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Effects of Ethanol Leaf-Extract of Albizia Ferruginea on Selected Haematological Indices in Wistar Albino Rats 1Ukpabi S

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Effects of Ethanol Leaf-Extract of Albizia Ferruginea on Selected Haematological Indices in Wistar Albino Rats 1Ukpabi S www.idosr.org Ukpabi et al International Digital Organization for Scientific Research ISSN: 2579-079X IDOSR JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3(1): 74-81, 2018. Effects of Ethanol Leaf-Extract of Albizia ferruginea on Selected Haematological Indices in Wistar Albino Rats 1Ukpabi S. E. N., 1Offor C. E., 2Udeozor P. A. and 3Obiudu I. K. 1Department of Biochemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. 2Department of Biochemistry, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. 3Department of Biochemistry, Godfrey Okoye University, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria. ABSTRACT The effects of ethanol leaf-extract of Albizia ferruginea on haematological indices were investigated in albino rats using standard methods. Twenty four albino rats were randomly placed into four experimental groups (A, B, C and D) after seven days of acclimatization with six rats in each group. Animals in groups A, B, C and D were administered the ethanol leaf-extract of Albizia ferruginea at the doses of 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight respectively twice daily for fourteen days through oral intubation. The results showed that haemoglobin (Hb) level, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count and white blood cell (WBC) count increased significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently. The results suggest that the ethanol leaf-extract of Albizia ferruginea could be effective in the management of anaemia. Key words: Albizia ferruginea, leaf-extract, haematological indices, albino rats. INTRODUCTION Plants of various origins have been Albizia ferruginea is a perennial tree exploited effectively over many with about 45m high and 3m girth. The generations for therapeutic purposes [1] leaves are bipinnate with pinnae and have long been the principal tools exceeding sometimes seven pairs. It is a of traditional medicinal system as species of plant in the Fabaceae family, medicinal plants are part of human found in Angola, Benin, Cameroon, society to combat diseases since Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Senegal, civilization evolved [2]. World Health Togo, Uganda among others [5]. This Organization has found that about 80% species threatened by deforestation is of the developing countries’ populations widespread in west and central Africa are handicapped to affording [6]. It is called ‘Evouvous’ by Ewondo pharmaceutical drugs; rely on tribe in the central region of Cameroon, traditional medicines, mainly from the decoction of its barks mixed with plants, to sustain their primary health those of Ongokea gore and care needs [2]. Traditional systems of Piptadeniastrum africanum is used as medicine are popular in developing traditional remedy to cure infertility [6]. countries and up to 80% of population It is also called ‘’Uge-ehu’’ in Abakaliki relies on traditional medicines or folk dialect of Ebonyi State, Nigeria [7]. The remedies for their primary health care genus Albizia comprises approximately needs [3]. The use of herbs to treat 150 species, mostly trees and shrubs diseases is almost universal among non- native to tropical and subtropical industrialized societies [4]. Many of the regions of Asia and Africa. Stamens pharmaceuticals currently available to elongate and are usually white. Corolla physicians have a long history of use as (petals) is funnel-shaped, connate herbal remedies, including opium, beyond the middle. Its fruit is broadly aspirin, digitalis and quinine [4] 74 IDOSR JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3(1): 74-81, 2018. www.idosr.org Ukpabi et al linear indehiscent or 2-valved, valves haematological indices provides not twisted [8]. physiological information on a proper blood assessment. The major concern of [9] stated that certain haematological the scientific communities with regard factors such as packed cell volume, red to medicinal plants and haematological blood cell, haemoglobin, etc., can be studies focuses on the measures that associated with certain production traits can maintain a normal haematological and serve as means of assessing clinical state of being and reverse any negative and nutritional health status of animals. haematological status associated with It has also been documented that high various anaemic conditions [11]. packed cell volume (PCV) and high haemoglobin (Hb) content are associated There are pieces of information on the with high feed conversion ratio, while pharmacological properties of most high percentage of white blood cells are Albizia species, including anti-anaemic associated with the ability of the properties, treatment of rheumatism, animals to perform well under very stomach ache among others [8]. stressful conditions [10]. Anaemia is