Den Granskande Makten

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Den Granskande Makten Doktorsavhandlingar från JMK 47 Den granskande makten Den granskande makten Institutionell identitet och rättsnarrativ i SVT:s Uppdrag granskning Magnus Danielson ©Magnus Danielson, Stockholms universitet 2016 ISSN 1102-3015 ISBN tryckt 978-91-7649-519-3 ISBN PDF 978-91-7649-520-9 Tryckeri: Holmbergs, Malmö 2016 Distributör: Publit ”Min uppgift är att hålla upp en spe- gel i vilken de mäktiga kan se sin egen makt” - Ai Weiwei, kinesisk konstnär, skulptör och arkitekt Innehåll Förord ........................................................................................................................................... 13 1. Inledning, bakgrund och syfte .............................................................................................. 15 Några historiska perspektiv ....................................................................................................................... 17 Granskande journalistik i ett genreperspektiv ......................................................................................... 21 SVT och svensk Public Service................................................................................................................. 24 Uppdrag granskning – en presentation ........................................................................................................ 26 Position i medielandskapet ................................................................................................................. 26 Programformat .................................................................................................................................... 27 Egenbeskriven journalistisk inriktning .............................................................................................. 28 Kritik i andra medier och program .................................................................................................... 30 Syfte och frågeställningar .......................................................................................................................... 32 Avgränsningar ............................................................................................................................................. 33 Disposition .................................................................................................................................................. 34 2. Granskning som norm, ideologi och metod ...................................................................... 37 Normativa aspekter på granskningsuppdraget ........................................................................................ 37 Socialt kontrakt och social förhandling ............................................................................................. 39 Granskningsuppdraget som ideologi ................................................................................................. 41 Tidigare forskning om granskande journalistik ....................................................................................... 43 Berättandets och reportrarnas centrala roll ............................................................................................. 48 Falska förespeglingar och dold kamera som metod ............................................................................... 50 Den ansvarsutkrävande intervjun ............................................................................................................. 52 Expertrollen i journalistiken ...................................................................................................................... 53 Granskande journalistik som moralkonstruktion ................................................................................... 54 Sammanfattning.......................................................................................................................................... 55 3. Ett institutionellt och rättsnarrativt perspektiv ................................................................. 57 Granskning som teoretiskt ramverk ......................................................................................................... 57 Social institution ......................................................................................................................................... 60 Journalistik som institution................................................................................................................. 61 Maktteoretiska begrepp ............................................................................................................................. 63 Allmänna maktanalytiska begrepp ..................................................................................................... 63 Medier och makt .................................................................................................................................. 66 Makt och legitimitet ................................................................................................................................... 70 Rättsteoretiska och sociologiska perspektiv ............................................................................................ 73 Narrativ teori .............................................................................................................................................. 78 Narrativ och identitet .......................................................................................................................... 79 Rättsnarrativ ......................................................................................................................................... 80 TV-mediets koder och semiotik ............................................................................................................... 81 Sammanfattning.......................................................................................................................................... 82 4. Metoder och metodologi ....................................................................................................... 84 Multimetodologisk forskning .................................................................................................................... 84 Fallstudie ..................................................................................................................................................... 85 Kvantitativ innehållsanalys ........................................................................................................................ 87 Metodbeskrivning ................................................................................................................................ 87 Metodens tillämpning.......................................................................................................................... 88 Abduktion – att analysera ”något som något annat” ............................................................................. 90 Narrativanalys ............................................................................................................................................. 91 Material och urval ................................................................................................................................ 92 Metodbeskrivning och tillämpning .................................................................................................... 94 Semi-strukturerade intervjuer ................................................................................................................. 100 Metodbeskrivning – insamlingsmetod och analysmetod ............................................................. 101 Validitet och reliabilitet ........................................................................................................................... 102 5. Vad och vilka granskas? ....................................................................................................... 105 Inslag, reportage och program ............................................................................................................... 105 Granskningsområden ....................................................................................................................... 111 Omfattningen av dolda inspelningar .............................................................................................. 115 Intervjupersoner ...................................................................................................................................... 117 Vilka granskas och var verkar de? ................................................................................................... 117 Vad är det för fel på dem? ............................................................................................................... 122 Vilka är experterna/kommentatorerna? ......................................................................................... 123 Sammanfattning....................................................................................................................................... 126 6. Missförhållanden definieras och dimensioneras .............................................................. 128 Ratande av elever – en flerdimensionell missgärning .......................................................................... 128 Glorian på sned – Pär Johanssons karaktärsskuld ............................................................................... 134 Leksands kommun – när hockeyintresse blir maktmissbruk .............................................................
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