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Pflanzen-Profile Spitz-Ahorn (Acer platanoides) Norway maple (Acer platanoides) ORDNUNG: Sapindales ORDER: Sapindales FAMILIE: Sapindaceae FAMILY: Sapindaceae GATTUNG: Acer GENUS: Acer ART: Acer platanoides SPECIES: Acer platanoides Der Spitz-Ahorn ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der The Norway Maple is a species oft he genus Acer in Ahorne in der Familie der Seifenbaumgewächse the soapberry family (Sapindaceae). The flowers (Sapindaceae). Seine Blüten erscheinen im Frühjahr vor emerge in spring before the leaves. Leafout is tied to den Blättern. Sein Blattaustrieb im Frühjahr ist abhängig photoperiod and initiated when day lengths reach von der Lichtdauer (und nicht der Temperatur) und setzt approximately 13 hours (normally in April). Under bei einer Tageslänge von 13 Stunden ein (norma-lerweise ideal conditions a Norway maple may live up to 250 im April). Unter idealen Bedingungen kann er etwa 250 years, but often has a much shorter life expectancy. Jahre alt werden, meist wird er aber lange nicht so alt. Er Its native range is wide parts of Europe but it has been ist über weite Teile Europas verbreitet und wird häufig widely cultivated as an ornamental tree. The wood is als Zierbaum gepflanzt. Aber auch sein Holz wird für used for furniture, turnery, flooring and music Möbel, Bodenbeläge, Drechselarbeiten und instruments. Stradivari probably used the Norway Musikinstrumente genutzt: Stradivarius benutzte maple species from former Yugoslavia for the wahrscheinlich das Holz des Spitz-Ahorns aus dem frü- backsides of his violins. heren Jugoslawien für die Rückseiten seiner Geigen. Sometimes the Norway maple is confused with the Manchmal wird der Spitz-Ahorn mit dem Zucker-Ahorn sugar maple (Acer saccharum, from which the maple (Acer saccharum, aus dem der Ahorn-Sirup gewonnen syrup is extracted), but easy to differentiate by ist wird) verwechselt, ist aber an seinem weißen Saft der white sap in the leaf stems (the sugar maple has clear Blattstängel, im Gegensatz zum farblosen Saft des sap). Zucker-Ahorns, gut zu unterscheiden. Thunberg Berberitze (Berberis thunbergii) Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) ORDNUNG: Ranunculales ORDER: Ranunculales FAMILIE: Berberidaceae FAMILY: Berberidaceae GATTUNG: Berberis GENUS: Berberis ART: Berberis thunbergii SPECIES: Berberis thunbergii Die Thunberg-Berberitze (berberis thunbergii) ist eine The Japanese barberry (berberis thunbergii) is a spiny Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Berberitzengewächse shrub in the barberry family (Berberidaceae) and (Berberidaceae). Sie ist beheimatet in China und Japan native to Japan and China. It was introduced to und wurde im 18. Jahrhundert vom schwedischen Europe in the 18th century by the swedish botanic Botaniker Carl Peter Thunberg nach Europa gebracht. Die Carl Peter Thunberg. The plant is widely used as dornige Pflanze wird vielfach als Zierstrauch genutzt und ornamental shrub and is also a good bee-feeder. The ist ebenfalls eine gute Bienenweide. Die Beeren sind berries are edible, but leaves, bark and roots contain essbar, aber Rinde, Blätter und Wurzeln enthalten das the alkaloid Berberin, which can cause stomachache, Alkaloid Berberin, das zu Magenbeschwerden, drowsiness, difficulty in breathing, convulsions and Benommenheit, Atemnot, Krampfanfällen und kidney inflammation. Nierenentzündungen führen kann. Hänge-Birke (Betula pendula) Silver-Birch (Betula pendula) ORDNUNG: Fagales ORDER: Fagales FAMILIE: Betulaceae FAMILY: Betulaceae GATTUNG: Betula GENUS: Betula ART: Betula pendula SPECIES: Betula pendula Die Birken sind eine Pflanzengattung in der Ordnung The birch (here a silver birch) is a a fast growing tree der Buchengewächse (Falgales) und der Familie der in the order of the beeches and the family Birkengewächse (Betulaceae). Das Wort "birke" kommt betulaceae. Its a monoecious plant, having male and aus dem indogermanischen und bedeutet glänzend, female flowers on the same tree,. Birch flowers are schimmernd ( im Hinblick auf die helle Rinde). Die pollinated by the wind. schnellwachsenden Bäume sind einhäusig Many birds depend on birches and use the buds and getrenntgeschlechtig ( monözisch), d.h. die getrennten seeds as winter food. The tree itself is habitat for männlichen und weiblichen Blüten befinden sich an many mushrooms, mosses, lichens, insects and derselben Pflanze. Bei den Birken werden die Blüten mammals. There are 118 butterfly species with vom Wind bestäubt. Viele Vogelarten sind auf die caterpillars feeding on the silver and downy birch. Birken angewiesen und nutzen z.B.die Knospen und Beside the wood and bark, the sap gets used as well. Samen als Winternahrung. Der Baum selbst ist Contrary to most other trees, the leaves of the birch Lebensraum für zahlreiche Pilze, Flechten, Moose, are