one Considerable information now exists on of the clinical conditions that constitute the use of many Albizia species in the a serious health problem in many management of some disorders and tropical countries as a result of the ailments; hence the need to evaluate the prevalence of different forms of effect of the ethanol leaf-extract of parasitic infections, including malaria Albizia ferruginea on haematological [11]. The determination of indices. Figure 1: Albizia ferruginea [8]. MATERIALS AND METHODS month of February while the adult male Materials albino rats were gotten from the animal house of Department of Veterinary The fresh leaves of Albizia ferruginea Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. were collected from Umuezeoka, Ezza North L.G.A. of Ebonyi State in the METHODS Exactly 300g of the powdered sample Extraction of Plant Material was soaked in 1200l of ethanol and allowed to stand for 48 hours. It was The leaves of the plant were rinsed in then filtered using a muslin cloth and tap water and dried. The dried leaves concentrated by evaporation to dryness were ground using a milling machine. using rotary evaporator 75 IDOSR JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3(1): 74-81, 2018. www.idosr.org Ukpabi et al . Administration of the Extract Collection of Blood Samples The experimental animals were placed The blood samples were collected into four (4) groups (A, B, C and D) of six through the femoral vein. (6) albino rats each. Group A was the normal control given 0.1 ml of normal Determination of Haematological saline only while animals in groups B, C Indices and D were given the ethanol leaf- extract at different doses of 200, 400 The haemoglobin level, PCV, WBC and and 600 mg/kg body weight RBC counts were determined according respectively. This administration was to the methods of [12]. done twice daily through oral intubation for 14 days. Feed and water were given Data Analysis ad libitum. Data were treated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the level of significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS c b d values with different alphabets show Figure 2: Haemoglobin levels of albino significant difference at p<0.05. rats administered ethanol leaf-extract of Albizia ferruginea.Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (n=6). Mean 76 IDOSR JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3(1): 74-81, 2018. www.idosr.org Ukpabi et al b a c d values with different alphabets show Figure 3: Packed cell volumes of albino significant difference at p<0.05. rats administered ethanol leaf-extract of Albizia ferruginea.Data are shown as mean± standard deviation (n=6). Mean a b c d values with different alphabets show Figure 4: Total WBC counts of albino rats significant difference at p<0.05. administered ethanol leaf-extract of Albizia ferruginea.Data are shown as mean± standard deviation (n=6). Mean 77 IDOSR JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3(1): 74-81, 2018. www.idosr.org Ukpabi et al a c b d mean± standard deviation (n=6). Mean Figure 5: Total RBC count of albino rats values with different alphabets show administered ethanol leaf-extract of significant difference at p<0.05. Albizia ferruginea. Data are shown as Data are shown as mean± standard Figure 6: Body weights of albino rats deviation (n=6). administered ethanol leaf-extract of Albizia ferruginea for fourteen days. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The ethanol leaf-extract of Albizia elevation in haemoglobin, PCV, WBC and ferruginea significantly (p<0.05) and RBC in rats administered with ethanol dose-dependently increased the leaf-extract of Moringa oleifera. [14] haemoglobin levels, PCV (%), WBC count observed a significant increase in PCV, and RBC count as shown in figures 2, 3, RBC counts, and WBC counts of the test 4 and 5 respectively. [13] reported an rats treated with the extract of 78 IDOSR JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3(1): 74-81, 2018. www.idosr.org Ukpabi et al Mangifera indica. [15] recorded a Albizia ferruginea (Figure 6). [18] significant increase in the haemoglobin reported that there was a body weight levels and percentage PCV in rats increase in albino rats that received administered ethanol leaf- extract of aqueous extracts of Cnidoscolous Milletia aboensis. [1] recorded acontifolius. [19] also recorded that significantly dose-dependent elevations there was a significant increase in the in haemoglobin levels and PCV of the weights of hypercholesterolemic rats animals administered with leaf-extract after two - week intake of high- of Mucuna pruriens. [16] showed the cholesterol diet. [1] reported that the potency of Moringa oleifera leaf - extract ethanol extract of Anacardium in increasing white blood cell counts in occidentale exerted a significant rats. [11] reported that the red blood decrease in the weights and physical cell counts and haemoglobin activities of the albino rats treated with concentrations increased significantly (P the extract. [20] reported a significant < 0.05) on
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