DOCSLIB.ORG

PR0823 XC RACING MANUAL 11-07-08 14:10 Side I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PR0823 XC RACING MANUAL 11-07-08 14:10 Side I PR0823 XC RACING MANUAL 11-07-08 14:10 Side i main sponsort xc PR0823 XC RACING MANUAL 11-07-08 14:10 Side ii ii SWIX SPORT NORDIC TECH MANUAL Swix takes pride in its 60 year history as one of the strongest and most recognized brand names in skiing. Followed by pioneering research work in the mid 40’s, the Astra Pharmaceutical Company introduced revolutionary ski waxes based upon synthetic materials. The new 3-colored system was a breakthrough for all skiers, and de- mystified and simplified waxing. The new Swix system of waxing replaced the unscientific and often secret concoctions of tar, beeswax, melted bicycle tire inner rubes, and phonograph records, to mention just a few of the obscure ingredients. Before long Swix waxes were found Founder of Swix, Martin Matsbo, is testing grip in the world over, and recreational skiers and 1946. racers alike realized a new level of enjoyment and success. In 1974 the Liljedahl ski pole factory merged with Swix. At that time bamboo poles were on the way out in recreational skiing and aluminum poles were being replaced with high tech composite materials in racing. In the end of the 80’s, Swix was the first to commercially introduce the 3rd generation ski wax, Cera F fluoro powder. “Cera F” has become Scientific glide testing in 1946. a standard within ski waxing and is a trademark of Swix. During its 60 year history Swix has compiled an unbeaten record of Olympic and World Championship victories. With this manual it is the objective to present the most up to date waxing methods based upon the feed back from our World Cup Service Teams. For more information about Swix products Test skier in speedtrap - 1946. please visit us web pages www.swixsport.com and www.swixschool.com. PR0823 XC RACING MANUAL 11-07-08 14:10 Side 1 SWIX SPORT NORDIC TECH MANUAL 1 Contents Why Wax Skis? . 2 Snow Classification System . 3 Structure in Ski Bases & Tools . 4 - 9 Swix Cera Nova System . 10 - 18 Base Brushing . 19 - 23 Ironing . 24 - 25 Swix Kick Waxes for Classic Skiing . 26 - 35 Post-Treatment of Stone Ground Skis . 37 - 39 Practical Application of Glide Waxes . 41 - 43 Application of Cera F . 44 - 57 EP Abrading Cross Country Skis . 58 - 59 Y ST Application of Hard Waxes . 60 - 61 Application of Base Klister . 62 EP B Application of Klisters . 63 ST After the Race - Base Cleaning . 64 - 66 SWIX SPORT AS Serviceboks, N-2626 Lillehammer Photos: Swix Sport AS & Scanpix Tlf.: 61 22 21 00 • Fax: 61 25 23 28 Printed on recycled paper in Norway by BK Gruppen www.swixsport.com PR0823 XC RACING MANUAL 11-07-08 14:10 Side 2 2 SWIX SPORT NORDIC TECH MANUAL Why do we wax/glide skis Factors Influencing Waxing The purpose of waxing is either to create friction, the proper steps for dealing with the increased or grip, in the case of kick wax, or to reduce it as water content of the snow. with glide wax. The intention with the waxing process is to make the ski base as compatible Humidity as possible with the features of the snow sur- Humidity is important, but more as a local cli- face. However, the snow conditions change with mate trend rather than a need to measure every time and temperature. Even when temperatures percentile. It is important to know if the competi- remain below freezing, time (hours and days) will tion is taking place in a dry climate, meaning progressively deform sharp, classic snow crys- average humidity below 50%; a normal climate tals into more rounded forms. We call this trans- of 50% to 80%, or a high humidity climate 80% formed snow. The higher the temperature, the to 100%. Beyond this, of course, is adjusting to faster the transformation will proceed. the situation of falling precipitation. Water also plays a significant role. Water molecules surround snow crystals as thin water Snow Granulation films even when temperatures are below the The appearance of the snow crystal and conse- freezing