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LCNHA Feasibility Study Cover Draft02.Pmd Feasibility Study for the LITTLE COLORADO RIVER VALLEY NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA DRAFT Prepared by the Center for Desert Archaeology April 2008 table of contents 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND.................................................................. 1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 1 What is a National Heritage Area ......................................................................... 1 Background ......................................................................................................................2 Basic Description of the Study Area: Little Colorado River Valley..........................................................................................................................4 Study Process and History of Effort to Achieve Designation .......................... 6 Scope of Public Outreach and Involvement ........................................................ 7 Supporting Concurrent Efforts of Other Organizations .................................. 15 Preparation of Feasibility Study .......................................................................... 16 2. PROPOSED CONCEPT ................................................................................................ 18 Principles ........................................................................................................................ 18 Heritage Education ................................................................................................ 18 Voluntary Preservation ......................................................................................... 19 Security of Property Rights .................................................................................. 19 Local Management ................................................................................................. 19 General Guidelines ........................................................................................................ 20 Goals... ............................................................................................................................ 21 Goal 1: Development and Increase of Heritage Tourism, and a Resulting Boost in Economic Revenues and Value of Local Lifestyles .................................................................................................................. 21 Goal 2: Additional Source of Funding for Locally Important Projects Pertaining to Cultural Education and Resoruce Conservation ........................................................................................................... 21 Goal 3: Increased Ability to Effectively Network with Multiple Organizations on a Regional Scale and Pool Resources to Complete Tourism, Educational, and Conservation Projects ......................... 22 Goal 4: Increased Support for Local, Rural Economies ................................... 22 Goal 5: Expanded Opportunties and Resources for Volunteer Stewardship of Natural Resources and Elements of the Region’s Heritage ................................................................................................... 23 Goal 6: Balanced Preservation and Promotion ................................................. 23 Future Local Coordinating Entity and Conceptual Financial Plan ....................... 23 Federally Appointed Commissions .................................................................... 24 Locally Appointed Commissions ........................................................................ 25 Departments of Public Universities .................................................................... 25 Draft: 8 April 2008 Table of Contents Page ii Nonprofit Corporations ........................................................................................ 25 Future Local Coordinating Entity for the Little Colorado River Valley National Heritage Area .................................................................................... 27 Conceptual Financial Plan .................................................................................... 30 Proposed Boundaires .................................................................................................... 35 Roles of Different Organizations After Designation ............................................... 36 Petrified Forest National Park ............................................................................. 36 Little Colorado Heritage Partnership, Inc. ........................................................ 36 Center for Desert Archaeology ............................................................................ 37 3. HERITAGE THEMES AND RELATED RESOURCES ........................................... 38 Development of the Heritage Themes ....................................................................... 38 Theme 1: Sacred and Enchanted Lanscapes ............................................................. 40 Summary of Theme................................................................................................ 40 Description of Theme ............................................................................................ 41 Geology ............................................................................................................. 41 Paleontology .................................................................................................... 43 Hydrology ........................................................................................................ 44 Biology .............................................................................................................. 46 Distinctiveness of Theme ...................................................................................... 48 Related Resources .................................................................................................. 49 Related Resources List .......................................................................................... 49 Primary References ................................................................................................ 54 Theme 2: Trails, Roads, and Rails of the West ......................................................... 55 Summary of Theme................................................................................................ 55 Description of Theme ............................................................................................ 55 Native Trade and Travel Routes .................................................................. 55 Spanish Exploration........................................................................................ 57 Mormon Migration South.............................................................................. 58 East-West Corridor ......................................................................................... 60 Distinctiveness of Theme ...................................................................................... 69 Related Resources List .......................................................................................... 70 Primary References ................................................................................................ 74 Theme 3: Living from the Land .................................................................................. 75 Summary of Theme................................................................................................ 75 Description of Theme ............................................................................................ 76 Agricultural Antiquity, Continuity, and Change ...................................... 76 Food and Farming Diversity in Arid Landscapes ..................................... 76 Cattle Ranching and Sheepherding.............................................................. 79 Lumber ............................................................................................................. 84 Mining ............................................................................................................... 86 Distinctiveness of Theme ...................................................................................... 86 Related Resources List .......................................................................................... 87 Primary References ................................................................................................ 91 Theme 4: Native Nations ............................................................................................. 93 Summary of Theme................................................................................................ 93 Description of Theme ............................................................................................ 93 Hopi................................................................................................................... 94 Zuni ................................................................................................................... 98 Navajo ............................................................................................................. 102 White Mountain Apache .............................................................................. 105 Distinctiveness of Theme .................................................................................... 108 Related Resources ................................................................................................ 109 Related
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