III.

NOTE EOCF SO K SCULPTUBING F CUPvCONCENTRID O S AN S C RINGS, AN DWITCH'E "TH S STON TORMAIEN "O N HILL; ALS SOMF OO K EARLY REMAIN E KAIMETH N SO HILL, &c.; NEAK , EDIN- BURGHSHIRE. BY JOHN ALEXANDER SMITH, M.D., V.-P. S. A. SCOT.

Rock Sculpturings on Tormain Hill.—Last summer, by the polite invitatio Jamer M f sno Melvin, Bonnington, Eatho I ,accompanie m dhi and a friend to examine the sculptured markings which I have now to bring under the notice of the Society. These rock sculpturings were foun removinn do shalloe gth w soi r turo l f summie froth roce mth n ko t of Tormain Hill, which is partly included in Mr Melvin's farm of Bon- nington, and partly in the adjoining property of Hatton. Tormain is a low hill, with long sloping sides on the west and north, and is more abrupt to the east and south; it rises to a height of 480 feet above the seae leveth . f o l Looking from alon e widgth e e valleth o yt westward, two short, steep, and abrupt hills are seen rising up on its southern side, somewhat in front of the Pentland range of hills ; these pro- minen well-knowe t th hill e sar n Dalmaho d Kaimeyan s hills, which rise to a height of 800 feet above the sea-level. Now, about two miles in Kaimee fronth f o t s northe Hillth o ,t , ther loweee riseth p rs u eminenc f eo this Tormai e nvercountry w th Hilly lo n o bordere , th ; f o indeeds , it is the most prominent object in the district to the west of Corstorplnne Hill on the north, and the Hill on the south, until we reach the Bathgate Hills or Binny Craig, in Linlithgowshire to the west. 2 14 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F SO , MARC , 1873H10 .

Fro summie mth f Tormaio t n Hilr MelviM l n inform thae m s t portions leso n f s than twelve countie fina seee b n eno y clea sma r day. The rock of which the hill is composed is a coarse-grained greenstone, familiar to us from a great part of the streets of Edinburgh being cause- wayed with it, for which purpose, however, it has now been found not to be perfectly suitable, from the unequal manner in which it wears when expose e e actioweatheth th f o d t mucdno an r h carriage traffice Th . groups of cup and circle cuttings (of which a few diagrams were exhibited) belong to the same series of rock sculpturings which have been found in so many different countrye partth f so hav d ,an e bee fullo ns y detailey db late th e Professo r JameSi r . SimpsonsY , s Bart.elaborathi n i , e memoir published in the Proceedings of the Society for 1864-65. They occur on this hill cut on the surface of the natural rock, where it has been exposed on the summit of the hill, and although they are not deeply cut, being pro- bably smoothed a good deal by time and weather, still they appear to be decidedly different in their character from the ordinary unequal surface caused by simple weathering, and to be due, like the many other examples described artificiao t , l rock cuttings, probabl a comparativel f o y y early period. Mr Melvin has been long cognisant of the existence here of the cup-like depressionss onlwa y t i afte t a visir bu , t fror JameSi m . sY Simpson, when preparin s memoighi r already referre , tha Melvir dto M t n discovere additionae dth l ring r circulao s r cuttings e t owhicth ncu e har hardest and most enduring portions of the rock. Sir James was to have returne examino dt e them-jus tseizes beforwa de h ewit fatalass d hhi an t l illness I hav. e now, therefore, brought them unde e notice th th r f eo Society, as an addition to those described by him in his memoir. This group of rock sculpturings consists of cups and circles, several cups with morr o o e circletw s surrounding them—one cup, indeed s fouha , r concen- tric circles, and a little below this there is a group of three cup-like hollows near the highest summit of the hill; this last has, however, been e officiale Governmenth th y f b o s y da tn Ordnancow r altereou en i d Survey combining them intfiguree o on drawin y b , thei p cu r go t frop mcu well-know characteristid nan c Queen'e marth f ko s " broad arrow." Mr Melvin tells me he has examined the tops of all the other rocky eminence districs hi tracer n si rind fo t an thesf g so p markingsecu s a t ,bu t withouye succesy tan sonl; thinkse yh thoss a , Tormain eo n Hil lono ls g NOTES ON HOCK SCULPTURES, CUPS, ETC. 143

escaped notice, other exis y hare somn th sma o t d f eo whinston e summits, though still it may he lying hid under their covering of thin earth and adhering lichens. It adds considerably to the interest attached to those old rock cuttings on Tormain Hill to find in the vicinity, as I shall immediately describe, traces olarga f earld ean y occupatio districte th f no . Several querns have been found upo e hil e nploughth ] th turney b ,p du brokew anfe da n piece stile sar l lying about.

