Press
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Collective Intelligence in Citizen Science – a Study of Performers and Talkers
1 Collective Intelligence in Citizen Science – A Study of Performers and Talkers Ramine Tinati, Elena Simperl, Markus Luczak-Roesch, Max Van Kleek, Nigel Shadbolt, University of Southampton 1. INTRODUCTION Online citizen science can be seen as a form of collective intelligence Levy´ [1997] and Woolley et al. [2010] in which the wisdom of the crowd is applied to the Web to advance scientific knowledge [Prestop- nik and Crowston 2012] Thus far, online citizen science projects [Bonney et al. 2009] have applied millions of volunteers to solving problems in a wide array of scientific domains, ranging from the clas- sification of galaxies [Fortson et al. 2011] to the completion of protein folding networks [Khatib et al. 2011]. Central to many of these projects are online messaging or discussion facilities designed to allow volunteers to ask one another questions and advice. Such facilities have in many cases yielded sub- stantial, dedicated self-sustaining online communities. In this paper, we examine participation in such communities; specifically, whether participation in online discussion influences task completion within and across 10 distinct projects of a shared citizen science platform, the Zooniverse1. Our study was conducted on a dataset from December 2009 to July 2013, in which 250; 000 users contributed over 50 million tasks and 650; 000 discussion posts. 2. RELATED WORK The hybrid nature of online citizen science, as part Web-based community and part crowdsourcing exercise, places at the intersection of several important research disciplines, including data analysis, social computing, and collective intelligence. In this section we will give a brief overview of key works in these areas, which have informed our analysis. -
Knowledge Representation Or Misrepresentation Kieron O'hara
Ontologies and Technologies: Knowledge Representation or Misrepresentation Kieron O’Hara Intelligence, Agents, Multimedia Group School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ United Kingdom [email protected] The development of the Semantic Web (SW) raises a number of difficult and interesting technical issues. Less often remarked, however, are the social and political debates that it will engender, if and when the technologies become widely accepted. As the SW is a technology for transferring information and knowledge efficiently and effectively, then many of these questions have an epistemological base. In this paper I want to focus especially on the epistemological underpinnings of these social issues, to think about the interaction between the epistemological and the political. How does technology affect the social networks in which it is embedded? How can technology be successfully transplanted into a new context? And, perhaps most importantly for us, how is technology affected by its context? In particular, I want to look at how our decisions about how we treat knowledge can impact quite dramatically on the technologies we produce. Let us begin with a familiar diagram, the layered view of the SW developed in the very early stages by Tim Berners-Lee and colleagues (Figure 1). Knowledge of different types is separated out (ontologies appearning in the middle). And by making this separation, we can see how the semanticity of the Semantic Web comes about. The technical machinery of Unicode and URIs appears at the bottom; XML can be used to tell the computer what objects this code is concerned with. -
The Engineering Council 2002 to 2010
The Engineering Council 2002 to 2010 A Review by Andrew Ramsay MA CEng FCIS Contents Foreword 3 Prologue 5 The Early Days of ECUK 7 Year by Year 15 International Recognition 30 Annex A: Timeline 41 Annex B: SARTOR 3 42 Annex C: Incorporated Engineer Title – a Summary 44 Engineering Council Board 2002 to 2010 46 PEIs 2002 and 2010 48 List of Acronyms 49 Index 51 Acknowledgements 55 Page | 2 Foreword This review of the progress of the Engineering Council offers an inevitably personal view of issues, events and people who contributed to what must be judged as a successful period. However, while the Engineering Council is never itself going to be the UK engineering profession, it certainly moved towards a more central and less controversial position in its work and profile during this time. I am indebted to the detailed and lucid account of the earlier years of the Engineering Council written by Colin Chapman and Professor Jack Levy. Entitled Chronicle: An Engine for Change, this was published by the Engineering Council in 2004 and at the time of writing is still available on their website (shortcut link http://bit.ly/IY4ZLf ). However, for the shorter timeframe of this review I have adopted a less episodic structure than that of the Chronicle. It seemed to me that the extraordinary events that led up to creation of a “new regulatory body” in 2002, and in the 21 months that followed, deserved particular examination. Similarly, the way in which the Council was able to influence important developments in international recognition of UK-registered engineers can only really be understood in a continuous narrative – hence a separate section for this. -
