Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka - Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

CHAPTER - 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 TYPE OF THE PROJECT As mentioned in the previous chapter, the proposed project is an expansion project - which falls under Category ‘A’ projects as per the EIA Notification, 2006 & as amended from time to time; Project or Activity ‘3(b)’ Cement Plants - in which the expansion of Clinker and Captive Power Plant by M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited (Unit: Sewagram Cement Works) will be carried out on the additional area available within the plant premises.

2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT Cement manufacturing Industries are one of the important sectors of the Indian Economy. The sector has experienced phenomenal growth especially after the decontrol regime from 1999 and greater thrust by Government on Infrastructure development and spurt in housing construction sector has led to increased demand for cement.

India has a lot of potential for development in the infrastructure and construction sector and the cement sector is expected to largely benefit from it. Some of the recent major government initiatives such as development of 100 smart cities are expected to provide a major boost to the sector.

India's cement demand is expected to reach 550-600 Million Tonnes Per Annum (MTPA) by 2025. The housing sector is the biggest demand driver of cement, accounting for about 67% of the total consumption in India. The other major consumers of cement include infrastructure at 13%, commercial construction at 11% and industrial construction at 9%.

In order to meet the increasing demand, most cement plants are making efforts to achieve higher production levels, at times by stretching the existing production facilities and by adding additional capacities. Looking into the increasing demand of Cement, M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. (Unit: Sewagram Cement Works) is proposed for an expansion of Clinkerization plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 160 MW) in Integrated Cement Plant at Village - Vayor, Taluka - Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat).

2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT The plant site is located in Vayor Village of Abdasa taluka of Kutch district in the state of Gujarat.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 38 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka - Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

2.3.1 General Location Map The map showing general location of the plant site is as given below:

Figure 2.1: Location Map

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 39 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

2.3.2 Specific Location Map The map showing specific location of the plant site along with geographical coordinates is as given below in Figure - 2.2 and Google Earth downloaded image of the plant site is given in Figure - 2.3.

Figure 2.2: Map showing Specific Plant Location along with Corner Co-ordinates of the Plant site

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 40 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Figure 2.3: Google Earth Downloaded Map of the Plant Site

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 41 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

2.3.3 Project Site Layout Total plant area is 699.85 ha and is already under the possession of M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited. Land use of the existing land area is industrial; and the expansion will be carried out within the plant premises. Therefore, there will be no change in the Land use.

Total plant area is 699.85 ha; out of which 232.0 ha area (i.e. 33% of the total plant area) will be developed under greenbelt / plantation; out of which 120.30 ha area have already been developed under greenbelt / plantation and remaining 111.70 ha area is proposed to be developed under greenbelt / plantation.

Project area break-up is given in Table - 2.1.

Table - 2.1 Plant Area Break-up Unit Existing (ha) Additional (ha) Total after expansion (ha) Cement Plant 90 118.15 208.15 Captive Power Plant Colony 97.85 - 97.85 Greenbelt / Plantation 120.30 111.70 232 Open area 382.4 (-) 229.85 152.55 Others (Auto Workshop 9.30 - 9.30 and old store area etc.) Total Plant Area 699.85 - 699.85

Source: Pre-feasibility Report

In the existing plant, various facilities have been built in terms of plant operation. Some of the major facilities are - . Rotary Kiln . Cement Mill . Captive Power Plant . Water Treatment Plant . Colony Area . Storage facilities for Limestone, Clinker, Fly ash, Gypsum, Cement etc.

The plant layout showing exiting as well as proposed units indicating storage areas, greenbelt area etc. is given on the next page (Figure - 2.4).

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 42 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Figure 2.4: Plant Layout

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 43 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

2.3.4 Project Site Photographs

Photograph no. Description Photograph no. Description 01 Overview of Plant 02 OHS Centre at Colony

Photograph no. Description Photograph no. Description 03 Bag House with Clinker Cooler 04 Paved roads within the premises

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 44 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Photograph no. Description Photograph no. Description 05 Import of fly ash in bulkers 06 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

Photograph no. Description Photograph no. Description 07 Vacuum sweeping machine 08 Covered Convey or Belt

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 45 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Photograph no. Description Photograph no. Description 09 Greenbelt / Plantation at Plant Site 10 Greenbelt / Plantation at Plant Site

Photograph no. Description Photograph no. Description 11 Greenbelt / Plantation at Plant Site 12 Greenbelt / Plantation at Plant Site

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 46 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

2.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation

In the expansion, there will be approx. 100 % increase in the production capacities as of the existing capacities; which will be done by installation of new lines (New line - III & IV). The estimated capital cost of the project is Rs. 3500 Crores.

2.4.1 Facilities / Activities Proposed

The major facilities and associated activities proposed as a part of expansion project are as given below:

Table - 2.2 Facilities and Associated Activities Proposed Unit Major facilities and associated activities proposed Clinkerization – New advanced Raw Mill (VRM) Plant – New Reclaimer & Stacker along with Coal Mill – New higher capacity Kiln (2 no.) – Storage facilities for Raw Materials & Clinker CPP – New CFBC Boiler (3 no.) with ESPs / Bag house and SO2 emission control system. – New turbine of 35 MW capacity (3 no.)

2.5 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT The project requirements such as raw material, fuel, water, power, manpower with source of supply are described in the sections below.

2.5.1 Raw Material Requirement Major raw material required for Clinkerization plant is Limestone, Clay and Laterite. The raw material requirement for both the phase (Phase -1 & 2) will be same. Details regarding quantity of raw materials required, their source along with distance and mode of transportation are given in Table - 2.3. Table - 2.3 Raw Material Requirement, Source and Transportation Required Quantity (MTPA) Name of Distance & Mode S. No. Raw Proposed Total after Source Existing expansion proposed of Transportation Material (Phase - 1 & 2) expansion ~1-8 km; Road / 1. Limestone 6.4 6.4 12.8 Captive Limestone Mines Proposed Covered Conveyor Belt Ashapura China Clay ~140 km; Road / ~6 2. Clay 0.54 0.54 1.08 Mines / Captive Clay Mine km Captive Baranda Laterite 3. Laterite 0.27 0.27 0.54 ~12 km; Road Mine Source: Pre-feasibility Report

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 47 JM EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

*NOTE: Limestone, Laterite and Clay is being / will be sourced from Captive Mines. Details of the same is given below:  Kharai Harudi Limestone Mine (ML area: 2831.61 ha) with production capacity of 6.8 MTPA located in Village(s) - Kharai, Jadva, Vaghapadhar & Harudi, Taluka(s) - Lakhpat & Abdasa, District Kutch (Gujarat). Environmental Clearance for the same has already been obtained in the name of M/s. Jaypee Gujarat Cement Plant from MoEFCC, New Delhi vide letter no. J-11015/390/2008-IA.II(M) dated 22 nd February, 2011.

 Harudi Kharai Limestone Mine (ML area: 659 ha) with production capacity of 1.505 MTPA at Village(s) - Kharai & Harudi, Taluka(s) - Abdasa & Lakhpat, District - Kutch (Gujarat). Environmental Clearance for the same has already been obtained from MoEFCC, New Delhi vide letter no. J-11015/102/2006-IA.II(M) dated 6 th December, 2006. *Now, to cater the additional requirement of limestone for proposed expansion of Clinkerization plant, UTCL is also proposing expansion in production capacity of Harudi Kharai Limestone Mine (ML area: 659 ha) from 1.505 to 5.0 MTPA for which initially ToR letter has been granted vide letter no. J-11015/73/2012-IA.II(M) dated 31 st July, 2015 and validity extended ToR letter vide letter no. J-11015/73/2012-IA.II(M) dated 11 th April, 2016.

Laterite is being / will be sourced from captive Baranda Laterite Mine. Details of the same is given below:

 Baranda Laterite Mine (ML area: 400 ha) with production capacity of 36000 TPA at Village - Baranda, Taluka - Lakhpat, District - Kutch (Gujarat). Environmental Clearance for the same has already been obtained in the name of M/s Jaypee Gujarat Cement Plant, A Unit of Jaiprakash Associates Limited (Formerly known as M/s Gujarat Anjan Cement Ltd.) from MoEFCC, New Delhi vide letter no. J-11015/889/2007-IA.II(M) dated 22 nd February, 2011. *Now, to cater the additional requirement of laterite for proposed expansion of cement project, UTCL is also proposing expansion in production capacity of Baranda Laterite Mine (ML area: 400 ha) from 36000 TPA to 2,50,000 TPA for which ToR letter has been granted vide letter no. J- 11015/19/2015-IA.II(M) dated 11 th April, 2016.

Clay will also be sourced from the captive Kharai Vayor Pozzolana Clay Mines. Details of the same is given below:

 Proposed Kharai Vayor Pozzolana Clay Mines (ML area: 432.3 ha) with production capacity of 1.693 MTPA near Village(s) - Kharai & Vayor, Taluka(s) –Lakhpat & Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat).

Environmental Clearance for the same has already been obtained from MoEFCC, New Delhi vide letter no. J-11015/59/2012-IA.II(M) dated 26 th October, 2016.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 48 JM EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Mass Balance Diagram Mass Balance Diagram for manufacturing of OPC & PPC is shown in Figure - 2.5.

Figure 2.5: Mass Balance Diagram

2.5.2 Fuel Requirement The fuel requirement for both the phase (Phase-1 & 2) will be same. Details regarding quantity of fuel required, their source along with distance & mode of transportation for proposed expansion project are given in Table - 2.4

Table - 2.4 Fuel Requirement, Source and Transportation Required Quantity (MTPA) Name of Distance & Calorific % S. Total after % Raw Proposed Source Mode of value Sulph No. Existing proposed Ash Material expansion Transportation (Kcal. /kg) ur expansion Coal/ South Lignite/ African Imported 1. 0.58 0.58 1.16 Coal - Adani Coal / Port, Petcoke - Petcoke 4000 to 17 to 0.6 to Kiln from ~175 km; Road 6200 28 3.0 Coal/ reliance, Lignite/ Lignite 2. Imported 0.48 0.53 1.01 from GMDC Coal - Mines- CPP Adani Port Source: Pre-feasibility Report

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 49 JM EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

2.5.3 Water Requirement Total fresh water requirement for the Existing plant is 3320 KLD and additional fresh water requirement for the expansion project (Phase -1 & 2) will be 3120 KLD. Thus, the total fresh water requirement after expansion will be 6340 KLD; which will be sourced from the Desalination plant. Break-up of the water requirement is given in Table - 2.5 and Water Balance Diagram is given in Figure - 2.6. Table - 2.5 Break- up of Water Requirement Requirement (KLD) Purpose Additional for proposed Total after proposed Existing expansion (Phase -1 & 2) expansion Cement Plant 1400 1400 2800 Captive Power Plant 500 700 1200 Colony & Plant 1000 300 1300 (Domestic + Drinking) Greenbelt / Plantation 320 720 1040 TOTAL 3220 3120 6340

Status of Approval: Water is being / will be sourced from Desalination plant, for which the Environmental Clearance has already been obtained from MoEFCC, New Delhi vide letter no. J-11011/398/2009-IAII (I) dated 22 nd July, 2015. The same is enclosed as Annexure - 2 along with EIA /EMP Report.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 50 JM EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Water Balance Diagram for Total Water Requirement

Figure 2.6: Water Balance Diagram

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 51 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

2.5.4 Power Requirement Existing power requirement for the plant is 55 MW. Additional requirement for expansion project is 70 MW (Phase -1 & 2). Thus, the total power requirement after proposed expansion will be about 125 MW; which is being / will be sourced from Captive Power Plant & D.G. Set (for back-up).

Details reg. power requirement is given in Table - 2.6.

Table - 2.6 Power Requirement Requirement (MW) Particular Additional Total after proposed Source Existing (Phase - 1 & 2) expansion Cement Plant 46 59 105 Captive Power Plant, Captive Power Plant 8 10 18 & D.G. Set (for back- Colony 1 1 2 up) TOTAL 55 70 125

Source: Pre-feasibility Report

Energy Balance Energy balance for the exiting power requirement is given in Table - 2.7 and for total power requirement is given in Table - 2.8. Table - 2.7 Energy Balance (Existing)

Capacity / No. of Running Kwh / Power Power S. No. Description annum Working TPD TPH KWh / annum hrs. / day Ton KW MW (MTPA) Days 1. Raw mill 6069000 340 17850 21 850 15.54 94312260 11557 11.5 2. Kiln & Cooler 2737920 248 11040 24 460 27.26 46356992 12539 12.6 3. Coal mill 687456 308 2232 18 124 29.16 20046216 2711 2.7 Cement mill & 4. 2255760 195 11568 24 482 32.23 27031448 15534 15.6 Packing Plant Miscellaneous / 5. ------1500 1.5 Utility 6. Colony ------2700 2.7 Auxiliary Consumption @ 14.6%

CPP (55 MW) ------8000 8.0 Total Power 55.0 Power Generation Capacity 1. CPP - - - - - 55000 55.0 Total Capacity ------55000 55.0

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 52 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works)

Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Table - 2.8 Energy Balance (Proposed)

Capacity / No. of Running Kwh / Power Power S. No. Description annum Working TPD TPH KWh / annum hrs. / day Ton KW MW (MTPA) Days 1. Raw mill 6069000 340 17850 21 850 15.54 94312260 11557 11.5 2. Kiln & Cooler 2737920 248 11040 24 460 27.26 46356992 12539 12.6 3. Coal mill 687456 308 2232 18 124 29.16 20046216 2711 2.7 4. Others 2255760 195 11568 24 482 32.23 27031448 15534 15.6 Miscellaneous / 5. ------3500 3.5 Utility 6. Colony ------3200 3.2 Auxiliary Consumption

CPP (105 MW) ------15.33 68.63 Total Power (~70) Power Generation Capacity 1. CPP - - - - - 10500 105 Total Capacity ------10500 105

2.5.5 Manpower Requirement Manpower requirement for the existing Cement Plant (Regular & Contractual) is 1579 persons; 790 additional manpower is required for the expansion project (Phase -1 & 2); thus, the total manpower requirement after expansion will be 2369 persons. Table - 2.9 Manpower Requirement Additional for proposed Total after proposed Particulars Existing expansion (Phase - 1 & 2) expansion Skilled - Worker 549 275 824 Semi - Skilled 273 137 410 Unskilled 757 379 1136 Total 1579 790 2369

Source: Skilled - outside / local; Semi-skilled / Unskilled - local area

2.6 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION The construction work will be started after getting Environmental Clearance from the MoEFCC, New Delhi and Consent to Establish (CTE) from GPCB.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 53 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works)

Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

A. Proposed Schedule for Approval:  Environment Clearance from MoEFCC, New Delhi : Nov., 2018 (Tentative).  Consent to Establish from GPCB : Approx. 3 months after getting EC.

B. Proposed Schedule for Implementation: Proposed expansion of Clinkerization plant will be done two phases. o Phase - I: Within 24 Months o Phase - II : The installation of the same will be done only after successful completion and commissioning of Phase - I. Proposed expansion of Clinkerization plant (Phase-I) will be done as per the schedule given below:

S. Months Project Activity No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Main machine order 1. placement Auxiliary equipment 2. order 3. Detailed Engineering 4. Civil Construction 5. Equipment Delivery 6. Mechanical Fabrication 7. Mechanical Erection 8. Refractory laying 9. E&I Erection Final Commissioning 10. and Trail Run

Figure 2.7: Proposed Schedule for Implementation of proposed expansion

2.7 TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS DESCRIPTION 2.7.1 Technology Description of Cement Plant The Cement Plant is based on Dry Process Technology for Cement manufacturing with Pre- Heating and Pre-Calciner Technology. In the dry process, the raw materials are dried in a combined drying-cum-grinding installation to reduce the moisture content to below 1%. The drying in the grinding unit is achieved by using kiln exhaust gases for normal moisture and is supplemented by auxiliary hot air furnace for rainy season etc. for high moisture. The ground raw mix is then homogenized in silos and fed into the rotary kiln. Heat required for evaporation of added moisture is eliminated in this process. The latest technological

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 54 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works)

Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

innovation is to replace the conventional suspension pre-heater by well-designed suspension pre-heater having high efficiency, low pressure drop cyclone and pre-calcinator. Suspension pre-heater achieves better heat economy and therefore, fuel consumption in this process is low. This process is environmental friendly and reduces consumption of natural resources. The type of cement being manufactured is Portland Pozzolona Cement (PPC) and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC).

2.7.2 Process Description of Clinkerization Plant The Clinkerization plant is based on Dry Process Technology for Cement manufacturing with Pre -heater and Pre- Calciner Technology.

Clinker process largely comprises of the following steps: • Transport of excavated limestone from mine site to plant • Raw Mix Preparation & Homogenization • Pre-heating and Calcinations • Clinker cooling • Clinker storage

 Transport of excavated limestone from mine site Limestone will be transported from captive mines to the Plant by Tipplers/ Trailers and proposed covered conveyor belt.

 Raw Mix Preparation & Homogenization

 Raw Material Reclaiming and Transport - The limestone will be transported to limestone yard through Tipplers/ Trailers & proposed covered conveyor belt and stored in a longitudinal stockpile. Once the pile of required quantity and quality is achieved, then reclaimer is used to reclaim the stockpile material. By using stacker and reclaimer machines, pre-blending takes place to minimize fluctuation in crushed limestone quality. The pile of limestone is continuously reclaimed, when raw mill is in operation and stored in hopper at raw mill section. Magnetic separators will be installed over the belt conveyers to remove any foreign materials.

 Raw Mill Feed -Limestone along with additives and correctives will be transported to the raw mill system, from their respective feed bins via reclaim belt conveyors and series of transport conveyor.

 Raw Mill Grinding -Raw Mill / Roller Press will be used to grind the raw mix which will be capable to meet the production needs. The raw grinding section comprises of mills, fans,

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 55 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works)

Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

separators & cyclones as well as all ductwork and control dampers. The ground product from raw mill is known as ‘Raw Meal’.

 Raw Mill Transport and Storage - From the separator cyclones, the raw meal will be transported to the homogenizing silo. Homogenizing silo will be prerequisite for raw meal blending to achieve consistent quality of Kiln feed. A continuous Flow Silo will be used where blending is attained by multi point extraction at different speed. This will also ensure regulated feed with minimum variation in quality for smooth operation of Kiln.

 Clinkerization

 Raw Meal Transport to Kiln Feed - From the homogenizing silo, the raw meal will be extracted to the Kiln feed bin below the silo.

 Kiln Feed - From the Kiln feed bin, the material is transported to the kiln feed bucket elevator via a roto scale for measurement & control of kiln feed rate.

 Pre-heating & Calciner - The proposed plant configuration shall comprise of six stages ILC / SLC pre-heater / pre- calciner facility.

The calciner shall provide sufficient residence time for efficient combustion of fuel. The calciner shall be equipped with multi firing points for the above said required.

The pre-heater shall be equipped with induced draught fan for ensuring counter current heat transfer from the kiln through the calciner& the series of cyclones.

The exit hot gas from the pre-heater will be utilized for drying of raw material in Raw Mill & drying of coal in Coal Mill.

 Kiln, Cooler & Clinker transport - A well proven traditional 3 support type kiln with a gear will be used. Kiln design is based on many years of experience with pre-calciner kilns as well as other dry process kilns. The length to diameter ratio is 15.8.

The partly calcined material from calciner travels down into the rotating kiln where the actual clinkerization reaction takes place. Efficient clinkerization ensures complete reaction & formation of desired minerals in optimum proportions of shape, size & quantity (morphology).

The cooler shall consist of latest generation cooling system having high efficiency of heat of recuperation at the front part and cooling of the clinker at the rear end. The cooler will be equipped with the clinker crusher for the crushing of big boulders of clinker. The clinker crusher will be located either at the middle or at the end of the cooler. The cooler shall also be equipped with ESP for de-dusting of cooler exit gases.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 56 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works)

Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

The hot clinker discharged from the kiln is cooled in the cooler as described above. Subsequently, the clinker shall be into steel pan conveyor for transportation to the clinker storage.

Figure 2.8: Process Flow Diagram - Clinkerization Plant

2.7.3 Technology Description of Captive Power Plant

Technical description of Captive Power Plant Item Details 1 x 170 TPH, CFBC Boiler & 1 x 110 TPH AFBC Boiler Boiler Turbine 1 x 35 MW+ 1 x 20 MW MCR Streaming Capacity 170/110TPH Stream Pressure at MSSV 86 Kg/cm2 (g) Main Stream Temperature 515 (+/- 3 deg C) Boiler Design Pressure 108 Kg/cm2 (g) No of Drums Single Drum Boiler Supporting Top Supporting Flue gas conditioning System ESP Electromatic Safety Valve set pressure 89.5 Kg/cm2 (g) Super Heater Safety Valve set pressure 91.5 Kg/cm2 (g) Drum Safety Valve # 1 set pressure 106.5 Kg/cm2 (g) Drum Safety Valve # 2 set pressure 107.5 Kg/cm2 (g)

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 57 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works)

Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

2.7.4 Process Description of Captive Power Plant (Coal based) M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. (Unit: Sewagram Cement Works) has an existing CPP of 55 MW capacity and now, the company intends to expand its capacity from 55 to 160 MW. The generating unit will consist of CFBC boiler using coal / lignite as primary fuel, one condensing steam turbine and generator, one air cooled condenser and other necessary auxiliary equipment including balance of plant equipment.

There are various sections of the power plant described as below:

a) Fuel Storage and Handling This section will include all the necessary equipments like coal crusher, conveyor and drives. Coal from the source shall be crushed into required size and taken to the fuel bunkers feed hopper of the boiler. Coal yard will have separate arrangements for incoming coal and crushed coal to be sent to the bunker.

b) Boiler and other Auxiliary equipments

The boiler house has the main boiler as mentioned above along with ID and FD fans, ducts, Pollution control equipment (ESP/Bag House), and other necessary valves, piping and fittings. Fuel from the conveyor is put into the main bunker from where it is fed to the boiler furnace.

c) Water Treatment Plant

In order to have smooth operation and long life of the boiler system, it requires suitable water treatment plant. Depending upon the test results of the water sample, appropriate treatment methods and equipment are decided upon.

d) Turbine and Control Room

Turbine and control room are housed in the separate building other than boiler house. This shall also house other turbine auxiliary equipment, cable cellar, switchgear room, central control room and other administrative facilities. The steam from the boiler is expanded and condensed in the turbine to generate electricity.

e) Condenser / De-aerator Tank

At the exit of the turbine, the low-pressure steam is condensed in air cool condenser and condensed water is fed to de-aerator through condensate circuit.

f) Fly ash disposal

After combustion of coal / Petcoke/ lignite inside the boiler furnace, it liberates heat that is used for steam generation. At the same time, it generates ash that is a by-product of combustion process. This ash travels along with flue gases through various parts of the system like Economiser, Air Preheater and pollution control equipment and finally through ducts. There is also some collection at the bottom of the furnace. In the end, flue gases are

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 58 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works)

Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

fed into the chimney/stack through ID fan and vented out in the atmosphere. Ash is collected at different points and moved by using suitable material handling systems and collected into the silos (Dry fly ash).

All the equipment including valves, pumps, standby pumps & valves etcare operated, monitored and controlled from central control room. In this way, generated power and fly ash is sent to the cement plant for their respective usages.

The project includes the complete civil construction of the buildings, reservoirs, pump house, MCC room, WTP plant area building, cooling tower including ash silos, covered two categories fuel shed, site infrastructure, supply and installation of all mechanical equipment, piping, instrumentation, power evacuation system and other necessary equipment for the completion and satisfactory operation of the generating unit.

Figure 2.9: Process Flow Diagram - CPP

2.8 MAJOR EQUIPMENTS AND MACHINERIES 2.8.1 Equipment Selection In selecting a particular type of equipment or storage for the project, among others, the following issues have been considered:  Equipment costs  Energy consumption  Raw materials characteristics  Sizes in which the equipment is available

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 59 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works)

Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

 Lead times for particular types of equipments  Operating experience with various types of equipments  Ease of operation of equipment  Product to be manufactured  Site conditions  Local skills available  Environmental issues.

2.8.2 Plant and Equipment Sizing Details reg. Plant and equipment sizing are given in Table - 2.10.

Table - 2.10 Equipment Details of Clinkerization Plant

Equipment Size S. No. Equipment Existing Additional

1. Stacker and Reclaimer

i) Limestone Stacker 2000 TPH 2000 TPH

ii) Limestone Reclaimer 2x550 TPH 2 x 550 TPH

iii) Coal stacker 2X300 TPH 2 x 300 TPH

iv) Additives Stacker 300 TPH 300 H

v) Coal Reclaimer 2X200 TPH 2 x 200 H

vi) Additives Reclaimer 200 TPH 200 TPH

2. Raw Mill (VRM) 400 & 450 TPH 2 x 450 TPH

3. Cement Mill 2x150 & 180 TPH 2 x 180 TPH

4. Coal and Pet coke mill 2x62 TPH 2 x 62 TPH

5. Kiln 2x5500 TPD 2 x 5500 TPC

4 Nos, 12 spouts double 4 Nos, 12 spouts double 6. Packer discharge type each (180 discharge type each (180 TPH each) TPH each)

7. CPP Boiler 170 TPH & 110 TPH 2 x 170 TPH

8. CPP Turbine 30 MW & 25 MW 2 x 35 MW

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 60 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works)

Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

2.8.3 Storage Facilities Details regarding storage facilities of raw material & product are given in Table 2.11: Table - 2.11 Storage Facilities

Raw Material / Existing (Line - I & II) Proposed (Line - III & IV) S. No. Finished Storage Capacity Type of Storage Capacity Type of Storage product (Tonnes) Storage (Tonnes)

1. Limestone Stockpile 2 x 70000 Stockpile 2 x 80000

2. Raw meal Silo 2 x 23000 Silo 2 x 25000

2 x 24000 3. Clinker Silo CSP / Silo 2 x 100000 1 x 70000

4. Clay Stockpile 1 x 20000 Stockpile 1 x 20000

5. Laterite Stockpile 1 x 5000 Stockpile 1 x 5000

6. Fly ash Silo 1 x 5000 Silo 1 x 5000

7. Cement Silo 2 x 8000 & 1 x 20000 Silo 2 x 20000

Source: Pre-feasibility Report

2.9 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES Labour is one of the key factors of production; hence, it will be ensured that apart from colony for regular employees, laborers will be provided with infrastructure facilities during construction as well as operation phase. Following facilities will be provided:

Construction Phase  Minimum space will be allocated per person or per family in terms of floor area.  Supply of safe water in such quantities as to provide for all personal and household uses will be ensured.  Adequate sewage and garbage disposal systems will be ensured.  Appropriate protection against heat, cold, damp, noise and fire.  Adequate sanitary and laundry facilities, ventilation, cooking, storage facilities and natural and artificial lighting.  Medical Facilities.

Operation Phase  Workplace facility such as; Canteens, Rest rooms, rest areas  Occupational Health & safety with first aid facilities  Security of the workers  Medical Facilities.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 61 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works)

Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

2.10 DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION MEASURES The mitigation measures given in this section are for management of the emissions, effluents, solid and hazardous waste generation from the plant to meet the environmental standards and environmental operating conditions. Same practices will be followed after expansion project.