The " Witch's Stone."— north-wesOne th t slop f thieo s same Tormain Hill, about 200 yards below its summit and at an elevation of 435 feet above the sea, lies the large mass or group of stones which has long been known by the name of " The Witch's Stone." It consists now of a large sloping cap-like mass of greenstone, measuring 11 feet in greatest length, by 10 feet or so in breadth across the top, about 2 feet 3 inche depthn si aboud an fee,3 circumference3 n ti t . Alon greatese gth t e lengtuppeth f o hr surfac f thio e s large sloping stona e t thercu s i e regular series of twenty-three shallow cup-like depressions. This large cap-stone rests apparentl n threo y e block o othe f tw stoneo sr d an , smaller portions have falle t froou nm belo highese n fronti th wt t i a , t masse th en f do ; which measures there abou fee8 t n heighti t . Below these different portion f stono s e there appearlarga e b e o foundationt s - stone underlying them all. Indeed, lookin e stone wholea th s t a ga s , they suggest the probability of this great mass being, or rather having been large on ,e bloc stonef ko , y weatherinwhicb s hha g separated into three beds, the upper or cap-stone, the middle bed with the broken por- tions of rock now fallen from it, and the lowest bed the foundation-like stone below whole Th forme.kins e e i f rockon d o wer f d d o piecee ,an eth s middle th replacedf d o tha ebe d t en solie hav e th , dth e f masfalleo t snou woul agaie db n complete I fear. , however, there would roo o then me nb for an interior chamber of any kind, and the conviction is rather unwill- ingly forced upon you, that instead of being a cromlech, as it has been described, it is simply a very large boulder-stone which has begun to fall o piecet s unde e long-continueth r d influenc y e weatherth ma f o I e . mention thaMelvir M t n agree sthi n witi se hopinionm . r DanieD l Wilson was I believe, describeo e firsth , wh t figured an d d this mass of rock as a cromlech, in his valuable " Prehistoric Annals of 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 10, 1873.

Scotland;" but even he was apparently moved to this more by the fact cupf o r hollow so w e existenc oro th ft alone cu s th s surfacef git eo , sug- gesting the hand of man on it, than by the appearance of the stones them- selves. He says, in the first edition of his valuable work, were it not for the remarkable line of perforations along the centre of the cap-stone, the whole might have been ascribe naturaa o dt l origin. Looking. J int r oSi Y. Simpson's memoir'"On Ancient Sculpturings," &c, published in our Proceedings, vol. vi., 1864-66, I find that although he has there figured "Witch'e "Th s Ston cromleca e s "a n Plathi e IX. adde h s , notsa hi o et sincs description,ha ee visiteh y sa do t -thi s grou stonesf po altogethed ,an r doubts their being a cromlech, but considers them to be either a large boulde outcron a e greenston r th o r f po e roc . 22)k(p . r JameSi s give followine sth g detailed descriptio e cup-cuttingth f no s osurfacs nit e :— uppes "It r surfac sculptures eha d alon medias git n linea long row of some twenty-two cup-cuttings, and two more cup-cuttings are placed laterallys it t a , one d e centraan ,th hal lefe w f o th footro a fl o t t base; the other, two feet to the right of the tenth central cup, and near the edge of the block. The largest of the cups are about three inches in diameter hal d incn a an f, depth n hi t mosbu ;f the o tsmalle e mar d an r shallower than this." This great stone is, however, of much interest from this series of cup- cuttings on its surface, and its being in the immediate neighbourhood of those sculpturings on the rock in situ at the top of the hill, which I have just described. Juln I y 186 summes friend hi 9I paiol n di n visida a r o quartert t n si North Wales, and as the district was new to me, I visited with great pleasur eobjecte mosth f f interes o te o svicinityvillag e th th t n i tA e . of Bettws-y-Coe mucs wa hdI struck wit seriecirclha d an f deeeso p cu p cuttings spread irregularly over the surface of the large natural rock which rises from the bed of the river, just above the bridge. Eeturning shortly afterwards to the village of Llanfairfechan, on the northern coast of Caernarvonshire, I strolled along a footpath on the high bank e streamoth f , overlookin e picturesquth g d villageol e , lying almosd hi t from view, and away from the lower and new series of houses and modere villath f so n villag f Llanfairfechano e , nea e sea-shoreth r . Here I stumbled on a large rounded boulder-stone which had a long series of NOTES ON ROCK SCULPTURES, CUPS, ETC. 145

