ** i£ 2. Q o- «-« 0.5 IS 3 Q. O "* 2t ® f I ag- = Q ;? = '0 ff o of *! to~ 15 O 03 9. OT I O s* co Q *< 3- o I 3 3. Si O o o o I o Q CD _ O S 5O -nO CD (A o o a o C? O. O m veCD «*i pc !< OD » o X so Upper Cretaceous Pliocene Pleistocene and Recent ______A______> ) % ff> 03 o -0 £> - i1 o ^ o § I ^ ? 98 T>c 3 S 3. ja «T (J) Q. Q. § ^ 1 ^ s s iSP ? $ os « S- 2 S i O «<' i: 3 I" S car ta s- 5 Q. ^ ® CD g g 3 =\ ^ - * a U-|a|l 11 o s^ i § » I * 8 * - I Q O - q 3 £- O ^ rt 3C T** "*<~k VO _*. Q. -* ° N § CD y. ua -» 9- O =f Q Q O iQ __ Zl* O O 1 (A 8 ? ^ Q P 3 2T. 3 <0 (A u I s, I o § Q. CO Q. i- 1^ CO I i I f f .J. CRETACEOUS TERTIARY QUATERNARY U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 27 TABLE !. . Table 1. Summary of materials tests (Blank spaces indicate data not available) H- o Location Average Sieve analysis Description of the material 2 Laboratory test data TS thickness *- Classificatior materiathe o TH Pcrcflntposccd '5 «r» . 8 £ Accessibility Geologic formation 200(wash)No. 0 £ o 3Soundness fraction1/4 (S)Township TS° 1 .2>~o £ §^ S 0> | "o 1Overburden *- s^ % g Mortarbed ^ T> « Sandstone Hornblende Magnetite ii cycles)(25 Remarks u (W)Range £ £ .9 * or member 'te o Limestone o Quarzite S-S c Section 0 c 0 Fraction| 14 a. Z °.o £5 0 (feet) a> I s l-£ S a> 8 ° "oS |Caliche a. to 1 1 £ S S 1^ U £ S"5 >..n s '> 0 £a> It 1 ts ? o P a S« > »» fe 0 S 6 1 5 S 0 li s. s ? uS o- E 3 S£ 3S a a. a. to ££ a. z a. z 0 £ 6 (O o * 3 (0 CT u 1 fa I SW 18 6 17 15,000 9 3 Good Sanborn SHCK 2-46 0 2 30 95 3 117 258 32.8 033 C 2O 3O IO 35 5 This and subsequent mineral analyses by USGS-, high percentage of NE NE 24 6 18 4,000 9 1-4 do do do 3 37 96 3 110 2.6 33.4 0.96 fa 2 do 0 F 70 5 25 Tr? Tr Tr Tr chert fragments in coarse fraction. 1-4 SHCK 2-47 C 65 5 5 Tr 10 15 fa 3 NE NW 24 6 18 3,000 6 Fair do USGS 0 1 15 96 F Tr 60 5 2O 10 Tr 5 7 Same location as fa 4 but estimated by augering. fa 4 NW 24 6 18 40,000 3 Good do SHCK 2-46 ! 3 33 93 3 108 2.6 SHCK C Fine-textured material. fo5 NE NW 6 18 1,500 5 2-6 2-47 98 30 do do USGS 0 0 6 F Tr 65 Tr IS 15 Tr Tr 5 30 20 Tr IO fa 6 SW SW 2 6 20 3,000 8 2-4 Fair do C 40 High percentage of soft local limestone and chert fragments in coarse do do 0 2 23 98 F 65 5 25 5 Tr Tr Tr fraction. C 30 5 Tr 5 30 30 fa 7 NW NE 5 6 20 1,500 6 2-6 High percentage of soft local limestone fragments and pebbles of silt Good Terrace deposit do do 0 3 20 99 F Tr 65 5 25 Tr Tr 5 and clay In coarse fraction. C 40 IS IO 5 25 Tr Tr 5 Fairly high percentage of soft local limestone fragments in coarse fa 8 SE SW 0-3 8 7 16 3,000 6 do Sanborn do do 0 3 25 97 F 5 55 5 20 10 Tr 3 fraction. SW 24 2-46 Accepted by SHCI'as filler sand; fine-textured material. fa9 NW 25 7 18 30,000 22 0 Fair Alluvium SHCK 0 0 1 94 2 C 3O 5 10 5 4O IO Fairly high percentage of soft local limestone fragments in coarse falO C 25 7 18 1,500 6 IH5 SHCK 2-47 Good Terrace deposit USGS 0 2 14 98 F Tr 55 5 20 15 Tr 5 fraction. C 50 15 