Communications in Computer and Information Science 765

Commenced Publication in 2007 Founding and Former Series Editors: Alfredo Cuzzocrea, Xiaoyong Du, Orhun Kara, Ting Liu, Dominik Ślęzak, and Xiaokang Yang

Editorial Board Simone Diniz Junqueira Barbosa Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Phoebe Chen La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Joaquim Filipe Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal Igor Kotenko St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia Krishna M. Sivalingam Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India Takashi Washio Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Junsong Yuan Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Lizhu Zhou Tsinghua University, Beijing, China More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7899 Tibor Bosse • Bert Bredeweg (Eds.)

BNAIC 2016: Artificial Intelligence 28th Benelux Conference on Artificial Intelligence Amsterdam, The Netherlands, November 10–11, 2016 Revised Selected Papers

123 Editors Tibor Bosse Bert Bredeweg Department of Computer Science Informatics Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands The Netherlands

ISSN 1865-0929 ISSN 1865-0937 (electronic) Communications in Computer and Information Science ISBN 978-3-319-67467-4 ISBN 978-3-319-67468-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-67468-1

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017953413

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface

This book contains a selection of the best papers presented at the 28th edition of the annual Benelux Conference on Artificial Intelligence (BNAIC 2016). BNAIC 2016 took place during November 10–11 in Hotel Casa 400 in Amsterdam. The conference was jointly organized by the University of Amsterdam and the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, under the auspices of the Benelux Association for Artificial Intelligence (BNVKI) and the Dutch Research School for Information and Knowledge Systems (SIKS). BNAIC 2016 was the 28th edition of a conference series that started in 1988 under the name “Netherlands Artificial Intelligence Conference.” Originally focusing on Artificial Intelligence research in The Netherlands, the conference later expanded its scope to include research in Belgium (since 1999) and Luxembourg (since 2008). Hence, the objective of BNAIC is to promote and disseminate recent research devel- opments in Artificial Intelligence, particularly within Belgium, Luxembourg, and The Netherlands, although it does not exclude contributions from countries outside the Benelux. Part of the success of the BNAIC series can be attributed to the fact that the conference typically receives a large number of excellent student papers, which reflects the high quality of Artificial Intelligence education in the Benelux. The BNAIC 2016 program was very exciting and diverse: in addition to the regular research presentations, posters and demonstrations (discussed below), it included several other elements, among which were: (a) keynote presentations by Marc Cavazza (University of Kent), Frank van Harmelen (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Hado van Hasselt (Google DeepMind), and Manuela Veloso (Carnegie Mellon University); (b) a Research Meets Business session; (c) a panel discussion on Social Robots, with con- tributions by Elly Konijn (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Ben Kröse (University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences), Mark Neerincx (TNO and Delft University of Technology), and Peter Novitzky (University of Twente); (d) a special FACt (FACulty focusing on the FACts of AI) session with presentations by Bart de Boer (Vrije Universiteit Brussels), Catholijn Jonker (Delft University of Technology), and Leon van der Torre (University of Luxembourg); and (e) a special session on open access publishing with contributions by Rinke Hoekstra (Vrije Universiteit), Maarten Frohlich (IOS Press), Bernard Aleva (Elsevier), and Hilde van Wijngaarden (University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences). In addition, BNAIC 2016 featured three awards. The SNN Best Paper Award was bestowed to Rik van Noord, Florian Kunneman, and Antal van den Bosch for their contribution “Predicting Civil Unrest by Categorizing Dutch Twitter Events,” which is included in this volume. The SKBS Best Demo Award was given to Caitlin Lagrand, Patrick M. de Kok, Sébastien Negrijn, Michiel van der Meer, and Arnoud Visser for their contribution “Autonomous Robot Soccer Matches.” The Best Thesis Abstract VI Preface