cups cut along its surface, in the line of the greatest diameter of the stone, and eac thesf ho e distinc a cup d sha t channel connecting the l togethermal . e cupTh s themselves were, however, deepe d moran r e cylindrican i l characte seed ha nr I thaelsewherey nan I haile. a dpassin g villager, and aske coule h f di d telanythine m l g ahout these curious rock cuttings. He knew them well: it was old, he said, and was a " stone gun;" it had been las tyear w neighusea fe f so da beforen - so e ,th fire s when wa do t ni bouring proprietor coming of age. The plan of firing it was this—a charge of powder was placed in each of the deep cups, which were then firmly rammed dow r stoppeno d above a trai, f powdeo n s lain i dwa r the connecting grooves between each, and at the proper time a light traie th nf o fire volleyd e dth en applie e ;th whico dt h coul repeatede db , of course, as often as required. The villagers were quarrymen, working and blasting the rock in the adjoining stone quarries, and the stone gun seemed a simple way to them of firing a feu de joie or salute, when occasion calle sucr dfo hdemonstration a a lesso s f cautioo nwa t I o .t n me not to be led away by appearances, without investigating as far as possibl circumstancee th l eal s connected wit objecy han t apparentl rudf yo e antiquity Societye Th . trustI , , will pardon this digression, suggestey db Witch'e "Th s Stone, f sculptureo "w witro s hit d cups alon roundes git d summit: these latter, however, are more shallow depressions, and their use or meaning, like the other rude cup and circle markings, if anything more, than apparentlt universabu l al n lya styl simplf eo e early ornament among men of almost every clime,—I fear, remains still to be explained. The name of " The Witch's Stone " is not an uncommon designation of other large or remarkable boulder-stones in different parts of the country. Mr Melvin, at my request, since this paper was read, has made a more careful examination of " The Witch's Stone," by digging under its lowest slab or foundation-stone, to see whether it was an outcrop of the rock of the hill itself simplr o , verya y large errati boulder-stoner co nowm a ,I . therefore, able to give a more definite statement on the subject. Mr Melvin write :—e m s"I satisfie d myself Witch' e thaTh ' t s Stonea s i ' boulder, and is not quite the same rock as that of the hill (I send you a portion of each) ; the difference is apparent." [This difference has been since considered due to weathering, and the stone at least resembles that of e hill.th ] " Besides undeg lowee du th rI , r portio solefounr d no an ,t di K VOL. x, PART i. 6 14 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F SO , MARC , 1873H10 .

