"Index." Beyond Black: Celebrity and Race in Obama’S America
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Cashmore, Ellis. "Index." Beyond Black: Celebrity and Race in Obama’s America. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2012. 159–169. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 24 Sep. 2021. <>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 24 September 2021, 03:26 UTC. Copyright © Ellis Cashmore 2012. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. Index 8 Mile (fi lm) 109 Andrews, David L. 112, 113, 115, 9/11: effect on African Americans 29 118, 123 50 Cent 109, 135 anti-slavery movement 138 Armstrong, Louis 102–3 Abt, Vicki 40–1 Arogundade, Ben 136 Adams, Guy 109 Atlantic/Stax 106 Adamson, Allen 65 Aubry, Timothy 43 advertising Audacity of Hope, The (Obama) 33 and African Americans 60, 92 ‘authentic’ black culture 132 on MTV 61, 62, 64–5 authenticity 135 Nike 112, 113 Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, PepsiCo 116 The (Gainer) 36 and sports 113 Advertising and Popular Culture Baaith, Rasheed Z. 114 (Fowles) 37 Baartman, Saartjie 73 affi rmative action 33 Bad (Jackson) 64, 126 African Americans Badham, John 61 and advertising 60, 92 Bail, Matt 33 celebrities 1–2 Baker, Josephine 81, 136 as consumers 6–7 Baldwin, James 110, 138, 146 education 48–9, 140 Banks, Tyra 7, 85–96 employment 141–2 America’s Next Top Model as entertainers 6 (ANTM) 88 generational differences 33–4 appeal of 93–4 health 142 business enterprises 88, 89 housing 141 career 87–8 inequalities 140–2, 145–6 colorblind society 96 in jobless ghettos 141 as consumer 91–2 and Katrina 23–4 early life 86 Obama, Barack 133 individualism 95 poverty 141 and Oprah 88, 89–90 prisoners 140–1 television 88–91 spatial segregation 141 transformations 89, 90–1, 94–5 sport 8–9 Tyra 88 successful 3 and Washington, Jewel Ciera 85 term as label 89, 131 Barnum, Phineas Taylor 72–3 women 135 Barrow, Jamal ‘Shyne’ 97 see also blacks Basil, Michael 36 Alexander, Michelle 140–1 Bauman, Zygmunt 146 Allen, Theodore 138 Bean, Frank D. 18 American dream 50 Beeching, Barbara J. 78–9 America’s Next Top Model (ANTM) Bell, Christopher E. 18 (tv show) 88 Bell Curve, The (Herrnstein and AmeriKKKa’s Most Wanted (Ice Cube) 108 Murray) 52 Amos ‘n’ Andy Show, The 56 Bell, Patricia A. 46 159 BBook.indbook.indb 115959 114/06/124/06/12 44:14:14 PMPM 160 INDEX Bennett, Lerone 138 ‘Black Patti’ (Matilda Sissieretta Jones) Bennett, William J. 107 77–8 Berry, Halle 125 black performers 5–7, 72–84 cultural authority 134 diffi culties for 80–2 ethnicity 133 dilemma of 82–4 ‘one-drop rule’ 132, 133 history in America 72–84 Beulah 56, 81, 82–3, 137 and identity 76 Beyoncé 19, 136–7 skin lightening 136 Bielitz, Sara 137 ‘Black Snake Moan’ (Jefferson) 102 Big Doll House (fi lm) 125 black sportsmen see sport Bill Cosby Show, The 13–14 Black Swan Phonograph Company 102 ‘Billie Jean’ (Jackson): on MTV 58, 63 blackness ‘birthers’ 22 concept of 139 ‘black’ death of 136–46 Dickerson defi nition 14 blacks Obama, Barack 27 and consumerism 92, 94 black demeanor 73, 74 as a commodity 128–9 middle class 59–60 as a label 133–4 and white guilt 26 black actors see black performers; fi lm whites’ fascination with 72–3, 74, 75, industry 76, 77 black artists whites’ perception of 144 on MTV 58, 60, 62, 63 see also African Americans whites covering 103–4 Blade (fi lm) 126 black athletes see sport Blakeley, Kiri 88 Black Bourgeoisie (Franklin) 18 ‘Blame the Poor’ tour (Bill Cosby) 53 Black, Brown and Beige (Ellington) 80 blaxploitation cinema 127, 128–9 black celebrities 140, 144–5 blues impact of 145 expropriation by whites 103–4 Nike and 112 music 101–2 as political fi gures 1–2, 9 and record industry 102 and racial issues 137–8 white musicians 103 skin color 136–7 Body and Soul (fi lm) 78 see also celebrity Bodyguard, The (fi lm) 130 black congeniality 135 Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo 25 black consumers 6–7, 18–19, 21 Boskin, Joseph 74 Black Culture and Black Consciousness Bourgeoisie Noire (Franklin Frazier) 18 (Levine) 101 Bowdre, Karen 135 black culture, commodifi cation of 115, Boyz N the Hood (fi lm) 129, 135 120, 128–9 Bradley, David 32 black education 48–9, 140 Branchik, Blaine J. 92 black identity and rap 98 Brentson, Jackie 104 Black Image in the White Mind, The Brindle, Buzz 62, 63 (Frederickson) 75 Bringing Down the House (tv show) 109 black men, media representation of 114 Bristor, Julia M. 136–7 black models 86 Broadus, Calvin (Snoop Dogg) 1, 