2.10.1 Details of Emissions from the Plant and their mitigation

Source Emissions Mitigation measures adopted / to be adopted Plant Unit Section Raw Mill & Kiln Bag House installed / will be installed Coal Mill Bag House installed / will be installed Clinkerization Alkali By-Pass Bag House installed / will be installed PM Plant Cooler ESP installed / will be installed Cement Mill Bag House installed CPP Boiler ESP installed / ESP or Bag House will be installed Clinkerization Raw Mill & Kiln Pyro-process itself acts as a long SO 2 scrubber. Plant

SO 2 o Lime dozing in CFBC boiler CPP Boiler o Adequate stack height (as per CPCB guidelines) provided.

o Low NO x burners.

Clinkerization o Incline Calciner for low NO x formation. Raw Mill & Kiln Plant o Installation of analyzer at the inlet of Kiln to NO x monitor & control O2& NO x. Adequate stack height (as per CPCB guidelines) CPP Boiler has been / will be provided. Raw Material o Covered Conveyor belts for transfer of raw Handling & materials / finished products inside the plant. Storage o Fly ash received through closed bulkers & fed into silo through pneumatic system. o Clinker, Fly ash and Cement stored in the silos. Fugitive Clinkerization o Gypsum, Coal and Petcoke stored in the Emission Plant & CPP Transportation covered sheds. activity o Water sprinkling to control dust. o Proper maintenance of vehicles to reduce gaseous emissions. o Greenbelt / plantation done along the plant boundary to attenuate air pollution.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 62 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works)

Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 2 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

2.10.2 Details of Effluent and their mitigation

Effluents Plant Unit Mitigation measures adopted

Process Waste RO Plant RO reject water used for dust suppression. Water CPP Boiler blows down used for dust suppression. o Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) has been installed for the Plant & treatment of domestic waste water. Sewage Colony o 100% treated sewage from STP is being used in greenbelt development / plantation.

2.10.3 Details of Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation and their mitigation

Type of Plant Unit Section Waste Treatment / Disposal Waste Clinkerization Dust collected from various APCE is being APCE SW Dust Plant totally recycled into the process. CPP - SW Fly ash Used in Cement manufacturing process Used as manure for greenbelt development STP - SW STP Sludge / plantation Plant Different HW Used Oil Sold to CPCB registered recycler Maintenance sections

2.11 ASSESSMENT OF NEW & TESTED TECHNOLOGY FOR THE RISK OF TECHNOLOGICAL FAILURE

Latest modern technology i.e. Raw Mill and Rotary Kiln will be used to produced Clinker and Cement Mill (VRM) will be used for the Cement manufacturing. Various modern plants developed for cement grinding operation are mainly:

I. Closed circuit ball mill with high efficiency separator

II. Vertical roller mill

III. Roller press as Semi Finish Mode (Combi-Circuit)

The product from VRM will pass through SKS Separator. The coarse return from this separator will be fed mainly to an Open Circuit Ball Mill (OCBM) as per process requirement. The balance coarse return will be fed to VRM mill. Further, products from OCBM & SKS will be blended in air slide & bucket elevator and then conveyed to the respective silos.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 63 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works)

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͕͘Ǧ͗Ǥ͚ Ǧ͗Ǥ͚ ͕͘ ǤǤ ȋȌ ͕ ͖͔͔͘ ͔͔͗ ͖ ͖͔͔͙ ͗͛͜ ͗ ͖͔͔͚ ͙͚͕ ͘ ͖͔͔͛ ͙͚͘ ͙ ͖͔͔͜ ͕͗͘ ͚ ͖͔͔͝ ͘͜͝ ͛ ͖͔͕͔ ͜͜͜ ͜ ͖͔͕͕ ͚͖͘ ͝ ͖͔͕͖ ͖͙͗ ͕͔ ͖͔͕͗ ͚͙͖ ͕͕ ͖͔͕͘ ͖͕͝ ͕͖ ͖͔͕͙ ͘͘͜ ͕͗ ͖͔͕͚ ͖͗͝ ͕͘ ͖͔͕͛ ͗͘͝ ǣ

͗Ǥ͙Ǥ͘

Ǥ ȋ Ȍǡ ȋ ȌǤ

ǡ ǦǤ ȋ Ȍǡ Ǥ

ȋ͖͚ȌǤ ǤǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǤǤ͔͜ǣ͔͕͗͛ǣ͔͗Ǧ Ǥ

ȀǤ ͛͠ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ

͗Ǥ͙Ǥ͘Ǥ͕ Ǧ

Ǧ Ǧȋ Ǥ Ǥǡ͖͔͕͛ȌǤ

ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ

Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ͗Ǥ͝

Ǧ Ǧ͗Ǥ͛Ǥ Ǧ͜ ȀǤ

Ǧ͗Ǥ͛ Ǧ ǣǦȋ Ǥ ǡ͖͔͕͛Ȍ

ȋȌ ȋΨȌ ȋȀ ǤȌ

ǡ͖͔͕͛ ͕͕Ǥ͖Ǧ͖͘ ͘͜Ǧ͛͝ ͔Ǥ͕Ǧ͘Ǥ͝

ǡ͖͔͕͛ ͙Ȃ͗͝Ǥ͛ ͗͗Ǧ͚͛ ͔Ǥ͕Ǧ͘Ǥ͕

ǡ͖͔͕͛ ͔Ǥ͚Ȃ͚͗Ǥ͝ ͖͗Ȃ͚͚ ͔Ǥ͕Ǧ͘Ǥ͝ ǣ

ȀǤ ͜͠ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ

͗Ǥ͝ǣ

ȀǤ ͠͝ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ ͗Ǥ͙Ǥ͙ Ǥ ͕͔ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ

Ǧ ȋ Ǥ Ǥǡ ͚͙͘͟Ȍǡ͕͔ ȋȌ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ͕͕͔͕͕Ȁ͗͜͝Ȁ ͖͔͔͛Ǧ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ͔͙Ǥǡ͖͔͕͙ ͕͚ǡ͖͔͕͜Ǥ

͙Ǥ ȋ͖Ȍ

͚Ǥ ȋȌ

͛Ǥ ȋ͕͔͖Ǥ͙Ȍ ͜Ǥ ȋȌ

ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ

Ƭ Ǥ

͖͕͔͘ǡ ͖Ǥ͙ǡ ͖ǡ ǡ ȋ͖͚ ȌǤ

Ǧ Ǥ

ȋ Ǧ ͗Ǥ͝Ȍ Ǥ

Ȁ Ǥ

Ǧ͗Ǥ͜ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͔

ȀǤ ͠͞ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ Ǧ͗Ǥ͜ Ǥ ǤǤ ͕Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ ͖Ǥ ͔Ǥ͙ Ƭ ͗Ǥ ͖Ǥ͔ ͘Ǥ ͙Ǥ͙ ǡ ͙Ǥ ͙Ǥ͔ ͚Ǥ ͘Ǥ͖ ͛Ǥ ͜Ǥ͙ ͜Ǥ ͜Ǥ͙ ȋȌ ͝Ǥ ͝Ǥ͙ ǣ

Ǧ Ǧ

ȀǤ ͟͠ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ

͗Ǥ͕͔ǣ

ȀǤ ͠͠ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ

Ǧ ͗Ǥ͝ Ƭ Ǥ͖͚ Ǧ͝ Ǥ Ǧ͗Ǥ͝ ǣǦȋ Ǥ Ǥǡ͚͙͘͟Ȍ ȋοȀ͗Ȍ ͖Ǥ͙ ͕͔ ͖ ǤǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͕ ͙͘Ǥ͘ ͗͘Ǥ͛ ͚͜Ǥ͘ ͔͛Ǥ͘ ͕͕Ǥ͝ ͛Ǥ͙ ͖͘Ǥ͘ ͕͜Ǥ͖ ͖ ͚͘Ǥ͙ ͗͜Ǥ͗ ͕͛Ǥ͗ ͚͜Ǥ͖ ͝Ǥ͛ ͚Ǥ͜ ͖͔Ǥ͜ ͕͘Ǥ͗ ͗ ͙͘Ǥ͚ ͗͘Ǥ͘ ͚͜Ǥ͙ ͖͛Ǥ͖ ͕͕Ǥ͙ ͛Ǥ͖ ͖͖Ǥ͘ ͕͝Ǥ͘ ͘ ͖͘Ǥ͗ ͗͘Ǥ͘ ͗͜Ǥ͜ ͚͝Ǥ͜ ͕͖Ǥ͗ ͛Ǥ͛ ͖͖Ǥ͗ ͕͙Ǥ͘ ͙ ͗͝Ǥ͜ ͕͗Ǥ͘ ͛͜Ǥ͗ ͚͔Ǥ͛ ͕͕Ǥ͜ ͚Ǥ͛ ͖͗Ǥ͕ ͕͙Ǥ͛ ͚ ͗͛Ǥ͜ ͖͛Ǥ͘ ͚͛Ǥ͘ ͙͜Ǥ͛ ͕͔Ǥ͙ ͚Ǥ͕ ͖͕Ǥ͛ ͕͚Ǥ͚ ͛ ͕͘Ǥ͖ ͔͗Ǥ͘ ͚͘Ǥ͙ ͙͚Ǥ͝ ͕͕Ǥ͝ ͛Ǥ͕ ͖͖Ǥ͕ ͕͗Ǥ͝ ͜ ͗͘Ǥ͕ ͖͛Ǥ͗ ͚͜Ǥ͛ ͙͝Ǥ͘ ͝Ǥ͜ ͛Ǥ͕ ͕͝Ǥ͜ ͕͙Ǥ͖ ͝ ͗͘Ǥ͗ ͚͗Ǥ͘ ͕͜Ǥ͜ ͜͝Ǥ͜ ͕͕Ǥ͝ ͛Ǥ͝ ͖͖Ǥ͗ ͕͚Ǥ͘ ȗ ͚͔ ͕͔͔ ͔͜ ͔͜ ͘ ǣ

ȗǦǢ Ǧ ǡȏ͛ȋ͛ȌȐǡȏǦ Ǧ ǤǦ͛ȋȌȐ͙͞Ǥ͙͙Ǥ͚͘͘͡ Ǧ Ǧί͔Ǥ͙Ȁ͗Ǣ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͔ Ǥ

Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͔

ǡ ǤǤ ȋ Ƭ ǤȌ ȋ͕Ȍ ȋ͖Ȍ ȋ͗Ȍ ȋ͘Ȍ ȋ͙Ȍ ȋ͚Ȍ ͙͔ ͖͔ ͕Ǥ Ǥ ͕ ͗ ȗ ȋ͖ȌǡοȀ ͔͜ ͔͜ ͖Ǥ Ǥ ͖͘ȗȗ

ȀǤ ͠͡ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ

͕Ǥ Ƭ ȋǦ ͔͘ ͔͗ ͖ ͗ ȗ ȌǤ ͖ǡοȀ ͔͜ ͔͜ ͖͘ȗȗ ͖Ǥ ȋ ȌǤ ͕Ǥ ǡ ͚͔ ͚͔ ͗ ȋ ͕͔ οȌ ȗ ͖Ǥ ǡ ͗ ͕͔͔ ͕͔͔ ͕͔ǡοȀ ͖͘ ȗȗ ͗Ǥ Ǥ ͕Ǥ ǡ ȗ ͔͘ ͔͘ ͘ ȋ͖Ǥ͙οȌ ͖Ǥ ǡ ͗ ͖͘ ȗȗ ͚͔ ͚͔ ͖Ǥ͙ǡοȀ ͗Ǥ Ǥ ͕Ǥ ǡ ͗ ͜ ȗȗ ͕͔͔ ͕͔͔ ͙ ȋ͗ȌǡοȀ ͖Ǥ ǡ ͕ ȗ ͕͔͜ ͕͔͜ ͗Ǥ Ǥ ͕Ǥ Ȁ ͔Ǥ͙͔ ͔Ǥ͙͔ ͚ ȋȌǡοȀ͗ ȗ ͖͔͔͔Ǥ ͕Ǥ͔ ͕Ǥ͔ ͖͘ ȗȗ ͖Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ͜ ȗȗ ͔͖ ͔͖ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ ͛ ȋȌǡȀ͗ ͕ ͔͘ ͔͘ Ǥ

͗ ȗ ͕͔͔ ͕͔͔ ͕Ǥ ȋ ȌǤ ͜ ȋ ͗ȌǡοȀ ͖͘ȗȗ ͔͔͘ ͔͔͘ ͖Ǥ Ǥ ͕Ǥ

͗ ǡ ͝ ȋ͚ ͚ȌǡοȀ ȗ ͔͙ ͔͙ ͖Ǥ Ǥ ȋȽȌ ͕͔ ȋȌǦ ȗ ͔͕ ͔͕ ǯ Ǥ ǡȀ͗ Ȁ ͕͕ ȋȌǡȀ͗ȗ͔͚ ͔͚ ͖͔͔͔Ǥ Ȁ ͕͖ ȋȌǡȀ͗ȗ͖͔ ͖͔ ͖͔͔͔Ǥ

ȗ ͙͘͜ ͚͜ Ǥ ȗȗ ͚͙͘͘͜͠ǡ ǡ ͡͠ά Ǥ͚άǡ Ǥ ǣ ǡ Ǥ

͕͔͖Ǥ͙͝ ͙͚Ǥ͚͜͝Ǥ͙οȀ͖͗͛Ǥ͚͗͘Ǥ͙οȀ͗ǡ Ǥ

͖ ǡ ͔͜

͗ οȀ Ǥ ͖͖ ͚Ǥ͕͕͖Ǥ͗οȀ͕͗͗Ǥ͖͘͝Ǥ͘οȀ͗ Ǥ

ȀǤ ͘͡ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ

ǡ Ƭ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡǡ Ǥ

͗Ǥ͙Ǥ͚ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ

͕͔ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ

ǡ Ǥ

Ȁ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͕ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͔Ǥ

Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͕ Ǥ ǤǤ ͕Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ ͖Ǥ ͔Ǥ͙ ͗Ǥ ͖Ǥ͔ ͘Ǥ ͙Ǥ͙ ͙Ǥ ͙Ǥ͔ ͚Ǥ ͘Ǥ͖ ͛Ǥ ͜Ǥ͙ ͜Ǥ ͜Ǥ͙ ͝Ǥ ͝Ǥ͙ ǣ

ȀǤ ͙͡ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ

ȋ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͕ȌǦ͗Ǥ͕͖Ǥ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͗Ǥ

Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͖ ǣǦȋ Ǥ Ǥǡ͖͔͕͛Ȍ ȋȌ ǤǤ ȋ͚ǣ͔͔͕͔ǣ͔͔Ȍ ȋ͕͔ǣ͔͔͚ǣ͔͔Ȍ ͕ ͚͔Ǥ͕ ͙͛ ͙͙Ǥ͗ ͔͛ ͖ ͙͖Ǥ͝ ͙͙ ͘͘Ǥ͛ ͙͘ ͗ ͙͖Ǥ͗ ͙͙ ͗͘Ǥ͙ ͙͘ ͘ ͙͕Ǥ͝ ͙͙ ͖͘Ǥ͜ ͙͘ ͙ ͙͗Ǥ͛ ͙͙ ͗͘Ǥ͚ ͙͘ ͚ ͙͘Ǥ͚ ͙͙ ͗͘Ǥ͔ ͙͘ ͛ ͙͗Ǥ͖ ͙͙ ͕͘Ǥ͙ ͙͘ ͜ ͙͖Ǥ͕ ͙͙ ͗͘Ǥ͘ ͙͘ ͝ ͙͘Ǥ͖ ͙͙ ͘͘Ǥ͛ ͙͘ ǣ

ȀǤ ͚͡ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ

Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͗ ȗ ǤȋȌ ȋ͔͚Ǥ͔͔Ǧ͕͔Ǥ͔͔Ȍ ȋ͕͔Ǥ͔͔Ǧ͚Ǥ͔͔Ȍ ȋȌ ͙͛ ͔͛ ȋȌ ͚͙ ͙͙ ȋȌ ͙͙ ͙͘ ȋȌ ͙͔ ͔͘ ͙Ǥ͞Ǥ͙͘͘͘Ǥ͘͘Ǥ ͚Ǥ ͙͘Ǥ͘͘͞Ǥ͘͘ ͛Ǥ ͙͘͘ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǣ

ǣ ȗȋȌǡ͚͘͘͘

Ƭ ͝ Ǥ ͙͕Ǥ͚͔͝Ǥ͕ȋȌ͕͘Ǥ͙͙͙Ǥ͗ȋȌǤ ǡ Ǥ

Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ

͗Ǥ͙Ǥ͛

͗Ǥ͙Ǥ͛Ǥ͕

͕͔ǣ X ȋ̱͔Ǥ͙ Ȍ X ȋ̱͗Ǥ͙ Ȍ X ȋ̱͖Ǥ͙ Ȍ X ȋ̱͙Ǥ͙ Ȍ X ȋ̱͕Ǥ͙ Ȍ X ȋ̱͜Ǥ͙ Ȍ X ȋ̱͝Ǥ͔ Ȍ

ȀǤ ͛͡ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ

͗Ǥ͙Ǥ͛Ǥ͖

Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ƭ Ǥ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͘Ƭ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͕Ǥ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͙Ǥ

Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͘ ǤǤ Ǥ ͕Ǥ Ǧ ͖Ǥ ͛Ǥ͜ ͗Ǥ ͔Ǥ͙ ͘Ǥ ͗Ǥ͙ ͙Ǥ ͙Ǥ͙ ͚Ǥ ͝Ǥ͛ ͛Ǥ ͘Ǥ͖ ͜Ǥ ͖Ǥ͔ ǣ

ȀǤ ͜͡ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ

͗Ǥ͕͕ǣ ǡ Ƭ

ȀǤ ͡͝ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͙ ǣȋ Ǥ ǡ͖͔͕͛Ȍ ͕͔͙͔͔Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ ͖͔͕͖ Ǥ ȋǤȌ ͕Ǥ ȋ͖͙ηȌ Ǧ ͛Ǥ͗͝ ͛Ǥ͛͗ ͜Ǥ͕͚ ͛Ǥ͛͜ ͜Ǥ͔͜ ͜Ǥ͗͝ ͛Ǥ͚͜ ͛Ǥ͖͙ ͚Ǥ͙͜Ǥ͙ Ǧ ͖Ǥ ͕͔Ǥ͔ ͙Ǥ͔ ͙ ͕͙ ͙ ͗Ǥ ͙͗Ǥ͔ ͕͔Ǥ͔ ͕ ͙ ͕Ǥ͔ ͘Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ ͙Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ ͚Ǥ ͗Ȁ͖͚͗Ǥ͔͘ ͜͝͝Ǥ͔͘ ͛͜͝Ǥ͘͘ ͔͗͝Ǥ͜͝ ͙͖͛Ǥ͚͔ ͕͔͖Ǥ͔ ͕͙͕͜Ǥ͔͔ ͚͔͗Ǥ͔͘ ͖͔͔ ͚͔͔ Ǧ ͛Ǥ Ȁ ͔͜Ǥ͕͗ ͖͖͔Ǥ͚͛ ͕͔͕Ǥ͗͝ ͕͔͕Ǥ͖͗ ͚͝Ǥ͘͜ ͜Ǥ͙͔ ͗͗͘Ǥ͖͜ ͕͔͜Ǥ͚͚ ͙͛ ͖͔͔ Ǧ ͜Ǥ ͗Ȁ͕͛͜Ǥ͖͖ ͖͚͜Ǥ͗͗ ͖͔͗Ǥ͕͘ ͕͚͙Ǥ͗͘ ͖͙͗Ǥ͖͛ ͜͝͝Ǥ͜͝ ͕͔͝Ǥ͔͛ ͚͚͘Ǥ͔͜ ͖͔͔ ͚͔͔ Ǧ ͝Ǥ Ȁ ͖͖͔Ǥ͙͗ ͗͜͝Ǥ͖͗ ͙͙͘Ǥ͙͗ ͖͔͕Ǥ͚͜ ͗͘͜Ǥ͕͘ ͕͔͝Ǥ͕͚ ͖͖͙͛Ǥ͙͜ ͙͗͝Ǥ͖͝ ͖͙͔ ͕͔͔͔ Ǧ ͕͔Ǥ Ȁ͔͗Ǥ͛͗ ͕͔͚Ǥ͙͜ ͕͔͗Ǥ͚͗ ͕͗Ǥ͙͝ ͔͜Ǥ͚͙ ͕͝Ǥ͚͗ ͕͚͛Ǥ͕͕ ͖͕Ǥ͔͛ ͔͗ ͕͔͔ Ǧ ͕͕Ǥ Ȁ ͚͝͝Ǥ͔͔ ͖͖͚͗Ǥ͔ ͕͗͛͜Ǥ͔ ͖͗͝Ǥ͔͔ ͚͔͘Ǥ͔͔ ͖͙͛͛Ǥ͔ ͚͘͜͜Ǥ͔͔ ͕͔͗͘Ǥ͔͔ ͙͔͔ ͖͔͔͔ Ǧ ͕͖Ǥ ͘Ȁ͕͙͔Ǥ͔͔ ͗͛͝Ǥ͘͘ ͕͔͝Ǥ͚͖ ͕͕͖Ǥ͗͘ ͛͛Ǥ͖͜ ͕͖͝Ǥ͛͜ ͙͘͜Ǥ͘͝ ͕͕͗Ǥ͚͛ ͖͔͔ ͔͔͘ Ǧ ͕͗Ǥ Ȁ ͕Ǥ͔͝ ͕Ǥ͕͗ ͔Ǥ͜͝ ͔Ǥ͛͜ ͕Ǥ͗͝ ͕Ǥ͔͝ ͕Ǥ͚͛ ͔Ǥ͛͝ ͕Ǥ͔ ͕Ǥ͙ Ǧ ͕͘Ǥ ͗Ǧ Ȁ ͕͖Ǥ͕͖ ͕͘Ǥ͙͕ ͕͕Ǥ͚͗ ͚Ǥ͙͚ ͝Ǥ͛͝ ͛Ǥ͜͝ ͕͖Ǥ͙͗ ͕͙Ǥ͘͝ ͙͘ Ǧ ͕͙Ǥ Ȁ ͔Ǥ͕͖ ͔Ǥ͕͝ ͔Ǥ͕͔ ͔Ǥ͕͘ ͔Ǥ͖͗ ͔Ǥ͖͘ ͔Ǥ͕͕ ͔Ǥ͕͗ ͔Ǥ͗ Ǧ ͕͚Ǥ Ȁ ͛Ǥ͗͝ ͛Ǥ͛͗ ͜Ǥ͕͚ ͛Ǥ͛͜ ͜Ǥ͔͜ ͔Ǥ͜͝ ͔Ǥ͙͛ ͔Ǥ͚͛ ͔Ǥ͙͔ ͕Ǥ͔ Ǧ ͕͛Ǥ Ȁ ͔Ǥ͔͗ ͔Ǥ͕͜ ͙ ͕͙ ͔Ǥ͕͔Ȁ ͕͜Ǥ Ȁ ͔Ǥ͖͕ ͔Ǥ͕͖ ͔Ǥ͕͙ ͔Ǥ͕ ͔Ǥ͗ ͔Ǥ͕͔Ȁ ͕͝Ǥ Ȁ ͖͗͜Ǥ͔͛ ͖͘͝Ǥ͔͔ ͚͕͗Ǥ͔͔ ͔͕͗Ǥ͔͔ ͙͗͝Ǥ͙͔ ͕͔͗͝Ǥ͔͔ ͜͝͝Ǥ͔͔ ͖͕͗Ǥ͔͔ ǦǦ ǦǦ Ǧ ͖͔Ǥ Ȁ ͖Ǥ͕͔ ͕͕Ǥ͔͔ ͕͖Ǥ͔͔ ͝Ǥ͔͔ ͛Ǥ͙͔ ͖͜Ǥ͔͔ ͖͕Ǥ͔͔ ͜Ǥ͔͘ ǦǦ ǦǦ Ǧ ͖͕Ǥ οȀ ͕͙͙͘Ǥ͔͔ ͙͔͗͘Ǥ͔͔ ͖͕͕͗Ǥ͔͔ ͕͗͘͜Ǥ͔͔ ͕͕͛Ǥ͔͔ ͖͙͘͜Ǥ͔͔ ͙͖͔͛Ǥ͔͔ ͔͘͜Ǥ͔͔ ǦǦ ǦǦ Ǧ ǣ Ǧ ǡǦ ǣ ǡǡǡǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡǡǡǡǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ

ȀǤ ͡͞ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ

Ƭ Ǥ ǣǦ X ͛Ǥ͖͙͜Ǥ͗͝ X ͕͔͖͕͙͕͜Ȁ X ͖͚͗͘͜͜͝ȀǤ

͗Ǥ͙Ǥ͜

ǡ Ǥ

ǣ X ǡ X Ǥ

͜ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͚Ƭ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͕Ǥ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͛ Ǧ ͗Ǥ͕͜Ǥ

Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͚ ǤǤ Ǥ ͕Ǥ Ǧ ͖Ǥ ͛Ǥ͜ ͗Ǥ ͔Ǥ͙ ͘Ǥ ͗Ǥ͙ ͙Ǥ ͙Ǥ͙ ͚Ǥ ͝Ǥ͛ ͛Ǥ ͘Ǥ͖ ͜Ǥ ͖Ǥ͔ ǣ