to resuppee driftn th to r ro , boulder-clay, over three-fourth lengts it f so h ; the other fourth rests on the rock of the hill. The lower block of stone, which is flat above, is, however, irregularly, but much rounded off below the surfaces smooti d an ,h wher embeddes i t e i clae driftr th yo I n di . coul t s beeobservdno ba n t striay i groun et an r grooving eo bu , dit n o s roun rubbing.y db " This large mas greenstonf so , thereforeeis , beyon l doubt dmeral a t eno , outcrop of the rock of the hill itself, but from the shape, and relations of its under surface, is probably a travelled boulder; and if it does not belong to the hill itself, there is plenty of very similar greenstone rock to the westward, from which it might have come, and all the more likely, perhaps, from its being left stranded, as it were, on the north-west face of this Tormain Hill. I asked Mr Melvin to give me some idea of the weight of this mass of stone, supposin havo t t gi e bee nsingla e boulder therefore h d an , e goes on to say :—" The block, when laid where it is, must have weighed about seventy tons. At .present it consists of six pieces, all of which fit into one another d havan , e falley nma asundep e weatherto th e y b rTh . weigh fifteen tons e maith ; n side support, twenty tons e smalon , l sup- port, three tons, two pieces which have fallen out, three and four tons respectively (these last hav l stone)belongee eal th middle f o th ;d o dt e be while the sole seems, so far as we traced it, to be of larger dimensions than the top, say twenty tons ;—in all, say sixty-five tons. Another block has, however, probably fallen away from the north face of the stone, and has been removed; to all appearance it would be in two or three pieces, havy ma e weighed an d other fiv assumy e ma tontha o e weighs e eth • sw t; t whole oth f e stone masth havf o et so e been about sevente yth tonsf O . locality from which it has come I am not certain. One block, equally large, t mucbu hclaye sunth I remove,n ki d fro fare mStarlawf th m o , whics hi eight miles to the south-west (two miles east from Bathgate), it was of very muc same hth e variet greenstonef yo musd ,an t have come from some th f eo outbursts of rock further west. I think it resembles closely some of those Linlithgowshire traps westwards of where they smell so strongly when rubbed. Another boulder-ston f eveeo largena r r s brokesizfo ewa p u n building purposes by my father some sixty years ago, on the farm of Eatho Mains, one mile east of this hill." NOTE KOCN SO K SCULPTURES7 ,14 CUPS, ETC. Mr Melvin informe fielth de wherm s e this "Witch's Stone" s lieha s long been designated " Knock-about," which may probably suggest the early Gaelic name connected with this great stone or cnoe, meaning a rock or knoll. The name of the hill itself, Tormain, suggests possibly an olde d Britisan r h origi d etymolognan similaa f yo r kind, and, indeed, very little change de presen eveth t na t day,—-Tor-maen— e Hilf "Th o l the Stone," being probably the ancient British descriptive name of this locality, referrin e presencth o t gf thi o e s great stone e prominenth , t characte hillside f whico rth hav y n o heema suggeste t thada t early date distinctive th e appellatio hile th l r itselfnfo . The Stancross.— o greaAtn t distance r MelviM , n inform , fromme s fielWitch'e e f "th do Th s Stone," another enclosur e south-easth o et s i t designated " The Stancross," and here an upright block of sandstone, which stands 5 feet in height above the ground, and has been used as a gate- post, has cut on its face a long-shaped rectangular cross about 3 feet 6 inches long, of which Mr Melvin has since kindly sent me a rubbing. The cross is well defined on the stone by a groove or border of an inch or two in breadth round its margin. The head and foot of the cross taper slightly, becoming narrower towards the transverse arms, which sprint ga about 18 inches from the top, and also taper or expand gently outwards on each side to a length of about 8 inches, and at their junction with the stem or uprigh tcrose parusuath e f sth o tt ther l curvcu s ei circular eo r rounded hollow which is common on crosses of a considerable antiquity. The name t unknowfielgivecrose e bu th stateth s d i l oldse o nd t al b itsel ,s an do t n fwa resideny e tneighbourhoodan oth n i t , although som f the o ebeed mha n born and lived there for eighty years, a wall having been built, and hid the cross. They could not tell why the field had got the peculiar name. Although of very considerable antiquity, this rude stone cross belongs, of course a comparativel o t , y recent dat s comparea e d wit e othehth r remains of early antiquities which I have attempted to describe.

The Kempfiat.—Another greao fieln t tda distanc wese th styles i to et d the " Kempflat," where the remains of what may have been an ancient earthen dyke or rampart are still to be traced. Mr Melvin writes me :— " The earthen mound is placed on the summit of a sharp greenstone ridge, abou chain2 1 t lengthn si , varying fro fee8 m fee4 n height o i tt t d an , 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 10, 1873.

fee4 fro 1 fee 0 t mo e 1 basehroat t th t ,d a taperin g up fee.t 8 feeo 6 r to t on the top. It seems to have suffered little change for many generations, as the turf covering is thick and old, while the trees with which it had been planted have preserved it for nearly a century."