point. Above freezing, water plays a quent snow surface is important for wax selec- greater role as free water mixes with the snow tion. Falling, or very fresh new fallen snow is the pack. The distribution of water and ice will influ- most critical situation for waxing. The sharp crys- ence friction and abrasiveness. Therefore tals require a wax that will resist snow crystal modern Swix waxes take into consideration penetration, but at warmer temperatures must many factors in their formulation and composi- also have the ability to repel water. It is in this tion. The result is different waxes for different special, critical waxing situation that Cera F conditions. In this chapter Swix will guide you excels. through the main features of snow and friction to Man-made snow is today common racing make the choice of the proper ski wax easier. situations. Freshly made snow at cold temper- ature definitely require the addition of synthetic Temperature paraffin such as with CH4, LF4, HF4, HF4BW Taking a reading of the air temperature in the and CH6, LF6, HF6 and HF6BW. After man- shade is the first basic starting point for wax made snow has “settled” for some days and the selection. surrounding atmosphere has affected the snow This should be done at several points along surface, the gliding characteristics of the snow the course. Snow temperature at the surface can improve and normal waxing considerations also be helpful. But remember that once the tem- return. perature reaches the freezing point (0°C or At rising air temperatures above 0°C (32°F) 32°F), snow will remain at that temperature the snow temperature still remains at 0°C (32°F). regardless of rising air temperature. At this point The water surrounding the snow crystals increas- it is best to use air temperatures and focus on es until the snow pack becomes saturated with www.swixschool.com PR0823 XC RACING MANUAL 11-07-08 14:10 Side 3 SWIX SPORT NORDIC TECH MANUAL 3 Swix Snow Classification System water. Waxes that are highly water repellent and Group 3. coarse base structures are needed. The final stage of transformation. Uniform, rounded, bonded grains characterize Snow friction the snow surface. Also called “old” snow. The friction on ice and snow is a mixed friction. It means that it is neither a true dry friction nor Group 4. a true fluid friction. The contact is partly dry, Wet snow. If snow-grains belonging to group 1, partly wet. At very low temperatures the frictional 2 or 3 are exposed to warm weather, the result mechanisms gradually might be described by is wet snow. laws governing dry friction. At intermediate freezing temperatures, Group 5. around -4°C to -10°C (25°F to 14°F), the water Frozen or refrozen. When wet snow freezes it film between the frictional partners has the opti- is identified as group 5, characterized by large mal thickness to create low kinetic friction. grains with frozen melt water in between. Approaching the freezing point, the water film The snow surface is hard and icy, normally increases in thickness, and when conditions for requiring a klister as kick wax. melting is present, free water enters the system. The contact area between ski and snow increases and the friction will increase. Suction gradually builds up as the amount of water increases. Swix Snow Classification System Swix has introduced a simple classification system for snow identification. The symbols are created to help skiers find the best wax 1. NEW FALLEN SNOW 2. FINE GRAINED SNOW for actual conditions. Below freezing Below freezing Group 1. Falling and new fallen snow characterized by relatively sharp crystals, demanding relatively hard ski wax. 3. OLD / GRAINED / 4. WET CORN SNOW Group 2. TRANSFORMED SNOW Above freezing Below freezing An intermediate transformation stage, character- ized by grains no longer possible to identify as the original snow-crystal shape; often called “fine-grained” snow in ski-wax terminology. 