ȀǤ ͟͡ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ

Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͛ ǣȋ Ǥ ǡ͖͔͕͛Ȍ ǤǤ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ ȋ͖͙ηȌ ͕Ǥ Ǧ ͛Ǥ͛͝ ͜Ǥ͕͖ ͛Ǥ͛͜ ͛Ǥ͜͜ ͛Ǥ͕͜ ͛Ǥ͗͜ ͛Ǥ͜͝ ͜Ǥ͕͔ ȋ͕ǣ͖Ǥ͙ǤȌ ͖Ǥ ȋ͕ǣ͖ǤȌ Ȁ ͔Ǥ͖͗ ͔Ǥ͕͗ ͔Ǥ͖͚ ͔Ǥ͖͜ ͔Ǥ͗͗ ͔Ǥ͚͗ ͔Ǥ͗͛ ͔Ǥ͗͜ ͗Ǥ Ǧ ͘Ǥ Ǧ ͙Ǥ Ψ ͕͗Ǥ͖͔ ͗͛Ǥ͖͔ ͗͘Ǥ͖͔ ͚͗Ǥ͗͛ ͔͗Ǥ͖͙ ͖͗Ǥ͕͔ ͖͗Ǥ͚͔ ͖͗Ǥ͕͔ ͚Ǥ Ȁ ͕Ǥ͛͘ ͕Ǥ͔͘ ͕Ǥ͘͘ ͕Ǥ͙͖ ͕Ǥ͛͘ ͕Ǥ͕͘ ͕Ǥ͙͘ ͕Ǥ͙͔ ͛Ǥ Ȁ ͕͖͝Ǥ͚͕ ͙͙͜Ǥ͕͛ ͙͘͜Ǥ͚͗ ͕͛͜Ǥ͕͘ ͕͕͔Ǥ͙͘ ͘͘͜Ǥ͔͛ ͖͔͘Ǥ͙͜ ͙͗͛Ǥ͚͛ ͜Ǥ Ȁ ͔͘͝Ǥ͙͘ ͖͘͘͜Ǥ͕͝ ͚͙͗Ǥ͗͜ ͕͗͛͜Ǥ͗͜ ͕͚͖͔Ǥ͔ ͖͖͕͔Ǥ͕͔ ͕͖͕͛Ǥ͕͔ ͕͚͖͔Ǥ͕͔ ͝Ǥ Ȁ ͖͔͘Ǥ͕͔ ͚͝Ǥ͕͕ ͖͕͘Ǥ͔ ͜͝Ǥ͖͖ ͕͖͗Ǥ͛͘ ͖͕͙Ǥ͚͕ ͕͛͝Ǥ͙͝ ͕͔͜Ǥ͔͘ ͕͔Ǥ ǤȀ Ǥ ͖͖͗Ǥ͔͖ ͖͔͚Ǥ͕͗ ͗͛͜Ǥ͝͝ ͕͔͘Ǥ͖͔ ͕͙͘Ǥ͔͖ ͖͔͜Ǥ͘͝ ͚͗͛Ǥ͖͘ ͗͘͝Ǥ͘͝ ͕͕Ǥ Ψ ͔Ǥ͚͝ ͔Ǥ͚͔ ͔Ǥ͙͝ ͔Ǥ͚͗ ͔Ǥ͚͗ ͔Ǥ͙͚ ͔Ǥ͙͛ ͔Ǥ͙͖ ͕͖Ǥ Ȁ ͕͖͝Ǥ͘͜ ͕͖͗Ǥ͘͜ ͖͚͔Ǥ͗͛ ͖͔͕Ǥ͖͘ ͛͗Ǥ͚͝ ͕͖͘Ǥ͕͘ ͕͛͜Ǥ͚͔ ͕͛͗Ǥ͚͝ ͕͗Ǥ ǤȀ Ǥ ͕͚͖Ǥ͕͔ ͕͕͛Ǥ͖͔ ͖͔͗Ǥ͛͜ ͕͗͜Ǥ͛͜ ͕͔͘Ǥ͖͔ ͕͚͗Ǥ͕͔ ͕͛͜Ǥ͙͗ ͕͗͜Ǥ͛͜ ͕͘Ǥ ǤȀ Ǥ ͗͝Ǥ͔͘ ͖͜Ǥ͛͘ ͚͘Ǥ͖͔ ͗͜Ǥ͖͔ ͖͗Ǥ͕͔ ͔͗Ǥ͕͔ ͗͗Ǥ͖͔ ͚͗Ǥ͖͔ ͕͙Ǥ Ȁ ͖͔Ǥ͕͝ ͖͕Ǥ͚͕ ͘͝Ǥ͔͔ ͙͗Ǥ͚͙ ͔͗Ǥ͔͝ ͕͜Ǥ͕͔ ͖͕Ǥ͕͔ ͕͝Ǥ͙͚ ͕͚Ǥ Ȁ ͖͙͘Ǥ͖͛ ͕͚͝Ǥ͕͕ ͖͔͘Ǥ͔ ͕͔͘Ǥ͔ ͖͗͘Ǥ͖͚ ͖͖͚Ǥ͙͗ ͗͗͘Ǥ͙͛ ͖͖͝Ǥ͕͗ ͕͛Ǥ Ȁ ͛Ǥ͕͔ ͕Ǥ͔͗ ͖Ǥ͕͔ ͜Ǥ͖͔ ͚Ǥ͖͔ ͜Ǥ͕͔ ͝Ǥ͖͔ ͚Ǥ͖͔ ͕͜Ǥ Ȁ ͗Ǥ͖͔ ͗Ǥ͚͔ ͗Ǥ͖͔ ͗Ǥ͔͖ ͘Ǥ͖͔ ͗Ǥ͔͘ ͘Ǥ͚͔ ͗Ǥ͕͔ ͕͝Ǥ Ȁ ͔Ǥ͘͝ ͔Ǥ͔͘ ͔Ǥ͔͗ ͔Ǥ͜͝ ͔Ǥ͕͗ ͔Ǥ͖͘ ͔Ǥ͙͛ ͔Ǥ͚͗ ͖͔Ǥ Ȁ ͖͚Ǥ͕͔ ͕͝Ǥ͕͕ ͖͔Ǥ͚͛ ͔͗Ǥ͖͔ ͖͖Ǥ͕͔ ͖͕Ǥ͔͘ ͖͚Ǥ͕͔ ͖͛Ǥ͕͔ ǣ

ȀǤ ͡͠ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͜

ǤǤ ͕Ǥ β͘Ǥ͙ ͘Ǥ͙͕Ȃ͙Ǥ͔ ͙Ǥ͔͕Ȃ͙Ǥ͙ ͙Ǥ͙͕Ǧ͚Ǥ͔ ͚Ǥ͕Ǧ͚Ǥ͙ ͚Ǥ͙͕Ǧ͛Ǥ͗ ͛Ǥ͕͗Ǧ͛Ǥ͜ ͛Ǥ͕͜Ǧ͜Ǥ͙ ͜Ǥ͙͕Ȃ͝Ǥ͔ γ͝Ǥ͔ ͖Ǥ ȋȀ Ȍ ͕Ǥ͔ ͕Ȁ ί͚͔͘ ͕Ǧ͖ ͖Ǧ͗ ͗Ǥ ȋȀȌ ͙͔ ͙͕Ǧ͕͔͔ ͕͕͔Ǧ͕͙͔ ͕͙͕Ǧ͔͔͗ γ͔͔͗ ͘Ǥ ȋȀȌ ͕͙ ͕͙Ȃ͔͗ ͕͗Ǧ͙͔ ͙͕Ǧ͚͙ ͚͚Ǧ͔͜ γ͔͜ ͙Ǥ ȋȀȌ ͔Ǧ͕͖͔ ͕͖͔Ǧ͕͔͜ ͕͔͜Ǧ͖͔͘ ͖͕͘Ǧ͔͔͗ ͔͕͗Ǧ͚͔͗ γ͚͔͗

Ƭ ͛Ǥ͛͜͜Ǥ͕͖ǡ Ǥ ͔Ǥ͙͖͔Ǥ͚͝Ψ Ǥ͕͚͗Ǥ͕͔͖͔͗Ǥ͛͜Ȁǡ ͖͜Ǥ͚͛͘͘Ǥ͖͔Ȁ

ȀǤ ͡͡ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ ǡ ͕͙͘Ǥ͔͖͕͔͘Ǥ͖͔Ȁ Ǥ

͗Ǥ͙Ǥ͝

͕͔ Ǥ

Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǤ

ǡ Ǥ ǡǡǤ

Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡȀ ͕͔

ȀǤ ͙͘͘ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ Ǥ ǣ Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͝ Ƭ ǣȋȌǡȋȌǡ ȋ Ȍǡ ȋ ȌǡȋȌ ȋǤȌ ǤǤ ͕Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͖Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͗Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͘Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͙Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͚Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͛Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͜Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͝Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͕͔Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͕͕Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͖Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͗Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͘Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͕͙Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͚Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͛Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͕͜Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͝Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖͔Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͖͕Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͖͖Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖͗Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͖͘Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͖͙Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͖͚Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖͛Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖͜Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖͝Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͔͗Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͗Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖͗Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ

ȀǤ ͙͙͘ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ ǤǤ ͗͗Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͗͘Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͙͗Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͚͗Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͗͛Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͗͜Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͗͝Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͔͘Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͘Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͖͘Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͗͘Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͘͘Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͙͘Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͚͘Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͛͘Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͘͜Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͘͝Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͙͔Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͙͕Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͙͖Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͙͗Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͙͘Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͙͙Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͙͚Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͙͛Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͙͜Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͙͝Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͚͔Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͚͕Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͚͖Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͚͗Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͚͘Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͚͙Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͚͚Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͚͛Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ Ϊ ͚͜Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ȋΪȌǣ ȋǦȌǣ

ȀǤ ͙͚͘ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ ǣ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ȃ͗Ǥ͖͔

ǤǤ ͕Ǥ ǡǡǡ ǡ ǡ Ȃ ǡ ǡǡ ͖Ǥ ǡǡǡ ǡǡ Ǧ ǡǡ ͗Ǥ Ǧ

Ǧ͗Ǥ͖͕

Ƭ Ǥ ͕͖͛͝ ͕Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͗Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͘Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͙Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͚Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͛Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͜Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͝Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ǦȋȌ ͕Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͖Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͗Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͘Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͙Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͚Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͛Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͜Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͝Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ

ȀǤ ͙͛͘ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ ͖Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͗Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͘Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͙Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͚Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ȋ Ȍ ͕Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ Ǧ ͖Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ Ǧ ͗Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ Ǧ ͘Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ Ǧ ͙Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ Ǧ ͚Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ Ǧ ͛Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ Ǧ ȋȌ ͕Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͗Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͘Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͙Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͚Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͛Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͜Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͝Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͔Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͕Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͕͖Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͕͗Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͘Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͙Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͕͚Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͛Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͜Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͝Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖͔Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖͕Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͖͖Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖͗Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͖͘Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖͙Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͖͚Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖͛Ǥ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ

ȀǤ ͙͘͜ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ ͖͜Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ϊ Ϊ ͖͝Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͔͗Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͕͗Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ͖͗Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ϊ ȋΪȌǣ ȋǦȌǣ

¾ ȋȌƬȋ Ȍ Ǣ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ ǡ͕͖͛͝Ǥ ¾ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ

͗Ǥ͙Ǥ͕͔ Ǧ

Ǧ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǥǡǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ

Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ

Ǧ ǣ X Ǧ Ǥ X Ǧ ǡǡǡ Ǥ X Ǥ X Ǥ X Ǥ

ȀǤ ͙͘͝ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ X Ǧ X X X

X ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ

Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ

ȋ͔Ǧ͗Ȍǡ ȋ͗Ǧ͛Ȍȋ͛Ǧ͕͔Ȍ

X Ƭ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ

͙͘ǡ͚͛͘Ǥ ̵ ̵ ̶ ̶ǡǤ ͖͔͕͕ǡ ͖ǡ͔͖͝ǡ͕͗͛ ͕ǡ͔͚͝ǡ͙͛͗͛͝͝ǡ͚͗͘ Ǥ ǦǢ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ

ȀǤ ͙͘͞ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ ǡǦ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǲ ǳ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ͗Ǥ͖͖Ǥ

͕͔Ǥ ͖͘Ǥ Ǧ ǤǤǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͗Ǥ͖͖ ȋǤǤȌ ͕͚͔͖͘͝ ͙͚͛͘͘ ͕͗͘ Ǥ ͕͖͖͖͘͘͜͜ ͙͚͖͛͘͘ ͙͔͖͗ ͚͔͚͖͗͘͝͝ ͕͙͖͖͙͗͜ ͖͖͕͚͙ ͕͕͖͚͔͗͘͝ ͕͙͕͙͖͜ ͕͖͖͚͘ ͖͖͗͘͘͜͜͝ ͚͔͛͛͗͜ ͕͝͝͝ ͕͕͛͛͘͜͝ ͖͖͖͘͜ ͚͗ ͔͛͛͘͘͘͘ ͖͙͙͜͜͝ ͕͖͘͝ ȋΨȌ ͚͛Ǥ͝͝ ͙͝Ǥ͛͝ ͙͘Ǥ͖͛ ȋ ͕͔͔͔Ȍ ͕͝͝ ͖͘͝ ͖͛͝

͖͔͕͕ ͖͖͕͚͙ ȋ ͕͔ ȌǤ ͕͖͘͝ȋ͖͘Ǥ͕͝ΨȌ ͚͗ȋ͕Ǥ͔͙ΨȌǤ ͙͘Ǥ͖͛ΨǤ ͛͘Ǥ͚͙ ΨǤ͚͜Ǥ͔͝Ψ͕͗Ǥ͕͝ΨǤǡ͙͖Ǥ͙͗Ψ ǦǤ

Ǧ Ǥ͗Ǥ͖͗ǣ

ȀǤ ͙͘͟ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ Ǧ͗Ǥ͖͗ ǤǤ Ǧ ȋΨȌ ͔Ǧ͗ ͕Ǥ ͕͔ ͚͖ ͖͚ ͚͗ ͕͙͗͜ ͔ ͔ ͕ ͔ ͚͕ ͖Ǥ͔͛ ͖͗ ͔ ͖͗ ͗͝ ͖Ǥ ͕͖ ͚͚ ͖͗ ͗͘ ͖͖͛ ͔ ͔ ͚ ͘ ͙͚ ͕͝Ǥ͚͕ ͕͛ ͔ ͕͛ ͘͝ ͗Ǥ ͕͗ ͕͕͜ ͙͜ ͚͝ ͕͕͖͝ ͔ ͔ ͙͖ ͙͖ ͕͔͘ ͔͛Ǥ͙͛ ͘͝ ͔ ͘͝ ͕͖͗ ͘Ǥ ͕͗͘ ͖͚͜ ͕͗͘ ͕͗͘ ͕͔͔͔ ͖͜ ͗ ͖͛͘ ͕͔͛ ͕͛͘ ͚͖Ǥ͕͛ ͕͛͝ ͕͗͜ ͔͗͜ ͚͘͘ ͙Ǥ ͕͕͔ ͙͚͛ ͖͚͝ ͖͔͜ ͚͘͝ ͜͝ ͔ ͕͙͙ ͔͜ ͖͙͗ ͙͕Ǥ͝͝ ͕͙͙ ͚͛ ͖͖͖ ͙͗͘ ͚Ǥ ͕͕͖͝ ͔͖͛͘ ͖͕͙͛ ͕͕͖͗ ͗͘͜ ͕͖͛ ͗͜ ͖͔͜͝ ͚͖͚ ͖͖͛͘ ͛͛Ǥ͙͜ ͖͖͔͕ ͙͗ ͖͖͙͘ ͕͛͛͗ ͕͖͚͘ ͙͛͗͜ ͙͚͗͛ ͖͕͕͛ ͘͘͝ ͙͖͗ ͕͘ ͖͙͙͝ ͖͗͝ ͙͗͛͝ ͛͘Ǥ͚ ͖͚͙͘ ͔͗͗ ͖͙͘͝ ͖͛͗͝ ͗Ǧ͛ ͙Ǥ ͗͜ ͕͛͝ ͕͔͖ ͛͛ ͙͙͛ ͔ ͔ ͘͜ ͖͚ ͛͘ ͙͔Ǥ͚͜ ͕͘ ͖ ͗͘ ͕͚͗ ͚Ǥ ͛͗ ͚͗͘ ͕͛͝ ͕͙͜ ͕͔͗͘ ͚͛ ͔ ͕͕͔ ͚͙ ͕͙͛ ͙͜Ǥ͖͝ ͕͙͝ ͕ ͕͚͕͚͜͝ ͛Ǥ ͕͙͗ ͚͗͜ ͘͘͜ ͗͜͜ ͚͚͜ ͖͛ ͚ ͚ ͘ ͕͗͘ ͚͖Ǥ͚͜ ͖͔͗ ͕͔͝ ͗͗͝ ͗͘͘ ͜Ǥ ͕͕͔ ͚͕͙ ͕͗͗ ͔͖͗ ͚͙͝ ͔ ͔ ͕͚͚ ͖͝ ͖͙͜ ͙͕Ǥ͕͝ ͗͗͘ ͕͘ ͙͗͛ ͖͙͜ ͝Ǥ ͜͜ ͚͛͘ ͖͗͜ ͖͗͜ ͕͔͔͔ ͘͜ ͔ ͕͘͜ ͕͖͗ ͖͔͜ ͔͛Ǥ͜͝ ͕͖͝ ͙͙ ͖͛͘ ͖͖͝ ͕͔Ǥ ͖͛ ͕͔͗ ͖͛ ͙͜ ͔͚͜ ͔ ͕ ͙͗ ͖͗ ͙͜ ͙͔Ǥ͜͜ ͖͗ ͕͙ ͛͘ ͗͜ ͕͕Ǥ ͙͖ ͖͙͙ ͕͗͛ ͕͕͜ ͚͕͜ ͗ ͔ ͔͛ ͗͝ ͕͔͝ ͙͔Ǥ͚͘ ͚͚ ͗͜ ͕͔͘ ͕͙͕ ͕͖Ǥ ͜͝ ͙͔͗ ͖͚͛ ͗͜ ͕͕͗ ͘ ͔ ͕͚͘ ͗͘ ͕͔͜ ͙͙Ǥ͗͜ ͖͖͝ ͕ ͖͗͝ ͙͛ ͕͗Ǥ ͖͛ ͕͖͖ ͙͕ ͕͛ ͕͖͗͝ ͔ ͔ ͖͕ ͗͗ ͙͘ ͙͘Ǥ͙͙ ͖͘ ͕͚ ͙͜ ͚͘ ͕͘Ǥ ͕͖͔ ͙͙͚ ͖͕͝ ͖͚͙ ͕͕͝ ͕͖͝ ͔ ͕͔͘ ͗͝ ͖͗͗ ͙͔Ǥ͚͙ ͕͚͛ ͚͔ ͖͖͛ ͖͗͝ ͕͙Ǥ ͕͔͖ ͛͘͜ ͖͘͜ ͖͔͗ ͖͛͝ ͔ ͔ ͕͗͘ ͖͝ ͖͖͚ ͚͔Ǥ͙͝ ͕͖͔ ͚ ͕͖͚͙͖͗ ͗͜͝ ͚͛͘͜ ͖͙͙͘ ͖͖͕͘ ͕͔͙͛͜ ͖͜͝ ͛ ͕͔͖͘ ͚͗͗ ͖͕͙͘ ͙͘ ͕͖͗͜ ͗͜͝ ͖͖͔͗ ͖͙͗͗ ͛Ǧ͕͔ ͕͚Ǥ ͖͖ ͕͔͖ ͘͝ ͙͗ ͕͔͖͜ ͔ ͔ ͕ ͕ ͖ ͖Ǥ͚͛ ͖͜ ͕ ͖͝ ͛͗ ͕͛Ǥ ͕͘ ͖͕͙ ͕͕͕ ͕͔͘ ͗͛͝ ͔ ͘ ͚͝ ͕͘ ͕͕͔ ͚͗Ǥ͙͜ ͙͙ ͖͛ ͖͜ ͕͗͗

ȀǤ ͙͘͠ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ ǤǤ Ǧ ȋΨȌ ͕͜Ǥ ͛͘ ͖͛͘ ͕͖͖ ͕͖͙ ͕͔͖͙ ͔ ͔ ͛͝ ͙͜ ͕͗͛ ͚͚Ǥ͗͜ ͚͖ ͕ ͚͗ ͕͘͜ ͕͝Ǥ ͕͔͘ ͚͚͗ ͗͘͜ ͕͙͗ ͔͙͝ ͗ ͕ ͕͚͕ ͛͜ ͖͗͝ ͙͘Ǥ͔͕ ͖͖͔ ͖͗ ͖͗͘ ͖͔͘ ͖͔Ǥ ͙͜ ͖͖͘ ͖͕͔ ͖͕͖ ͕͔͕͔ ͕ ͔ ͕͕͕ ͜͝ ͖͔͔ ͙͚Ǥ͗͘ ͕͔͝ ͗͗ ͕͖͘ ͖͔͜ ͖͕Ǥ ͕͙͗ ͖͛͗ ͗͛͗ ͙͗͝ ͚͖͝ ͕͖ ͔ ͕͙͛ ͝͝ ͖͛͘ ͘͘Ǥ͕͘ ͖͙͛ ͕ ͖͙͜ ͛͘͘ ͖͖Ǥ ͕͔͘ ͚͖͛ ͕͗͘ ͕͗͗ ͛͝͝ ͚͕ ͕ ͖͔͙ ͕͖͚ ͕͗͗ ͚͙Ǥ͘͝ ͕͕͙ ͕͗͝ ͖͙͗͛͗͘ ͖͗Ǥ ͕͝ ͙͗͜ ͕͘͜ ͕͛͘ ͚͘͝ ͕͗ ͔ ͕͖͘ ͛͘ ͕͜͝ ͚͚Ǥ͖͖ ͕͖͗ ͗͛ ͕͚͝ ͕͜͝ ͖͘Ǥ ͚͜ ͖͚͘ ͖͖͘ ͖͔͖ ͔͖͝ ͕ ͔ ͕͙͘ ͕͕͚ ͖͔͛ ͖͛Ǥ͔͔ ͕͙͛ ͔ ͕͙͛ ͖͚͝ ͖͙Ǥ ͖͔͕ ͚͝͝ ͖͘͝ ͙͔͘ ͕͔͖͘ ͖͚͗ ͔ ͖͗͝ ͕͕͛ ͔͘ ͙͖Ǥ͕͔ ͖͔͝ ͚͜ ͙͗͜ ͚͗͜ ͖͚Ǥ ͙͙ ͖͖͛ ͕͔͘ ͕͖͗ ͗͘͝ ͔ ͔ ͙͜ ͚͘ ͕͕͗ ͚͕Ǥ͖͕ ͕͙͙ ͔ ͕͙͙ ͕͕͛ ͖͛Ǥ ͚͗͜ ͕͛͛͝ ͕͗͝ ͘͜͜ ͚͜͝ ͙͚͘ ͔ ͕͕͛ ͙͙͘ ͗͘ ͔͜Ǥ͕͙ ͙͚͚ ͕͙͕͖͔͔͗͛͝ ͖͜Ǥ ͔͗͜ ͕͙͕͙ ͖͘͜ ͚͕͝ ͗͜͝ ͘͝ ͕ ͕͘͜ ͖͚͚ ͕͜͝ ͙͝Ǥ͗͘ ͚͗͗ ͕͕ ͚͘͘ ͕͛͜ ͖͝Ǥ Ǧ ͕͕͜ ͕͔͖͜ ͙͘͝ ͙͗͗ ͕͛͝ ͕͖͙ ͔ ͖͔͕ ͕͔͘ ͔͙͗ ͚͗Ǥ͙͗ ͚͗͗ ͕͘͝ ͙͙͛ ͙͖͙ ͔͗Ǥ ͚͔͚ ͖͖͔͙ ͕͖͖͛ ͗͗͝ ͛͗͗ ͕͛͗ ͜ ͖͝͝ ͚͔͛ ͕͙͚͗ ͙͜Ǥ͖͝ ͙͜͜ ͛ ͚͙͜ ͕͔͗͘ ͖͚͕͘ ͕͕͚͙͝ ͚͕͖͙ ͙͙͗͘ ͕͖͘͘͘ ͕͖͗͜ ͕͙ ͖͙͗͛ ͖͖͕͘ ͔͕͘͘ ͙͛Ǥ͕͜ ͔͔͔͘ ͙͛͗ ͙͛͗͘ ͚͔͚͝ ͙͔͖͗ ͖͖͕͚͙ ͕͖͖͚͘ ͕͝͝͝ ͖͙͛͗͝ ͕͖͘͝ ͚͗ ͔͛͗͜ ͚͗͜͝ ͚͙͛͝ ͙͗Ǥ͕͗ ͛͛͘͜ ͕͖͛͘ ͛͘͜͝ ͕͖͔͗͘ ǣ ǡ͚͙͙͘ Ǧ͗Ǥ͖͘ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ȁ ͔Ǧ͗ ͚ ͕͖͚͘ ͙͛͗͜ ͙͖͗ ͕͘ ͙͗͛͝ ͖͚͙͘ ͔͗͗ ͖͙͘͝ ͖͛͗͝ ͗Ǧ͛ ͕͖ ͗͜͝ ͚͛͘͜ ͖͜͝ ͛ ͖͕͙͘ ͕͖͗͜ ͗͜͝ ͖͖͔͗ ͖͙͗͗ ͛Ǧ͕͔ ͕͙ ͖͚͕͘ ͕͕͚͙͝ ͕͖͗͜ ͕͙ ͔͕͘͘ ͔͔͔͘ ͙͛͗ ͙͛͗͘ ͚͔͚͝ ͕͗ ͙͔͖͗ ͖͖͕͚͙ ͕͖͘͝ ͚͗ ͚͙͛͝ ͛͛͘͜ ͕͖͛͘ ͛͘͜͝ ͕͖͔͗͘ ǣ ǡ͚͙͙͘

ȀǤ ͙͘͡ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ Ǥ ͕͔ Ǥ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ȁǡ Ǥ

ȋȌ Ǥ͔͗ǡ ͗ ͕͔͛͛Ǥ

ǡ ȋȌǡ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ͖͔͕͕ ǡ ǡ Ǥ

X ǡ͕͗ ͖͖͕͚͙ ͙͔͖͗ Ǥ ǡ ͕͖͖͚͕͘͝͝͝ Ǥ ͖͖͛͘͝͝ ͕͔͔͔Ǥ Ǥ

͗Ǥ͕͖ǣ X

ǡ Ǥ Ǥ

ȀǤ ͙͙͘ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ ȋǤǤȌ ͕͖͘͝ȋ͜Ǥ͚͜ΨȌ ͚͗ȋ͔Ǥ͖͜ΨȌ͖͔͕͛͜ȋ͕͝Ǥ͔͗ΨȌǤ

Ǧ͗Ǥ͖͙ Ȁ Ǥ ȋ͔Ǧ͗Ȍ ͚ ͙͛͗͜ ͙͖͗ ͕͘ ͙͙͗͘ ȋ͗Ǧ͛Ȍ ͕͖ ͚͛͘͜ ͖͜͝ ͛ ͖͛͘͘ ȋ͛Ǧ͕͔Ȍ ͕͙ ͕͕͚͙͝ ͕͖͗͜ ͕͙ ͕͔͚͕͗ ͕͗ ͖͖͕͚͙ ͕͖͘͝ ͚͗ ͖͔͕͛͜ ǣ ǡ͚͙͙͘

͗Ǥ͕͗ǣȀ͕͔

Ǥ Ǥ ͕͔ ͙͘Ǥ͖͛Ψ Ǥ

͔͛͗͜ ǡ ǡ͚͗͜͝Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ͗Ǥ͖͚

ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ

ȀǤ ͙͙͙ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ Ǧ͗Ǥ͖͚ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ȋΨȌ ȋΨȌ ȋΨȌ ͕Ǥ ͚ ͖͙͙͝ ͖͗͝ ͙͗͛͝ ͙͙Ǥ͙͗͜Ǥ͕͙͛͘Ǥ͚ ͖Ǥ ͕͖ ͕͔͖͘ ͚͗͗ ͖͕͙͘ ͚͕Ǥ͘ ͙͘Ǥ͚͖ ͙͘ ͗Ǥ ͕͙ ͖͙͗͛ ͖͖͕͘ ͔͕͘͘ ͚͛Ǥ͖ ͚͘Ǥ͙͗ ͙͛Ǥ͕͜ ͕͗ ͔͛͗͜ ͚͗͜͝ ͚͙͛͝ ͚͕Ǥ͚͗ ͗͘Ǥ͗͘ ͙͗Ǥ͕͗

ǣ ǡ͚͙͙͘

Ǧ͗Ǥ͕͘ǣ

Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǤǡǡǦǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ

͕͔͜ ǤǦ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ

ȀǤ ͙͙͚ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ

͗Ǥ͕͙ǣ

Ǧ ͙͘Ψ͙͙Ψ Ǥ ǦǤ

Ǧ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ

Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ

ǡ Ǥ

ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ

ȀǤ ͙͙͛ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ ȋ͜Ǥ͘͠Ǥ͘Ȍȋ͙͝͝͞Ȍ ǦǡǦǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ͛ Ȁ X ǡ Ǥ

X ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ

X Ǥ

X Ǧǡ Ǥ

X Ǥ

X Ȁ

X Ǥ

X Ƭ Ǥ

͗Ǥ͚ Ƭ Ǥ ǡǡ ƬǤ Ǥ ǡ ȀǤ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ

ȀǤ ͙͙͜ ǤǤǤǤ ȋǣȌ Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

CHAPTER - 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY The anticipated environmental impacts of the expansion of cement project would be mainly due to the construction and operational activities. The environmental parameters likely to be affected are related to many factors, viz. physical, social, and economic, agriculture and aesthetic. The industrial operations can disturb the environment in various ways, such as change in air, noise level; water and soil quality of that particular area. While for the purpose of development and economic up-liftment of people, there is need for establishment of industries, but these have to be environmental friendly. Therefore, it is essential to assess the impacts of expansion project on different environmental and socio-economic parameters; so that, abatement measures could be planned in advance for minimizing the impacts wherever feasible.