Tr 10 5 Tr 20 High percentage of soft local limestone fragments in coarse fraction. fall II 20 1,000 6 4-6 do Sanborn do do 0 1 8 98 NE NW 8 F 5 60 Tr 20 IO Tr 5 C 25 25 IO 4O Tr Fairly high percentage of chert fragments In coarse fraction; overbur fa 12 SW SW 18 9 18 1-4 do Ogallala do do 0 1 20 97 1,600 6 « F 60 IO 2O Tr 5 5 Tr den is Sanborn formation. Fineaggregate C 3O IO 2O 4O Fairly high percentage of silt and clay pebbles in coarse fraction; 1-2 do 4 98 fa 13 SE SE 15 9 19 8,000 5 do do do 0 30 F 70 Tr 25 5 Tr Tr overburden is Sanborn formation. C SO 5 20 4O 5 Overburden Is Sanborn formation. SE SE 21 9 19 8,000 6 1-3 do do do do 0 3 36 98 fa 14 F 7O 5 25 Tr Tr Tr C 20 5 15 50 10 Overburden is Sanborn formation. 3 1-2 do do 0 3 28 96 fa IS SE NE 23 9 19 1,000 do do F 7O Tr 20 5 Tr Tr Tr 5 i 1-3 C Fine-textured material. fa 16 SE SW 26 9 19 3,000 8 do do do do 0 0 9 98 F 75 5 20 Tr Tr Tr ThicK overburden (Sanborn formation). fa 17 NE 29 9 19 4,000 9 3-9 do do SHCK 2-46 0 4 45 93 4 104 2.57 30.4 0.95 SHCK C Fine-textured material. fa 18 SW SW 19 9 20 1,000 6 2-5 do do 2-47 0 0 5 95 USGS £ 65 5 20 5 Tr 5 fa 19 SE 15 10 17 7,000 5 3 do Sanborn SHCK 2-46 0 2 28 93 no 2.55 C No material retained on No. 4 sieve in USGS sample. fa 20 SW SW 15 10 17 6,500 7 4 do do do do 0 2 32 92 5 F 7O Tr 2O 10 Tr Tr 112 259 34.6 0.96 C 30 10 IO bO 10 12 2-6 do do SHCK 2-47 fa 21 SE SW 10 18 3,000 USGS 0 1 25 99 F 75 5 15 5 Tr C 40 15 IO 30 5 SW 2-4 2-47 fo22 NE 14 10 18 3,000 6 Good Ogallala do 0 1 17 98 F 8O Tr 15 Tr 5 Tr fa23 NE 15 10 18 12,000 10 3 do do SHCK 2-46 0 2 25 93 4 116 2.62 31.6 0.95 T5" 1-3 SHCK 2-47 fa 24 SE NW 21 10 19 10,000 10 Fair do USGS 0 0 23 98 F 65 25 Tr Tr IO 1-4 C 100 Coarse fraction composed entirely of pebbles of silt and clay. fa 25 SW NW 29 10 19 1,000 5 Good do do do 0 3 7 98 F SO 2O IS 5 5 5 1-4 C 6O 5 10 5 15 9 High percentage of soft local limestone fragments in coarse fraction. fa 26 SE SW 32 10 20 4,000 6 do Sanborn do do 0 4 12 99 F 15 55 Tr 15 5 IO Tr Overburden Is Sanborn formation. ma 1 NE 7 6 19 8,000 II 1 do Ogallala SHCK 2-46 1 4 42 93 5 113 2.62 30.8 0.91 SHCK C 10 15 5 IS 55 High percentage of silt and clay pebbles in coarse fraction; 2-4 2-47 40 97 ma 2 NW NW 7 6 19 I,OOO 4 Fair do USGS 7 19 F 45 5 20 IS IO 5 overburden is Sanborn formation. ma 3 NE 13 7 16 10,000 8 3 do Terrace deposit SHCK 2-46 1 6 26 96 3 108 260 26.2 0.81 2-5 C 2O IO IO SO Tr IO Tr High percentage of shale fragments In coarse fraction. ma 4 NE SE 13 7 17 4,000 10 Good do do do 1 5 35 96 2 F 10 40 2O 10 Tr 15 Tr 5 4-6 SHCK 2-47 C 6O IO 5 IO 10 5 High percentage of soft local limestone fragments in coarse ma 5 NW NE 19 7 17 12,000 12 do do USGS 0 6 23 99 F 5 55 5 20 5 10 fraction; fairly thick overburden. ma 6 NW 30 7 17 10,000 8 o-i Fair do SHCK 2-46 2 6 25 98 1 106 2.61 336 0.79 Mixedaggregate ma 7 si SW 24 7 18 6,000 8 2 Good Alluvium do do 2 6 28 97 2 1 12 2.62 36.0 0.78 ma 8 SE 30 7 18 12,000 II 0 Fair do do do 2 