5. FROZEN CORN (Old) SNOW (Melted/Frozen) Below freezing www.swixschool.com PR0823 XC RACING MANUAL 11-07-08 14:10 Side 4 4 SWIX SPORT NORDIC TECH MANUAL Structure Base Structures and Swix Rilling / Imprint Tools Structure is a term used to describe patterns therefore enhance the effectiveness of a basic cut into the base to reduce base contact on the stone ground base. snow and to release surface tension from water There is an important difference between films caused by base friction. These structure structures produced by machine and those pro- patterns are most often produced by stone duced by hand. Stone ground structures are cut grinding machines at the factory during produc- into the base, and are more permanent in nature. tion or by shops that specialize in the stone Hand structures use “imprint” tools that press the grinding process. It is also possible to produce structure into the base, and consequently are structures using hand tools. temporary. For a period of time there was much experi- Swix imprint tools have the advantage of mentation and testing of many types of patterns being easy and quick to use while at the same in order to find the best structure for different time offer the most adaptability of adjusting the snow types. The search with different stone structure to match the snow type. During the grinders, different structure depths, widths, process of rewaxing the heat from the iron will and patterns, all aiming to find “the ultimate cause the pattern to leave the base while keep- structure”, was overwhelming.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • United States Ski and Snowboard Association
    INTRODUCTION TO SKI RACING: COMPETITION OFFICIAL - ALPINE SEASON 2021 Welcome! This online course has been designed to provide as an introduction to ski racing for parents and new officials and will serve as a foundation for your entry into officiating at an alpine event. Completion of this course, together with current U.S. Ski & Snowboard Alpine Coach/Official or Official membership, is required in order to be certified as a Competition Official (CO). Competition Official certification is one of the prerequisites for certification in the following specialty areas: Chief of Course Chief of Race Jury Advisor – Start and Finish Referee Race Administration Referee Timing & Calculations Technical Delegate New officials should work 1-2 days in each area: Gate Judge, course maintenance under direction of the Chief of Course, assisting the Chief of Race, assisting the Race Secretary, and assisting the Chief of Timing and Calculations. This will provide a good idea of what an individual does or does NOT want to do as an official. Assisting these officials and/or serving in the capacity of a Gate Judge, Jury Secretary, Assistant Starter, Starter, manual timekeeper, course crew, etc., may be recognized for advancement in the Competition Official (CO) category. U.S. Ski & Snowboard Official membership is required for advancement. To complete this course, carefully read each unit and instructions for completing/submitting the required quiz. After completing the quiz, follow instructions email it to your designated Clinic Instructor or your Alpine Officials’ Education Chair; DO NOT email to [email protected]. This will serve as verification of your completion of the clinic requirement for certification as an Alpine Competition Official (CO).
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Technique for Kick Waxing
    Basic Technique for Kick Waxing Both kick and glide waxing are considered art forms in cross-country skiing primarily because of all the subtle additions and variations that can be involved. With volumes of literature and sales pitches available, a beginner can easily get intimidated by all the information and choices. Waxing can be an easy and enjoyable part of the XC skiing experience if you have a few pointers and practice a few times. Here a beginner will find some useful tips for getting started in waxing and a familiarization with the waxing process. This discussion covers only kick waxing, not glide waxing. Why? The Classic motion