The Semantic Web Revisited
The Semantic Web Revisited Nigel Shadbolt Tim Berners-Lee Wendy Hall Today´sweb • It is designed for human consumption • Information retrieval is mainly supported by keyword-based search engines • Some problems with information retrieval: – High recall, low precision – Low or no recall – Results are highly sensitive to vocabulary – no integration of multiple sites – results restricted to single pages ⇒ Web content is not machine-proccessable and computers cannot understand and interpret the contents Semantic Web • An evolving extension of World Wide Web in which web content can be expressed not only in natural language, but also in a format that can be read and used by software agents, thus permitting them to find, share and integrate information more easily. • Proposed by W3C(World Wide Web Consortium) Chairman T.Berners Lee For example : Plan a trip to Boston Current Web Use search engine to list airlines. Check each airline for suitable flights with cheapest price, and decide the airline company. Make a reservation. Use search engine to list hotels at Boston. Check each hotel, decide the hotel and make a reservation. Print out the information about flight, and hotel. Semantic Web Ask to list available flights to Boston for any airline with low price. Pick one and it automatically reserve the flight. Then, it automatically search hotels at Boston which is convenient for the business. Pick one and it automatically reserve the hotel. All the information is put into your handheld device. It may also put restaurant phone numbers and other -
Understanding the Semantics of Ambiguous Tags in Folksonomies
View metadata,citationandsimilarpapersatcore.ac.uk The 6 th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2007) International Workshop on Emergent Semantics and Ontology Evolution Understanding the Semantics of Ambiguous Tags in Folksonomies Ching-man Au Yeung, Nicholas Gibbins, Nigel Shadbolt brought toyouby provided by e-Prints Soton CORE Overview • Background (Collaborative tagging systems, folksonomies) • Mutual contextualization in folksonomies • Semantics of tags • Discussions • Conclusion and Future Work • Recent Development Understanding the Semantics of Ambiguous Tags in Folksonomies – C.M. Au Yeung, N. Gibbins, N. Shadbolt Background • Collaborative tagging systems and folksonomies Understanding the Semantics of Ambiguous Tags in Folksonomies – C.M. Au Yeung, N. Gibbins, N. Shadbolt Background • Examples of collaborative tagging systems http://del.icio.us/ http://b.hatena.ne.jp/ Understanding the Semantics of Ambiguous Tags in Folksonomies – C.M. Au Yeung, N. Gibbins, N. Shadbolt Background • Advantages [Adam 2004, Wu et al. 2006] • Freedom and flexibility • Quick adaptation to changes in vocabulary (e.g. ajax, youtube) • Convenience and serendipity • Disadvantages [Adam 2004, Wu et al. 2006] • Ambiguity (e.g. apple, sf, opera) • Lack of format (e.g. how multiword tags are handled) • Existence of synonyms (e.g. semweb, semanticweb, semantic_web) • Lack of semantics Understanding the Semantics of Ambiguous Tags in Folksonomies – C.M. Au Yeung, N. Gibbins, N. Shadbolt Mutual contextualization in folksonomies Are folksonomies really -
User-Induced Hyperlinks in Collaborative Tagging Systems
User-Induced Hyperlinks in Collaborative Tagging Systems ∗ Ching-man Au Yeung , Nicholas Gibbins, Nigel Shadbolt Intelligence, Agents, Multimedia Group School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom {cmay06r,nmg,nrs}@ecs.soton.ac.uk ABSTRACT means that very often only the author of a hypertext docu- This poster describes our study of user-induced hyperlinks ment can decide to which other documents this one can link found in folksonomies using association rule mining algo- to. While the authors' decision may be necessary when hy- rithms. We compare these induced hyperlinks with existing perlinks are created for navigation within a particular Web hyperlinks found among the same set of documents. Our site, it is conceivable that such author-created hyperlinks experiments show that user-induced hyperlinks are very dif- may not be adequate from the perspective of the readers. ferent in nature from existing hyperlinks. They tend to con- For example, the author may not be aware of some Web nect documents from different domains and documents that documents that are highly relevant, and thus fail to create are highly related to each other as judged by the similarity hyperlinks to them. It may also because that some highly between the tags assigned to them. Our study suggests that relevant documents are created by rivals of the author and user-induced hyperlinks in collaborative tagging systems are they may be competing to attract more readers. In this case very valuable in complementing the existing link structure a hyperlink between these documents are not likely to exist. -