The Kaimes Hill.—The rock sculpturing Tormain o s n Hile notar l , however, the only remains of early antiquities in this locality, for, as already referre , therdto e rises e soutlittla ,th f Tormaio eht o n Hille th , well-known Kaimes feeHill0 heigha 80 to t , f above o t e leveth th ef o l sea whicn o , hcama lon s describeo pwa gag existings dfollowina e th d ,an g description of it is published in vol. i. of the " New Statistical Account of ," Edinburgh, 1845, in the description of the parish of Eatho, Edinburghshire Eeve th y . b ,Jame s Clason, &c., unde date f th r1839e o . He describes the South Platt Hill at Eatho Hall, in the northern part of parishe th havins a , g been formerl ancienn a site f yth eo t encampment:— "The Kaimes Hill, which is in view of this part, is the site of another en- campmen similaf o t r construction apparentld ,an same th f e ythio f eraO s. encampmen e remainth t visiblee space sar Th e. occupie s aboui t i y tdb three acres in extent, and includes the summit, with a considerable part eastere oth f n declivity aree s surroundedTh ai . a doubl y b e fossd an e rampart, founded in one place with stones and black earth, except on the north side, wher precipitouo roce s eth s i k foro t itself s mso a sufficiena f t defence. The access to the camp is from the east, two large stones still marking the place of entrance. On the very summit of the hill there is a cairn of stones, concave in the centre, which is covered with turf greener than the ground around it. Toward the north-east, in a- small valley immediately under the brow of the hill, there are to be seen at least ten circles formed with stones, indented or laid in the ground. These, which armosl e withi defencese al th th linte n i nshelteref th e o d an , d placf eo encampmente th t improbablyno e ar , e remainth f hutsso , e raiseth r dfo purpose of accommodating the sick and wounded during the period of the hill's occupation t theiA . r extremit s ystili a springl ,o n whic s wa h doubt of use to the 'army generally, and might, in conjunction with the shelteredness of the position, afford a strong motive for such erections in this particular e appearancspotTh .e groun th f o n esomi d f theso e e stonee th f o scircles beinw fe a g, covered wit a hric h mosd bearinan s g NOTE ROCN SO K SCULPTURES9 , GUPS14 , ETC. some stalks of stunted nettles, renders it possible that some bodies may be here interred. It might contribute to the advancement of antiquarian lor f somei thesf eo e circleexaminedd an ssituatiop e u wer Th g .e du f no this encampment, by whomsoever occupied, must have been a place of considerable strength and of great utility, commanding as it does an exten- sive prospec sidesl al consequentl d n ,to an liabldanget e yth no o esuddet f ro n surprise. . 92.r Claso(P M ") n follows Chalmer s " hi Caledonia, n i s " in the suggestion that the name of the parish of Batho is apparently nearl ye Britisallieth o t dh Eath e r Eathae pluralo th , th d n i uan , connectee Celtib t no c t Eathi dy witma ; h som thosf eo e ancient artificial work defendes whicy sb wa t hi d ? More recentl bees ha n t y i marke n do e Ordnancth e countth e f Surveo y p tha yMa a Fort t exists heree th ; cairn already referred to is also figured in the fort. I walked over the Kaimes Hill along with Mr Melvin and friend, and foun t mordi e interesting than eithe thesf o r e notices would suggestt I . appears, indeed, to have been probably the site of an early British occu- patio considerablf no e importance probabls wa d an ,ytow a n corresponding to other ancient sites which occu differenn i r t countrye partth e f so Th . Kaimes Hill is very steep towards the north and west, but less so in the other direction eass it tn tracstilsido n u remain e s; ca elyo eth f threo s e line stonf so e wall rampartsr so , through whica serie e f entrancar ho s e openings or gates, and the ramparts still in part surround the hill, being especially distinct to the east and south. One of these entrances leads to a natural shelf neauppee th r r par f tho e tnorth efrons th it hil o n t t,lo where you find the remains of a rampart running along the brow of the hill, and on this natural shelf itself are to be seen traces of some fourteen or more hut circles, varying from 18 to 30 feet in diameter. A fine spring of water rises towards the western extremity of this shelf, and runs down hille side th f .th eo Abov t eleasa thi e ts se traceshelu f otheyo fo s r wall r rampartt circleso s hu d ,an s generall y taking advantage th f o e various heights and hollows over the top and round the brow of the hill, perhape extenth f somo o t st e eightee r twento n y mor t circleshu e , which are more or less distinctly indicated. Mr Melvin informs me the whole upper part of the hill is composed, he conceived, of columnar close- grained basalt, though he finds it has more lately been described as green- stone, by Professor Geikie. This rock is lying above sandstone strata which 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 10, 1873.