good for consumption. Insekten und Säugetiere. Es gibt 118 They are also used as medicine for their diuretic, Schmetterlingsarten, deren Raupen die Hänge- und blood purifying and stimulating properties. Moorbirke als Futterpflanze nutzen. Von der Birke wird neben dem Holz und der Rinde auch der Saft genutzt. Birch trees are often pioneer species on open Birkenblätter sind im Gegensatz zu den meisten grounds, becaus they don't require much from Baumblättern essbar. Sie werden ebenfalls in der ground or climate. Heilkunde als blutreinigendes, harntreibendes und The birch bark can be stripped with ease and on anregendes Mittel genutzt. some species almost strips by itself. It was used for Birken sind oft Pionierpflanzen auf freien Flächen, da sie canoes, shoes, bowls, boxes and even as writing wenig Ansprüche an Boden und Klima stellen. Die paper. Birkenrinde, die sich bei einigen Arten selbst abschält, The in Siberia used storage boxes for tea, flour and wurde früher vielfältig genutzt für Schachteln, Schuhe, bread use the antiseptical properties of the bark. Rucksäcke, Kanus und Schreibuntergrund. In Siberien wurden aus Birkenrinde Vorratsbehälter für Mehl, Tee The birch tar is thermoplastic and was some 50 000 und Brot hergestellt, die die antiseptischen years ago already used as a glue for arrows and Eigenschaften der Rinde nutzten. Von Birken durch wedges. It was the first synthetically produced Verschwelung und Trockendestillation hergestelltes plastic of mankind and used from the Neanderthals Birkenpech wurde seit ca. 50 000 Jahren nachweislich and the moderm homo sapiens of the cro- magnon als erster synthetisch hergestellter Kunststoff der eara. Menschheitsgeschichte zum dauerhaften Verbinden von Steinkeilen, Pflanzenfasern und Holzgriffen hergestellt und genutzt. Sowohl durch Neandertaler als auch durch den modernen Menschen ( homo sapiens der Cro-Magnon-Epoche). Japanischer Blauregen (Wisteria floribunda) Japanese wisteria (Wisteria floribunda) ORDNUNG: Fabales ORDER: Fabales FAMILIE: Fabaceae FAMILY: Fabaceae GATTUNG: Wisteria GENUS: Wisteria ART: Wisteria floribunda SPECIES: Wisteria floribunda Die Japanische Wisteria, meist Japanischer Blauregen The japanese wisteria is a species of flowering plant genannt, ist eine Pflanze der Ordnung Schmetter- in the legume family (Fabaceae), native to Japan and lingsblütenartige (Fabales) in der Familie der Hülsen- Korea. früchtler (Fabaceae) und der Gattung Blauregen After it was brought from Japan tot he United States (Wisteria). Sie kommt ursprünglich aus Japan und in the 1830s, it has become one of the most highly Korea, wurde aber rund 1830 in die USA gebracht. Von romanticized garden plants due to ist spectacular dort aus hat sie sich danach als Zierpflanze in vielen flowers. Growing to 10 m, it is a woody, deciduous Gebieten weltweit verbreitet. Die Pflanze gehört zu den twining (clockwise) climber, shedding ist leaves in laubabwerfenden, verholzenden Kletterpflanzen autumn. (Lianen) und ihre rechtswindenden Stämmchen können It will flower only after passing from juvenile to adult Längen von bis zu 10 Metern erreichen. Erst nach dem stage, a transition that may take many years (just Durchlaufen des Jugendstadiums, das viele Jahre like ist cousin the Chinese wisteria). dauern kann, fängt die Pflanze an ihre spektakulären The plant often lives over fifty years. Blüten zu bilden. Oft kann sie ein Alter von über 50 Whereas the plant is used in Europe almost Jahren erreichen. exclusively as an ornamental, young shoots and Während der Blauregen in Europa fast ausschließlich als flowers can also be cooked or used as tea substitute. Zierpflanze genutzt wird, können junge Triebe und The seeds are poisonous, but can be eaten if boiled Blüten auch gekocht verwendet werden (auch als Tee- or roasted. Roasted seeds resemble the taste of Ersatz). Die Samen enthalten Gift, das aber durch chestnuts. Kochen oder Rösten abgebaut wird. Geschmacklich In Japan the bark is used to make sandals and ropes. erinnern geröstete Samen an Esskastanien. In Japan Also the wood gets used. In the japanese Iya-Vally werden aus der Borke Seile und Sandalen hergestellt, the twining stems oft he Japanese wisteria were das Holz wird auch verarbeitet. Im japanischen Iya-Tal used to built bridges for crossing the valley. The wurden Brücken zum Überqueren von Flüssen aus den stems were braided, after reaching an sufficiant Schlingtrieben der Pflanze gebaut. Hierzu wurden die length, and woodpanels were added. Lianen zusammengeflochten, nachdem sie eine ausreichende Länge erreicht hatten, und Holzplanken hinzugefügt. Sibirischer Blaustern (Scilla siberica) Wood squill (Scilla sibrica) ORDNUNG: Asparagales ORDER: Asparagales FAMILIE: Asparagaceae FAMILY: Asparagaceae GATTUNG: Scilla GENUS: Scilla ART: Scilla siberica SPECIES: Scilla
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