4.2 IMPACT DUE TO PROPOSED EXPANSION ACTIVITY Impacts due to any project activity have been divided according to the temporal scale into ‘Impacts during Construction Phase’ and ‘Impacts during Operation Phase’. The impacts on different environmental parameters, due to the proposed expansion project, will be due to various activities carried out during construction phase and operation phase; Construction activity spreads over pre-construction, machinery installation and commissioning stages and ends with the induction of manpower and start-up. During operation phase of the proposed expansion project, the impacts will be mostly permanent and irreversible in nature. According to the impacts identified between project activities and resource/receptors as described in the above table, it is evident that the following environmental attributes are likely to have impact due to expansion project and therefore, to be considered for Impact Assessment: 1. Topography & Land Use 2. Air Quality 3. Noise Environment 4. Water Quality (Surface & Ground Water) 5. Soil Environment 6. Biological Environment

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 115 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

7. Socio-economic Environment 8. Occupation Health & Safety

The impacts of expansion project on various environmental attributes were assessed during construction & operation phase of the project and are given in sections below.

4.3 ANTICIPATED IMPACT ON TOPOGRAPHY & LAND USE PATTERN AND MITIGATION MEASURES  Anticipated Impacts- There will not be any significant impact / change in topography and land use pattern of the area due to expansion project. • Topography of the site is generally flat with an elevation of 29 m to 56 m. During construction phase, some level of cutting and filling will need to be done to maintain an even topography within the plant area. No change is envisaged. • The present land use of the plant site is industrial; expansion will be done within existing plant premises; therefore, there will be no permanent change in land use, only intensity will increase due to expansion project.

4.4 ANTICIPATED IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY AND MITIGATION MEASURES Construction Phase  Anticipated Impacts-

Increase in dust and NO x concentration due to Leveling activity and Heavy vehicular movement. • The main sources of dust emission are the movement of equipment at site, leveling, grading, earthwork and foundation works. • Exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment to be deployed during the

construction phase is also likely to result in marginal increase in the levels of SO 2,

NO x, PM, CO and un-burnt hydrocarbons. The impact will be for short duration. This will be confined within the plant boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the plant boundary. The impact will, however, be reversible, marginal and temporary in nature.

 Mitigation Measures- • Sprinkling of water on construction site and on unpaved roads. • Development of sufficient vegetation. • Construction equipment having PUC certificate will be deployed during the activity to restrict exhaust emission. • Proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 116 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

In addition to above, dust will also be generated from stockpiles of construction material (aggregates and sand). To prevent this, stockpiles will be aligned properly with slopes stabilized and max. height will be maintained.

Operation Phase  Anticipated Impacts- Increase in concentration of Fugitive emissions and Stack emissions (SO2, NOx and PM).  The operational phase of the proposed expansion project comprises of various activities and each of them will impact the air quality due to:  Fugitive emissions  Stack emissions (A) Fugitive Emissions Fugitive emissions in cement plant is due to various process and non-process related activities which are given below:  Process related activities  Material Handling and Transfer o Loading and unloading operation of raw material and finished product o Transfer operations (Transfer Points) o Silos Vent  Milling Operations o Primary and Secondary crushing of limestone, coal and Petcoke o Grinding of clinker  Non-process related activities  Vehicular Traffic o Movement of raw material and finished product by trucks / trailer from main gate to designated place inside the plant and vice-versa o Movement of personnel vehicles  Material Storage o Material (e.g. limestone) stored in open yard  Mitigation Measures Adequate pollution control measures have been / will be taken to keep the fugitive emissions from all sources within the statutory norms, brief of which are given below: • The crushed limestone from limestone crusher is being / will be transported through belt conveyor. • A set of water spray nozzles is being / will be provided over the conveyor belt in the stacker feed point. • Bag filters has been / will be installed at all material transfer points. M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 117 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

• Sprinkling of water on roads is being / will be done. • Regular cleaning and sweeping of roads, near-by area of storage yard etc. is being / will be done. Details on fugitive emission control measures is given in Chapter - X of this EIA / EMP Report.

A) Stack Emissions In a cement plant, the major emission from stack is Particulate Matter (PM) emissions. In

addition, gaseous pollutants (SO 2, NO x and CO) are also anticipated from stack emissions and vehicular emissions.  Mitigation Measures • Efficient Air Pollution Control Equipment (APCE) like Bag House / Bag Filter / ESP has been / will be installed at all major stacks to keep the emissions within the permissible limits. • Pyro-process itself acts as a long SO2 scrubber. Kiln with Pre-heater / Calciner removes 70- 95 % SO2 emissions. Installation of a good burner system will provide improved combustion efficiency of the fuel and also avoid flame impingement on the raw materials. • NOx generation takes place at high temperature and excess air. Low NOx burner has been / will be installed for fuel burning along with calciner for low NOx formation. • Vehicles and machineries is being / will be regularly maintained. Proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles is being / will be done. Hence, the overall quality of the ambient air will be maintained within the limit prescribed by CPCB / GPCB after the commencement of the operation of expansion project.

4.3.1 Air Quality Predictions through Mathematical Modeling For obtaining quantitative value of impacts, modelling for air environment is carried out. Mathematical modelling is an established and accepted technique to predict the impacts. In this section, impact on air environment due to emissions to be generated from the expansion project have been assessed.

Prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out employing mathematical model based on a steady state Gaussian plume dispersion model designed for multiple point sources for short term. In the present case, AERMOD version 8.2 dispersion model based on steady state gaussian plume dispersion, designed for multiple sources and developed by United States Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] has been used for simulations from Industrial sources. The concentrations have been predicted in all directions covering all types of weather conditions. Spatial distributions of all the pollutants are also presented in the form of Isopleths.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 118 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

4.3.1.1 Pollutants/Model Options Considered for Computations

The model simulations deal with major pollutant Particulate Matter (PM), SO 2 and NO x emitted from the expansion activity.

4.3.1.2 Model Options Used for Computations The options used for short-term computations in AEROMOD are:  The plume rise is estimated by Briggs formulae, but the final rise is always limited to that of the mixing layer;  Stack tip down-wash is not considered;  Buoyancy Induced Dispersion is used to describe the increase in plume dispersion during the ascension phase;  Calms processing routine is used by default;  Wind profile exponents is used by default, 'Irwin';  Flat terrain is used for computations;  It is assumed that the pollutants do not undergo any physio-chemical transformation and that there is no pollutant removal by dry deposition;  Washout by rain is not considered;  Cartesian co-ordinate system has been used for computations; and  The model computations have been done for total 20 km with 500-m interval.

4.3.1.3 Model Input Data a) Meteorological Data Meteorological inputs required are Temperature, Relative Humidity, Wind Speed and Wind Direction etc. which was recorded at site during Post-Monsoon Season (Oct., to Dec., 2017). Hourly Meteorological Data has been enclosed as Annexure - 5 along with this EIA / EMP Report.

b) Stack Emissions Stack emission details are given in Table - 4.1 (A) and 4.1 (B)

Table - 4.1 (A) Proposed Stack Emission Details - Line-3 Height Temp. Exhaust Gas Internal Emission Rate (kg/hr) Stack from of Exit Diameter Specific Volumetric attached ground Exhaust Velocity Temp. Density (Top) Heat Flow Gases o 3 to level PM SO 2 NO 2 (m/sec) ( C) (kg/Nm ) (m) (kj/kg oC) (m 3/hr) (m) (oC) Raw Mill 115 5.5 16.97 101.65 339.47 220 13.56 220 1.4 1.045 936000 & Kiln Coal Mill 78 2.5 6.92 NA NA 90 20.89 90 1.35 1.045 280800 Alkali by 55 3.35 3.09 NA NA 300 20.23 300 1.29 0.878 198000 Pass M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 119 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Clinker 52 4.25 4.49 NA NA 100 13.71 100 1.29 0.878 187200 Cooler Boiler- 1 92 1.9 8.18 98.11 49.06 160 46.65 160 1.3 1.045 237600 Boiler- 2 92 1.9 8.18 98.11 49.06 160 46.65 160 1.3 1.045 237600

Table - 4.1 (B) Proposed Stack Emission Details - Line -4

Height Temp. Exhaust Gas Internal Emission Rate (kg/hr) Stack from of Exit Diameter Specific Volumetric attached ground Exhaust Velocity Temp. Density (Top) Heat Flow to level Gases (m/sec) (oC) (kg/Nm 3) (m) PM SO 2 NO 2 o 3 (m) (oC) (kj/kg C) (m /hr) Raw Mill 115 5.5 16.97 101.65 339.47 220 13.56 220 1.4 1.045 936000 & Kiln Coal Mill 78 2.5 6.92 NA NA 90 20.89 90 1.35 1.045 280800 Alkali by 55 3.35 3.09 NA NA 300 20.23 300 1.29 0.878 198000 Pass Clinker 52 4.25 4.49 NA NA 100 13.71 100 1.29 0.878 187200 Cooler Boiler- 1 92 1.9 8.18 98.11 49.06 160 46.65 160 1.3 1.045 237600

4.3.1.4 Modeling Procedure Prediction of ground level concentrations (GLC’s) due to expansion of Cement plant has been made by AERMOD version 8.2 as per CPCB guidelines. It is US-EPA approved model to predict the air quality. The model uses rural dispersion and regulatory defaults options as per guidelines on air quality models (PROBES/70/1997-1998). For this study, uniform polar receptors on flat terrain have been assumed. Meteorological inputs required are hourly wind speed and direction, ambient temperature, stability class, and mixing height. The model details are as follows:

4.3.1.5 Gaussian Plume Model

The AERMOD version 8.2 model is based on a numerical integration over the area in the upwind and cross wind directions of Gaussian plume formula. This can be applied to the Point, Area, Line, Volume sources (and other forms of area sources) simultaneously and their resultant incremental concentration of the pollutant can be predicted.

4.3.1.6 Extrapolation of Wind Speed Wind speed at stack level is calculated by power law as given below.

p Ustack = U 10 (Stack height/10)

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 120 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Where U 10 is the wind speed at 10 meter level and p is the power law coefficient (0.07, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15, 0.35 and 0.55 for stability classes A, B, C, D, E and F respectively) as per Irwin for rural areas (USEPA, 1987).

4.3.1.7 Stability Classification Hourly stability is determined by wind direction fluctuation method as suggested by Slade (1965) and recommended by CPCB (PROBES/70/1997-1998).

σa = W dr /6

σa, is standard deviation of wind direction fluctuation, W dr is the overall wind direction fluctuation or width of the wind direction in degrees. The table for stability classes is given as under:

Stability Class σσσa (degree) A > 22.5 B 22.4 – 17.5 C 17.4 – 12.5 D 12.4 – 7.5 E 7.4 – 3.5 F < 3.5

4.3.1.8 Dispersion Parameters Dispersion parameters σy and σz for open country conditions (Briggs, 1974) are used as the project is located on a flat terrain in a rural area. Atmospheric dispersion coefficients vary with downwind distance (x) from emission sources for different atmospheric stability conditions. (CPCB – PROBES/70/1997-98). Rural Conditions

Stability Class σσσy σσσaz A 0.22x(1+0.0001x) -.5 0.20x B 0.16x(1+0.0001x) -.5 0.12x C 0.11x(1+0.0001x) -.5 0.08x(1+0.0002x) .5 D 0.08x(1+0.0001x) -.5 0.06(1+0.0015x) .5 E 0.06x(1+0.0001x) -.5 0.03x(1+0.0003x) -1 F 0.04x(1+0.0001x) -.5 0.16x(1+0.0003x) -1

4.3.1.9 Mixing Height As site specific mixing heights were not available, mixing heights based on IMD publication, “Atlas of Hourly Mixing Height and Assimilative Capacity of Atmosphere in India”, has been considered for Industrial Source Complex model to establish the worst-case scenario.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 121 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Table - 4.2 Mixing Height for the Plant Site - Post -Monsoon Season Time (Hours) Mixing Height (m) 0600 110 0700 100 0800 175 0900 390 1000 675 1100 900 1200 1500 1300 1800 1400 2050 1500 2550 1600 2350 1700 2750 1800 2200 1900 1750 2000 1525 Source: IMD publication, “Atlas of Hourly Mixing Height and Assimilative Capacity of Atmosphere in India”

4.3.1.10 Presentation of Results In the present case, model simulations have been carried using the hourly Triple Joint Frequency data. Short-term simulations were carried to estimate concentrations at the receptors to obtain an optimum description of variations in concentrations over the site in 10 km radius covering 16 directions. The incremental concentrations are estimated for the monitoring period. For each time scale, i.e. for 24 hr the model computes the highest concentrations observed during the period over all the measurement points. Existing value has been covered in the Background Ambient Air Quality Monitoring. Table - 4.3 Peak Incremental Concentration for Different Scenarios Concentration S. No. Particular PM SO 2 NO 2 Monitored Maximum 1. 86.4 11.9 24.4 concentrations in µg/m 3 Predicted incremental Maximum 2. 1.98 4.91 6.45 concentrations in µg/m 3 Resultant Maximum 3. 88.38 16.81 30.85 concentrations in µg/m 3 4. NAAQS (dated 2009) 100 80 80

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 122 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

For Particulate Matter, maximum GLC for Cement Plant expansion is found to be 1.98 µg/m3 382.68 to 923.88 m away from the plant boundary (Figure 4.1).

3 Maximum GLC for SO 2 is found to be 4.91 µg/m 382.68 to 923.88 m away from the plant boundary in SW direction. (Figure 4.2).

3 Maximum GLC for NO 2 is found to be 6.45µg/m 382.68 to 923.88 m away from the plant boundary in SW direction (Figure 4.3). The maximum GLCs after implementation of the expansion project are very much likely to be within the prescribed NAAQ standards. There will be no significant threat to the gaseous pollutants of the ambient air quality; however, concentration of particulate matter is a subject of concern - though not immediate. Proper mitigation plan for dust control will be implemented in the plant premises.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 123 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Figure 4.1: Isopleth showing the incremental GLCs of PM

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 124 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Figure 4.2: Isopleth showing the incremental GLCs of SO 2

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 125 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Figure 4.3: Isopleth showing the incremental GLCs of NO 2

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 126 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

4.4 ANTICIPATED IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES Construction Phase  Anticipated Impacts Increase in noise level due to construction equipment.  During construction phase, noise will be generated due to following activities / processes: • Movement /operation of transport and construction vehicles / equipment • Transportation of equipment, materials and people • Other important activities involved in construction stage such as excavation, earthmoving, compaction, concrete mixing, crane operation, steel erection, mechanical /electrical installation • Piling work during laying down of foundation for infrastructure The noise generation during construction phase will be temporary and will be limited to the plant site.  Mitigation Measures • Equipment will be kept in good condition to keep the noise level within 90 dB(A). • Workers will be provided necessary protective equipments e.g. ear plugs, earmuffs.

Operation Phase  Increase in noise level within the plant area  For expansion, installation of equipment/ machinery will be with low generation of noise as per design and also, will be housed in insulated ceiling. Therefore, noise level of the surrounding area will not increase significantly. Following noise abatement measures are being / will be taken: • Persons working just close to machine and machine operators are being / will be provided with personal protective equipment viz. Ear plugs / Ear muffs etc. • Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals is being / will be done to reduce generation of noise. • Greenbelt of appropriate width at the plant boundary is being / will be developed. • Regular monitoring of noise level is being / will be carried out and corrective measures in concerned machinery are being / will be adopted accordingly.

4.5 ANTICIPATED IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY AND MITIGATION MEASURES Construction Phase  Anticipated Impacts Decrease in ground water level and increase in suspended solids due to soil run-off during heavy precipitation due to loose soil at construction site.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 127 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

 During the construction phase of expansion project, water (60 KLD) will be required for construction activities at site. This requirement of water will be met from Desalination plant which will be stored in RCC tank / overhead and used in civil construction, canteen, besides domestic use by construction workers. About 20 KLD of domestic wastewater will be generated from the construction site.

 Mitigation Measures • Existing Rainwater harvesting recharges the ground water table. • The waste water will be taken to Soak pit and septic tank. • Storm water drains will be made immediately after starting construction activity. The drains will be properly aligned in conformity with the site drainage pattern so that the alteration is kept to the minimum and flooding or soil erosion does not occur. • Sedimentation pits will be provided at appropriate location to trap the silt laden runoff water and prevent excessive silt from going outside. The storm water drains will be diverted to a water reservoir to collect the runoff. This stored water will be utilized for civil construction purpose. Operation Phase  No waste water will be generated from Clinker manufacturing processes.  Total fresh water requirement for the Existing plant is 3320 KLD and additional fresh water requirement for the expansion project (Phase -1 & 2) will be 3120 KLD. Thus, the total fresh water requirement after expansion will be 6340 KLD; which will be sourced from the Desalination plant.

Environmental Clearance has already been obtained for 6700 KLD from Desalination plant from MoEFCC, New Delhi vide letter no. J-11011/398/2009-IAII (I) dated 22 nd July, 2015.

 No waste water will be discharged outside the plant premises. Therefore, operation of expansion of Cement Plant will not pose any adverse impact on the ground water resources of the area. Domestic wastewater generated from plant and colony is being / will be treated in STP and treated water is being / will be utilized for greenbelt development / plantation. RO reject water is being / will be used in dust suppression. Rain water harvesting is being / will be practiced inside the plant and colony premises. Regular monitoring of water quality is being / will be carried out. Training and awareness programmes on water conservation measures will also be organized for the locals.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 128 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

4.6 ANTICIPATED IMPACT ON SOIL QUALITY AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Construction Phase

 During construction activity, the impact on soil will be limited to the construction site only. Impact on soil during construction would be mainly due to the left out of construction material used.  Careful design, planning and good site management would minimize wastage of materials such as concrete, mortars and cement grouts. Construction wastes will be segregated as much as possible at site itself to increase the feasibility of recycling concrete and masonry as filling material and steel pieces as saleable scrap. Litter disposal and collection points will be established around the work sites. Empty packaging materials, drums, glass, tin, paper, plastic, pet bottles, wood, thermocol and other packaging materials, etc. will be disposed through recyclers (locally called kabadis). The construction spoils will be temporarily stored at designated dumpsite located inside the plant premises.

Operation Phase

 The soil of the area may get affected due to operational activities, if proper care is not taken. Degradation of soil quality due to settling of air borne dust

i) Changes in soil texture due to settling of air borne dust or due to wash off of solid particulates by surface or ground water. This will lead to change in porosity, permeability and other physical characteristics of soil of the area.

ii) Changes in soil chemistry due to addition of foreign material from polluted air and water due to unit activities in the area.

 Mitigation measures include : Efficient Air Pollution Control Equipment (APCE) like Bag House / Bag Filter / ESP is being / will be installed at all major stacks of cement plant to keep the emissions within 30 mg/Nm 3. Adequate stack height helps to control dust emissions. No waste water will be discharged outside the plant premises.

A horticulturist has been engaged who ensures soil quality improvement in the plant area, by adequate manuring and fertilizing. Therefore, no adverse impact on the soil quality of the area is anticipated.

Besides, soil samples are being collected and tested at regular intervals from the nearby areas. This helps in mitigation of any harmful impact on soil due to the project expansion activity, if any, and the same will be practiced after expansion also.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 129 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

4.7 ANTICIPATED IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

There are no direct or indirect evidence of presence of any major wildlife in the core and buffer areas of the project. There is no National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserves (existing as well as) in the study area; there are three Reserve Forest within 10 km of the plant area. Two Schedule- I species were recorded in the core and buffer zone of plant area during the biological survey; conservation plan for the same has been prepared.

There may be an impact on the biological environment of the area due to operation of cement plant, if proper care will not be taken: i) Particulate matter emissions from stack and fugitive emissions due to transportation activity & material handling may degrade the soil quality of surrounding environment that may affect the biodiversity of surrounding environment. Particulate matter emission may cause migration of wild animals and bird. Fugitive emissions (dust) may impact the terrestrial flora. The settlement of dust on the laminar surface of plants can impede the efficiency of photo-transduction and thereby, affect the productivity of plants. In some of the plant, it may also smother the leaf surface blocking stomata, resulting in reduced transpiration. ii) Increased noise level due to running of machinery may scare the wild fauna and force them to migrate to other areas.

The present running plant has no significant impact on surrounding ecology and biodiversity as following mitigative measures have been / will be adopted by UltraTech Cement Limited:  Scaling up the greenbelt development and plantation in and around the Plant site.  Use of water sprinkler on the haul road to control fugitive emissions in the surrounding environment.  Using paved roads for transportation to minimize fugitive emissions.  Transporting material in close truck and storing it under tarpaulin cover.  Transport vehicles and machinery will be properly maintained and periodically checked for pollution level to reduce noise and gaseous emission in the surrounding environment.

4.8 ANTICIPATED IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES Construction Phase  Anticipated Impacts  Impact of the expansion project will be beneficial as it will cause overall development of the area in respect of the infrastructure development, educational growth, health facilities etc.

 About 1000 nos. of people will get employment during the construction stage on daily

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 130 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

average basis. Local people will be given preference for employment on the basis of their skill and experience.  Expansion project will result in growth of the surrounding areas by increased direct and indirect employment opportunities in the region including ancillary development and supporting infrastructure.  Further, the project will also lead to the development of market, trade centers, activities etc. Operation Phase Project potential impacts on socio-economic environment are summarized below and categorized either as positive / beneficial or negative / adverse impacts.

Positive impacts  Employment Employment opportunities will be created by UltraTech Cement Limited during planning and preparation, construction and operational phases of the expansion project and it will provide a sustainable and safe working environment for workers.  Community Skills Development The employees will be benefited from the training programmes that are instituted by UltraTech Cement Limited to enable the community labour force to work in different areas of production.  Improved Standards of Living Employment opportunities created by the project will increase income and therefore improve the overall standards of living in the area.  Community Organizational Capacity Development Through engagement of community members in development structures such as Community Development Committees, the community organizational capacity will be developed.  Improved Water Supply Supply of safe water for the community by UltraTech Cement Limited will improve health standards and living conditions in the villages.  Economic Exposure and Development Implementation of the project will make financial institutions as well as related economic facilities, infrastructure and services available to the people. This will expose and introduce the local population to factors of economic development including the banking system, financial services, and credit and investment schemes.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 131 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

In order to maximize the project’s positive impacts during the construction phase, it is that local and national workers be used as much as possible and also, whenever possible, local companies to supply the construction materials, therefore stimulating the job market and the local economic activities.

Adverse Social Impacts

 Health Impacts The project has the potential for triggering health impacts through air pollutants from heavy vehicles, increased dust, creation of breeding grounds for disease vectors, population influx which might introduce new diseases in the area, and inadequate sanitation facilities.  Livelihood change Due to the labour intensity of the manufacturing sector, the project will attract the more able-bodied persons from the community which in turn will lead to low labor availability in other sectors of the economy including agricultural, education and health skilled workers. Local employment opportunities will be created by the project. This impact will not be significant due to low level of education and skills in the area which will result in sourcing skilled workforce from outside the immediate area. But the magnitude of this impact will be high due to high number of dependents in a household.

Mitigation Measures

 Mitigating Health Impacts

An awareness programme on health hazards can be implemented to safeguard the employees as well as the local population ‘s health. UltraTech Cement Limited should have a clinic for its employees and also provide assistance, in conjunction with government and NGOs, to the medical service for the villages. This way, the health issues can be monitored and addressed.

 Managing Loss of Livelihood and Income

To cushion the population against impacts of manufacturing unit closure, comprehensive retrenchment packages that include adequate advance warning to employees and contractors to allow them to source alternative opportunities should be undertaken.

4.9 ANTICIPATED IMPACT ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND MITIGATION MEASURES The cement manufacturing industry is labour intensive and uses large scale and potentially hazardous manufacturing processes. The industry experiences accident rates that are high compared with some other manufacturing industries. Cement industries experience risk of a

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 132 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

number of hazards inherent to the cement production process. Some examples of such hazards are:  Exposure to dust,  Exposure to high temperatures,  Noise exposure,  Physical hazards,  Chemical hazards and other industrial hygiene issues, and  Others These mainly impact on those working within the industry, although health hazards can also impact on local communities. Exposure to Dust Exposure to fine particulates is associated with work in most of the dust-generating stages of Cement Plant, but most notably from, raw material handling, and clinker / cement grinding. Workers with long term exposure to fine particulate dust are at risk of pneumoconiosis, emphysema, bronchitis, and fibrosis.

Methods to prevent and control exposure to dust include the following:  Control of dust through implementation of good housekeeping and maintenance;  Use of air–conditioned, closed cabins;  Use of dust extraction and recycling systems to remove dust from work areas, especially in grinding mills;  Use of PPE, as appropriate (e.g. masks and respirators) to address residual exposures following adoption of the above-referenced process and engineering controls.

Exposure to High Temperatures

The principal exposures to heat in this sector occur during Handling of hot raw meal (Powdered limestone, additives etc. is heated in a pre-heater cyclone), hot clinker and operation & maintenance of kilns or other hot equipment. Recommended prevention and control techniques include the following:

 Shielding surfaces where workers proximity and close contact with hot equipment is expected, using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), as needed (e.g. insulated gloves and shoes);  Minimizing the work time required in high temperature environments by implementing shorter shifts at these locations.

Noise and Vibration Exposure

Exhaust fans and grinding mills, kiln, compressors, and motors are the main sources of noise and vibrations in Cement Plant. Control of noise emissions will include the use of silencers for

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 133 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

ID fans, room enclosures for mill operators, noise barriers, and, if noise cannot be reduced to acceptable levels, personal hearing protection (ear plugs/muffs).

Physical hazards

Injuries during Project operation are typically related to slips, trips, and falls; contact with falling / moving objects; and lifting / over-exertion.

Other injuries may occur due to contact with, or capture in, moving machinery (e.g. dump trucks, front loaders, forklifts). Activities related to maintenance of equipments, including crushers, mills, mill separators, fans, coolers, and belt conveyors, represent a significant source of exposure to physical hazards. Such hazards may include the following:

 Falling / impact with objects;  Hot surface burns; and  Transportation  Contact with allergic substances.

Following management measures will be ensured to prevent the physical hazards in the plant:  Any person working on equipment with moving parts personally ensures the equipment is de-energized, isolated and locked/tagged out.  Any person working from a position with the potential risk for a fall from height uses fall protection.  Prescribed PPE has been provided to all workers exposed to open processes or systems.  In case of any accident immediate & proper medical care is being provided at the plant site.

High Risk Categories: Prevention: Contractors Contractor Safety Management Young/Temporary Employees Special Safety Induction Direct Causes Traffic and Mobile Plant Driver Training Safety Procedures for Work at Heights, Falls from Heights, Objects falling from Heights Overhead Protection Caught in Starting/Moving Equipment Plant Isolation Procedures

4.10 ANTICIPATED IMPACT DUE TO TRANSPORTATION OF RAW MATERIAL AND FINISHED PRODUCT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

UltraTech Cement Limited (Unit: Sewagram Cement Works) Plant at Kutch is well connected with NH-8A (adjacent to the plant boundary in West direction). Nearest Railway Station is

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 134 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Naliya Railway Station which is about approx. 28 km in SSE direction from the plant site. Nearest Airport is at Bhuj which is approx. 98 km in ESE direction from the plant site. Road facilities for the transportation of materials are already present near plant premises (as mentioned in the above paragraph). This is being used for inflow of raw material & finished product. Also, the existing road infrastructure is good enough to bear the increased traffic load. However, internal and nearby roads shall be maintained as and when needed to facilitate transportation. Fly ash is being / will be transported through closed bulkers; thus, no harmful effect is anticipated on the surrounding environment due to transportation of fly ash.

