DOCSLIB.ORG

Notes on Some Tropical Octocorals at the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Notes on Some Tropical Octocorals at the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013 61(1): 7–11 Date of Publication: 28 Feb.2013 © National University of Singapore NOTES ON SOME TROPICAL OCTOCORALS AT THE ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM, UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK (CNIDARIA: OCTOCORALLIA) Y. Benayahu Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. — The reef-dwelling octocorals at the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, were studied and revised. All specimens of the families Helioporidae, Clavulariidae, Alcyoniidae, Xeniidae and Briareidae were examined. This yielded 26 species including 13 new zoogeographical records for a variety of Indo-West-Pacifi c regions. The fi ndings indicate the bio-geographical importance of this collection, the majority of which was acquired during Mortensen’s expeditions (1914–1915, 1922, and 1929–1930) and later during the Galathea expedition (1950–1952). KEY WORDS. — Alcyonacea, coral reefs, Galathea expedition, Mortensen’s expeditions, new record INTRODUCTION Galathea expeditions (1950–1952; Bruun et al., 1956), while the remaining specimens were donated to the ZMUC. The study of past octocoral collections has resulted in The present study has verifi ed or revised, as appropriate, thorough taxonomic revisions, including descriptions of the taxonomic identifi cation of these octocorals. It presents new taxa (e.g., Verseveldt, 1980, 1982, 1983; Ofwegen, for the first time a list of the respective material, with 2005). Examination of such collections has also been the zoogeographical distribution of the species and an gratifying in occasionally leading to the discovery of indication of new zoogeographical records. type specimens, whose depository had previously been considered unknown, as for example the case of Sinularia leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) (see Verseveldt, 1980; MATERIAL AND METHODS Ofwegen et al., in press). The revision of such valuable old octocoral material has facilitated updating of the The collection was studied during a visit to the ZMUC zoogeographic distribution of certain species and also led (Apr.2010) and in part was sent to the Zoological Museum, to the recognition of their abundance (e.g., Benayahu & Tel Aviv University (ZMTAU) for further examination. Chou, 2010; Benayahu & Ofwegen, 2012). In total, 33 colonies were identifi ed and are included in the current publication. At the time of examination some The octocoral collection of the University of Copenhagen, colonies bore a label with a scientifi c name, but mostly Zoological Museum (ZMUC), Natural History Museum of with no indication of who had identified the material, Denmark, has yielded in the past two new species: the deep- and with only partial collection data. O. S. Tendal and sea Primnoella krampi Madsen, 1956 and the reef-dwelling M. T. Tøttrup of the ZMUC verifi ed the collection data, Lobophytum hapalolobatum Verseveldt, 1983. In addition, completed the missing information and provided for Verseveldt (1983: 63–65) verifi ed the identifi cation of L. the first time collection numbers (ZMUC-ANT) for the lighti Moser, 1919, deposited in this museum and originally examined material. identifi ed by Tixier-Durivault (1956). For species identification, sclerites were obtained by The current paper addresses all the tropical, reef-dwelling, dissolving small tissue samples in 10% sodium hypochlorite, octocorals of the families Helioporidae, Clavulariidae, rinsed in distilled water, and examined under a light Alcyoniidae, Xeniidae, and Briareidae at the ZMUC. microscope. Identifi cation of species was in part facilitated Most of the examined colonies were collected during by comparisons with permanent sclerite preparations of Th. Mortensen’s (1914–1915, 1922, and 1929–1930) type material kept at the ZMTAU. expeditions (e.g., Mortensen, 1923) and the Danish 7 Benayahu: Octocorals of the Zoological Museum Copenhagen TAXONOMY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The examined material yielded 26 species of fi ve families: I wish to thank M. Jensen, H. Petersen, and the late J. Helioporidae, Clavulariidae, Alcyoniidae, Xeniidae, and Kundsen of the ZMUC for introducing me to the octocoral Briareidae (Table 1). Twelve of the original identifi cations collection of the ZMUC and for their long years of frienship. were verifi ed and 14 