5 27 98 1 110 2.62 31.8 0.77 2-4 SHCK 2-47 C 5 5 9O High percentage of silt and clay pebbles in coarse fraction; over ma9 SE SW 4 7 20 2,500 9 Good Ogallala USGS 0 9 24 98 F SO 5 2O 15 5 5 burden Is Sanborn formation. malO NW 4 8 19 15,000 10 0 Fa'ir Terrace deposit SHCK 2-46 2 4 26 98 1 109 2.84 38.0 0.87 C 60 15 Tr 5 IS b High percentage of local limestone fragments in coarse fraction. mall NW NW 1 8 20 16,000 7 1 Good do do do 4 8 33 96 2 F 5 60 IS 10 5 5 110 257 38.0 0.85 ma!2 NW 8 8 20 15,000 10 0 do do do do 2 4 32 98 1 110 2.57 30.6 0.58 ma 13 NW 25 9 20 8,000 9 4 do Sonborn do do 1 4 43 94 3 113 2.6 28.2 0.98 SHCK C 2O IO 5 20 45 Tr / 1-3 Ogallala 2-47 98 High percentage of silt and clay pebbles in coarse fraction. ma 14 SW NW 8 10 19 1,000 4 do USGS 0 6 16 F 6O 5 2O 5 5 Tr 5 C Tr 25 25 5 3O 5 5 Tr Fairly high percentage of chert fragments in coarse fraction. 17 3-5 do do do do 6 1! 47 99 Tt ma IS NE NE 8 10 20 15,000 F Tr 70 5 2O Tr 5 C 35 25 15 5 5 IS Fairly high percentage of chert fragments in coarse fraction. 2-4 do do 98 ma 16 SW SW 9 10 20 10,000 8 do do 0 5 47 F 60 5 2O 5 5 5 Av. cementation lOO+jov. slaking 3O+ min. igl SE 31 7 18 10,000 4 1 Fair Sanborn SHCK 2-46 9 27 52 70 25 54.4 Av. cementation IOO-»-,av. slaking 15 min. Ig2 NW NE 35 7 18 40,000 4 1-8 Good do do do 6 20 44 74. 23 Q> > Av. cementation IOO-h,av. slaking 25 min. O Ig3 SE 19 8 17 15,000 6 3 do do do do 9 25 53 72 23 &_ o> Av. cementation lOO-tjov. slaking 2 2 min. a> - c Ig4 NE 12 8 18 6,000 6 1 Fair do do do 6 20 45 63 30 In Av. cementation IOO+;ov. staking 27 min. a> IgS SW 12 8 18 12,000 5 4 Good do do do 12 24 44 70 25 53.5 E Av. cementation IOO+; av. slaking 21 min. Ll Ig6 SE 13 10 16 6,000 7 1-2 do Terrace deposit do do 6 23 52 70 25 Av. cementation IOO-h,av. slaking 30t- min. Ig7 SW 15 10 16 8,000 10 4 Fair Sanborn do do 15 30 55 70 26 1-10 SHCK 2-47 White, clean, powdery, non-calcareous. val SW SW 18 7 18 5,000 15 Good do USGS 0 4 65 0-4 Light gray, silty, slightly cemerted with lime. % va2 SW SW 14 9 20 4,000 6 do do do do 0 8 50 a .u do va3 NW NW 22 9 20 7,000 20 0-5 do do do do 0 6 55 0-2 do 1 va4 NW NW 8 10 16 1,000 do do do do 0 10 60 Tan, somewhat silty. va5 SW NW 15 10 17 1,500 2 0-4 do do do do 0 20 50 Qt- 0-2 9-45 Chemical composition (percent): Si02, 96.5-. AlaO,, O.78; Fe 2 O3, O.32-, CaO, O.44; MgO,O.O6* 239 Deval abrasion loss, 8 percent; soundness, 0.77 percent loss after zite ql NW NW 10 6 19 3,500 5 Fair Ogallala CE undetermined, O.58-, soluble in HCT acid, 5.107 2 3 5 freeze-and-thaw cycles. i 1. SHCK, State Highway Commission of Kansas. SHCK and USGS, sieve analysis and laboratory tests by State Highway Commission of Kansas; sample collection and description of material by U S. Geological Survey. CE, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army. 2. C, coarse fraction, retained on No. 4 sieve; F, fine fraction, passed through No. 4 sieve-, Tr, trace. 3. Loss ratio. Circular 27 Rooks county, Kansas