fundamentally differs from Skating primarily in the way in which we transfer drive from one side of the body to the other. Skating uses an edge to obtain "purchase" in the snow for the weight transfer without any kick wax. In Classic skiing, to obtain "purchase" you must have something underneath the middle third of the ski that will "grab" or "stick" to the snow crystals just enough to provide a launchpad to drive onto the other side. This "something" is either a synthetic "waxless" pattern permanently imbedded in the ski base OR it is some form of "kick wax". In our generally dry snow conditions in the Bulkley Valley, waxable skis are the best choice. Kick wax is only applied to the middle third of a waxable ski known as the "wax pocket" or "kick zone". Kick wax behind the kick zone will only slow down a ski and will not aid in getting kick.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,746,769 B2 Owen (45) Date of Patent: Jun
    US008746769B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,746,769 B2 Owen (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 10, 2014 (54) PORTABLESKIAND SKI POLE CARRIER (56) References Cited SYSTEM U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (71) Applicant: David B. Owen, Stevenson Ranch, CA (US) 946,850 A 1/1910 Tabler 3.278,097 A 10, 1966 Duckworth 3,768,711 A 10, 1973 Wiki (72) Inventor: David B. Owen, Stevenson Ranch, CA 4,114,838 A * 9/1978 Arson . 294,157 (US) 4,402,542 A 9/1983 Kreutzer 4.483.380 A 11/1984 Beran (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 4,553,779 A 1 1/1985 Shortridge patent is extended or adjusted under 35 4,705,281. A 1 1/1987 Spinas U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 4,746,159 A 5, 1988 Webb et al. 4,852.931 A 8, 1989 Ferdi (21) Appl. No.: 14/042,400 4,856,689 A ck 8, 1989 Shore ............................ 224,218 (Continued) (22) Filed: Sep. 30, 2013 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (65) Prior Publication Data DE 42 1885.0 A1 12, 1993 US 2014/0028041 A1 Jan. 30, 2014 FR 2 637 193 A1 6, 1990 Related U.S. Application Data (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 13/044,253, Primary Examiner - Dean Kramer filed on Mar. 9, 2011, now Pat. No. 8,616,600. (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Kelly & Kelley, LLP (60) Provisional application No. 61/314,710, filed on Mar. 17, 2010, provisional application No. 61/352.907, (57) ABSTRACT filed on Jun.
    [Show full text]
  • SKI & SNOWBOARD TOOLS & WAX Tögnar Toolworks 2012-2013 SKI
    SKISKI && SNOWBOARDSNOWBOARD TOOLSTOOLS && WAXWAX TögnarTögnar ToolworksToolworks 2012-20132012-2013 WHY TUNE? Your equipment, like a sportscar, needs to be tuned regularly. Oth- erwise you’ll enjoy only a fraction of the performance you paid so dearly for...sorta like driving a Porsche with bald tires! Basic tuning and waxing isn’t rocket science. It doesn’t take much time to learn. It can save bucks and make your day on the slopes a lot more enjoyable. Armed with some basic tools and information, you can learn to tune and wax achieving the same results that you’d expect from a shop...and enjoy yourself in the process too. Here at Tognar we don’t try to be all things to all skiers and riders...we simply stock all the tuning and waxing stuff you’ll ever need, and provide the helpful info you’ll need as well. See you on the slopes! SKIVISIONS SKI SHARP One of our most popular tools. The SkiSharp files, bevels and pol- ishes both base and side edges simultaneously...instead of one at a time like other bevel tools. It features separate adjustments so you can choose different bevel angles for each edge surface in precise 1/4 degree increments from 0° to 3°. It includes a pair of replaceable mill file inserts for basic filing or beveling needs. Optional inserts include - Carbide Skiver blade (for rapidly “roughing-in” side bevel angles), Green Stones (for new skis/firm snow), Ceramic to sharpen & polish edges.The Stone grit can be refreshed almost indefinately with the proprietary diamond file.
