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Tapol Bulletin No, 169/170, January/February 2003

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Tapol Bulletin No, 169/170, January/February 2003 Tapol bulletin no, 169/170, January/February 2003 This is the Published version of the following publication UNSPECIFIED (2003) Tapol bulletin no, 169/170, January/February 2003. Tapol bulletin (169). pp. 1-32. ISSN 1356-1154 The publisher’s official version can be found at Note that access to this version may require subscription. Downloaded from VU Research Repository https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25968/ ISSN 1356-1154 The Indonesia Human Rights Campaign TAPOL Bulletin No. 169/170 January/February 2003 A step towards peace in Aceh An agreement on the cessation of hostilities signed by the Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement in December is a major step towards peace and a just political solution for the conflict in Aceh. The signing of the agreement has already helped to improve the situation in Aceh where armed clashes between the two forces have declined significantly in recent weeks. However, difficulties could emerge in the weeks and months ahead. The agreement was signed on 9 December 2002. The two Ralph Boyce said: 'We are here to celebrate and honour the delegations had shown the necessary political will to reach signing of the cessation of hostilities agreement..... Our an agreement. In addition, political forces around the world, work and our support will be, of course, dependent on the including the US, the UK, France, the Scandinavian coun­ security environment'. The Japanese ambassador Yutaka tries, Japan and Switzerland were actively involved in the Limura said: 'Peace in Aceh is like a new born baby. All process, as well as the European Union, the UN and the sides, including us, must look after this baby'. Two key World Bank. The accord has certainly put the Aceh ques­ ministers accompanied the ambassadors, the Co-ordinating tion onto the international agenda. Minister for Security and Political Affairs Susilo Bambang So far the peace accord has had a favourable impact on the situation in Aceh. In many parts of the region, armed ACEH clashes have declined and Free Aceh Movement (GAM) A step towards peace p 1 units have returned to their bases. In its first report issued a Foreign tourists sentenced p 15 few weeks after the agreement, the Joint Security Council ANTI-TERRORISM (JSC), the body charged with implementing the accord and The Bali blast and beyond p 4 monitoring the situation on the ground reported a signifi­ Anti-terrorism decr~e p 9 cant decrease in the number of civilian fatalities. Whereas HUMAN RIGHTS during the first eleven months of 2002, there were on aver­ Tanjung Priok massacre: will justice be done? p 11 age 87 deaths a month, in the weeks following the accord, the figure was down to eleven. 1965-1966 massacre to be investigated p29- In some places GAM units even have invited their adver­ MALUKU ~aries, the security troops, to join them in traditional festiv­ Kopassus and the Maluku crisis p 17 ities which would have been unthinkable a few months ago. EASTTIMOR However, for nearly three decades Aceh has been a war No justice for East Timor p20 zone and it will take a lot of time and effort to restore a WEST PAPUA sense of peace and security for its people. More Kopassus crimes in West Papua p22 A week before the accord was signed in Geneva, a confer­ BP in West Papua p25 ence on Aceh was held in Tokyo. The Preparatory Solidarity for West Papua is growing p27 Conference on Peace and Reconstruction focussed attention Creating a zone of peace in West Papua p32 on economic developments in Aceh. The objective of the LABOUR meeting, which was also attended by the Indonesian government and GAM, was to make clear the determination Unemployment threatens millions p26 of the international community to provide economic assis­ BOOK REVIEW tance to a secure and peaceful Aceh. The World Bank has John Saltford: The UN and West Papua p30 recently sent four teams to Aceh to assess basic needs in OBITUARY order to tackle the economic, social and governmental Sulami, a wonderful woman p 13 needs of the region. PLEASE ACCEPT OUR APOLOGIES FOR THE LATE On 14 January, the ambassadors of the US, Japan and Italy PUBLICATION OF THIS EDITION. (representing the EU) visited Banda Aceh in a further display of support for the peace agreement. US ambassador ACEH I Yudhoyono and the Minister of Trade and Industry Rini There has been significant international pressure on Suwandi. It was Yudhoyono, a retired general and the most Jakarta for the talks to succeed, while the governments senior minister in Megawati's government, who played a involved have invariably reiterated support for Indonesia's key role in the negotiations with GAM in Geneva. territorial integrity, which cuts across GAM's ultimate