Existing Traffic Survey Traffic survey has been conducted for 24 hours at NH- 8A (Naliya - Narayan Sarovar Road) which is approximately adjacent from the plant site. The traffic survey monitoring was done in November, 2017 to predict the future traffic growth and the load on the plant road and surroundings due to the expansion project. Measurements of Traffic density were made continuously for 24 hours by visual observation and counting of vehicles under four categories, viz., heavy motor vehicles, light motor vehicles, two/four wheelers and others. Total numbers of vehicles per hour under the four categories were determined. The details of the traffic volume count have been provided in Table 4.11 given below: Table - 4.4 Traffic Volume Count Survey (NH - 8A) Type of vehicle Passenger Motor S. No. Time Car / Van / Total Cycle / Tractors Truck Bus Trailer Cycle Auto- vehicles Scooter rickshaw 1. 6:01 to 7:00 am 4 10 1 14 3 7 2 29 2. 7:01 to 8:00 am 8 12 0 10 2 3 1 26 3. 8:01 to 9:00 am 10 14 1 18 3 8 0 54 4. 9:01 to 10:00 am 17 13 2 27 4 7 3 67 5. 10:01 to 11:00 am 21 14 3 23 5 15 1 82 6. 11:00 to 12 noon 22 21 1 31 7 14 4 100 7. 12:01 to 1:00 pm 23 17 2 14 1 10 2 67 8. 1:01 to 2:00 pm 19 12 0 19 2 17 0 69 9. 2:01 to 3:00 pm 17 13 1 18 0 18 3 59 10. 3:01 to 4:00 pm 23 14 1 20 3 18 1 70 11. 4:01 to 5:00 pm 20 14 2 22 4 16 2 72

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 135 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Type of vehicle Passenger Motor S. No. Time Car / Van / Total Cycle / Tractors Truck Bus Trailer Cycle Auto- vehicles Scooter rickshaw 12. 5:01 to 6:00 pm 14 12 3 19 2 10 2 58 13. 6:01 to 7:00 pm 17 10 4 21 1 16 4 73 14. 7:01 to 8:00 pm 16 11 0 22 0 17 3 69 15. 8:01 to 9:00 pm 13 14 1 19 1 10 2 55 16. 9:01 to 10:00 pm 8 17 2 17 2 15 1 48 17. 10:01 to 11:00 pm 3 13 1 13 0 10 0 31 18. 11:01 to 12:00 pm 0 14 0 11 0 8 0 25 19. 12:01 to 1:00 am 0 13 0 10 0 15 0 13 20. 1:01 to 2:00 am 0 9 0 14 0 10 0 10 21. 2:01 to 3:00 am 0 7 0 8 0 7 0 7 22. 3:01 to 4:00 am 0 5 0 7 0 8 0 5 23. 4:01 to 5:00 am 0 7 0 15 0 10 0 7 24. 5:01 to 6:00 am 5 4 0 11 2 8 0 21 Grand total 260 290 25 403 42 277 31 1117

Figure 4.4: Traffic Volume Count

Conclusion Figure 4.4 clearly shows that Trucks (30%), Passenger Car / Van / Auto-rickshaw (22%), Trailers (21%) and Motor Cycle / Scooter (20%) runs mainly on NH -8A followed by Buses (3%).

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 136 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Table - 4.5 Traffic Volume Count: NH - 8A

S. No. Type of Vehicle No. of vehicles / day 1. Motor Cycle / Scooter 260 2. Passenger Car / Van / Auto-rickshaw 290 3. Tractors 25 4. Truck 403 5. Bus 42 6. Trailer 277 7. Cycle 31 Total 1328 Source: Survey

No. of Vehicles with respect to PCU

Number of Vehicles Passenger Car Unit Total Number of S. No. Vehicle Type / day (PCU) Factor Vehicle (PCU) / day 1. Motor Cycle / Scooter 260 0.5 130 2. Passenger Car / Van / Auto-rickshaw 290 1.0 290 3. Tractors 25 1.5 37.5 4. Truck 403 3.0 1209 4. Bus 42 3.0 126 5. Trailer 277 4.5 1246.5 6. Cycle 31 0.5 15.5 Total 1328 - 3054.5 PCU / hr = (PCU / day) / 24 127.27

Existing Traffic Scenario and LOS (Level of Service)

V C Existing V/C Road LOS (Volume in PCU/hr.) (Capacity in PCU/hr.) Ratio NH - 8A 127.27 625 0.21 B

Capacity as per IRC: 64-1990

V/C LOS (Level of Service) Performance 0.0 - 0.2 A Excellent 0.2 - 0.4 B Very Good 0.4 - 0.6 C Good / Average / Fair 0.6 - 0.8 D Poor 0.8 - 1.0 E Very Poor

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 137 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Additional Traffic due to Expansion Project Both raw and finished materials will be transported by road. Due to expansion project, there will be additional trucks to the existing traffic volume. Adequate parking facilities will be provided to accommodate additional trucks within the plant premises. Additional Traffic during operation of the plant due to raw material and finished products transportation has been given in Table - 4.6

Table - 4.6 Inward Traffic due to the Raw Material Transportation

Total Required Type of Number of S. No. Material Quantity Source / Destination Vehicle & Trucks / Day MTPA TPD Capacity (approx.) Captive Limestone Truck / 30 1. Limestone 6.4 19393 646 Mines Tonnes Ashapura China Clay Truck / 30 2. Clay 0.54 1636 Mines / Captive Clay Tonnes 54 Mine Captive Baranda Truck / 30 3. Laterite 0.27 818 27 Laterite Mine Tonnes South African Coal - Truck / 30 4. Coal 0.32 969 32 Adani Port Tonnes Total 759

* All the Calculations are done on the basis of considering 330 working days

Total No. of increased trucks / tankers per Day (inward) = 759 Increase in PCU / Day. = 759 x 3 = 2277

Modified Traffic Scenario and LOS (Level of Service)

Increased PCU / V (Volume in C (Capacity in Existing V/C S. No. Road LOS hr. PCU/hr.) PCU/hr.) Ratio 91.89 + 94.87 = 1. NH - 8A 2277/24 = 90.87 625 0.29 B 186.76

Traffic Projection & Impact due to Transportation: Due to the proposed expansion project, there will be addition of Heavy and Light motor vehicles in the existing traffic. The LOS value is “ Good / Average ” for NH-8A; Thus, it can be concluded that the present road network is good enough to bear the increased traffic load. However, internal and nearby roads will be maintained as and when needed to facilitate transportation. Besides this, UltraTech Cement Limited is being / will take all appropriate measures to reduce the impact of transportation. Proper mitigation measures will be adopted by UltraTech M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 138 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Cement Limited to minimize traffic flow to the best possible extent resulting in low level of dust, noise and gaseous emissions.

Anticipated Impacts  Increase in traffic density will lead to air pollution.  Movement of vehicles will cause noise pollution.  No direct impact is envisaged on the flora and fauna of the area.  Increased traffic may cause accidental incidences and public health problems.

Mitigation Measures  Vehicles with PUC Certificate will be hired.  Vehicles will be covered with a tarpaulin and not over loaded.  Un- necessary blowing of horn will be avoided.  Roads will be maintained in good condition to reduce noise due to traffic.  Greenbelt of appropriate quality and width will be developed.  To avoid accidents, the speed of vehicles will be low near habitation areas.

4.11 Impact due to Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation

No solid waste is being / will be generated from the cement manufacturing process. Dust collected from air pollution control equipment is being / will be totally recycled in process. Sludge from Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is being / will be used as manure for greenbelt development / plantation. Fly ash generated from captive power plant is being / will be utilized in cement manufacturing process. No hazardous waste is being / will be generated except the used oil which is being / will be collected in drums, temporarily stored at earmarked place and is being / will be sold to the authorized CPCB recyclers.

4.12 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The environmental impact evaluation of possible effects as a result of plant site activities and operation on various environmental parameters is primarily based on careful study of Cement Plant, Unit operations, surrounding environment etc. For various expansion project activities, effective ‘Control Technology’ has been suggested with a view to mitigate the adverse impact of unit operation on environmental parameters. The summary of anticipated adverse environmental impacts and mitigation measures are given in Table - 4.7.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 139 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Table - 4.7 Anticipated Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Discipline Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Construction Phase ∗ Sprinkling of water in the construction area and Increase in dust and NO x on unpaved roads Air concentration due to Leveling activity ∗ Proper maintenance of vehicles will be done. Use and Heavy vehicular movement of vehicles meeting PUC norms ∗ Equipment will be kept in good condition to keep Increase in noise level due to the noise level within 90 dB(A) Noise Construction Equipment ∗ Workers will be provided necessary protective equipments e.g. ear plugs, earmuffs Increase in suspended solids due to ∗ Adequate drainage system for runoff water Water soil run-off during heavy precipitation during construction phase due to Loose soil at construction site Operation Phase ∗ Better maintenance and installation of pollution control equipment like ESP / Bag House / Bag Filters ∗ Covered storage facilities for raw material and Increase in concentration of product Air Particulate Matter Emissions ∗ All the roads inside the plant premises will be concreted ∗ Water sprinkling to reduce the PM emission level ∗ CPCB and CREP guidelines are being / will be followed

Increase in NO 2 emissions ∗ Low NO 2 burners ∗ Equipment to be installed is designed to conform to occupational noise levels prescribed by regulatory agencies ∗ Earmuffs/ Earplugs will be provided to persons Increase in noise level within the plant Noise working in high noise zone area ∗ Properly insulated enclosures are being / will be provided to equipments making excessive noise ∗ Greenbelt development/ plantation will help in attenuating noise ∗ Domestic wastewater generated from plant and colony is being / will be treated in STP and treated water is being / will be utilized for greenbelt Water Generation of waste water development / plantation. ∗ RO reject water (DM Plant) will be used for dust suppression.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 140 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 4 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

∗ Use of efficient pollution control systems Degradation of soil quality due to ∗ Maintained proper stack height Soil settling of air borne dust ∗ Soil samples are being/ will be collected periodically and soil quality is being/ will be tested Biological Environment Positive as greenbelt of appropriate a. Terrestrial width has been developed and - Ecology maintained by UltraTech Cement Limited in the area No impact as no effluent is being / will b. Aquatic be discharged outside the plant - Ecology premises Overall development of the area in Socio-economic respect of the infrastructure - Environment development, educational growth, health facilities etc.

Considering all the above, it may be observed that the expansion project will remain an eco- friendly, which will produce very negligible dust emission and have no effluent discharge.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 141 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 5 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

CHAPTER - 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY AND SITE)

5.1 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES As per EIA Notification dated 14 th Sept., 2006, as amended from time to time; the Chapter on “Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)” is applicable only, if the same is recommended at the Scoping stage. As per the ToR points issued by MoEFCC, New Delhi vide letter no. J-11011/398/2007-IA II (I) dated 05 th Aug., 2015 and validity extended vide letter dated 16 th August, 2018 for the expansion project, the Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site) is not required. The existing technology used by M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. (UTCL) for manufacturing of cement is one of the best and proven technologies; hence, no alternative technology has been analyzed. Since, the expansion project proposed by M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. (Unit: Sewagram Cement Works) at Village - Vayor, Taluka - Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) will be done within the existing plant premises, hence; no alternative site is considered for the expansion activity.

5.1.1 Justification for Selection of Site

Proposed expansion will be done within the existing plant premises. The site for the existing plant was finalized considering the ideal location for the industries. Following factors were considered while selecting the site:  Availability of suitable source of raw material (Limestone). The raw material here is of high grade quality.  The plant site is adjacent to the captive mines; therefore, there will be no raw material transportation.  Nearness to NH - 8 A (Adjacent) which makes it easier to transport raw materials & final product at market.  The site should ideally have ample flat/ slightly undulating land for accommodating plant and related facilities.  Availability of reliable power supply.  Site is away from densely populated areas.  There is no National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserve within 10 km radius of study area.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 142 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works)

Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant ( 4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 6 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

CHAPTER - 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1 INTRODUCTION Post-Project Monitoring is an essential part to check the impact of project related activities. Hence, monitoring of various environmental parameters will be carried out on a regular basis to ascertain the following:  Status of Pollution within the plant site and in its vicinity  Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution  Examine the efficiency of pollution control system adopted at the site  To assess environmental impacts.

Monitoring will be carried out at the site as per the norms of CPCB. Environmental Monitoring Programme will be conducted for various environmental components as per the conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance Letter issued by MoEFCC, New Delhi and Consent to Establish / Consent to Operate issued by GPCB. Six monthly compliance reports are being / will be submitted on regular basis to RO, MoEFCC, Bhopal by 1 st of June and 1 st of December. Quarterly compliance Report for conditions stipulated in CTO is being / will be submitted to GPCB on regular basis. Various environmental components and pollution sources, which are being / will be monitored under environmental monitoring programme are stack emission, ambient air quality, water quality and noise levels. Details of the Environmental Monitoring programme, which are being / will be undertaken for various environmental components, are detailed below.

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL (EMC) In order to maintain the environmental quality within the standards, regular monitoring of various environmental components is necessary. M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. (Unit: Sewagram Cement Works) has a full-fledged Environmental Management Cell (EMC) for environmental monitoring and management. The EMC team takes care of pollution monitoring aspects and implementation of control measures. A group of qualified and efficient engineers with technicians have been deputed for maintenance, up keeping and monitoring of the pollution control equipments, to keep them in working at the best of their efficiencies.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. 143 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant ( 4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 6 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

6.2.1 Structure of EMC Structure of Environment Management Cell at M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. (Unit: Sewagram Cement Works) is given in Figure 6.1.

Unit Head

Functional Head - Technical

HOD - Quality & Environment

Sectional Head - Environment

Asst. Officer - Environment Supervisor - Environment

Figure 6.1: Structure of EMC

6.2.2 Responsibilities of EMC The responsibilities of the EMC include the following:  Environmental monitoring of the surrounding area.  Timely commissioning of pollution control equipment and facilities.  Specification and regulation of maintenance schedules for pollution control equipment.  Ensuring that standards are maintained.  Developing the greenbelt.  Ensuring optimum water usage.  Carrying out the Environmental Management Plan.  Organizing meetings of the Environmental Management Committee and preparation of report and submission of such reports to management.

6.3 MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGIES 6.3.1 Instruments to be used The following instruments are / will be used for data collection work in the monitoring Schedule:  Weather Monitoring Station  Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS)

M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. 144 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant ( 4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 6 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

 Fine Particulate Sampler (FPS)  Stack Monitoring Kit  Sound Level Meter  Water Level Indicator  Global Positioning System (GPS)

6.3.2 Monitoring Programme The Post-Project monitoring is being / will include details of any major/ minor impact in the core zone and area within buffer zone for the following parameters:  Micro-meteorological data  Ambient air quality monitoring  Stack monitoring  Noise level monitoring  Water quality and level monitoring  Medical Check-up of the employees

6.3.3 Monitoring Schedule Details of the environmental monitoring schedule / frequency, which is being / will be undertaken for various environmental components, as per conditions of EC / CTE / CTO are given in Table - 6.1. Table - 6.1 Frequency for Post-Project Monitoring

S. No. Description Frequency of Monitoring 1. Meteorological Data Hourly 2. Ambient Air Quality Twice a Week & Continuous Online Monitoring 3. Stack Monitoring Monthly & Continuous Online Monitoring 4. Water Quality Quarterly & as per EC / CTO 5. Noise Level Monitoring Quarterly & as per EC / CTO 6. Medical Checkup of Employee Yearly

6.3.4 Locations of Monitoring Stations The location of the monitoring stations will be selected on the basis of prevailing micro- meteorological conditions of the area like Wind direction and Wind speed, Relative Humidity, Temperature.

Four AAQM stations will be selected (including minimum 1 location in upwind side, more sites in downwind side / impact zone) to assess ambient air quality of the area. Noise level monitoring will be carried out on plant boundary and in high noise generating area within the plant site.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. 145 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant ( 4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 6 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Water sampling locations will be decided on the basis of general slope of the area and drainage pattern. Locations for the post-project monitoring are given in Table - 6.2: Table - 6.2 Locations for Post-Project Monitoring

S. No. Description Location 1. Meteorological data Plant Site Plant Site, Villages in upwind & downwind direction 2. Ambient Air Quality from the Plant site and as per EC / CTO conditions 3. Stack emissions Plant Site 4. Water Level and Quality Nearby Ground water sources and as per CTO conditions Plant Boundary, High noise generating areas within the 5. Noise Level Monitoring Plant boundary and as per CTO conditions 6. Health Check-up Dispensary

6.3.5 Methodology Adopted Post-Project monitoring will be carried out as per conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance Letter issued by MoEFCC, New Delhi; Consent issued by GPCB as-well-as according to CPCB guidelines.

Plant site is considered as core zone and the area lying within 10 km radius from the plant site is considered to be the buffer zone where slight impacts may be observed on physical and biological environment and that too is occasional.

Details of Post Project Monitoring Programme are given in Table - 6.3.

Table - 6.3 Post Project Monitoring Sampling Measurement Attributes Test Procedure Network Frequency Method A. Air Environment Meteorological • Wind speed

• Wind direction Minimum Regularly in one • Dry bulb Mechanical/ 1 site season by temperature automatic weather - in the project Weather • Wet bulb station impact area Monitoring temperature Station • Relative humidity • Rainfall Pollutants 4 locations in Revised National Gravimetric - • PM 10 & PM 2.5 the project Ambient Air method impact area Quality Standards EPA Modified West Absorption in Potassium • SO 2 (1 location in (NAAQS) vide & Geake method Tetra Chloromercurate

M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. 146 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant ( 4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 6 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Sampling Measurement Attributes Test Procedure Network Frequency Method upwind side, 1 MoEFCC circular, followed by Colorimetric in downwind dated 16.11.2009 estimation using P- side / impact Rosaniline hydrochloride zone, other and Formaldehyde (IS: nearby 5182 Part - II). receptors) Absorption in dill NaOH and then estimated colorimetrically with Arsenite modified sulphanilamide and N (I- • NO 2 Jacob & Nepthyle) Ethylene Hochheiser diamine Dihydrochloride and Hydrogen Peroxide (CPCB Method). Non-Dispersive • CO Infra-Red (NDIR) - Spectroscopy B. Stack Monitoring As per CPCB Guide Pollutant 4 locations in Line and Indian As Per CPCB Guide Gravimetric method PM the project Standard 11255 Line impact area (1985). 2 As Per IS-11255 part Absorption in H O2, 4 locations in As per CPCB Guide (2) 1985 Isopropanol followed by the project Line and Indian (Absorbing Colorimetric estimation SO 2 2 impact area Standard 11255 Solution of H O2, using Sulphuric acid and (1985). Isopropanol Barium Chloride as Per Reagent) IS-11255 part (2) 1985 Absorption of Sample in NOx flask assembly 4 locations in As per CPCB Guide As Per IS-11255 part Followed by Colorimetric the project Line and Indian NO 2 (7) 2005 with NOx estimation using Phenol- impact area Standard 11255 flask assembly. di-sulphonic acid and (1985). other reagent as Per IS- 11255 part (7) 2005 C. Water Environment pH, Turbidity, Colour, Samples for water Set of grab Odour, Taste, TDS, quality should be samples during Total Hardness, collected and analyzed pre - & post- Calcium hardness, as per: IS: 2488 (Part 1-5) monsoon for Diurnal and Magnesium hardness, As per IS 10500- methods for sampling ground and Season wise Chloride, Fluoride, and testing of Industrial surface water Sulphate, Nitrates, effluents. for 10 km Alkalinity, Iron, Standard methods for distance Copper, Manganese examination of water

M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. 147 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant ( 4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 6 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Sampling Measurement Attributes Test Procedure Network Frequency Method and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association. D. Noise Project Boundary, High Noise levels at Day & noise Quarterly / Half As per CPCB norms As per CPCB norms night time -Leq dB (A) generating yearly areas within the core zone

6.4 DATA ANALYSIS Monitoring data analysis will be done by MoEFCC approved laboratory as per CPCB guidelines & timely submitted to concerned authority (specified in Environment Clearance Letter issued by MoEFCC, New Delhi and Consent issued by GPCB) on regular basis.

6.5 DETAILED BUDGET The budget proposed for the project and that for the environmental protection measures is given as below:  Capital Cost for the Expansion Project: Rs. 3500 Crores (Phase I - Rs. 2000 & Phase II - Rs. 1500)  Cost for Environmental Protection Measures:  Capital Cost: Rs. 150 Crores  Recurring Cost: Rs. 15 Crores/ annum

EMP Cost Break-up is given in Table - 6.4 below: Table - 6.4 Cost Break up of EMP (In Rs. Crores)

Particular Capital Cost Recurring Cost / annum

Air Pollution Control 144 12.5 Water Pollution Control and Rain Water 1.5 0.35 Harvesting Measures Greenbelt Development 1.0 0.50 Environment Monitoring and management 3.5 1.65 Total 150 15

M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. 148 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

CHAPTER - 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 INTRODUCTION As per EIA Notification dated 14 th Sept, 2006, and its subsequent amendments; First Technical Presentation (for ToR approval) for the expansion project was held before EAC (I) on 27 th March, 2015.

As per the ToR letter issued by MoEFCC, New Delhi vide its letter no. 11011/398/2007-IA II (I) dated 5 th Aug., 2015 and validity extended vide letter dated 16 th August, 2018; following Additional Studies are required to be carried out for the expansion project: 1. Public Consultation 2. Hydro-geological Study and Rainwater Harvesting Plan 3. Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan

7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION Public hearing is yet to be conducted for the expansion project.

7.3 HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL STUDY AND RAINWATER HARVESTING PLAN 7.3.1 Investigation Methodology . Understanding of project proposal through existing information in the form of pre- feasibility report, draft project report and other project’s rationale. . Preliminary review of background information about study area through analysis of published documents/reports/topographic maps/geological maps or site specific technical reports. . Topographic studies of proposed plant site with the help of primary & secondary data, GPS survey in order to determine elevation, gradient, physical/terrain features for ground truthing . Detailed survey in core and buffer zone including geology, types of aquifers governing the groundwater regime of the area, depth to water level, seasonal changes along with groundwater quality, groundwater abstraction structures, discharge and other details, surface water features including surface water bodies and drainage pattern. . Secondary data collection i.e. climate, rainfall, soil, topography, geological set-up, drainage, cropping pattern etc. From authentic sources (PHED, Agriculture/Irrigation department, Central Ground Water Board, Geological survey of India).

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 149 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

. Groundwater resources evaluation based on the norms recommended by Groundwater Estimation Committee (GEC), 2009, integration of all available data and hydro-geological interpretations. . Evaluation of present scenario, assessment of potential developmental impacts on water resources and future course of action for protecting the natural environment . Mitigation plan including rainwater harvesting/artificial groundwater recharge based on rainfall intensity and recharge capacity of aquifers, design considerations if any. . Scope of Rainwater Harvesting from runoff generated in cement plant area depending upon average annual rainfall and its intensity, characteristics of the aquifers and the designs were made accordingly. 7.3.2 Objectives . To analyze physiographic conditions of the study area with the help of field observations, GPS readings, Survey of lndia (SOI) toposheets and Satellite images . To observe hydrogeological conditions and study of aquifer system of the area i.e. in Core and 10 km Buffer Zone . To work out quantitative as well as qualitative variations in groundwater with respect to aerial extent and to find out water balance . To observe surface water features and their impact on groundwater balance . To ascertain the impact of proposed cement project on groundwater conditions of the surrounding area . To work out scope of Rainwater harvesting within the cement project and design suitable recharge system to the extent possible within the plant area . To suggest ways and means of creating artificial recharge to negate adverse impact on groundwater regime and their impact on ground water regime of the area . To prepare detailed Hydro-geological report.

7.3.3 Topography, Soil and Drainage Topography The topography of the area around plant site is sloping towards coastal land. Geomorphology of the area is almost plain to rugged and the minor basins which are prevailing in the investigation area are Ber, Rakhodi and Barkhan. These are seasonal in nature and remain dry for most part of the year except during monsoon season.

Drainage Regionally area forms a vast featureless plain having a gentle slope towards the sea with a thin strip of marshy low land along the coast. In the north central and eastern halves of the area, the Deccan traps form undulating plateau. The ephemeral rivers Kali Nadi, Khari Nadi,

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 150 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Miti Nadi, Satwari Nadi and Niara River and their tributaries drain the area. The main direction of flow is towards south-west, except for the system of Kali Nadi which flows north-west towards Kori Creek.

7.3.4 Climate and Rainfall The area experiences a semi-arid steppe climate with very hot summer and cold winter. The average temperature for Bhuj is 26.1°C (79.0°F). The warmest month, on an average, is May with an average temperature of 31.7°C (89.0°F). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 18.3°C (65° F). The highest recorded temperature in Bhuj is 47.8°C (118.0°F), which was recorded in May. The lowest recorded temperature in Bhuj is 1.1°C (34.0°F), which was recorded in February. The rainfall in the area is scanty (below normal to normal) and generally confined to the south-west monsoon months from June to September. The long term average rainfall (from 1982 to 2011) is 378 mm. It only rains a few days per year (15 days on average). The annual average rainfall of last fourteen years (2004-2017) is coming around 473 mm with minimum of 253 mm in 2012 and maximum of 888 mm in 2010 ( Table 7.1 ). However, the long term average rainfall (378 mm) has been taken into consideration for the study area. Table 7.1: Rainfall Statistics of District Kutch S. No. Year Rainfall (mm) 1 2004 300 2 2005 387 3 2006 561 4 2007 564 5 2008 314 6 2009 498 7 2010 888 8 2011 642 9 2012 253 10 2013 652 11 2014 291 12 2015 484 13 2016 293 14 2017 493 Source: India Meteorological Department

7.3.5 Geology of the Area Regional Geology Sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Jurassic to Eocene age cover Kutch region. These sediments have a zone of Deccan trap volcanics sandwiched between Jurassic rocks of the northern part and Eocene sedimentaries in the south towards the coast. Limestones, shales and sandstones are the most common rocks.

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Both Eocene and Jurassic rocks are fossiliferous. The Eocene rocks are exposed along the southern fringe of the Kutch peninsula as a thin band bounded by Deccan traps on the north. The northern part of the Kutch peninsula is covered by Recent marine deposits on which Jurassic rocks form outcrops. The coastal areas have thick alluvial and marine sediments of recent origin.

Sedimentary rocks of this region are generally well indurated and behave like hard rocks. The pore spaces are mostly cemented with calcium carbonate and therefore are mostly impervious. The Deccan Traps are exposed along the southern part of the Kutch peninsula.