    [Show full text]
  • Slalom Poles & Stubbies Slope Marking & Caution Poles Barrier Tape Drill Bits B-Net C-Net Gate Panels Race Bibs Radio Chest Pack
    Slalom poles & stubbies Slope marking & caution poles Barrier tape Drill bits Warranty Gate panels B-net 1 year on flex pole shaft, bases & hinge Race bibs C-net Radio chest pack Warranty We are so confident in our product that we offer a 1 year warranty on all flex-pole shafts, bases and flexes. The past seasons this has resulted in less than 3% average warranty claim rate. Weight BAW gates are about 10% lighter than many competitors’ gates using metal hinges. It may not sound like allot, but matters when one carries 20-30 gate bundles. History BAW do not have as short history as one may think. It all originated in Östersund, Sweden. Liftbyggarna produced in the late 70's some of the very first flex plastic poles, that also where sold in North America. As Lift- byggarna decided to concentrate on lift building, US Reliable Racing Sup- ply (RRS) were given the permission NEW! MID Featherbase to continue with what today is Break- Offers less recistance during course pulling, A-Way slalom poles. And the first yet great performance. A great alternative for hinged poles ever to be used in a WC- those that feel the Featherbase can be tough event where BAW in Waterville Valley to pull out off the snow yet seek featherbase 1980. BAW was the official supplier of has in just a few years established itself as stay-put performance. the Nagano Olympics as well as the a major slalom pole supplier in Europe. WC-finals and World Championships Not at all surprising considering: Shafts now with even in Vail.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dangers of Fluorinated Ski Waxes
    ECO-JOURNAL January 2021 Julien Lanouette-Babin The Dangers of Fluorinated Ski Waxes Winter is often associated with skiing. To practice this sport, many people apply wax under their skis (or their snowboard) to slide better on slopes and to have a better skiing experience. Last year, a ban on fluorinated waxes was announced by the International Ski Federation council for implementation in the summer of 2021. Many questions have arisen with this new regulation: why was fluoride added to natural wax, what are the main issues caused due to this addition and what are the impacts of the ban on the end user. In this article, I will answer these questions and suggest an ecological replacement for waxing skis. Glide wax (or fast wax) is used to minimize the friction with the snow for both alpine and cross-country skiing. Traditionally, waxes are composed of solid hydrocarbons (such as paraffin). In the case of high-performance waxes, they also contain fluorine to achieve lower friction and high-water repellency than that which is achieved by pure wax alone. Waxes enriched with fluorocarbons or polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have the Teflon effect. It makes the surface coated with this wax barely stick to the snow, thus increasing the desired sliding effect. On the other hand, the addition of PFAS have negative effects on the environment and on humans. In 2010, after the world’s biggest Nordic ski contest, scientist tested the snow and soil and found them tainted with fluorocarbons, which have been also linked to cancers and liver damage. The Stockholm restrictions on the production and use of PFAS (see article in ASEQ- EHAQ newsletters, August 2020 for more details), bans their use in international competitions.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 11 Glossary of Ski Terms by Skis.Com 9/6/2015
    Glossary of Ski Terms by Skis.com Page 1 of 11 Home > Ski-O-Pedia > Glossary of Ski Terms Glossary of Ski Terms By Steve Kopitz 12/18/2012 Skiing and snowboarding are two of the greatest winter sports on the planet, and like anything else in this world the two sports have certain terms and jargon that can be confusing without a bit of definition. Below you will find a number of terms/phrases used in skiing and snowboarding to refer to products, clothing, and the sports of skiing and snowboarding in general. We have provided a brief definition to help clear up any confusion or questions you may have on these terms/phrases. A ABS Sidewall: Industry term for a type of edge construction on skis and snowboards using high quality ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) plastic. All-Mountain Ski: A large percentage of Alpine skis fall into this category. All-Mountain skis are designed to perform in all types of snow conditions and at most speeds. Other names for this style of ski include Mid- Fat skis, All-Purpose skis, and the One-ski Quiver. Alpine Skiing: Downhill skiing, as opposed to Nordic Skiing. Après-Ski: The day’s over – time for drinks and swapping war stories from the slopes. Audio Helmet: A helmet wired with speakers that allows you to listen to music while skiing. Avalanche Beacon: A safety device worn by skiers, snowboarders, and others in case an avalanche traps them. The beacon transmits a signal (typically at the international standard frequency of 457khz) that rescuers can use to locate a buried person.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Faster Skis: the Development of New Surface Modifications and Treatments to Reduce Overall Friction in Alpine
    Towards faster skis: The development of new surface modifications and treatments to reduce overall friction in alpine skiing. A dissertation submitted to The University of Sheffield Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Snowsports Engineering Presented by Richard C Coupe October 2013 Abstract Developments in sport technology have been driven by competition and skiing is no exception. Skiing has evolved over many years making use of new materials and post-treatments methods, but in recent years progress has been limited. The low friction exhibited when sliding over snow and ice is governed by the tribological interaction between ski base and snow and the subsequent accumulation of a thin melt water film. The properties of new, innovative, blended ski base materials and post-treatment methods have been investigated using a range of methodologies. The incorporation of fluorinated hydrophobic silica nanoparticles into current ski waxes has been achieved. These nanoparticles have also been used as nano-abrasives to modify the physical surface structure of a ski base composed of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE). Such polyethylene samples were also subjected to other physical treatment methods including abrasion with 120 grit, 800 grit sandpapers and 10-15µm silica particles combined with surface planing. The resultant surfaces were examined under a scanning electron microscope, contact angle tested and friction tested. The surface treatments which tended to be both physically and chemically hydrophobic were found to be beneficial at reducing friction in warm and wet snow conditions (snow temperature above -2°C). The addition of carbon black to UHMW-PE was also found to be beneficial in reducing static friction on snow.