aim of independence from Indonesia. International pressure on The HDC's crucial role GAM also intensified, along with a demand that they accept The body which facilitated the accord was the HDC, the NAD, the special autonomy status offered by Jakarta. This Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, more commonly known is something that GAM has certainly not done. as the Henri Dunant Centre. Often criticised in the past for In late October 2002, the two sides prepared drafts which being unprofessional and slow to act, the HDC was were far apart on many issues. The Indonesian draft made it confronted with what looked like an impossible task. It is clear that GAM would have to accept NAD, which meant indeed rare for negotiations of a conflict of this magnitude virtual surrender. In early November, the talks seemed to be to be facilitated by an NGO but the HDC successfully going nowhere and were on the brink of collapse. GAM achieved an important step on the road to peace in Aceh. demanded more time to confer with representatives of When negotiations first started two years ago, Acehnese Acehnese civil society. The HDC complied with this request and two delegations representing different strands of civil society were invited to Geneva. A new round of talks was held and on this occasion, the two sides were able to reach agreement. The first paragraph of the accord reads as follows: On the basis of the NAD Law as a starting point, as discussed on 2-3 February 2002, (leading to) a democratic all-inclusive dialogue involving all elements of Acehnese society that will be facilitated by the HDC in Aceh. This process will seek to review elements of the NAD Law through the expression of the views of the Acehnese people in a free and safe manner. This will lead to the election of a democratic government in Aceh, Indonesia. The wording is somewhat disjointed but includes essential elements for a solution, needing to be fleshed out. Demo in Banda Aceh supporting the implementation of the Possible stumbling blocks cessation of hostilities. The accord is the result of compromise and is only the first step on the road towards the resolution of the conflict in people were very enthusiastic and expected quick results Aceh. There is no denying that major problems could but when this failed to materialise, they became disheart­ emerge. First and foremost is the fact that there is a huge ened. But the new accord has been met with great enthusi­ discrepancy between the political will of the Jakarta asm and there is a sense of huge relief that for now at least, government which negotiated the accord and the military the atmosphere is more peaceful and people can go about and police who operate in Aceh. their daily business without fear. Some of the structures One of the most contentious issues is the withdrawal of provided for in earlier agreements to secure the involve­ Indonesian troops and the storage (or de-commissioning) of ment of Acehnese civil society barely functioned because of GAM's weapons, arms and ordinance in designated places. the negative attitude of TNI/POLRI, the Indonesian security The accord avoids using that term 'withdrawal' with regard forces and police. They have always seen the HDC as an to the security forces in Aceh and speaks instead of 'reloca­ interfering intruder and have obstructed their work as much tion'. The TNI is not likely to allow its troops to leave Aceh, as possible. Back in July 2001, for example, the police if only on the basis that the army's territorial system arrested four members of the GAM negotiating team, which requires their continued preserice. 'Relocation' can be inter­ was a very serious breach of faith and a deliberate attempt preted as meaning something quite different. to sabotage the talks. The accord states that within three months, TNI troops The first two years of negotiations were indeed difficult should be 'relocated'. There are estimated to be 28,000 TNI and it was only thanks to the patience and persistence of the troops stationed in Aceh and as yet, there are no signs of any HDC staff and the GAM negotiators who, for security of them departing. The storage of weapons by GAM is reasons, stayed at the same hotel as the HDC personnel, that required to happen simultaneously and GAM Foreign things began to pay off. In the meantime international Minister Dr Zaini Abdullah has made it clear that this will support for the HDC continued to be strong with financial be contingent on what happens regarding the 'relocation' of support coming from Norway and the US. Indonesian troops. Gradually the HDC managed to give the negotiations a Other contentious issues like the holding of democratic stronger international dimension by securing the involve­ elections and the setting up of an All Inclusive Dialogue ment of four senior politicians from other countries.
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