The stratigraphic succession in this area according to Geological Survey of India (GSI) is as under: - Rock Types/ Horizons Age/ Group/ Series Rann and Blown Sand Pleistocene to Recent Upper Tertiary (Siwalik Series) Miocene to Pliocene Argillaceous beds Gaj Arenaceous beds Oligocene to Miocene Nummulitic Limestone & Marls Kirthar to Lower Nari Gypsums, shales and clays Laki Laterite and lateritic clays Ranikot ------Unconformities ------Deccan Trap Upper Cretaceous Intrusives Tertiary ------Unconformities ------Bhuj Series Middle Cretaceous

7.3.5.1 Local Geology Area applied for mine lease consists of nummulitic group and Khari Nadi formation. The nummulitic group is further sub-divided into crescent shaped Fulra and Maniyara Fort formations. Fulra Formation: It is represented by 36 m thick sequence, cream to dirty white thickly bedded argillaceous foraminiferal limestone with minor shales and clay. Middle Eocene age has been assigned to this formation on the basis of lithological assemblage and fossil content. Maniyara Fort Formation: This formation disconformably overlain the Fulra formation, about 33 m thick sequence comprising of glauconitic siltstone and shale, calcareous and gypseous clay/shale, marine and green to white thickly bedded fossiliferous limestone (nodular, coralline and foraminiferal). Important fossils include nummulites, Corals, Gastropods, Echinoids and bone fossils of Crocodila Sirenia and variety of shark teeth. This formation considered to be deposited during middle to upper Oligocene period. Khari Nadi Formation: It overlies Maniyara fort formation representing about 44 m thick

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succession of variegated siltstone, grey to brownish green shale and clay, micaceous siltstone with fossiliferrous marine bands. Important fossils include Myogypsina complanata, Myogypsina dehartii, Turritella, Proboscedian tusks and Crocodilian bones etc. Upper Oligocene to lower Miocene age has been assigned based on fossil findings. The limestone deposit of Harudi-Kharai is highly fossiliferous and is overlain by calcareous/ arenaceous clay horizon (locally known as Upper Clay-UC). T The limestone is generally light grey in colour with a yellowish tinge especially when exposed in the surface and along the river/ nala cuttings. The high grade limestone (HGL) which immediately underlies the Upper Clay (UC) is generally free from any intercalations. The Marginal Grade Limestone (MGL), the Low Grade Limestone (LGL) and the Magnesian Limestone (MGLST) have brownish tinges within them. The limestone horizon is also underlain by a clay horizon which is greenish grey in color and is Gypseous in nature (locally termed as Lower Clay-LC). A generalized lithological succession of the area under consideration is as follows:

Soil and Talus

Upper Clay

High Grade Limestone (HGL)

Marginal Grade Limestone (MGL)

Low Grade Limestone (LGL)

Magnesian Limestone (MGLST)

Lower Clay (LC)

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Figure 7.1: Geological Formations in and around 10 km Buffer of Sewagram Cement Plant, Kutch

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 154 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

7.3.6 Hydrogeology of the Area The district is having varied hydro-geological characteristics due to which ground water potential differs from region to region. The quantity and quality of groundwater occurring in the area are highly variable due to the rapid variations in the lithology of the marine sedimentaries. While the predominantly arenaceous deposits of the Bhuj series form good aquifers, the Tertiary formations which are mostly argillaceous and calcareous form very poor water-bearing strata. However, the uppermost member of the Tertiary formations, namely the Manchhar series which has considerable thickness of sandstones and conglomerates provide good aquifers (Table 7.2). Table 7.2 Sequence, thickness lithology and water bearing characteristics of the various geological formations in parts of Abdasa and Lakhpat Taluks, Kutch District, Gujarat Geological Age Formation Thickness (m) Lithology Water Bearing Properties Recent and Windblown Less than 3 m Unconsolidated sand, silt and Water table is generally Sub-recent sands loam below the formation Pliocene Manchar 550 m Semi-consolidated, fine to Yields moderate to large Series medium grained current quantities of potable to bedded sandstone, brackish water. Water is conglomerates, Mottled clays, highly brackish near the pink and yellow limestones coast. Oligocene- Nari and Gaj 640 m Mostly argillaceous Yield very little quantities of Miocene Series formations composed of brackish to saline water to mottled clays and variegated wells. The quality of water is shales with thin beds of fine potable in the wells located grained clayey sandstones near the streams course or and shell limestones. in the Vicinity of surface tanks. Middle Eocene Lakhi Series 160 m Red and mottled clays Yields very little quantities gypsiferous, pyritiferous & of brackish to saline water carbonaceous shales with thin to dug, wells. Groundwater seams of lignite and pockets occurs in confined of unconsolidated fine- Conditions also. The grained sand beds at the confined aquifer is capable bottom of the series of yielding large quantities of water but the water is highly saline, Upper Deccan traps 230 m Black massive basaltic lava Yields small to moderate Cretaceous flows with well-developed quantities of potable water columnar joints to large diameter dug wells Lower Bhuj series > 500m Medium to coarse grained Yield moderate to abundant cretaceous current bedded, friable supplies of potable to sandstones with thin beds on slightly brackish water to buff and grey shales. wells.

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Bhuj Series: This series mainly constituted by thick sandstone is highly porous and permeable. Large scale development of groundwater is affected in this series elsewhere in Kutch district. The depth to water level in the dug wells varies from 2.65 m to 17.75 m below ground level. The yield of the dug wells ranges from 10,000 to 14,000 lpd and the quality of water is generally potable. Deccan Traps: Due to highly compact and massive nature, the traps generally do not yield much water. The occurrence of groundwater is confined to the joints and fissures. Large diameter dug wells can be put down in topographic lows and depressions to meet the domestic requirements. The depth to water level is shallow, ranging from 1.9 m to 3.2 m below ground level. Laki Series: Due to the preponderance of gypsiferous, pyritiferous and carbonaceous clays and shales the quality of groundwater is highly saline. However, the water is highly saline, the chloride content is as high as 3,070 ppm and therefore unsuitable for domestic or irrigation purposes. Kirthar Series : The nummulitic limestone and calcareous shales that constitute this series are poor aquifers, and generally yield brackish water. The dug wells which are located in the Nullah beds yield potable water. The depth to water level varies from 4.3 m to 7.25 m. Nari and Gaj Series: These series which are grouped together as argillaceous group are devoid of good water bearing strata. The dug wells are generally located near the nullah courses or in the vicinity of tanks. The yields of wells are poor and hardly sufficient for domestic use. Depth to water level varies from 2.4 m to 10.25 m. The quality of water is highly variable and ranges from potable to brackish. (Plant Area) Manchhar Series: These rocks occupy almost entire southern part of Abdasa taluk covering an area of about 1100 km2. There are a number of sandstone beds inter-stratified with shales and shell limestone. These sandstones form good water-bearing material and are tapped by dug wells. The depth to water level varies from 4 m to 28 m bgl.

7.3.7 Ground Water Table Monitoring

Groundwater in the area occurs under water table conditions and is transmitted through the pore spaces and interstitial openings. The limestone is being argillaceous, fossil ferrous and with clay intercalations having very low hydraulic conductivity. Calcareous, micaceous siltstone also has very low hydraulic conductivity and yield from these formations is generally poor and limited. Water potential of the phreatic zone is quite limited due to scanty rainfall in the area and low infiltration capacity of the exposed formation. Less permeable surface strata composed of clay/shale and clayey limestone retards direct download percolation of water.

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Groundwater level monitoring has been done in about 22 villages/locations within buffer zone from existing dug wells and bore wells. Almost 20 open wells and 10 bore wells were taken into account for depth to water level data. Elevation of the sampling sites was ranging between 7 m to 113 m amsl. Depth to water table at different places in buffer zone was found to vary between 1.83 m to 37.7 m bgl indicating water table to be deep at certain places. Overflowing wells have also been observed a few locations. Groundwater contour map based on depth to water table data observed in buffer zone has been represented in Table 7.2 and Figure 7.1 . The water table contour map shows that the water level is increasing towards north eastern side in most of the buffer zone. Groundwater flow direction is from north-east to south-west direction in major part of the buffer zone. Flowing wells have been observed at Aida, Chaupadi Moti and Valsara villages in such a water scarce zone. To find out the basic phenomena and recharge source of these overflowing wells, elevation profile of the area has been investigated. The schematic diagram depicting the presence of flowing wells is shown in Figure 7.3-A and 7.3-B. As it is clear from these figures that the piezometric surface is intersecting the ground at these points, the puncturing of aquifer through bore well has caused the overflow of water at these sites. At Valsara village, near surface water table has been observed due to sudden drop in ground surface/elevation and the water table has come very close to surface at this location ( Figure 7.3-C). Depth to water table as observed from groundwater level monitoring is found to vary between 7.5 to 16.5 m bgl or more in and around cement plant area. A very clear pattern has been observed when the same has been interpolated with respect to mean sea level, showing increasing depth to water table from south and south west to north and north east.

Table 7.3: Locations and Details of Groundwater Table Monitoring Water Level Elevation Water Level Site Details Source (m bgl) (m) (m amsl) Piezometer (Mine pit 1) 13.8 75 Piezometer 61.2 Piezometer (Mine Boundary) 8.4 49 Piezometer 40.6 Vayor 8.8 43 Open Well 34.2 Ukeer 7.4 40 Open Well 32.6 Karmatha 6.8 15 Open Well 8.2 Vayor 16.1 36 Bore Well 20.0 Vayor 16.3 38 Bore Well 21.7 Vayor 16.5 39 Open Well 22.5 Jadwa 10.6 64 Bore Well 53.4 Rohara 15.2 31 Bore Well 15.8 Pipra 1.8 10 Open Well 8.2

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Baranda 4.2 77 Open Well 72.9 Modiya 6.1 58 Open Well 51.9 Chamra 6.3 70 Open Well 63.8 Khadak 3.8 79 Open Well 75.3 Saran Nani 37.7 113 Bore Well 75.3 Vagapaddar 5.4 67 Open Well 61.6 Fullay 11.7 43 Bore Well 31.3 Valsara 0.1 40 Overflowing Well 39.9 Valsara 2.3 36 Open Well 33.7 Aida 0.1 26 Overflowing Well 25.9 Aida 6.6 24 Open Well 17.4 Aida 8.4 24 Open Well 15.6 Chaupadi Moti 5.2 15 Bore Well 9.8 Chaupadi Moti 0.1 15 Overflowing Well 14.9 Ber Nani 3.7 19 Open Well 15.3 Ber Nani 6.4 24 Bore Well 17.6 Navavas 4.9 9 Open Well 4.2 Akri 5.3 7 Open Well 1.8 Mohadi 4.1 7.2 Open Well 3.1 Laxmi Rani 3.8 53 Open Well 49.2

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 158 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Figure 7.2: Water Table Pattern (Above Mean Sea Level) in Buffer Zone of Sewagram Cement Works, Kutch, Gujarat

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 159 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Figure 7.3-A: Location of Flowing Bore well at Village Aida and its Possible Explanation

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 160 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Figure 7.3-B: Location of Flowing Bore well at Village Chaupadi Moti and its Possible Explanation

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 161 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Figure 7.3-C: Location of Flowing Open Well at Village Valsara and its Possible Explanation

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 162 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

7.3.8 Ground Water Quality Groundwater quality of phreatic aquifer of buffer zone is varying between potable to brackish. Shallow wells constructed downstream of anicuts/weirs or located near the nallah courses or in the vicinity of tanks generally get potable quality of water with less concentration of dissolved salts. Primary sources of potable water in the area are mainly bore wells and dug wells and the Narmada pipe water supply (a massive water supply project in Kutch by Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board and Gujarat Water Infrastructure Ltd.). Groundwater samples were collected from the available water resources around the cement plant area. The samples were collected and tested from seven different sites from representative open dug wells and bore wells. 7.3.9 DYNAMIC GROUNDWATER RESOURCES Dynamic groundwater is that amount of water, which is found in the natural zone of

fluctuation in an aquifer due to ground water recharge. Total Ground Water Recharge (R t) of the area can be estimated by assessing the various component of the following equation.

Rt = Rr + R s+ R i + S r +R c

Where

Rr = Recharge from Rainfall

Rs = Recharge from irrigation due to surface water

Ri = Recharge from irrigation due to ground water

Sr = Recharge through surface water bodies

Rc = Recharge to confined aquifer

7.3.10 GROUND WATER RESOURCES IN THE CORE ZONE The investigated plant area covers 699.85 ha (6.9985 sq.km.). The main source of groundwater recharge is recharge due to rainfall by direct percolation.

7.3.10.1 RECHARGE DUE TO RAINFALL (a) By Groundwater Table Fluctuation Method In the core zone, dominant geological formations are limestone and shale with calcareous siltstone (Maniyara Fort formation). Average specific yield can be taken as 1.5% for such formations while seasonal fluctuation as 2 m. Recharge due to rainfall computed by specific yield and water table fluctuation method is as follows: - RR1 = A × SF × SY Where, RR1 = Recharge A = Area SF = Seasonal Fluctuation

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SY = Specific Yield Here, A = 699.85 Hectare SF = 2 m SY = 1.5% RR1 = 699.85 Ha x 1.5% x 2 m = 6.9985 sq.km. x 0.015 x 2 = 0.21 mcm/annum

(b) By Rainfall infiltration factor method In the area where groundwater level monitoring is not adequate in space and time, rainfall infiltration method may be adopted. The groundwater estimation committee, Govt. of India (2009) has suggested norms for recharge from rainfall under various hydro-geological conditions. The committee has suggested 3 to 10% infiltration factor for limestone and clay/shale formation. On an average, it can be taken as 6% for the core zone. RR2 = Area x Rainfall x RI factor Rainfall = 378 mm RI factor = 6% Area = 699.85 Hectare

RR2 = 699.85 Ha x 378 mm x 6% = 6.9985 sq.km. x 0.378 x 0.06 = 0.16 mcm/annum As per the recommendations of Groundwater Estimation Committee (GEC), 2009, if the difference between the two, expressed as a percentage of rainfall infiltration method is greater than or equal to -20% or less than or equal to +20%, then the recharge is taken as the value estimated by the water table fluctuation method. If it is less than -20%, then it is taken as 0.8 times the value estimated by rainfall infiltration factor method. If it is greater than +20%, then recharge is taken as equal to 1.2 times the value estimated by rainfall infiltration factor method. The difference between the two is 0.05 mcm/annum or 32%, thus the rainfall recharge for normal monsoon is to be taken as 1.2 times, the value estimated by rainfall infiltration factor method i.e. 0.19 mcm/annum. It shows that RR= 0.19 mcm/annum

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7.3.11 TOTAL DYNAMIC RESERVES OF CORE ZONE Considering all above recharge components, total dynamic reserves in the investigated core area will be RR = 0.19 mcm/annum

7.3.12 GROUNDWATER DRAFT OF CORE ZONE Groundwater draft in the area can be estimated by assessing the various components of the following equation-

Dt = Di + D d + D in + D w + Det + D o Where,

Dt = Total Groundwater Draft

Di = Groundwater Draft for irrigation in the area

Dd = Groundwater draft for domestic use

Din = Groundwater Draft for industrial use

Dw = Groundwater Draft for irrigation and Domestic use

Det = Groundwater Draft by way of evapo-transpiration

Do = Groundwater Draft as out flow from Confined aquifer. Here,

Total Ground Water Draft- Total water requirement for the cement plant operations will be met out from sea water after proper treatment from desalination plant which is about 16 km from the plant area. Therefore, no groundwater draft is proposed within core zone against 0.255 mcm/annum of recharge. Hence, it is coming under safe category.

Dt = Nil

Recharge of the core zone is 0.19 mcm/annum.

7.3.13 GROUND WATER RESOURCES FOR BUFFER ZONE Area of buffer zone which is approximately 482.79 sq.km. (48,279 hectare as per land use/land cover map). This buffer zone has mainly Glauconitic and foraminiferal limestone with calcareous siltstone (Maniyara Fort and Fulra formation), Olive green to greenish brown shale /clay (Khari Nadi and Gaj formation), gypseous lignite bearing shale, fossiliferrous limestone, ferruginous shale and clay (Kakdi Nadi formation) and basaltic flows (Extrusive) as main aquifer. Main factors for groundwater recharge in the area is recharge due to rainfall, recharge due to return flow from applied irrigation from surface and groundwater.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 165 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

7.3.13.1 RECHARGE DUE TO RAINFALL (a) BY GROUNDWATER TABLE FLUCTUATION METHOD The buffer zone has mainly limestone with shale/clay as main aquifer material and groundwater recharge occurs due to this formation. It has been observed in the key wells penetrating such geological formations that average seasonal fluctuation of water table is varying between 2 to 4 m. At a minimum level, it can be taken as 2.5 m. On an average, specific yield can be taken as 1.5%. Recharge due to Rainfall in the buffer zone computed by specific yield and water table fluctuation is given as

RR1 = A x SF x SY

= 482.79 sq.km. x 2.5 m x 1.5%

= 482.79 x 2.5 x 0.015

= 18.10 mcm/annum

(b) BY RAINFALL INFILTRATION FACTOR The groundwater recharge can also be roughly estimated by rainfall infiltration method. The groundwater estimation committee, Govt. of India (2009) has suggested norms of Recharge from rainfall under various hydrogeological conditions. For geological formation as prevailing in Lakhpat and Abdasa block i.e. mainly fossiliferous limestone with clay/shale beds and deccan traps, rainfall infiltration has been suggested as 3-10% for Limestone/shale and 4-10% for Basaltic flows, by GEC, 2009. On an average, rainfall infiltration at 7% has been taken for calculating groundwater recharge. RR2 = Area x Rainfall x RI Factor = 482.79 x 378 mm x 7% = 482.79 x 0.378 x 0.07 = 12.77 mcm/annum As per the recommendations of Groundwater Estimation Committee (GEC), 2009, if the difference between the two, expressed as a percentage of rainfall infiltration method is greater than or equal to -20% or less than or equal to +20%, then the recharge is taken as the value estimated by the water table fluctuation method. If it is less than -20%, then it is taken as 0.8 times the value estimated by rainfall infiltration factor method. If it is greater than +20%, then recharge is taken as equal to 1.2 times the value estimated by rainfall infiltration factor method. The difference between the two is 5.3 mcm/annum or 41%, thus the rainfall recharge for normal monsoon is to be taken as 1.2 times, the value estimated by rainfall infiltration factor method i.e. 15.33 mcm/annum.

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7.3.13.2 RETURN FLOW FROM APPLIED IRRIGATION As suggested by the GEC committee, groundwater recharge from the return flow of irrigation water is normally taken as 15-20% of the total water applied for irrigation in areas having soils of clayey texture. Total groundwater applied for irrigation is 2.33 mcm/annum (Refer section 6.5.1). Groundwater recharge from the above factors is as under:

RIB = 2.33 x 0.15

= 0.35 mcm/annum

7.3.13.3 TOTAL RECHARGE OF BUFFER ZONE RB = 15.33 + 0.35

= 15.68 mcm/annum

7.3.14 GROUNDWATER DRAFT OF BUFFER ZONE In the buffer zone, groundwater draft will occur mainly due to applied irrigation, domestic and livestock use. Evapo-transpiration losses in the area have been considered Nil as they are already taken into account while calculating recharge by water table fluctuation and rainfall infiltration factor method. Only one major industry i.e. Sanghi Cement exists in the buffer zone. There is no groundwater draft for industrial use, as it is using sea water from its desalination plant. Hence, total groundwater draft can be computed by reducing the equation (B) to -

DTB = DIB + D DB + D LB

7.3.14.1 DRAFT DUE TO APPLIED IRRIGATION (D iB ) Due to scanty rainfall, there is very little agriculture in the area. The groundwater draft in the buffer zone takes place mainly by dug wells and few shallow bore wells used for irrigation. There are about 361 dug wells and 34 shallow/deep bore wells tapping compact, hard and non-porous i.e. Limestone/Shale aquifer. These dug wells usually have an average discharge of 50 m3/day while bore wells having a discharge of 40 m3/day. The annual draft has been calculated after considering that these structures generally operate for 4 months in a year. The annual groundwater withdrawal from these wells is calculated as-

Groundwater draft by dug wells = 361 x 120 days x 50 m3/day

= 21,66,000

= 2.17 mcm/ annum

Groundwater draft by bore wells = 34 x 120 days x 40 m3/day

= 1,63,200

= 0.16 mcm/ annum

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Total groundwater draft due to applied irrigation = 2.17+ 0.16

= 2.33 mcm/annum

7.3.14.2 DRAFT DUE TO DOMESTIC USE (DdB) The total population in buffer zone area was around 67,202 according to census figure for 2011 which has increased to 82,331 in 2018 as per population growth rate of 32.16% per decade. Generally, norms of per capita per day consumption of water are 70-100 lpcd (Liters per capita per day) for rural areas (CPHEEO). However, the actual consumption is much less i.e. up to 40 lpcd in case of Kutch, Gujarat. Out of this, part of drinking and domestic water requirement is being met by Narmada pipe water supply (a massive water supply project in Kutch with Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board and Gujarat Water Infrastructure Ltd). Therefore, on an average, total groundwater withdrawal for domestic purpose can be considered as maximum as 40 lpcd (0.04 m3) in Kutch region. Hence, the total groundwater withdrawal for domestic use will be.

DDB = 82,331 x 0.04 x 365

= 12,02,026 cum/annum

= 1.20 mcm/ annum

7.3.14.3 DRAFT DUE TO LIVESTOCK USE (D lB ) The water consumption for livestock has been empirically considered as 5% of human consumption which is calculated as

DLB = 1.20 x 0.05

= 0.06 mcm/annum

7.3.14.4 TOTAL DRAFT OF BUFFER ZONE DTB = 2.33 + 1.20 + 0.06

= 3.59 mcm/annum

Total recharge of the buffer zone is 15.68 mcm/annum while total groundwater draft is 3.59 mcm/annum. The groundwater development in the area is about 22.9% of total groundwater recharge. Therefore, buffer zone is coming under safe category as per groundwater development status and indicating groundwater availability for long-term development.

7.3.15 ALLOCATION OF GROUND WATER FOR DOMESTIC USE FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT Domestic use of population within 10 km radius of project site has been projected for year 2035. Considering population growth percentage @32.16% per decade, population in year 2035 is estimated to be 1,43,801 persons. Dependency of population is mainly on the groundwater, with partial usage of surface water source in the area. Considering 40 liters

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 168 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

(0.04 m3) as domestic consumption in rural and semi urban area, the total water withdrawal for domestic use will be:

DDB = 1,43,801 x 0.04 x 365 days

= 2.099 mcm/annum

Present draft due to domestic use is 1.11 mcm/annum; hence additional water allocated for future domestic use works out to be 2.099- 1.20 = 0.897 mcm/annum.

7.3.16 SUMMARY OF BUFFER ZONE WATER BALANCE In MCM/Year A. Groundwater Recharge 1. Recharge Due to Rainfall 15.33 2. Recharge from other sources:

a) Return flow from applied irrigation 0.35

b) Recharge from surface water bodies - GROSS RECHARGE 15.68 B. Groundwater Draft 1. Due to Applied irrigation 2.33 2. Due to Domestic use 1.20

3. Due to Livestock 0.06 GROSS DRAFT 3.59 C. Net Ground Water Available (A-B) 12.09 D. Percentage of Ground Water development 22.9% E. Category of the area for ground water SAFE development F. Allocation for future domestic purpose (in 0.89 addition to present consumption)

7.4 RAIN WATER HARVESTING Rainwater harvesting is a technique of collection and storage of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the infiltration of surface water into subsurface aquifers (before it is lost as surface runoff). Uses include water for garden, water for livestock, water for irrigation, water for domestic use with proper treatment, and indoor heating for houses etc. In many places, the water collected is just redirected to a deep pit with percolation. The harvested water can be used as drinking water as well as for storage and other purposes like irrigation. It makes use of a natural resource and reduces flooding, storm water runoff, erosion, and contamination of surface water with pesticides, sediment, metals, and fertilizers. Also, it is an excellent source of water for landscape irrigation, with no chemicals such as fluoride and chlorine, and any dissolved salts and minerals from the soil.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 169 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

The basic principal of Rainwater harvesting systems is to channelize rainwater from a catchment surface (roof or other raised solid surface), through a distribution system (gutters, downspouts and pipes) and then into storage tank. The storage tank can be above ground or underground and can be made from a variety of materials including plastic and metal. Water storage tanks should be covered to prevent mosquito breeding and to reduce evaporation losses, contamination and algal growth.

7.4.1 Need for artificial groundwater recharge / rainwater harvesting Artificial groundwater recharge is to be done to minimize the undesirable effect on groundwater status. It is necessary that groundwater storage of an area must be arranged by rainwater harvesting so that the existence of any industry does not adversely affect the groundwater situation. The artificial recharge to groundwater aims at augmentation of groundwater reservoir by modifying the natural movement of surface water utilizing suitable civil construction techniques. Artificial recharge techniques normally address to following issues. (i) To enhance the sustainable yield in areas where over-development has depleted the aquifer. (ii) Conservation and storage of excess surface water for future requirements, since these requirements often changes within a season or a period. (iii) To improve the quality of existing ground water through dilution. (iv) To remove bacteriological and other impurities from sewage and waste water so that water is suitable for re-use. The basic purpose of artificial recharge of groundwater is to restore supplies from aquifers depleted due to excessive groundwater development. The total fresh water requirement for proposed cement plant operations is 6,340 m 3/day which will go up to 2.09 mcm/annum (as per 330 plant working days). Total draft for project activities shall be met out from sea water. However, the zone in which project site is falling i.e. Lakhpat block, coming under Safe Category (CGWB, 2012), augmentation of groundwater resources are necessary in a long run. 7.4.2 Factors affecting Run-Off Rainfall is the only source of water in the area. Rainfall and evapo-transpiration are two major factors controlling the quantum of rainwater available for recharge. The other important factors controlling the natural recharge to groundwater are rainfall intensity, hydrogeology and depth of water level.

i. Rainfall Pattern The rainfall in the area is scanty (below normal to normal) and generally confined to the south-west monsoon months from June to September. The long term average rainfall (from

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 170 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

1982 to 2011) is 378 mm. It only rains a few days per year, (15 days on average). The annual average rainfall of last fourteen years (2004-2017) is coming around 473 mm with minimum of 253 mm in 2012 and maximum of 888 mm in 2010 (Figure 7.4). However, the long term average rainfall (378 mm) has been taken into consideration for the study area.

Figure 7.4: Rainfall Pattern of Kutch District (2004-2017)

ii. Evaporation Losses Some of water, which infiltrates during rainy period, is entrapped in the soil and rest of the water is ultimately lost due to potential Evapo-transpiration. The rates of potential Evapo- transpiration (PET) is very high in the area. Thus, any rainwater harvesting by indirect techniques should be such that most of the water stored on surface is put to use within the shortest possible time to avoid losses. Temperature profile of district Kutch is given in Table 7.4 and represented in Figure 7.5.