    [Show full text]
  • World Para Alpine Skiing Rules and Regulations
    World Para Alpine Skiing Rules and Regulations 2018/2019 August 2018 World Para Alpine Skiing Rules and Regulations For Alpine Skiing: Downhill, Super-G, Super Combined, Giant Slalom, Slalom, & Team Events 2018-2019 Season – valid until 1 October 2019 World Para Alpine Skiing Rules and Regulations: Competition Season 2018-2019 1 Contents Section 1: Regulations 300 Joint Regulations for World Para Alpine Skiing (WPAS) 301 WPAS Competitions 302 World Cup (Level 0) and Europa Cup, NORAM (Level 1) Point System, Rankings and Trophies 303 World Para Alpine Skiing Calendar 304 World Para Alpine Skiing Race Licence (WPAS Licence) 305 Race Licence Pre-requisites 306 Competitor’s Obligations and Rights 307 Sponsorships and Advertising 308 Display of Competition Equipment 309 Organisation of Competition 310 Invitation/Programme 311 Competition Administration and Fee Regulations (Athletes and Organising Committees) 312 Competition Entries 313 Team Captains’ Meetings 314 Draw 315 Start List / Publication of Results 316 Competitor Medical Examinations and Compliance with the IPC Anti-Doping Code 317 Medical Services Required from Event Organisers 318 Competition Equipment 319 Equipment Controls 320 Gambling and Competitions 321 Sanctions 322 Procedural Guidelines 323 Protests 324 Place of Submission World Para Alpine Skiing Rules and Regulations: Competition Season 2018-2019 2 325 Deadlines for Submission 326 Form of Protests 327 Protest Fees 328 Authorisation 329 Settlement of Protests by the Jury 330 Appeals Section 2: Rules Common to All Alpine Skiing
    [Show full text]
  • Mountain and Event Outfitters Since 1991
    Mountain and Event Outfitters Since 1991 2017 / 2018 WORLD CUP SUPPLY, INC. B-NET SPM B-Nets and Fence Poles 3 SPM Gates 4-5 7cm & 5cm B-Net B-Nets from SPM set the standard for quality and durability in alpine racing, resort and terrain park safety systems. SPM SPM Gate Panels / Gate Parts 6-7 News for 2017/18 B-Nets feature a knotted mesh made of 3.5mm polyethylene twine treated with UV inhibitors. Air Pads / A-Net Systems 8 Our Mission…. SPM’s Light B-Net with 7cm mesh is an economical safety solution when paired with SPM’s Light B-Net poles, and Bamboo / NewBoo / Impact Pads 9 weighs 34% less and is 30% less expensive than the 5cm. From U12 to FIS, SPM’s “Light” B-Net is used for tech events and as a first line in multiple row set-ups for speed events. The Light system is perfect as a last line for tubing hill run Coaches Tools “World Cup Supply is committed to providing innovative and quality products to the ski B-NET & FENCE POLE PACKAGES 10-11 outs as well as spill zones in terrain parks. racing, resort and event industries. Furthermore, we strongly believe in the role we play in Start To Finish 12-13 SPM’s 5cm B-Net is also available in 20m x 2m sections and features the same 3.5mm twine as the Light B-Net. Rugged Save $$$ when you order complete Race Course Accessories 14 enhancing safety in alpine skiing, alpine ski racing and other action sports.