Award was awarded to Hossam Mossalam for his contribution “Multi-Objective Deep Reinforcement Learning with Optimistic Linear Support.” As in previous years, BNAIC 2016 welcomed four types of contributions, namely, (a) regular papers, (b) compressed contributions, (c) demonstration abstracts, and (d) thesis abstracts. The conference received 93 submissions, consisting of 24 regular papers, 47 compressed contributions, 11 demonstration abstracts, and 11 thesis abstracts. After thorough review by the Program Committee, the conference chairs made the final acceptance decisions. The overall acceptance rate for presentation at the conference was 88% (63% for regular papers, 100% for compressed contributions and demonstration abstracts, and 91% for thesis abstracts). Among these accepted contri- butions, a small subset of the best papers were selected (after another substantial review and revision phase) for inclusion in this volume. The overall acceptance rate was 28% (33% for regular papers, 9% for demonstration abstracts, and 36% for thesis abstracts; compressed contributions were not considered for this volume, as they describe research that has already been published). This is the first year in which a selection of BNAIC papers is published in the form of a separate Springer book, and our ambition is to continue this initiative in the coming years. The contributions presented in this volume are grouped by category and by topic. First, eight regular papers are included, of which the first four are all related to natural language processing. The next regular paper presents an agent-based approach to image reconstruction. After that, two regular papers are included that address aspects of game theory, and the last regular paper proposes a solution to the travelling umpire problem based on answer set programming. The regular papers are followed by four student papers, of which the first presents a fuzzy logic approach for anomaly detection in energy consumption data. The next two student papers describe interesting studies regarding the interaction between artificial agents and humans, and the last student paper reports on a learning analytics case study in the context of online secondary education. The last paper included in the book originates from a demonstration abstract and describes an integrated collaborative environment for data processing, exploration and analysis. To conclude, we want to express our gratitude to everyone who contributed to this book and to BNAIC 2016: in addition to all the invited speakers mentioned above, many thanks to all Organizing and Program Committee members for their hard work in assuring the high quality of the conference and the proceedings. Moreover, we wish to thank all student volunteers, administrative and secretarial assistants, and of course our sponsors. We also gratefully acknowledge help from the BNVKI and from previous BNAIC organizers. And last, but certainly not least, we cordially thank all the authors who submitted their important contributions. Without their efforts, this volume could not have been published.

July 2017 Tibor Bosse Bert Bredeweg Organization

General Chairs

Tibor Bosse Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands Bert Bredeweg University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Student Program

Arnoud Visser University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Interactive Demos

Tom Kenter University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Contact and Administration

Mojca Lovrenčak Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Sponsoring

Natalie van der Wal Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Finances

Mark Hoogendoorn Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Website

Adnan Manzoor Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Program Committee

Stylianos Asteriadis University of Maastricht, The Netherlands Reyhan Aydogan Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Floris Bex Utrecht University, The Netherlands Michael Biehl University of Groningen, The Netherlands Mauro Birattari IRIDIA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Peter Bloem University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Sander Bohte Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, The Netherlands Peter Bosman Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, The Netherlands Tibor Bosse Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands Bruno Bouzy Paris Descartes University, France VIII Organization

Frances Brazier Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Bert Bredeweg University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tristan Cazenave LAMSADE Université Paris Dauphine, France Tom Claassen Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Fokie Cnossen University of Groningen, The Netherlands Tom Croonenborghs University of Leuven, Belgium Walter Daelemans University of Antwerp, Belgium Gregoire Danoy University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Mehdi Dastani Utrecht University, The Netherlands Victor de Boer Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands Patrick De Causmaecker University of Leuven, Belgium Martine De Cock University of Washington Tacoma, USA Mathijs De Weerdt Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Benoît Depaire Hasselt University, Belgium Frank Dignum Utrecht University, The Netherlands Virginia Dignum TU Delft, The Netherlands Jason Farquhar Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Bart Goethals University of Antwerp, Belgium Pascal Gribomont University of Liege, Belgium Perry Groot Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Franc Grootjen Radboud University, The Netherlands Marc Gyssens Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium Frank Harmsen Ernst & Young Advisory, The Netherlands Tom Heskes Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Koen Hindriks Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Rinke Hoekstra University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands Arjen Hommersom University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Bert Kappen Radboud University, The Netherlands Maurits Kaptein Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Uzay Kaymak Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Tom Kenter University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Walter Kosters LIACS, Leiden University, The Netherlands Johan Kwisthout Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Tom Lenaerts Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Marco Loog Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Elena Marchiori Radboud University, The Netherlands John-Jules Meyer Utrecht University, The Netherlands Peter Novák Science & Technology Corporation B.V. Mykola Pechenizkiy Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Aske Plaat Leiden University, The Netherlands Eric Postma TiCC, Tilburg University, The Netherlands Henry Prakken University of Utrecht and University of Groningen, The Netherlands Jan Ramon Inria, France Nico Roos Universiteit Maastricht, The Netherlands Organization IX