Landscape Venue Method Libraries
Scholarly information flow LLaannddssccaappee mid 1990s Venue Method Libraries The 2003 OCLC Environmental Scan Research & Learning Landscape, pg. 66 a m a ix Scholarly information flow nd of d pa LLaannddssccaappee mid 1990s igita pe l r Venue Method Libraries Scholarly information flow LLaannddssccaappee mid 1990s Venue Method Libraries Scholarly information flow predicted (hoped for) 2003 normalization of content aggregation & mgmt NNooww ...... NNooww ...... NNooww ...... NNooww ...... NNooww ...... Ntl Cntr for Biotech Info NSF CyberInfrastructure quake engineering simulation NNooww ...... Ntl Cntr for Biotech Info NSF CyberInfrastructure quake engineering simulation NNooww ...... 6 ATLAS at LHC -- 150*10 sensors Ntl Cntr for Biotech Info NSF CyberInfrastructure quake engineering simulation Google Books nonconsumptive research corpus NNooww ...... 6 ATLAS at LHC -- 150*10 sensors Ntl Cntr for Biotech Info NSF CyberInfrastructure quake engineering simulation LLaannddssccaappee VVeennueue Method Libraries LLaannddssccaappee VVeennueue Method Libraries internet LLaannddssccaappee VVeennueue web of Method pages internet wweebb LLaannddssccaappee of of VVeennueue ddaattaa web of Method pages internet Each and every type of content has its own stovepipe system for discovery, metadata & access for example: BBooookkss d word & phrase i s c indexes o v e shaped to the r data elements y found in MARC m e MARC, MODS t a d tuned to the a t characteristics a of books ILS item a c inventory c e s structured to s manage physical volumes A map of the separate stovepipes includes A map of the separate stovepipes includes 1) content books faculty MARC images, journal statistical data MODS archives etc. e.g. Menuez articles Data Documentation Self-Archiving geospatial data Visual Resources Assoc. -
Download PDF 137.79 KB
KI Special Issue Social Media (version as of Oct 29, 2012) Interview with Jim Hendler on Social Media and Collective Intelligence Panagiotis Takis Metaxas James A. Hendler ((**max 180 words)) James Hendler is the Tetherless World Professor of Computer and Cognitive Science and the Head of the Computer Science Department at RPI. He also serves as a Director of the UK’s charitable Web Science Trust and is a visiting Professor at DeMontfort University in Leicester, UK. Hendler has authored about 200 technical papers in the areas of Semantic Web, artificial intelligence, agent-based computing and high performance processing. One of the early “Semantic Web” innovators, Hendler is a Fellow of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, the British Computer Society, the IEEE and the AAAS. In 2010, Hendler was named one of the 20 most innovative professors in America by Playboy magazine and was selected as an “Internet Web Expert” by the US government. He is the Editor-in-Chief emeritus of IEEE Intelligent Systems and is the first computer scientist to serve on the Board of Reviewing Editors for Science. Hendler was the recipient of a 2012 Strata Conference Data Innovation Award for his work in Open Government Data. KI: We see a very broad interpretation of Social Media these days. How do you define Social Media? In the real world people form communities of various kinds that are bound together by social relationships – those relationships are the real-world “social networks” that social-networking sites rely on. Personally, I see social media as the online means for realizing, extending, maintaining, etc. -
Szomszor ISWC2008.Pdf
Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Semantic modelling of user interests based on cross-folksonomy analysis Conference or Workshop Item How to cite: Szomszor, Martin; Alani, Harith; Cantador, Ivan; O’Hara, Kieron and Shadbolt, Nigel (2008). Semantic modelling of user interests based on cross-folksonomy analysis. In: 7th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), 26-30 Oct 2008, Karlsruhe, Germany, pp. 632–648. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2008 The Authors Version: Accepted Manuscript Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88564-140 http://iswc2008.semanticweb.org/ Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk Semantic Modelling of User Interests Based on Cross-Folksonomy Analysis Martin Szomszor1, Harith Alani1, Ivan Cantador2, Kieron O’Hara1, and Nigel Shadbolt1 1 Intelligence, Agents, Multimedia School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton, Southampton, UK {mns03r,h.alani,kmo,nrs}@ecs.soton.ac.uk 2 Escuela Politcnica Superior Universidad Autnoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain [email protected] Abstract. The continued increase in Web usage, in particular participation in folk- sonomies, reveals a trend towards a more dynamic and interactive Web where in- dividuals can organise and share resources. Tagging has emerged as the de-facto standard for the organisation of such resources, providing a versatile and reactive knowledge management mechanism that users find easy to use and understand. -