revised. Thirteen species were found I am grateful to L. P. van Ofwegen for comments on the to be new zoogeographical records for a variety of Indo- manuscript. I wish to thank O. S. Tendal, M. T. Tøttrup, West-Pacifi c regions. and K. R. Jensen for their help with retrieving material and collection data, A. Shlagman for his professional curatorial skills, and N. Paz for skillful editorial assistance. The DISCUSSION study was in part supported by the Israel Cohen Chair in Environmental Zoology to YB. The overall objective of the present study was to revise and identify the reef-dwelling octocorals at the ZMUC. The collection includes some widespread Indo-West-Pacifi c LITERATURE CITED species such as Heliopora coerulea and others of the genera Cladiella, Lobophytum, Rhytisma, Sarcophyton, and Benayahu, Y., 1995. Species composition of soft corals Sinularia (Table 1). Establishing the new zoogeographical (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) at the coral reefs of Sesoko Island, records within the respective genera was based on the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Galaxea, 12: 103–124. available literature as follows: Cladiella – Tixier-Durivault, Benayahu, Y. & M. Schleyer, 1996. Corals of the South-West 1948; Benayahu & Schleyer, 1996; Benayahu et al., 2004; Indian Ocean III. Alcyonacea (Octocorallia) of Bazaruto Lobophytum – Verseveldt, 1983; Sarcophyton – Verseveldt, Island, Mozambique: A redescription of Cladiella australis 1982; Sinularia – Verseveldt, 1980; Ofwegen, 2002. Later (Macfadyen, 1936) and description of Cladiella kashmani spec. nov. Oceanogrphic Research Institute. Investigational octocoral studies by Benayahu (1997, 2002) and Benayahu Reports, 69: 1–22. et al. (2004) were also used for this purpose as well as for the Briareum, Clavularia, and Rhytisma, where applicable. Benayahu, Y., 1997. A review of three alcyonacean families Reinicke (1997) and the literature sources therein were (Octocorallia) from Guam. Micronesica, 30: 207–244. applied for Xenia. In total, the study yielded 13 new Benayahu, Y., 2002. Soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) of zoogeographical records: four for the Philippines, two the southern Ryukyu Archipelago: The families Tubiporidae, each for Madagascar, Ceylon and Tonga, and one each for Clavulariidae, Alcyoniidae and Briareidae. Galaxea JSRS, 4: 1–21. Ambon, Java and, Papua New Guinea. It is noteworthy that the fi ndings extend for the fi rst time the distribution of two Benayahu, Y., M.-S. Jeng, S. Perkol-Finkel & C.-F. Dai, 2004. species beyond their type locality (Table 1): S. birkelandi Soft corals (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) from Southern Taiwan. II. Species diversity and distributional patterns. Zoological to Java (type locality Micronesia: Verseveldt, 1978) and Studies, 43: 548–560. L. rigidum to the Philippines (type locality Okinawa: Benayahu, 1995). The Philippine octocorals are poorly Benayahu, Y. & L. M. Chou, 2010. Some Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) from Singapore, with a description known and, since the early publication by Roxas (1933), of a new Cladiella species. Raffl es Buletin of Zoology, 59: there have been no further in-depth taxonomic studies on 1–13. this fauna. The four new records from there, as well those from Ambon, Java and Papua New-Guinea, thus contribute Benayahu, Y. & L. P. van Ofwegen, 2012. Octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Reunion, with a description of two new to our knowledge of those reefs, which are included within species of the genus Sinularia and notes on the occurrence of the highly diverse coral triangle (Veron et al., 2011). other species. Zoosystema, 34: 673–699. Similarly, the other new records, from Tonga, Ceylon and Bruun, A. F., S. Greve, H. Mielche & R. Spärcke, 1956. The Madagascar, extend the bio-geographcal distribution of Galathea Deep Sea Expedition, 1950–52, Described by the respective species and these localities deserve further Members of the Expedition. Allen and Unwin, London. 