Monthly evaporation loss is computed Khosla’s Formula L m= 0.48 X T m cm

Where L m = Evaporation loss

Tm = Monthly average temperature The monthly temperature and evaporation losses is given in the table below Table 7.4: Monthly Evaporation Losses Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Max 8.8 11.8 17.4 22 25.3 27.1 26.3 25.3 23.9 20.7 15.1 10.1 - Min 27.1 30.1 35.1 38.8 39.6 37.5 34 32.8 34.3 36.4 32.7 28.4 - Mean 18.0 21.0 26.3 30.4 32.5 32.3 30.2 29.1 29.1 28.6 23.9 19.3 - Temperature 0C Evaporation loss 8.6 10.1 12.6 14.6 15.6 15.5 14.5 13.9 14.0 13.7 11.5 9.2 154 (cm)

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 171 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Figure 7.5: Temperature Profile of District Kutch iii. Geological Formation Geologically, the area around cement plant is covered and underlain by nummulitic group, Glauconitic and foraminiferal limestone with calcareous siltstone (Maniyara Fort and Fulra formation) and Olive green to greenish brown shale /clay (Khari Nadi and Gaj formation). The most feasible artificial recharge structures in such area are percolation tanks, spreading ponds, irrigation tanks, check dams etc. Dug wells/dug cum bore wells can also be used for artificial recharge. However, the source water should be properly filtered before being put in the wells. 7.4.3 Components of Rainwater Harvesting System

A rainwater harvesting system comprises components of various stages - transporting rainwater through pipes or drains, filtration, and storage in tanks for reuse or recharge. The common components of a rainwater harvesting system involved in these stages are illustrated here. 1. Catchments: The catchment of a water harvesting system is the surface which directly receives the rainfall and provides water to the system. It can be a paved area like a terrace or courtyard of a building, or an unpaved area like a lawn or open ground. A roof made of reinforced cement concrete (RCC), galvanized iron or corrugated sheets can also be used for water harvesting.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 172 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Run-off Coefficients for Various Catchment Surfaces Type of Catchments Run-off Coefficients Roof Catchments • Tiles 0.8-0.9 • Corrugated Metal sheets 0.7-0.9 Ground surface coverings • Concrete 0.6-0.8 • Brick pavements 0.5-0.6 Untreated Ground Catchments • Soil on slopes less than 10% 0.0-0.3 • Rocky natural catchments 0.2-0.5

2. Coarse mesh at the roof to prevent the passage of debris 3. Gutters: Channels all around the edge of a sloping roof to collect and transport rainwater to the storage tank. Gutters can be semi-circular or rectangular and could be made using locally available material such as plain galvanized iron sheet (20 to 22 gauges), folded to require shapes. . Semi-circular gutters of PVC material can be readily prepared by cutting those pipes into two equal semi-circular channels. . Bamboo or betel trunks cut vertically in half. The size of the gutter should be according to the flow during the highest intensity rain. It is advisable to make them 10 to 15 per cent oversize. Gutters need to be supported so they do not sag or fall off when loaded with water. The way in which gutters are fixed depends on the construction of the house; it is possible to fix iron or timber brackets into the walls, but for houses having wider eaves, some method of attachment to the rafters is necessary. 4. Conduits: Conduits are pipelines or drains that carry rainwater from the catchment or rooftop area to the harvesting system. Conduits can be of any material like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or galvanized iron (GI), materials that are commonly available. Roof area Diameter of Pipe (in mm) 50 75 100 125 150 200 Average Rate of Rainfall in mm/ hour 50 13.4 8.9 6.6 5.3 4.4 3.3 65 24.1 16.0 12 9.6 8 6.0 75 40.8 27.0 20.4 16.3 13.6 10.2 100 85.4 57.0 42.7 34.2 28.5 21.3 125 80.5 64.3 53.5 40.0 150 83.6 62.7 Sizing of rainwater pipe for roof drainage ( Source: National Building Code)

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 173 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

5. First-flushing : A first flush device is a valve that ensures that runoff from the first spell of rain is flushed out and does not enter the system. This needs to be done since the first spell of rain carries a relatively larger amount of pollutants from the air and catchment surface. 6. Filter: The filter is used to remove suspended pollutants from rainwater collected over roof. A filter unit is a chamber filled with filtering media such as fiber, coarse sand and gravel layers to remove debris and dirt from water before it enters the storage tank or recharges structure. 7. Storage Facility and Recharge Structures: Storage tanks may be constructed with respect to the shape, size and the material of construction. Rainwater may be charged into the groundwater aquifers through any suitable structures like dug wells, bore wells, recharge trenches and recharge pits.

7.4.4 Detailed rainwater harvesting plan Rooftop rainwater runoff In urban areas, the roof top rainwater can be conserved and used for recharge of groundwater. This approach requires connecting the outlet pipe from rooftop to divert the water to either existing wells/ tube wells/bore wells or specially designed wells. The urban housing complexes or institutional buildings have large roof area and can be utilizing for harvesting roof top rainwater to recharge aquifer in urban areas. The industrial roofs are of RCC finished with cement, sand and mortar. Most of the water can be collected with roof drains hence 80-85% rainwater can be available. About 15% of water is lost in evaporation etc. The water is collected through rainwater drains from rooftop. The roof should be finished to avoid percolation and should be cleaned every year before rains in order to prevent possible contamination.

Surface Runoff of Rainwater The rainfall runoff flowing from the roads, paved areas and open grounds is substantial during the monsoon. This water often creates the water logging and the drainage system is put under stress in the urban agglomerates. This ultimately flows out of the area unutilized. This water if conserved and utilized properly may bring much needed relief to the water scarce areas. This system will improve both quality and quantity of water. The subsurface reservoirs are technically feasible alternative for storing surplus monsoon runoff. Wide spectrums of techniques are in vogue to recharge ground water reservoir. The artificial recharge techniques vary widely depending upon hydro-geological studies of the area. The maximum rate at which water can enter the soil at particular point depends upon infiltration capacity. The infiltration capacity depends upon soil type, moisture content, organic matter, vegetative cover, season, air entrapment, etc. The infiltration and percolation

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 174 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

capacity are closely related. The infiltration takes place due to gravity but capillary force, divert gravity water. Runoff coefficient for rooftop area can be taken as 80%. Similarly, for cemented/paved area, run-off coefficient has been taken as 70% while for green belt area, it is generally varying between 10-30%. Following methods shall carry out the rainwater harvesting 1. Roof top rainwater harvesting by storage in tanks 2. Runoff rainwater harvesting from surface/grounds in the proposed industrial unit

7.4.5 Rainwater harvesting potential - Runoff estimation Rainwater harvesting potential/Runoff calculation is based on the catchment area and its corresponding runoff coefficients. The formula is Runoff = Monsoon rainfall × Area of catchment × Runoff coefficient

7.4.5.1 Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting (Cement Plant + Colony area) The plant premises along with residential colony have different buildings with RCC and V shaped roof. Drain pipes (4-6 inches) has been proposed to collect water from flat RCC roof. These drain pipes should be further connected with main rainwater collection pipes, provided with collection chambers. In case of V shaped roof, rainwater should be collected through gutters attached at the end of the roof and these gutters are connected to rainwater pipes. From such roof catchments, almost 80-90% runoff water can be collected. Average rooftop rainwater runoff available: = A x Rf x AvRc Where, A = Roof top area = 77,300 Sq.m Rf = Rainfall = 378 mm (Average annual rainfall) AvRc= Average run-off coefficient= 0.80 Average rainwater runoff available = 77,300 x 0.378 x 0.80 = 23,376 Cum ------(A)

7.4.5.2 Rainwater Harvesting from Surface/Grounds Surface Run-off from Black Topped Roads, Cemented and Paved Area In the plant area, there are proposed approach roads for different sections, workshop, canteen, magazine area. The project area is also having parking and other cemented floor portion. Slope of these cemented area and roads should be maintained in such a way that the available runoff should move towards the proposed open drains and this water shall be taken to the storage ponds/pits. Total road, cemented and paved area is about 42.23 hectare.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 175 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Taking 65% as runoff coefficient for such area, the availability of run-off water has been worked out as under

= A x Rf x AvRc

Where,

A = Total area = 4,22,300 Sq.m.

Rf = Rainfall = 378 mm (Average annual rainfall)

AvRc= Average run-off coefficient= 0.65

Average rainwater runoff available = 4,22,300 x 0.378 x 0.65

= 1,03,759 Cum. ------(B)

7.4.5.3 Surface Run-off from Green Belt Area The cement project area comprises about around 57 hectares (5,70,000 Sq.m.) of land proposed to be developed as green belt area. For green area having slope less than 10 percent, runoff coefficient is generally taken as 20%. Availability of water from green area is calculated as: = A x Rf x AvRc Where, A = Total green area = 5,70,000 Sq.m. Rf = Rainfall = 378 mm (Average annual rainfall) AvRc= Average run-off coefficient= 0.20 Average rainwater runoff available = 5,70,000 x 0.378 x 0.20 = 43,092 Cum. ------(C) Expected Rainwater Run-off from Roof-top and surface and grounds = (A) + (B) + (C) = 23,376 + 1,03,759 + 43,092 = 1,70,227 Cum/ annum

7.4.5.4 Collection and Conveyance System The rooftop rainwater shall be conveyed to the RWH drains first to be constructed for this purpose and then to the recharge pond. Separate drainage system will be maintained for handling roof top storm water. The roof top gutters will drain water into storm water drains. The drains will carry water to the recharge pond. Before entering the recharge pond, the storm water will pass through a settlement tank. Surface drains for transport of rainwater will be made of impervious concrete to protect percolation. To maintain smooth flow of water, the cross sectional areas will be designed appropriately. M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 176 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Settlement tanks are used to remove silt and other floating impurities from rain water. Settlement tank is like an ordinary tank having provision for inflow and outflow. Settlement tanks will have paved bottom not to allow standing water to percolate into the soil. Apart from removing silt from water, the desilting chamber acts like a buffer in the system. The water from the storm drains will first come to this tank and settle for a while. There will be a screen at the outlet so that all suspended materials settle at this point.

7.4.5.5 Calculation of Recharge/Storage Ponds Capacity

The rainwater runoff collected from roof top and surface/grounds can be directly used for storage/recharging the groundwater through percolation ponds. To accommodate available runoff, project authorities should construct ponds/tanks near the project area. Average area of the pond must be kept around 60,000 Sq.m. (2 percolation ponds of 100 m length × 100 m width) while the average depth as 3 m. Considering 3 fillings per seasons, such water harvesting structures are capable of holding above calculated runoff. As this runoff water is stored in the ponds, artificial recharge due to stored water in ponds can be taken as maximum of 30% of the total stored water.

Expected recharge = 1,70,227 Cum/annum x 0.3

= 51,068 Cum/annum

Moreover, this harvested rainwater can be directed to nearby excavated mine pits or a number of natural ponds already existing within cement plant and may be utilized directly for domestic purpose and green belt development which may reduce the overall water requirement to some extent. The total water requirement for cement plant 6,340 cum/day which will amount to 20,92,200 cum/annum considering 330 working days and being met from sea water using desalination plant. However, there is no deficit in groundwater resources of the area due to cement plant operations, yet to facilitate additional recharge; the industry should construct artificial rainwater harvesting structures in some of the nearby area/villages, depending upon the feasibility. Location of proposed RWH ponds is shown in Figure 7.6. Artificial recharge to groundwater can be done only under feasible hydro-geological conditions especially in critical/semi-critical blocks where water level is declining. Many methods are available for utilizing surface run-off for artificial recharge to groundwater, the most preferable and cost effective structures in formation as prevailing in buffer zone are percolation tank/ponds, check dams, anicuts, dry dug well etc. Rainwater harvested and recharged in the unsaturated zone accumulates fresh water column which can be tapped and utilized by shallow wells and pumps for drinking purposes.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 177 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Figure 7.6: Location of Proposed Rainwater Harvesting Ponds

7.4.5.6 Summary and Conclusion o Ultra Tech Cement Limited has installed a cement plant over an area of 699.85 hectare after proposed expansion occurring within parts of villages Harudi and Kharai in Lakhpat Taluka of Kutch District, Gujarat State. The plant area is bounded within the co-ordinates 23°24’39.86” N to 23°27’19.14” N and Longitude 68° 40’ 40.6” E to 68° 43’ 49.46” E. o The total water requirement for the proposed cement plant is 6,340 m3/day i.e. 20,92,200 m3/annum which shall be met out from sea water after proper treatment from desalination plant located at about 14 km from the plant area. o The annual average rainfall in the region is coming around 473 mm (average of last fourteen years from 2004 to 2017) with minimum of 253 mm in 2012 and maximum of 888 mm in 2010. o Geologically, the area around cement plant is underlain by nummulitic group, Glauconitic and foraminiferal limestone with calcareous siltstone (Maniyara Fort and Fulra formation) and Olive green to greenish brown shale /clay (Khari Nadi and Gaj formation). o Groundwater in the area occurs under water table conditions and is transmitted through the pore spaces and interstitial openings. The limestone being argillaceous, fossiliferrous

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 178 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

and with clay intercalations having very low hydraulic conductivity. Calcareous, micaceous siltstone also has very low hydraulic conductivity and yield from these formations is generally poor and limited. o Water potential of the phreatic zone is quite limited due to scanty rainfall in the area and low infiltration capacity of the exposed formation. Less permeable surface strata composed of clay/shales and clayey limestone retards direct download percolation of water. o Depth to water table at different places in buffer zone was found to vary between 1.83 m to 37.7 m bgl indicating water table to be deep at certain places. Overflowing wells have also been observed a few locations. Depth to water table in and around cement plant area is found to vary between 7.5 to 16.5 m bgl. o The water table contour map shows that the water level is increasing towards north eastern side in most part of the buffer zone. Groundwater flow direction is from Northeast to Southwest direction in the central and western part of the buffer area whereas northwest to southeast direction in eastern part of the buffer zone. o Chemical analysis of groundwater samples collected from different bore wells of nearby villages reveals a wide variation in physico-chemical composition of water samples. Groundwater quality is not good in general and varies from potable to brackish as major parameters were found exceeding the desirable and permissible range for drinking water standards as described by Indian Standard: 10500-2012. o For buffer zone (10 km radius), total recharge due to rainfall and irrigation return flow works out to be 15.68 mcm/annum. Total discharge due to applied irrigation and domestic uses works out to be 3.59 mcm/annum. The groundwater development in the area is about 22.9% of total groundwater recharge. Therefore, buffer zone is coming under Safe category. o Cement manufacturing process will be based on the dry process and no waste water will be generated from cement plant. Domestic effluents generated from plant office and canteen shall be disposed off in soak pits via septic tanks. No impact of wastewater generation on surface water is expected, as there is no discharge into surface water resources. o Limestone constitutes of fairly inert and chemically non-reactive materials and does not contain any harmful ingredients. Hence, no impact on groundwater quality is foreseen. o Rainwater harvesting from rooftop area, roads, paved & cemented area and green belt of proposed cement plant shall be 23,376 cum, 1,03,759 cum and 43,092 cum respectively. To accommodate roof-top and surface runoff, 2 storage/recharge ponds of 100 m length, 100 m width and 3 m depth have been proposed within project area.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 179 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

7.5 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.5.1 Risk Assessment & Damage Control Risk assessment is the determination of quantitative or qualitative value of risk related to a concrete situation and a recognized threat. Accidental risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accident consisting of an event or sequence of events resulting into fire, explosion or toxic hazards to human health and environment. Activities requiring assessment of risk due to occurrence of most probable instances of hazard and incident are both onsite and off-site.

7.5.2 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment (HIRA) for Integrated Cement Project The cement manufacturing industry is labor intensive and uses large scale and potentially hazardous manufacturing processes. The industry experiences incident rates that are high compared with some other manufacturing industries. Cement industries experiences risk of a number of hazards inherent to the cement production process. Following hazards may occur:  Exposure to High temperatures;  Physical Hazards;  Events pertaining to Manufacturing Process;  Fire;  Explosion;  Electrocution;  Natural & Manmade hazards  Noise and Vibration These mainly impact on those working within the industry, although health hazards can also impact on local communities. The potential hazardous areas and the likely incidents with the concerned area have been enlisted below in Table - 7.5.

Table - 7.5 Possible Hazardous Locations on site S. No. Hazardous Area Likely Incident 1. Kiln Area Hot Zones 2. Electrical rooms Fire and electrocution 3. Transformer area Fire and electrocution 4. Cable tunnel Fire and electrocution 5. Storage yard Sliding and fire 6. Crushing and grinding unit Nip Hazard, Noise 7. Chimney Height 8. Coal / fuel storage area Fire and spillage 9. Turbine room Explosion

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 180 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

7.5.2.1 Exposure to High Temperature The principal exposures to heat in this sector occur during handling of hot raw meal (Powdered limestone, laterite additives etc. heated in a pre-heater cyclone), hot clinker and operation & maintenance of kiln or other hot equipment. Recommended prevention and control techniques include the following:  Shielding surfaces where workers proximity and close contact with hot equipment is expected,  Using personal protective equipment (PPE), as needed (e.g. insulated gloves and shoes);  Minimizing the work time required in high temperature environments by implementing shorter shifts at these locations. 7.5.2.2 Physical Hazards Injuries during Project operation are typically related to slips, trips, and falls; contact with falling / moving objects; and lifting / over-exertion. Other injuries may occur due to contact with, or capture in, moving machinery (e.g. dump trucks, front loaders, forklifts). Activities related to maintenance of equipment, including crushers, mills, mill separators, fans, coolers, and belt conveyors, represent a significant source of exposure to physical hazards. Such hazards may include the following:  Falling / impact with objects  Hot surface burns  Transportation  Contact with allergic substances. Following measures have been/will be adopted to prevent the physical hazards in the plant  Any person working on equipment with moving parts personally ensures the equipment is de-energized, isolated and locked/tagged out.  Any person working from a position with the potential risk for a fall from height uses fall protection.  Any person doing flame welding, cutting or brazing in the proximity of any flammable material wears PPE.  Safety helmets are used to protect workers below against falling material.  Barriers like a toe boards or mesh guards are provided to prevent items from slipping or being knocked off the edge of a structure.  An exclusion zone is created beneath areas where work is taking place.  Danger areas are clearly marked with suitable safety signs indicating that access is restricted to essential personnel wearing hard hats while the work is in progress.  In case of any accident immediate and proper medical care is provided at the plant site. M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 181 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

7.5.2.3 Events pertaining to the manufacturing process Following areas are identified as hazard prone in case of Integrated Cement Plant where Disaster management plan is required.

(i) Handling of Coal  The coal is/will be received and stored in Stockpile. The possible hazards are envisaged due to the slipping of wagon during unloading.  Stockpile is/will be made in a way so that the wind strikes the width of the stockpile and not the length.  During summer season, there is chance of coal catching fire due to spontaneous heating.  Effective sprinkling systems are/will be provided all round the coal storage yards.

(ii) Handling of fine dust The hot raw meal (Powdered limestone, powered coal, laterite additives etc.) is/will be heated in a multi - stage pre-heater cyclone and stored in the raw meal silos. It is very common that the hot raw meal gets jammed in the chute and screw conveyors. During the maintenance process, the operator generally works in the pre-heater cyclone and other areas. Though, the operation of the pyro is in close circuit, there is a less possibility of the risk associated with the exposure to hot material. The relevant PPEs are being/will be provided during cleaning to the workers with sufficient care during the maintenance operations.

(iii) Handling of Hot Clinker The hot clinker is being/will be transported by deep pan conveyors to the top of the silo or closed stock pile for storage. During this operation, there is a possibility of spill out of hot clinker. Proper care for the conveyor system and the bund wall for the clinker stock pile is/will be the part of design criteria.

(iv) Handling of Cement Cement is the fine dust which is being/will be conveyed in a closed circuit (mechanical and/or pneumatic or combination of both) to avoid any health and environment risk.

7.5.2.4 Fire Fire can be observed in the boiler area, Coal storage yard, Fuel spillage, Electrical rooms, Transformer area etc. due to incidental failure scenario. Fire detection, alarm and control system helps for early detection as well as control measures.

Suitable Fire extinguishers, Fire hydrant system, Fire buckets, Fire suppression system, Inert gas flooding system and Fire sprinkler system have been/will be provided for fighting the fire during emergency. Employees working in such areas have been/will be imparted training for first aid fire fighting to prevent/extinguish the fire at initial stage.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 182 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Table - 7.6 Anticipated Fire Hazard Scenarios S. No. Area/ Activity Hazard Impact Fire may occur due to leakage in the Fire may propagate towards 1. HSD tank which may lead to pool fire in nearby sheds and buildings contact with an ignition source. Fire may occur due to leakage in the Fire may propagate towards 2. LDO Storage tank which may lead to pool fire in the nearby sheds and buildings. contact with an ignition source. Fire may occur due to leakage in the Fire may propagate to nearby Furnace Oil Bulk 3. tank which may lead to pool fire in sheds. Storage capacity contact with an ignition source. Fire may occur due to leakage in tank Fire may propagate towards Transformer Oil or blowing of rupture disk which may nearby sheds and buildings. 4. stored in Conservator lead to pool fire in contact with an ignition source Storage of Coal in Fire may occur due to spontaneous Fires will propagate within the 5. Coal Storage Yards ignition of coal. coal storage yard. Storage and handling Dust explosion may occur during Fire may occur in the ground coal 6. of ground coal storage and handling of ground coal storage and handling system affecting other areas as well.

Fire and rescue team of the unit is as below - S.N. Team Name of the Employee with Contact Numbers Designation Office Residence 1. Team Leader Nand lal Chaubey 231 2. Team Member(s) F B Chaubey 230 3. Team Member(s) Harpreet Singh Arora 230 4. Team Member(s) Nehru Singh 230 5. Team Member(s) Ajit Singh Yadav 263 6. Team Member(s) Arvind Kumar 101 7. Team Member(s) Sanjay Kumar -- 8. Team Member(s) Chirag Parmar --- 9. Team Member(s) Parmeshar Singh ------10. Team Member(s) Anil Kumar 101 ----- 11 Team Member(s) Om Prakash 101 ----- 12 Team Member(s) Aijivender 101 ----- 13 Team Member(s) Mohit Sharma 101 ------

7.5.2.5 Explosion Explosion may lead to release of heat energy & Pressure waves. Table - 7.7 shows tentative list of damages envisaged due to different heat loads .

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 183 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Table - 7.7 List of Damages Envisaged at Various Heat Loads

S. No. Heat loads Type of Damage Intensity (kW/m²) Damage to Equipment Damage to People 1 37.5 Damage to process equipment 100% lethality in 1 min. 1% lethality in 10 sec 2 25.0 Minimum energy required to ignite wood 50% Lethality in 1 min. Significant injury in 10 sec 3 19.0 Maximum thermal radiation intensity allowed -- on thermally unprotected equipment 4 12.5 Minimum energy required to melt plastic 1% lethality in 1 min tubing 5 4.0 -- First degree burns, causes pain for exposure longer than 10 sec 6 1.6 -- Causes no discomfort on long exposures Source : World Bank (1988). Technical Report No. 55: Techniques for Assessing Industrial Hazards, Washington, D.C: The World Bank.

7.5.2.6 Electrocution Fatal Incident due to carelessness during working hours may lead to electrocution.

7.5.2.7 Natural and Manmade Calamities which can lead to Emergency (a) Earthquake

Gujarat state lies in earthquake zones III, IV and V. Some area of Jamnagar, Dwarka, Palanpur etc., districts fall in zone IV where as many parts of Porbandar, Gandhinagar, Surat Bharuch, Vadodara, Ahmadabad etc., fall in zone III and areas like Bhuj, Mundra, Kutch, Lakhpath etc., falls under Very High Damage Risk Zone.

The project site as well as study area lies in Zone-V of Seismic Zoning Map of India, updated by India Metrological Department (IMD) and National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM), and thus can be said to be located in an area of Very High Damage Risk Zone by national standards. Apart from some of the counter-measures to be taken in foreseeable cases, emergency recovery plan has been considered by the emergency management team as per the situation and site conditions as follows:

During a major earthquake shaking of the earth or building is experienced. This shaking may start out as a gentle rocking motion that grows violent, or it may begin as a violent jolt. One will find it difficult to walk during the shaking.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 184 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

During the Earthquake o Stay where you are, get under a desk or table or stand in a doorway or the corner of the room. Do not seek cover under tables or benches in laboratories. Chemicals could spill and harm you. If possible, extinguish fires, flames, or other sources of ignition. o If you are outside get into an open area away from buildings, power lines and trees. o Do not use elevators. o If you are driving, pull over to the side of the road and stop immediately. Avoid overpasses and power lines. Stay inside the vehicle until the shaking has stopped. After the Earthquake o Gather your valuables and leave the building quickly. If necessary, provide assistance to those who have been trapped in the building, including those with mobility impairments or those who are trapped by debris. Gather at the designated meeting location. o To expedite rescue and emergency services, a sign should be posted on the front of the building denoting that all of the occupants got out or that people may be trapped in the building. If you know someone is trapped, note the time, date, number of victims, and their last known locations on the sign. o Check for injuries, but do not move seriously injured people unless the danger in the area is greater than their injuries. o Remember, a significant earthquake will affect the entire city and country. You may have to fend for yourself and your fellow workers for quite a long time. Render whatever aid you can provide, but remember that you are responsible for your personal safety. o Use telephones only to report emergencies (i.e., gas leaks, fire, injuries). o People working in Plant or other trained individuals should turn off utilities. o Never touch downed utility poles or lines. Avoid damaged building equipment. o Do not use your vehicle unless there is an emergency. Keep the streets clear for emergency vehicles. Be prepared for aftershocks. Aftershocks are usually smaller than the main quake, but they may be strong enough to topple already damaged buildings.

(b) Sandstorm The contingency actions during storm shall be based on the weather forecasts obtained from meteorological stations and the local meteorological department. Some of the important actions to be carried out are as follows:

Prior to Storm  Establish regular contact with the local meteorological department.  Establish distances from storm in order to execute preparatory actions in a shorter time.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 185 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

 Appraise the factory operations / installations and consider the consequences that the emergency might have on operations and personnel.  Check the availability of tools, batteries, non-perishable foods and other materials that might be required.  Review all operations carefully to ensure that systems in jeopardy are taken care of or shut down.  Ensure the readiness of first aiders, emergency vehicles, medical Centre, medicines etc.  Metallic sheets, loose materials, empty drums and other light objects shall be properly secured.  Flush the drainage systems.

During Storm  Gather at a safe place to evacuate to storm surge or floods are threading. Family and friends who live in secure accommodation that is further inland and on higher ground are the best option.  Ensure you have a supply of fuel stored safely in your garage in case you need to evacuate at short notice.  Practice a drill with your family to ensure everyone is familiar with the evacuation plan.  Ensure everyone is familiar with the Standard Emergency Warning Signal (SEWS).

After the Storm  Gather your valuables and stay in strong building. If necessary, provide assistance to those who have been trapped in the building, including those with mobility impairments or those who are trapped by debris. Gather at the designated meeting location.  Remember, a significant cyclone / storm will affect the entire city and country. You may have to fend for yourself and your fellow workers for quite a long time. Render whatever aid you can provide, but remember that you are responsible for your personal safety  Use telephones only to report emergencies (i.e., gas leaks, fire, injuries).  People working in Plant or other trained individuals should turn off utilities  Never touch downed utility poles or lines. Avoid damaged building equipment.  Do not use your vehicle unless there is an emergency. Keep the streets clear for emergency vehicles. (c) Air Raid Air raid warning would be obtained from the District Emergency Authority or Defense Authorities, during which total blackout of the entire complex will be considered. Some of the contingency actions to be considered during an air raid are as follows: M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 186 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

 The Aviation Lights installed on highest point inside the factory shall be switched off.  All the lighting on the Streets shall be put off.  All the plant lighting shall be put off.  Brown curtains shall be provided for all windows inside the building.  Other emergency actions shall be followed in addition as per the general procedure.