98, ‘black music’ 1, 7–8 108, 109–10 Black or White (Jackson) 88 Brooklyn’s Finest (fi lm) 126 Black Panthers 27–8 Brown, Anthony L. 13 black parents: responsibility 53 Brown, James 107 BBook.indbook.indb 116060 114/06/124/06/12 44:14:14 PMPM INDEX 161 Brown, Keffrelyn D. 13 ‘commodifi cation of difference’ 128–9 Browner White, Pamela 46 commodities Bruce, Toni 139, 146 self-actualization through 44–5 Bryant, Kobe 118–20, 122–3 as status symbols 92, 93 Bubbling Over (fi lm) 83 ‘compensatory consumption’ 93 buffoonery and song 83 confrontation and rap 98 see also black performers consumer culture 6–7 Burnham, Linda 141 black consumers 7, 18–19 Bush, Alan J, 60, 92 and celebrity 19–21 Bush, George W. 23 hip-hop 109 Bynoe, Yvonne 26–7 consumerism Banks, Tyra 91–2 Cabin in the Sky (fi lm) 82, 102 and blacks 92, 93, 94 Cagney & Lacey (tv show) 48 and racism 92, 94 Campbell, Naomi 7, 86–7 Winfrey, Oprah 44–5 Cannibal Culture (Root) 128 ‘Conversations with Cosby’ 53 Caplovitz, David 21, 93 cool: music 103 carnival barkers 11 Cosby, Bill 4–5, 13–14, 46–57 Catch-22 (Heller) 142 black education 48–9 celebrity early life 47 and consumer culture 19–21 The Emperor’s New Clothes 54 lifestyle 18–19 individualism 54 and race 136–46 and Obama’s election 47, 49 see also black celebrities personal responsibility 49, 53 celebrity culture 18–19 Cosby Show, The 47–8, 49, 54–5 Chandler, Jordy and Michael Jackson 67 importance of 51 Charles, Ray 105–6 and racial issues 50–1 Chavez, Linda 26 credibility, political 36–7 Chawla, Sushi 36–7 Cross, Theodore 29–30 Chic 2, 59, 107 crossover music: Motown 105 Chicago 27–8 Crosstown Traffi c (Murray, Charles Ciroc 109 Shaar) 105 Civil Rights Act (1964) 25, 104 Crudup, Arthur ‘Big Boy’ 103 civil unrest 55 Cry Freedom (fi lm) 14 Clark, Kenneth Bancroft 136 cultural authority 131, 134 Clark, Mamie Phipps 136 Cuvier, Georges 73 Classic Ellington (Rattle) 82 Clinton, Bill 30 Dagbovie, Pero Gaglo 100, 101, 123 Clinton, Hillary Rodham 30, 36–7 Dagbovie, Sika Alaine 137 Clique, The (fi lm) 88 ‘Dancing in the street’ 104 Cohen, Harvey G. 80 Dandridge, Dorothy 82 Cole, Nat King 105 Davis, James Earl 48 Color Purple, The (fi lm) 130 Davis, Miles 102 colorblind society 15–16, 85–6, 96 Davis, Vincent 103 Combs, Sean (Diddy, P.) 97, 109, 110, death of blackness 136–46 144 Delta Kings 104 Come On, People (Cosby and Poussaint) Denton, Nancy 141 54 DeParle, Jason 23, 29 commodifi cation of black culture 115, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5 120, 128–9 (Jackson 5) 58 BBook.indbook.indb 116161 114/06/124/06/12 44:14:14 PMPM 162 INDEX Dickerson, Debra J. 27 Smith, Will 9, 125, 127, 134 Diddy, P. (Puffy, Sean Combs, Sean John, Snipes, Wesley 9, 125–6, 126, Swag) 97, 109, 110, 144 129, 134 Dietrich, David 25 superheroes 125–6 Dilemma of the Negro Actor, The see also black performers (Muse) 83 Fiore, Douglas J. 12–13 Dire Straits 65 Fiske, John 46 disco music 107 Fletcher, Bill 141 Do the Right Thing (fi lm) 40, 129 folk music 101–2 dogfi ghting 111 Forsyte County, Georgia, Oprah in 39 Doggumentary (Snoop Dogg) 1 Foster Davis, Judy 92 Doggystyle (Snoop Dogg) 1 Fowles, Jib 37 doll experiment 136 Foy, Joelyn Katherine 140 ‘Don’t stop ’til you get enough’ Franklin Frazier, E. 18 (Jackson), 107 Frederickson, George M. 75 Driving Miss Daisy (fi lm) 40 Freed, Alan 103 Du Bois, W. E. B. 79, 102 Freeman, Edward Augustus 138 Duke Ellington 79–80 Freeman, Hadley 39 Duke, Lynne 26 Freeman, Morgan 40 Dyson, Michael Eric 53, 54, 57 Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, The (tv show) 125 Edelstein, Eric 28 Frisby, Cynthia M. 142 education: African Americans 140 ‘Fuck tha Police’ (NWA) 98, 135 and Cosby, Bill 48–9 Fuller, Jennifer 47, 62 election, racial issues during 23 Fuller, Linda K. 54–5 Eminem (Marshall Mathers) 108, 109 funk music 60 employment: African Americans 141–2 Fuqua, Antoine 126 ‘enlightened racism’ 49–50 entertainment 1–7 Gainer, Ernest J. 36 and politics 11–12 Gamble, Kenny 107 see also black actors; black gangstas 97–8, 117–18 performers; television ghettocentric logic 110, 115, 118, Epic label 59 120, 122–3 Esposito, Jennifer 139, 145 hip-hop 8, 14, 20–1, 99–100, exploitation: talkshows 41 107–10, 135 exploiting difference 137 rap 1, 7–8, 97–8, 107–9, 115, 117–18 Eyes on the Prize (tv documentary) 17 Garland, Les 61, 63 Garvey, Marcus 102 Fast, Susan 68–9 Gaye, Marvin 106 Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids George, Nelson 103 (Cosby) 47 ghettocentric logic 110, 115, 118, 120, Feagin, Joe R.