296 study. pp. Madsen, F. J., 1956. Primnoella krampi n. sp., a new deep-sea The ZMUC collection encompasses octocorals from a octocoral. Galathea Report: Scientifi c results of the Danish variety of geographic regions, ranging from Zanzibar, Deep-Sea Expedition round the World 1950–52, 2: 21–22. East Africa, to Tonga and the South Pacifi c Ocean. This Mortensen, Th., 1923. The Danish Expedition to the Kei Island collection thus emphasizes the importance of the past 1922. Videnskabelige Medelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk collections made during the Danish scientifi c expeditions, Forening, 76: 55–99. and the ZMUC collection as a whole. It is anticipated that Ofwegen, L. P. van, 2002. Status of knowledge of the Indo- further examination of other past octocoral collections Pacific soft coral genus Sinularia May, 1988 (Anthozoa, will also yield significant findings concerning their Octocorallia). Proceeding 9th International Coral Reef distributional range, also in comparison to newly obtained Symposium, Bali 2000, 1: 167–171. material, if available. Ofwegen, L. P. van, 2005. A new genus of nephtheid soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae from the Indo-Pacifi c. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 79: 1–236. 8 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Zootaxa, a New Genus of Soft Coral (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Clavulariidae)
    Zootaxa 1219: 47–57 (2006) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1219 Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new genus of soft coral (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Clavulariidae) from Chile L.P. VAN OFWEGEN1, V. HÄUSSERMANN2 & G. FÖRSTERRA2 1Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] 2Universidad Austral de Chile, Departamento de Biología Marina, Campus Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Incrustatus comauensis n. gen. & n. sp. (Octocorallia: Clavulariidae) is described from Chile. It occurs in shallow water from Concepción to the southern fjord region. The genus forms stolons on mytilid shells and rocks, or encrusting sheets on Crepidula shells (Gastropoda), polychaete tubes, gorgonians, and other substrata. The sclerites of the new taxon are 8-radiates and derivatives of these. The polyps are unarmed or posses a few irregularly arranged spindles. The new genus is compared with another taxon that forms encrusting sheets or stolons. Key words: Coelenterata, Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Clavulariidae, benthos, Incrustatus, new genus, new species, Chile Introduction The shallow water soft coral fauna of the Chilean coast is still almost completely unknown. To date one stoloniferous species has been described from Chile, Clavularia magelhaenica Studer, 1878, from the Straits of Magellan. From 1997 onwards, Verena Häussermann and Günter Försterra investigated the anthozoan fauna of Chile, with a focus on the South Chilean fjord region, and collected many specimens. This soft coral collection includes several undescribed species of Alcyonium, a species of Renilla, and some possible clavulariids, among which was an as yet undescribed new genus that is the subject of this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with Diagnoses of New Taxa
    PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 94(3), 1981, pp. 902-947 KEY TO THE GENERA OF OCTOCORALLIA EXCLUSIVE OF PENNATULACEA (COELENTERATA: ANTHOZOA), WITH DIAGNOSES OF NEW TAXA Frederick M. Bayer Abstract.—A serial key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of the Pennatulacea is presented. New taxa introduced are Olindagorgia, new genus for Pseudopterogorgia marcgravii Bayer; Nicaule, new genus for N. crucifera, new species; and Lytreia, new genus for Thesea plana Deich- mann. Ideogorgia is proposed as a replacement ñame for Dendrogorgia Simpson, 1910, not Duchassaing, 1870, and Helicogorgia for Hicksonella Simpson, December 1910, not Nutting, May 1910. A revised classification is provided. Introduction The key presented here was an essential outgrowth of work on a general revisión of the octocoral fauna of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. The far-reaching zoogeographical affinities of this fauna made it impossible in the course of this study to ignore genera from any part of the world, and it soon became clear that many of them require redefinition according to modern taxonomic standards. Therefore, the type-species of as many genera as possible have been examined, often on the basis of original type material, and a fully illustrated generic revisión is in course of preparation as an essential first stage in the redescription of western Atlantic species. The key prepared to accompany this generic review has now reached a stage that would benefit from a broader and more objective testing under practical conditions than is possible in one laboratory. For this reason, and in order to make the results of this long-term study available, even in provisional form, not only to specialists but also to the growing number of ecologists, biochemists, and physiologists interested in octocorals, the key is now pre- sented in condensed form with minimal illustration.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoologische Verhandelingen