7.5.2.8 High Risk Categories and Preventive Measures High Risk Categories and Preventive Measures are given in Table - 7.8. Table - 7.8 High Risk Categories and Preventive Measures

High Risk Categories Prevention Contractors Contractor Safety Management Young/Temporary Employees Special Safety Induction Training Direct Causes Traffic & Mobile Plant Driver Training Falls from Heights, Objects falling from Heights Safety Procedures for Work at Heights, Overhead Protection, In-house training Caught in Starting/Moving Equipment Plant Isolation Procedures, Machine Guarding

7.5.2.9 Measures for occupational Health Hazards  Dust Exposure level of shop floor workers is being/will be appropriately monitored.

 Check of the effectiveness of preventive and control measures on regular basis.

 Adequate supply of potable drinking water is being/will be provided. Water supplied to areas of Plant food preparation or for the purpose of personal hygiene (washing or bathing) are/will be according to drinking water quality standards

 Where there is potential for exposure to harmful dusts by ingestion, arrangements have been/will be made for clean eating areas, where workers are not exposed to the hazardous or noxious substances

 Periodic medical hearing checks are being/will be performed on workers exposed to high noise levels

 Provisions have been made to provide OHS orientation training to all new employees to ensure they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at / on the site and of personal protection and preventing injury to fellow employees

 Contractors that have the technical capability to manage the occupational health and safety issues of their employees have been/will be hired, extending the application of the hazard management activities through formal procurement agreements

 Ambulances and First aid treatment facilities are/will be made available for any emergency situation.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 187 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

7.5.3 Disaster Management Plan 7.5.3.1 Definition A major emergency in a work is one, which has the potential to cause serious injury or loss of life. It may cause extensive damage to property and serious disruption both inside and outside the work. It would normally require the assistance of emergency services to handle it effectively.

7.5.3.2 Scope The aim of hazard control and disaster management is concerned with preventing incidents through good design, operation, maintenance and inspection, by which it is possible to reduce the risk of an incident, but it is not possible to eliminate it. Since, absolute safety is not achievable; an essential part of major hazard control must also include mitigating the effects of a major incident. An important element of mitigation is emergency planning, i.e. recognizing incidents as soon as possible, assessing the consequences of such incidents and deciding on the emergency procedures, both on-site and off-site, that would need to be implemented in the event of an emergency.

7.5.3.3 Objective The overall objectives of the emergency plan will be: a) To localize the emergency and, if possible eliminate it; and b) To minimize the effects of the incident on people and property. c) Restore normalcy at minimum possible time Elimination will require prompt action by operations and works emergency staff using, for example, fire-fighting equipment, water sprays etc. Minimizing the effects may include rescue, first aid, evacuation, rehabilitation and giving information promptly to people living nearby. To deal with the above emergencies, the Emergency Plan is prepared.

7.5.3.4 Onsite Emergency Plan 7.5.3.4.1 Disaster control Management system Disaster Management plan plays an important role in combating emergency in a systematic manner. In addition; the implementation of an Emergency Response Plan relies on a number of response functions, which deal with different aspects of emergency, with the most important ones being:  Communication and Co-ordination  Emergency procedure  Fire and Rescue (Emergency Mitigation) Emergency Control Team at Incident Site

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 188 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

 Medical Services  Security  Administration (Logistics and Welfare)  Co-ordination with external agencies. 7.5.3.5 Onsite Emergency Plan The Onsite Emergency Management Plan is a master plan which contains the emergency organization structure, responsibilities of key members, communications mean and emergency response strategies to control a range of major incidents.

7.5.3.5.1 Risk Scenarios at UltraTech Ltd. Potential and high hazard situation will be treated as major emergency. Emergency will be declared by the Head-EHS after assessing the situation. The prime risk scenarios as evaluated from hazard identification are: Fires: Fire at fuel storage yard, Trash catching fire, diesel fire, cable fire, Paint fires, construction waste fires, electrical fire in panels, transformer oil fire, Fire in administrative building, combustible gas fire, and flammable liquid fire, etc.

Explosion: LPG cylinder explosion, air receiver cylinder bursting, bomb explosion, gas pipe line bursting, bursting of new fuel pipe line during testing, etc.

Leakage: Leakages of toxic gases, combustible gases etc.

Spillage: spillages of acids / chemicals / flammable liquids/ non-flammable liquids etc.

Contamination: Drinking water contamination with poisonous chemicals.

Construction disasters: Building collapse, form work collapse, rubbish chute choke, scaffolding collapse, tower crane collapse, mobile crane/crawler crane topple, Major electrical shutdown (during night time)

Road emergencies: Road accidents

Others: Cyclonic winds, Flooding, Food poisoning, epidemics, earth quake, Landslides etc.

7.5.3.5.2 Emergency Organization and its Responsibilities Command and control of an emergency condition encompasses the key management functions necessary to ensure the health and safety of employees, as well as those of public living in the vicinity. In addition, the implementation of an Emergency Response Plan relies on a number of response functions, which deal with different aspects of emergency, with the most important ones being.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 189 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Chief Controller

Site Controller Any person noticing a fire in the plant area shall shout "Fire Fire Liaison Officer Fire" and inform, section supervisor/ECC. The section Telephone number Incident Controller supervisor will decide the Security: 263 / 231 emergency and inform the ECC Shift Engineer in absence of above CCR: 440 over pH: 263 / 231. If he is having provision he can call 101 for fire Brigade Help Security Co-Ordinator Alternative Phone No.1 is provided /Duty Security Supervisor) in CCR. 440

• In case of fires involving Electricity the E&I co- Medical Co-Ordinator ordinator shall be informed on priority to enable him to isolate the power. Safety Co-Ordinator

Area Wise Co-Ordinator

Responsibilities of Emergency Organization A. Site Main Controller (SMC) (Responsibilities and Duties) Site In charge will be the SMC. As soon as the site main controller is aware of the emergency, he will proceed to the emergency control center. On arrival, he will:  Relieve the site incident controller of responsibility for overall control.  Ensure that the outside emergency services are called in.  Ensure that key personnel are called in.  Exercise direct operational control of those parts of the work outside the affected area.  Maintain a speculative continuous review of possible developments and assess these to determine most probable course of events.  Direct the shutting down of equipment and evacuation of areas in consultation with the site incident controller and key personnel.  Ensure the casualties and receiving adequate attention. Arrange for additional help, if required. Ensure that relatives are advised.  Liaise with Chief Officers of the fire and police services and with the experts on fire, safety, health etc. provide advice on possible effects on areas outside works.  Where the emergency is prolonged, arrange for the relief of personnel and the provisions of catering facilities.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 190 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

 Ensure the proper consideration is given to the preservation of evidences for investigations  Ensure with site incident controller about instructions of “ALL CLEAR” communication.  Ensure and control rehabilitation of affected areas.  Communication to UltraTech Cement Ltd. followed by a written report about the accident, including mitigation action taken.

B. Site Incident Controller (SIC) (Responsibilities and Duties) Site SHE Head will be SIC.As soon as the site incident controller is aware of the emergency and its location, the site incident controller will proceed to the scene and he will:  Assess the scale of emergency and decide if a major emergency situation exists or is likely. On this decision, he will activate the subsequent major emergency procedure.  Direct all operations within the affected area with the following priorities:  Secure the safety of personnel  Minimize damage to equipment, property and the environment  Minimize loss of material  Direct rescue and fire fighting operations  Ensure that the affected area is searched for unattended casualties.  Ensure that all non-essential workers in the affected area evacuate to the appropriate assembly point.  Direct the outside emergency services if called for emergency.  Pending the arrival of the site main controller, assume the duties of the post and, in particular: • Direct the shutting down of equipment and evaluation of areas likely endangered by the emergency. • Ensure that the outside emergency services have been called in. • Ensure that key personnel have been called in.  Report all significant development to the site main controller. Provide advice and information, as required, to the senior officer of the Fire Brigade.  Ensure the head counting for personnel.  Control traffic movement within the works.  Ensure that chronological record of the emergency to be maintained.  Have regard to the need to preserve evidence that would facilitate any subsequent esquire into the cause and circumstances of the emergency.  Direct the instructions about the “ALL CLEAR” communication through mobile phones & walkie-talkie.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 191 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

C. Duties of the Key Persons of the Assistance Groups • Duties of Head – HR & ADMIN:  He handles the evacuation of the personnel from the emergency situation to the Assembly point.  He takes the head count of the Evacuated personnel.  He will assist the site controller in liaise with the local emergency authorities.  Manage traffic movement towards the incident area and clears way to the Emergency vehicles. • Duties of Head – Electrical:  He will be the heading the Shutdown.  After receiving the communication from the Incident controller, he will arrange to stop the power supply to the site and shutdown of the other equipment at site as per requirement.  After receiving the “All Clear” communication from the incident controller, he will resume the power supply to site. • Duties of Head-Mechanical  He will be the heading the heavy equipment  After receiving the communication from the Incident controller, he will arrange to properly access at site.  After receiving the “All Clear” communication from the incident controller, he will resume the tool tackles (welding machine, cutting machine, grinding machine etc.) to site. • Duties of the fire fighting team  After receiving the emergency communication, they will immediately report to the Incident controller.  As per his instruction they will mobilize the Fire fighting equipment’s and Leak control kits etc.  They will control the fire & Gas leakages.  In emergency situation other than Fire & Gas leakages, they will help the first aid team.

• Duties of the first aid team  After receiving the emergency communication First aid team will immediately reports to the Incident controller  First aid team will remove the causalities from the incident area to the safe place.  They will provide the immediate first aid to the casualties.  Help them to transport to the medical aid if warrants.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 192 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

• Duties of Person who first detects a Fire / Accident  On noticing a fire or accident he will immediately try to alert the personnel in the vicinity by shouting. He will notify the location of fire / accident.  He will try to control the emergency by using proper fire & safety equipment’s / installations at the site.  If possible, he shall try to salvage the equipment’s and materials not involved in the fire / accident. • Duties of area incharge of Emergency Affected Area  He will immediately proceed to the scene of incident to confirm and assess the situation.  He will notify the nature of emergency to the fire station and security office to inform SIC / SMC and the concerned persons.  Area In-charge should clearly indicate to fire station and security office about I) Nature of emergency II) Location of emergency

 He will ensure that all hot jobs including welding, cutting, grinding, chipping, open fire heating, etc. are stopped in the area.  He will coordinate the actions of site emergency services, maintenance services and other services for quick control of the situation, he will also perform emergency control measures as per directions from SIC / SMC.  He will furnish the full details about the incident to the Senior Management and Safety Officer, SMC / SIC, and other emergency services at site.  He will set up an emergency control post on site for team leaders of assistance groups from where the control and direction of the emergency operation is safe and he will arrange some communication media e.g. telephone at the emergency control post.  He will keep himself in constant touch with the emergency post and continue to pass on information / receive direction from emergency post to the concerned personnel.  He will ask for spare manpower from the other area in-charges of the unaffected areas for the help in emergency operations, if required.  He will announce through paging system or any other way, in the concerned affected area for evacuation of the personnel to their designated assembly point, if required. • Duties of Area in charge of Unaffected Area in Emergency  After getting information from emergency control Post of affected area he will send the spare persons from his area and report to the emergency post on site.  He will render all necessary help to the in-charge of the affected areas in tackling and controlling the emergency situations as directed from the control post.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 193 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

 He will maintain normal operating conditions of his equipment’s, until gets the instructions from emergency control post / SMC / SIC. • Duties of Concerned Section Head On receipt of information of emergency:  He will ensure about the steps to localize the hazards and decide about the operations of various equipment’s and units at the site. If necessary, he will ensure the safe shutdown of the plant, so as to stop the spread of hazard, with the consultation with SM / SIC.  He will ensure to give the inventory of hazardous materials and operations hazards to various assistance groups for emergency handling.  He will look after the emergency operations in the concerned area. • Duties of Staff in affected areas  They shall act as per instructions of their In-charge. Trained personnel will be nominated to assistance Fire fighters to fight the fire. Other persons will take care of their areas as usual, unless otherwise directed by the Area In-charge.  They are expected not to be panicky but remain calm. If called for evacuation they will follow instructions in an orderly disciplined manner.  If directed to evacuate, the Area In-charge may direct them to safe shutdowns of running machines and evacuate in a disciplined manner.  After evacuation they will collect at the nearest specified assembly point and await further instructions from the Area In-charge.  Shall see that the persons assigned with specified duties in an emergency are not disturbed or obstructed. • Duties of the Other Staff in Unaffected Area They will follow the emergency signals and instructions given by In-charge / SMC / SIC.  They will not leave their place of work and will continue the routine work.  They are expected not to be panicky but remain calm. If called for evacuation they will follow instructions in an orderly disciplined manner.  If directed to evacuate, the Area In-charge may direct them to safe shutdowns of running machines and evacuate in a disciplined manner.  After evacuation they will collect at the nearest specified assembly point and await further instructions from the Area In-charge.  Shall see that the persons assigned with specified duties in an emergency are not disturbed or obstructed. • Procedures to be followed during non-working hours The help of most of the personnel listed earlier will not be available and hence a separate working procedure has to be followed:

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 194 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

 All applicable duties for silent hours / enumerated earlier will apply.  In-charge of the affected area will handle the situation with the available manpower and services, till the designated authorities of emergency organization reach the emergency site. 7.5.3.5.3 Emergency Control Post Emergency control post will be set up at the time of any major emergency, by the in-charge of the concerned area, for team leaders of assistance groups, from where the control and directions of the emergency operation is safe. Communication media e.g. telephone will also be provided at the control post.

7.5.3.5.4 Assembly Points The assembly points are provided so as to cover the whole site area with the consideration of wind direction, nearby paging facility and more than one road approach on each point. Assembly Points S. No. Area Location Board No. 1. Mines Auto-Workshop Near Mines Pota Cabin 01 Raw Mill, Coal Mill, Pre- Heater, Cooler House of SP-I 2. In front of CCR 02 & II, LC-II Cement Mill & Packing Plant, Gunny Bag Go down In front of Cement loading 3. 03 (SP-I & II), LC - III near Security Post 4. CPP -I & CPP -II Near ACC -I 04 Stacker Reclaimer Dump hoppers, Coal Yard & In front of Stacker 5. 05 Circular stock pile & LC-I Reclaimer office 6. Time Office, General Store, Fire Station In front of time office 06 7. NAPU Near Security cabin NAPU 07

7.5.3.5.5 Communication System Communication is crucial factor in handling an emergency. It is the practice at many plants that any employee can raise an emergency alarm, so allowing the earliest possible action to be taken to control the situation. The possible communication can be given by

a) By telephone, b) By shouting, c) By messenger, d) By walkie-talkie

Concerned SHE In-charge will inform the Fire Station through the quickest way possible for quick response and Security Office for passing of the information to the concerned persons and services. The following persons and services inside the work place will be informed in case of major emergencies like – major fire, major accident, major spillage, gas leak, cyclone, etc. These authorities and services will be notified by Security Officer as per the direction by the Head - SHE of the Site.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 195 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

a) Fire Station b) Medical Centre / Medical In-charge c) Plant head d) SHE Staff e) Security Staff

7.5.3.5.6 Basic Steps for Handling the Various Emergencies A. Emergency Evacuation Procedure  On receipt of evacuation instructions, the personnel in the affected area shall proceed to their designated assembly point.  On receipt of evacuation, personnel shall close all the working gadgets, taking care that closing or shutting down operations does not lead to additional hazards.  When the emergency is announced, one security guard at the site gate will be posted by security section and he will secure the vehicle gates halting all routine traffic and material movement into the site. This guard shall clear the road from the main gate so that if outside emergency vehicles are needed the road be clear.  All personnel of the site will remain at their announced assembly points until the clear signal is announced.  When the emergency announcement has been made, outside contractors on site will be instructed to report to the gate. Their supervisors should make a count of all personnel and report this data to the security at the gate.  Evacuation of the people will be especially in the opposite direction of exposure / wind direction. B. In Case of Fire In case of emergency, if required, help would be taken from nearby city fire station and industries under mutual aid arrangement, in addition to our own firefighting systems as fixed installations and other firefighting equipments.

C. In Case of Collapse of Building, Shed or Structure In case of collapse of Building, Shed or Structure raise the emergency alarm, inform the Head- SHE and evacuate the area. Call Fire Brigade to assist in removal of debris from the site and immediately arrange any medical help if required.

D. Liquid Spill Control Procedure  Any spillage will be immediately localized and the area cordoned off.  Area In-charge will announce about the spillage through the public-address system and inform to the Fire Station, Medical Centre, Security and Site In-charge.  Vehicular traffic will be stopped by the security staff in the affected area of the plant.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 196 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

 It will be kept in mind that chemical spillage will not be drained to the common drainage system from the site. E. Injury Procedure  In case of injury to any member, information will be sent to Medical Centre.  First aiders will give the first aid at Emergency area.  First aiders will advise medical attention for the injured. F. Storm Area In-charge will take the following actions in case of storm.  All loose, light objects will be removed from the site, which could become hazardous missiles during high winds.  Buckets, ladders, maintenance materials and other like things will be placed in the safe place.  Hydra, trucks, welding machines, etc. will be placed at safe positions / places.  All construction materials i.e. beams, pipes, power equipment’s etc. which cannot be moved to a safe location, they will be lashed in place in the best possible manner known. G. Riot or Civil Disturbances Procedure or Bomb Threat or Terrorist Attack If there are persons on or near company property with the suspected intent of causing damage to the property, injury to the plant personnel, disruption of normal operations, etc. The information will be given to SH (P&A) / SH (Security) and the following steps will be taken:  Security In-charge will be instructed to give the related details and the police services will be informed, if required.  The staff on duty or other personnel as given under plant personnel emergency notification list will be called for alertness.  Security In-charge will instruct to the security to close and lock all the site entry gates.  It will be ensured that no unauthorized person is allowed access to the site without positive identification by the gate security staff & as per instructions given by Head HR & Admin.  Emergency vehicles will be kept ready.  Medical staff at the Medical Centre will be alerted.  Fire & Safety staff will be alerted.  All Area In-charges of the site will be alerted.

H. Land Slide, Floods, Earthquake, And Other Natural Calamities In case of a land slide, earthquake or any other natural calamity, the incident controller will immediately inform the Main Site controller, who will contact the Corporation (VMC), and

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 197 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

police for remedial actions. ULTRATECH will also be immediately informed to apprise them of the situation.  The staff on duty or other personnel as given under plant personnel emergency notification list will be called for alertness.  Emergency vehicles will be kept ready.  Medical staff at the Medical Centre will be alerted.  Fire & Safety staff will be alerted.  All Area In-charges of the site will be alerted.

I. Review of Emergency A team, under the chairmanship of Plant head will review the situation and decide the actions to be taken to mitigate the effect and restart the operations without losing any time.

7.5.3.5.7 Emergency Contact Numbers: ULTRATECH CEMENT LIMITED List of telephone numbers for emergency situations are given below:

PERSON INTERCOM PHONE NUMBER Name O R Mobile No. Mukesh Gautam 202 / 402 302 8424027160 Anil Kumar Soni 208 353 -

Sunil Kanthed 426 326 9712966715 S K Pathak 432 385 7069091160 Deepak Surana 429 608 7069091161 Pattu Singh 445 390 7069091162

M. Sri Niwas Rao 446 616 7069091163 Rakesh Gatani 448 348 7069091168 Kanhaiya Singh 387/ 439 609 7069091167 Vijay Kumar 410 346 9904201666

Balu Ram Sharma 443 320 7069091164 Ritesh Suthar 433 --- 7069091166 Vikash Singhal 424 --- 7069091165 O P Sharma 223 334 7069091174

Sandeep Bajpai 349 --- 9879540073 Amiya Dwivedi 229 --- 7069091228

7.5.3.6 Off-Site Emergency Planning The off-site emergency plan is an integral part of any hazard control system. It is based on those incidents identified by the works management, which could affect people and the environment outside the works. Thus, the off-site plan follows logically from the analysis that took place to provide the basis for the on-site plan and the two plans therefore complement each other. The roles of the various parties that may be involved in the implementation of an

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 198 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

off-site plan are described below. The responsibility for the off-site plan will be likely to rest either with the works management or with the local authority.

Either way, the plan identifies an emergency coordinating officer who would take overall command of the off-site activities. Consideration of evacuation includes the following factors:

 In the case of a major fire but without explosion risk (e.g. an oil storage tank), only houses close to the fire are likely to need evacuation  If fire is escalating very fast it is necessary to evacuate people nearby as soon as possible.  In acute emergency people are advised to stay indoors and shield themselves from the fire.

7.5.3.6.1 Organization Organizational details of command structure, warning systems, implementation procedures, emergency control centres include name and appointments of incident controller, site main controller, their deputies and other key personnel involved during emergency.

7.5.3.6.2 Communications Identification of personnel involved, communication centre, call signs, network, list of telephone numbers. 7.5.3.6.3 Special Emergency Equipment Details of availability and location of heavy lifting gear, specified fire-fighting equipment, etc. 7.5.3.6.4 Voluntary Organizations Details of Voluntary organizations, telephone numbers nearby of hospitals, Emergency helpline, resources etc to be available with chief authorities. 7.5.3.6.5 Non-government Organizations (NGO) NGO’s could provide a valuable source of expertise and information to support emergency response efforts. Members of NGOs could assist response personnel by performing specified tasks, as planned during the emergency planning process.  Evacuation of personnel from the affected area  Arrangements at rallying posts and parking yards  Rehabilitation of evacuated persons. 7.5.3.6.6 Chemical information Details of the hazardous substances (MSDS information) and a summary of the risks associated with them are to be made available at respective site. 7.5.3.6.7 Meteorological information There is to be arrangements for obtaining details of weather conditions prevailing at, before the time of incident and weather forecasts updates. M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 199 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

7.5.3.6.8 Humanitarian Arrangements Transport, evacuation centres, emergency feeding, treatment of injured, first aid, ambulances, temporary mortuaries. 7.5.3.6.9 Public Information  Dealing with the media-press office  Informing relatives, etc. 7.5.3.6.10 Assessment  Collecting information on the causes of the emergency  Reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of the emergency plan. 7.5.3.6.11 Role of local authority Local Authorities like Panchayat, Sabha, Samity, municipalities can help in combating emergency situation after assessing the impact scenario in rescue phase. 7.5.3.6.12 Role of police The police are to assist in controlling of the incident site, organizing evacuation and removing of any seriously injured people to hospitals.  Co-ordination with the transport authorities, civil defence and home guards  Co-ordination with army, navy, air force and state fire services  Arrange for post mortem of dead bodies  Establish communication centre with easy contact with Head-EHS 7.5.3.6.13 Role of Fire Brigade The fire brigade is to be organized to put out fires and provide assistance as required during emergency. 7.5.3.6.14 Media  The media is to have ready and continuous access to designated officials with relevant information, as well as to other sources in order to provide essential and accurate information to public throughout the emergency and to avoid commotion and confusion.  Efforts are made to check the clarity and reliability of information as it becomes available, and before it is communicated to public.  Public health authorities are consulted when issuing statements to the media concerning health aspects of chemical incidents.  Members of the media are to facilitate response efforts by providing means for informing the public with credible information about incidents involving hazardous substances. 7.5.3.6.15 Role of health care authorities  Hospitals and doctors must be ready to treat all type of injuries to causalities during emergency.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 200 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 7 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

 Co-ordinate the activities of Primary Health Centres and Municipal Dispensaries to ensure required quantities of drugs and equipments.  Securing assistance of medical and paramedical personnel from nearby hospitals/institutions.  Temporary mortuary and identification of dead bodies. 7.5.4 Conclusion It has concluded that there will be no major risk involved due to proposed expansion project. Suitable Risk Control Measures with respect to Risk Assessment have been/will be implemented to minimize the risk to an acceptable level. Regular Training, Implementation of SOPs and compliance of relevant Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPEs) shall help to minimize the health hazards and incidental casualties. So, it is safe to say that there will be no major risk involved due to the expansion project.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 201 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit : Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 8 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

CHAPTER- 8 PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 INTRODUCTION M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. (UTCL) is a flagship company of Aditya Birla Group. The company is conscious of its obligations to society at large. The company is conscious of its obligations to society at large. The company is engaged in carrying out various CSR activities at its already set up units in different parts of India. The company is active in overall socio-economic development of the area and will undertake socio-economic developmental activities for the benefit of the locals.

8.2 PROMOTION OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC STATUS The beneficial aspects of the projects on the socio-economic environment of the area are in the areas of employment, service, trade, commerce, public utility, literacy, social awareness, health care facilities, recreation etc. Corporate Social Responsibility is an area highlighting the role that enterprises can play in supporting employment and local communities.

UTCL will contribute substantially to the overall economy and social development of the area through Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) activities.

The operation zone of the ESC activities for the proposed enhancement project will be extended to the nearby villages of project site. The company will propose plans to supplement the existing governmental programs among the local population. Environmental awareness will be created among people by organizing awareness camps. Developmental activities will be carried out keeping sustainable development in mind.

UTCL’s Vision "To actively contribute to the social and economic development of the communities in which we operate. In doing so, build a better, sustainable way of life for the weaker sections of society and raise the country's human development index.”

Major areas undertaken by UltraTech Cement Limited under ESC activities have been shown below-  Infrastructure Development  Health & Family Welfare

 Education Focus Areas  Sustainable Development & Livelihood  Social Empowerment

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 202 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 8 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

8.3 ESC ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY ULTRATECH CEMENT LIMITED Various activities carried out under ESC by UltraTech Cement Limited after took over Jaypee Cement Corporation from July to December, 2014 with expenditure occurred & targeted beneficiaries are as follows:

Expenditure Program/ Activity Beneficiary (HH) Village (Nos.) (Rs. in Lakh)

Infrastructure Development 1.42 211 4

Health & Family Welfare 25.95 11716 12

Education 11.69 280 7

Drinking Water Supply to 2.32 564 1 nearby villages

Social Empowerment 0.21 52 5

TOTAL 41.59 12823 29

Hospital in Township for Villagers Indoor beds

Mobile Clinic Van Mobile Cardiac Care unit for Public

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 203 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 8 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

Sardar Patel Vidyalaya Mango farm at Sewagram

Blanket distribution to Poor Infrastructure Development

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 204 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works) Proposed Expansion of Clinkerization Plant (4.0 to 8.0 MTPA) along with Captive Power Plant (55 to 16o MW) At Village - Vayor, Taluka- Abdasa, District - Kutch (Gujarat) Chapter - 8 of Draft EIA / EMP Report

8.4 PROPOSED ACTION PLAN FOR ESC ACTIVITIES

Projects will be implemented based on community priorities and with significant local contributions. Important areas identified through socio-economic survey will be considered under ESC activities. This approach will strengthen the groups, empower the members. The company has proposed to spend 0.25% of the total project cost under ESC activities as per office memorandum dated 01 st may, 2018 of MoEFCC in phased manner on the basis of following heads for which detailed action plan for the activities along with the budgetary allocation will be prepared on the basis of issues/needs/suggestion of local people during public hearing:  Infrastructure Development  Health & Family Welfare  Education  Sustainable Development & Livelihood  Social Empowerment

8.5 CONCLUSION M/s. UltraTech Cement Ltd. has generated a fair amount of direct and indirect employment in the study region. The local economy has received a boost due to employee spending and services generated by the company. The overall effect has improved the buying power of employees and thus a higher standard of living viz. better education, improved health and sanitation facilities, housing etc. This is envisaged as a major positive benefit, which will ultimately lead to the sustainable development of the region.

M/s. UltraTech Cement Limited 205 J.M. EnviroNet Pvt. Ltd. (Unit- Sewagram Cement Works)