Makiko Sadakata University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Stefan Schlobach Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands Pierre-Yves Schobbens University of Namur, Belgium Johannes Scholtes University of Maastricht, The Netherlands Martijn Schut AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Evgueni Smirnov Maastricht University, The Netherlands Matthijs T.J. Spaan Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Jennifer Spenader University of Groningen, The Netherlands Ida Sprinkhuizen-Kuyper Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Pieter H.M. Spronck Tilburg University, The Netherlands Thomas Stützle Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Johan Suykens University of Leuven, Belgium Niels Taatgen University of Groningen, The Netherlands Annette ten Teije Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands Dirk Thierens Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands Jan Treur Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands Karl Tuyls University of Liverpool, UK Antal van Den Bosch Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Egon L. van den Broek Utrecht University, The Netherlands Jaap van Den Herik Leiden University, The Netherlands Wil van der Aalst Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Peter van der Putten LIACS, Leiden University and Pegasystems, The Netherlands Leon van der Torre University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Natalie Van Der Wal Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tom van Engers University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tim van Erven Leiden University, The Netherlands Frank Van Harmelen Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands Sietse van Netten University of Groningen, The Netherlands Martijn Van Otterlo (former) Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands M. Birna van Riemsdijk Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Peter van Rosmalen Open University of The Netherlands, The Netherlands Maarten Van Someren University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Marieke van Vugt University of Groningen, The Netherlands Joost Vennekens University of Leuven, Belgium Katja Verbeeck Odisee, Belgium Bart Verheij University of Groningen, The Netherlands Arnoud Visser University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Louis Vuurpijl Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Willem Waegeman Ghent University, Belgium Martijn Warnier Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Gerhard Weiss University Maastricht, The Netherlands Max Welling University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Marco Wiering University of Groningen, The Netherlands Floris Wiesman AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Jef Wijsen University of Mons, Belgium X Organization

Mark H.M. Winands Maastricht University, The Netherlands Radboud Winkels University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Cees Witteveen Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Yingqian Zhang Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands

Additional Reviewers

Franz, Robin Wolf, Ben Merhej, Elie Ye, Qing Chuan Voulis, Nina Contents

Regular Papers

Predicting Civil Unrest by Categorizing Dutch Twitter Events ...... 3 Rik van Noord, Florian A. Kunneman, and Antal van den Bosch

Textual Inference with Tree-Structured LSTM ...... 17 Adebayo Kolawole John, Luigi Di Caro, Livio Robaldo, and Guido Boella

Extracting Core Claims from Scientific Articles ...... 32 Tom Jansen and Tobias Kuhn

Towards Legal Compliance by Correlating Standards and Laws with a Semi-automated Methodology...... 47 Cesare Bartolini, Andra Giurgiu, Gabriele Lenzini, and Livio Robaldo

Mobile Radio Tomography: Agent-Based Imaging ...... 63 K. Joost Batenburg, Leon Helwerda, Walter A. Kosters, and Tim van der Meij

Combining Combinatorial Game Theory with an a-b Solver for Clobber: Theory and Experiments ...... 78 Jos W.H.M. Uiterwijk and Janis Griebel

Aspects of the Cooperative Card Game Hanabi...... 93 Mark J.H. van den Bergh, Anne Hommelberg, Walter A. Kosters, and Flora M. Spieksma

Solving the Travelling Umpire Problem with Answer Set Programming . . . . . 106 Joost Vennekens

Student Papers

Design of a Fuzzy Logic Based Framework for Comprehensive Anomaly Detection in Real-World Energy Consumption Data ...... 121 Muriel Hol and Aysenur Bilgin

Fostering Relatedness Between Children and Virtual Agents Through Reciprocal Self-disclosure ...... 137 Franziska Burger, Joost Broekens, and Mark A. Neerincx XII Contents

Lack of Effort or Lack of Ability? Robot Failures and Human Perception of Agency and Responsibility ...... 155 Sophie van der Woerdt and Pim Haselager

Performance Indicators for Online Secondary Education: A Case Study . . . . . 169 Pepijn van Diepen and Bert Bredeweg

Demonstration Papers

SWISH DataLab: A Web Interface for Data Exploration and Analysis...... 181 Tessel Bogaard, Jan Wielemaker, Laura Hollink, and Jacco van Ossenbruggen

Author Index ...... 189