    Corals of the South-west Indian Ocean: VI. The Alcyonacea (Octocorallia) of Mozambique, with a discussion on soft coral distribution on south equatorial East African reefs Y. Benayahu, A. Shlagman & M.H. Schleyer Benayahu, Y., A. Shlagman & M.H. Schleyer. Corals of the South-west Indian Ocean: VI. The Alcyo- nacea (Octocorallia) of Mozambique, with a discussion on soft coral distribution on south equatorial East African reefs. Zool. Verh. Leiden 345, 31.x.2003: 49-57, fig. 1.— ISSN 0024-1652/ISBN 90-73239-89-3. Y. Benayahu & A. Shlagman. Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel (e-mail: [email protected]). M.H. Schleyer. Oceanographic Research Institute, P.O. Box 10712, Marine Parade 4056, Durban, South Africa. Key words: Mozambique; East African reefs; Octocorallia; Alcyonacea. A list of 46 species of Alcyonacea is presented for the coral reefs of the Segundas Archipelago and north- wards in Mozambique, as well as a zoogeographical record for the Bazaruto Archipelago in southern Mozambique. Among the 12 genera listed, Rhytisma, Lemnalia and Briareum were recorded on Mozambi- can reefs for the first time and the study yielded 27 new zoogeographical records. The survey brings the number of soft coral species listed for Mozambique to a total of 53. A latitudinal pattern in soft coral diversity along the south equatorial East African coast is presented, with 46 species recorded in Tanza- nia, 46 along the northern coast of Mozambique, dropping to 29 in the Bazaruto Archipelago in southern Mozambique and rising again to 38 along the KwaZulu-Natal coast in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Soft Coral Biodiversity and Distribution in East Africa: Gradients, Function and Significance
    Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008 Session number 26 Soft coral biodiversity and distribution in East Africa: Gradients, function and significance M.H. Schleyer1, Y. Benayahu2 1) Oceanographic Research Institute, PO Box 10712, Marine Parade, 4056 Durban, South Africa 2) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel Abstract. Soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) constitute important reef benthos in East Africa, yet relatively little is known of their distributional gradients, function or significance. Integrated results of published surveys manifest interesting gradients in their diversity, abundance and apparent function. Reef disturbance may result in them becoming dominant, eliciting an alternative stable state in some coral communities. While certain tropical taxa attenuate from north to south, others attain their highest abundance at high latitude; the latter appears to be related to their ability to tolerate sedimentation and more swell-driven turbulence. Once established, soft corals appear to be persistent and long-lived. A long-term monitoring study has nevertheless revealed that they appear to be vulnerable to climate change. Keywords: Soft corals, Alcyonacea, western Indian Ocean, biodiversity gradients Introduction complexity, the deflected currents in question being Soft corals (Octocorallia: Alyonacea) have been the East Madagascan, East African and Mozambique studied on East African reefs at several localities over Currents. Further complex interactions give rise to the the last 15 years, including Tanzania (Ofwegen and Somali and Agulhas Currents at equatorial and higher Benayahu 1992), Mozambique (Benayahu & Schleyer southern latitudes respectively. 1996; Benayahu et al. 2002) and South Africa (Benayahu 1993; Benayahu & Schleyer 1995, 1996; Materials and Methods Ofwegen and Schleyer 1997; Williams 2000; Species lists providing the distributional patterns Williams and Little 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • The Lower Bathyal and Abyssal Seafloor Fauna of Eastern Australia T