    [Show full text]
  • Advice Wax Accessories Equipment
    WAX FLY TO SUCCESS 85 YEARS OF STORIES & PODIUMS Depuis 1935 nous concevons des farts pour apporter de meilleurs sensations et de meilleurs performances à chacun. Chaque fart est conçu, fabriqué et emballé en France, au pied du Mont-Blanc à Passy. La passion du ski et l’innovation sont des valeurs motrices, transmisent de générations en générations dans l’entreprise. Since 1935 we have been created farts to bring better sensations and better performances to everyone. Each wax is designed, cast and packed in France, at the foot of the Mont Blanc in Passy. The passion of skiing and the innovation are our values that we are transfering from generation to generation in the company. ADVICE Pages 04-13 WA X Pages 14-41 ACCESSORIES Pages 42-61 Other side EQUIPMENT of the catalogue #volaracing 2 3 © AGENCE ZOOM ADVICE WAXING SELECTOR & VIDEOS TUTORIALS Easy To Use Helpfull 100% Fun Download the App ! 4 5 © AGENCE ZOOM CHOOSE YOUR WAX GLIDE WAX ADVICE Kick Wax Fresh Snow Old & Transformed Snow E-Wax MyEcoWax Universal Wax Bases Wax Race Wax Top Finish Wax & Klisters Wax All Snows Dry Wet Dry Wet E-Wax Base VRB Universal Wax Bases Wax : Touring Graphite All T° LF Graphite MX901 X-Hard Hard Medium Soft MX Bleu LF Bleu HF Bleu LF Bleu Moly HF Bleu Moly Cold MyEcoWax Ocean FREE FLUOR RANGES MX Violet LF Violet HF Violet LF Violet Moly HF Violet Moly Moderate MyEcoWax Lavender MX Rouge LF Rouge HF Rouge LF Rouge Moly HF Rouge Moly Race Wax - MX MyEcoWax Intermediate MyEcoWax Ruby MX Jaune LF Jaune HF Jaune LF Jaune Moly HF Jaune Moly Universal Wax Warm
    [Show full text]
  • Ipc Alpine Skiing/Snowboard Equipment Rule Book
    IPC ALPINE SKIING/SNOWBOARD EQUIPMENT RULE BOOK 2013/2014 Season valid until 1 October 2014 IPC Alpine Skiing reserves the right to further interpret and/or supplement these Rules in order to help ensure that their spirit and purposes are respected. Competition equipment used for IPC Alpine Skiing is regulated according to the FIS Competition Equipment Specifications. Competition equipment The term „competition equipment“ implies all items of equipment used by athletes in competitive skiing, including clothing and implements that serve a technical function. The entire competition equipment forms a functional unit. In this connection the following points must be observed: . the principle of safety . the principle of fairness Competition implements Competition implements refer to equipment which fulfil essential functions during the competition but which can be separated from the actual competition. Examples: skis, bindings, boots, poles, clothing, helmets, ski goggles. Additional equipment (accessories) Additional competition equipment (accessories) are those components or implements which exert an influence on the technical function of the competition equipment and which are attached directly to the equipment by means of recognised fastenings. Such accessories do not perform essential functions during the competition. Example: para-blocks, plastic tip covers, additional weights, back protectors. Protected equipment not defined in the above rules are obliged to sign the IPCAS Waiver ACCEPTANCE OF RISK AND RELEASE OF CLAIMS, to participate in IPCAS competitions. Athletes/Guides must use equipment appropriate for their gender. IPC Alpine Skiing/Snowboard Equipment Rule Book 2 Alpine Racing Skis Definition Skis, predominantly for use in Downhill, Slalom, Giant Slalom and Super- G, racing on suitable terrain and utilising the force of gravity.
    [Show full text]