dip to the south. Mr Melvin says the surface of the hill has never been under the plough, nothing having ever been attempted there in the way of cultivation d littlan , e chang therefors ha e e come ove t sincri firse eh t knew the locality, now some forty years ago. The walls round the hill- top for mparallelograma , rounde e cornersth t da f abouo , 4 chain1 t n i s length from east to west, by about 6 chains from north to south, and e spacth e enclose y amounma d o about t acrese 8 actuat Th . l space now occupied by the hut circles is, however, much less. The fine spring of water already referre riseo dt s abou e e centrnortth th t f ho e walf o l the enclosure. Probably the existence of this spring had much to do wit selectioe hth f thino s commandin d elevatean g d placa spo s f a teo residenc d securityan e e closelTh . y adjoining eminenc f Dalmahoo e y Hill, to the east, which is about the same height and of a similar cha- racter thereford an , e fro s abruptnesmit s could have apparently been even more easily defended sprino n s s watesummif git o ha , n o rr sides o t d an , Mr Melvin t showi tell e early tracesm o sn an yf so remains Melvir M . n also inform tha e stonee sm th t s formind line ol f defenc e o se th gth f o e Kaimes Hill are chiefly whinstone boulders; some, however, are angular, as if they had been quarried, while a few sandstone blocks . occur among them, and still fewer, any of the travelled older rocks of the district. Advantag bees eha n take severan i l place depressionf so rocke th o n st si t aicirclee lin df hu th defence e o chiefl e ar s Th e yspot. th see n si n most sheltered from the south-west winds. The floors of the hut circles are covere abouy db fooa t f soilappeao d t an , t soma r e place f i the s sa y had been flagged or roughly paved with thin stones, generally in those very partially examined by us, of sandstone, which in some places seemed shoo t w mark beinf so g blackened, possibl firey yb .

Standing Stone t Lochend,a $c.—There e othear r early antiquities still remaining in this district, especially in the valley of the Almond e northerth rivern O n. bordeparise th f f Rathoho ro t Nortona , , there is a standing stone five feet high. In the adjoining parish of Kirk- liston, abou norte mileo th tw f tTormai o ho st n Hill quartea , mila f ero from the Almond, and a little to the west of the farm-house of .Lochend, soute onth Edinburge h th sid f eo Bathgatd han e road aboud an , t eight miles from Edinburgh, there is another large standing stone, also of coarse NOTES ON KOCK SCULPTURES, CUPS, ETC. 151 greenstone t I bear .inscriptioo n s r sculpturinno kindy d an an ,f o g measures about 10 feet in height from the surface of the ground. TumulttsListon.—d Ol t a Immediately e wes th f Lochend, o o tt just Listond referreOl t a , , therd to tumulusa s ei , apparentl earthf yo , stilf o l a considerable size, whic alse how visited t lieI sout e littls.a th f ho eo t the Edinburgh and Bathgate road, and is now enclosed by a low wall; this enclosure measures about 31 yards in diameter. Three large standing stones still retain their old position, as part, probably, of a stone circle whic formerld hha y enclosed this tumulu moundr o s t soma , e considerable distance from its present circumference. One of these stones, a large unhewn greenstone block, abou fee8 t t high , e north-wesstandth n o s t e moundoth f ; another block, abou 7 feet t a correspondinhigh n o , g positio e south-westth o nt ; whil thire eth d rises ease otth ie t th sid f o e tumulus. These blocks are all of greenstone, which is believed to resemble that of the Kaimes Hill, some five miles distant, but where the rock is osomewhaa f t columnar character thereford ,an e could have been obtained without difficulty in large monumental-like masses. Dr Daniel Wilson, in the chapter on Sepulchral Memorials of his " Pre- historic Annals of Scotland," refers to this tumulus ; he states that—" In a large encircled barrow, called Huly Hill, opened in 1830, at Old Liston, e wes milef th Edinburghw o to fe t s a a bronz, e spear-hea founds dwa , along wit hheaa f animapo l charcoa d smalan l l fragment f boneso s t bu , neither urn.cisr no tI quot" e fro firse mth t editio 1851f no . Froe mth slight details given, I should suppose that the examination of the tumulus had not been very minute, and that it still remains ready to reward the careful explorer with fuller detail s long-burieit f so d contents.