    O’Hara et al. Marine Biodiversity Records (2020) 13:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-020-00194-1 RESEARCH Open Access The lower bathyal and abyssal seafloor fauna of eastern Australia T. D. O’Hara1* , A. Williams2, S. T. Ahyong3, P. Alderslade2, T. Alvestad4, D. Bray1, I. Burghardt3, N. Budaeva4, F. Criscione3, A. L. Crowther5, M. Ekins6, M. Eléaume7, C. A. Farrelly1, J. K. Finn1, M. N. Georgieva8, A. Graham9, M. Gomon1, K. Gowlett-Holmes2, L. M. Gunton3, A. Hallan3, A. M. Hosie10, P. Hutchings3,11, H. Kise12, F. Köhler3, J. A. Konsgrud4, E. Kupriyanova3,11,C.C.Lu1, M. Mackenzie1, C. Mah13, H. MacIntosh1, K. L. Merrin1, A. Miskelly3, M. L. Mitchell1, K. Moore14, A. Murray3,P.M.O’Loughlin1, H. Paxton3,11, J. J. Pogonoski9, D. Staples1, J. E. Watson1, R. S. Wilson1, J. Zhang3,15 and N. J. Bax2,16 Abstract Background: Our knowledge of the benthic fauna at lower bathyal to abyssal (LBA, > 2000 m) depths off Eastern Australia was very limited with only a few samples having been collected from these habitats over the last 150 years. In May–June 2017, the IN2017_V03 expedition of the RV Investigator sampled LBA benthic communities along the lower slope and abyss of Australia’s eastern margin from off mid-Tasmania (42°S) to the Coral Sea (23°S), with particular emphasis on describing and analysing patterns of biodiversity that occur within a newly declared network of offshore marine parks. Methods: The study design was to deploy a 4 m (metal) beam trawl and Brenke sled to collect samples on soft sediment substrata at the target seafloor depths of 2500 and 4000 m at every 1.5 degrees of latitude along the western boundary of the Tasman Sea from 42° to 23°S, traversing seven Australian Marine Parks.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lower Bathyal and Abyssal Seafloor Fauna of Eastern Australia T
    The lower bathyal and abyssal seafloor fauna of eastern Australia T. O’hara, A. Williams, S. Ahyong, P. Alderslade, T. Alvestad, D. Bray, I. Burghardt, N. Budaeva, F. Criscione, A. Crowther, et al. To cite this version: T. O’hara, A. Williams, S. Ahyong, P. Alderslade, T. Alvestad, et al.. The lower bathyal and abyssal seafloor fauna of eastern Australia. Marine Biodiversity Records, Cambridge University Press, 2020, 13 (1), 10.1186/s41200-020-00194-1. hal-03090213 HAL Id: hal-03090213 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03090213 Submitted on 29 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. O’Hara et al. Marine Biodiversity Records (2020) 13:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-020-00194-1 RESEARCH Open Access The lower bathyal and abyssal seafloor fauna of eastern Australia T. D. O’Hara1* , A. Williams2, S. T. Ahyong3, P. Alderslade2, T. Alvestad4, D. Bray1, I. Burghardt3, N. Budaeva4, F. Criscione3, A. L. Crowther5, M. Ekins6, M. Eléaume7, C. A. Farrelly1, J. K. Finn1, M. N. Georgieva8, A. Graham9, M. Gomon1, K. Gowlett-Holmes2, L. M. Gunton3, A. Hallan3, A. M. Hosie10, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Search for Mesophotic Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) and Their Phylogeny: I
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 680: 1–11 (2017) New sclerite-free mesophotic octocoral 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.680.12727 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Search for mesophotic octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) and their phylogeny: I. A new sclerite-free genus from Eilat, northern Red Sea Yehuda Benayahu1, Catherine S. McFadden2, Erez Shoham1 1 School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel 2 Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711-5990, USA Corresponding author: Yehuda Benayahu ([email protected]) Academic editor: B.W. Hoeksema | Received 15 March 2017 | Accepted 12 May 2017 | Published 14 June 2017 http://zoobank.org/578016B2-623B-4A75-8429-4D122E0D3279 Citation: Benayahu Y, McFadden CS, Shoham E (2017) Search for mesophotic octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) and their phylogeny: I. A new sclerite-free genus from Eilat, northern Red Sea. ZooKeys 680: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.680.12727 Abstract This communication describes a new octocoral, Altumia delicata gen. n. & sp. n. (Octocorallia: Clavu- lariidae), from mesophotic reefs of Eilat (northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea). This species lives on dead antipatharian colonies and on artificial substrates. It has been recorded from deeper than 60 m down to 140 m and is thus considered to be a lower mesophotic octocoral. It has no sclerites and features no symbiotic zooxanthellae. The new genus is compared to other known sclerite-free octocorals. Molecular phylogenetic analyses place it in a clade with members of families Clavulariidae and Acanthoaxiidae, and for now we assign it to the former, based on colony morphology.
    [Show full text]
  • G. Distribution of the Marine Asellota
    G. Distribution of the marine Asellota As part of the evaluation of the bathymetrical and eulittoral, sublittoral, bathyal, abyssal, and hadal regional distribution of bathyal and abyssal Asel- (cf. p. 16 and p. 271). lota, it was found important to compare the require- Temperature. The temperature records have been ments of the deep-sea forms, regarding distribution derived from many sources. In only very few cases and temperature, to those of the littoral asellotes. has the temperature been given by the author who However, a monographic compilation of the entire described or mentioned the species in question. tribe of Asellota is an undertaking not previously However, by scanning the station lists of the various attempted. GURJANOVA(1933b) gave a survey of expeditions it was sometimes possible to find a re- the occurrence and depth records of the Arctic and cord of the temperat~re;~even if records older than Subarctic marine isopods and a similar survey was some 50 years are not always reliable they should compiled by NIERSTRASZ(1941) for the Indo-Pacific be exact enough for biological purposes. In the isopods. There are many misprints in distribution majority of cases it was necessary to acquire infor- data in the former paper, and the latter paper is by mation on temperatures from hydrographical data no means complete. In the depth records of both of other expeditions, etc., working in the same or papers the conversions from fathoms to metres are an adjacent area. almost all incorrect. Recently, MENZIES(1962b) di- Where more temperature records over a succes- agnosed most of the abyssal Atlantic isopods and sion of years were available, the maximum and mini- will discuss their distribution at a later date.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Report on Expeditions Monsoon And
    A Preliminary Report on Expeditions Monsoon and Lusiad 1960 - 1963 University of California, San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography Cruises to the Indian Ocean By The Members of the Expedition Edited by Robert L. Fisher S. I. O. Reference 64-19 ― i ― FOREWORD Field participation in the International Indian Ocean Expedition by scientists and research vessels of the University of California's Scripps Institution of Oceanography comprises three multi- program investigations: MONSOON (1960-1), LUSIAD (1962-3) and DODO (1964). All three expeditions, though first broadly outlined in 1959, lie within the cooperative international exploration of the Indian Ocean being sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research and UNESCO. Therefore, though original schedules have to date been met, the programs have in fact been influenced and modified by the plans, interests and findings of other agencies and laboratories, and direct participation by marine scientists, students and trainees from other areas has been welcomed. Although the final SIO IIOE cruise, DODO, is just underway, a preliminary report on some generalized results of the first two expeditions seems appropriate now, with the clear understanding that many conclusions stated here may indeed be premature. Final analyses, syntheses and results will appear in more specialized formal publications and in the proposed SCOR-sponsored atlases which eventually will summarize Indian Ocean Expedition findings. At Scripps Institution, it is customary to give names, rather than number designations, to the major expeditions. The 1960-1 investigation, 3 ½ months in the Indian Ocean, embraced the first SIO field work in the "monsoon seas". It was funded primarily by the Office of Naval Research of the Navy Department, with auxiliary support for personnel and special equipment from the Bureau of Ships and the National Science Foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity, Distribution, and Molecular Systematics of Octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of the Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan
    Zoological Studies 51(8): 1529-1548 (2012) Diversity, Distribution, and Molecular Systematics of Octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of the Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan Yehuda Benayahu1,*, Leendert Pieter van Ofwegen2, Chang-feng Dai3, Ming-Shiou Jeng4, Keryea Soong5, Alex Shlagman1, Henryi J. Hsieh6, and Catherine S. McFadden7 1Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv Univ., Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel 2Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden 2300 RA, the Netherlands 3Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei 106, Taiwan 4Research Center for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan 5Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen Univ., Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan 6Penghu Marine Biology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Penghu 880, Taiwan 7Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711-5990, USA (Accepted November 2, 2012) Yehuda Benayahu, Leendert Pieter van Ofwegen, Chang-feng Dai, Ming-Shiou Jeng, Keryea Soong, Alex Shlagman, Henryi J. Hsieh, and Catherine S. McFadden (2012) Diversity, distribution, and molecular systematics of octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of the Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan. Zoological Studies 51(8): 1529-1548. The 1st ever surveys of octocorals in the Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan were conducted in 2006 and 2009. Scuba collections were carried out at 17 sites in northern, eastern, south-central, and southern parts of the archipelago. The collection, comprising about 250 specimens, yielded 34 species of the family Alcyoniidae belonging to Aldersladum, Cladiella, Klyxum, Lobophytum, Sarcophyton, and Sinularia. These include 6 new species that were recently described and another 15 records new to Taiwanese reefs. The northern collection sites featured a lower number of species compared to most of the central/southern or southern ones.
    [Show full text]
  • CNIDARIA Corals, Medusae, Hydroids, Myxozoans
    FOUR Phylum CNIDARIA corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans STEPHEN D. CAIRNS, LISA-ANN GERSHWIN, FRED J. BROOK, PHILIP PUGH, ELLIOT W. Dawson, OscaR OcaÑA V., WILLEM VERvooRT, GARY WILLIAMS, JEANETTE E. Watson, DENNIS M. OPREsko, PETER SCHUCHERT, P. MICHAEL HINE, DENNIS P. GORDON, HAMISH J. CAMPBELL, ANTHONY J. WRIGHT, JUAN A. SÁNCHEZ, DAPHNE G. FAUTIN his ancient phylum of mostly marine organisms is best known for its contribution to geomorphological features, forming thousands of square Tkilometres of coral reefs in warm tropical waters. Their fossil remains contribute to some limestones. Cnidarians are also significant components of the plankton, where large medusae – popularly called jellyfish – and colonial forms like Portuguese man-of-war and stringy siphonophores prey on other organisms including small fish. Some of these species are justly feared by humans for their stings, which in some cases can be fatal. Certainly, most New Zealanders will have encountered cnidarians when rambling along beaches and fossicking in rock pools where sea anemones and diminutive bushy hydroids abound. In New Zealand’s fiords and in deeper water on seamounts, black corals and branching gorgonians can form veritable trees five metres high or more. In contrast, inland inhabitants of continental landmasses who have never, or rarely, seen an ocean or visited a seashore can hardly be impressed with the Cnidaria as a phylum – freshwater cnidarians are relatively few, restricted to tiny hydras, the branching hydroid Cordylophora, and rare medusae. Worldwide, there are about 10,000 described species, with perhaps half as many again undescribed. All cnidarians have nettle cells known as nematocysts (or cnidae – from the Greek, knide, a nettle), extraordinarily complex structures that are effectively invaginated coiled tubes within a cell.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T
    NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 19 An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T. Drumm • Katherine P. Maslenikov Robert Van Syoc • James W. Orr • Robert R. Lauth Duane E. Stevenson • Theodore W. Pietsch November 2016 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic Papers NMFS and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientific Editor* Administrator Richard Langton National Marine National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology Economics and Social Analysis Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Publications Office 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is pub- lished by the Scientific Publications Of- *Bruce Mundy (PIFSC) was Scientific Editor during the fice, National Marine Fisheries Service, scientific editing and preparation of this report. NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115. The Secretary of Commerce has The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original determined that the publication of research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, flora and fauna studies, and data- this series is necessary in the transac- intensive reports on investigations in fishery science, engineering, and economics. tion of the public business required by law of this Department.
    [Show full text]