FCA-Based Conceptual Knowledge Discovery in Folksonomy
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Computer and Information Engineering Vol:3, No:5, 2009 FCA-based conceptual knowledge discovery in Folksonomy Yu-Kyung Kang, Suk-Hyung Hwang, Kyoung-Mo Yang folksonomy that is the user-driven and bottom-up approach to Abstract² The tagging data of (users, tags and resources) organizing and classifying information. Tagging data stored in constitutes a folksonomy that is the user-driven and bottom-up the folksonomy include a lot of very useful information and approach to organizing and classifying information on the Web. knowledge. Tagging data stored in the folksonomy include a lot of very useful Many researchers[1-4] have been trying to mine useful information and knowledge. However, appropriate approach for analyzing tagging data and discovering hidden knowledge from them knowledge out of the tagging data on the collaborative tagging still remains one of the main problems on the folksonomy mining systems. Ching-man Au Yeung et al.[1] proposed cluster researches. In this paper, we have proposed a folksonomy data mining analysis approach for understanding the semantics of approach based on FCA for discovering hidden knowledge easily from ambiguous tags in folksonomies based on bipartite graph. Scott folksonomy. Also we have demonstrated how our proposed approach A. Golder et al.[2] suggested a method for extracting usage can be applied in the collaborative tagging system through our patterns from collaborative tagging systems. Suk-Hyung experiment. Our proposed approach can be applied to some interesting areas such as social network analysis, semantic web mining and so on. Hwang et al.[3] proposed an approach for applying hierarchical classes analysis to triadic data for extracting and discovering Keywords² Folksonomy Data Mining, Formal Concept Analysis, useful information from folksonomies. -
ABET 2009 Annual Report for Fiscal Year 2008
The People at the Heart of ABET Accreditation 2009 Annual Report for Fiscal Year 2008-2009 Table of Contents ABET at a Glance . Page 2 The People of ABET . Page 6 Executive Letter . Page 7 A Legacy of Leadership . Page 8 Q&A with Dr . Michael Milligan . Page 9 The People at the Heart of ABET Accreditation . Page 12 Highlights of the Year . Page 16 ABET Accreditation Council . Page 19 ASAC Commission . Page 21 CAC Commission . Page 23 EAC Commission . Page 25 TAC Commission . Page 27 Industry Advisory Council . Page 29 International Activities Council . Page 31 Financial Highlights . Page 33 Notes to Financial Statements . Page 36 Statistics . Page 38 ABET Board of Directors . Page 46 Team Chairs . Page 47 2008-2009 Program Evaluators . Page 49 ABET Professional Staff . Page 57 Fellows of ABET . Page 58 Linton E . Grinter Award . Page 59 President’s Awards for Diversity . Page 60 Who’s Who on Our Covers . Page 61 2009 ABET Annual Report ABET at a Glance ABET is… n The global gold standard in professional technical education accreditation . n The recognized accreditor for applied science, computing, engineering, and technology programs . n A federation of 30 professional technical societies that represent “the professions .” (See page 3 .) n A 501(c) 3 nonprofit staffed by 34 full- and part-time employees and over 1,500 volunteers . ABET’s Vision ABET will provide world leadership in assuring quality and in stimulating innovation in applied science, computing, engineering, and technology education . ABET’s Mission ABET serves the public through the promotion and advancement of education in applied science, computing, engineering, and technology . -
Diapositive 1
Web Science : An Interdisciplinary Approach to Understanding The Web Presented by : Gregory Cardone (Master Toegepaste Informatica) Authors : James hendler, Nigel Shadbolt, Wendy Hall, Tim Berners-Lee, and Daniel Weitzner Content of presentation Introduction of the Web of today The Web is not perfect Why should we introduce a « Web Science » ? E-Learning Social Networking Web 3.0 Conclusion References Introduction of the Web of today Web : part of our daily life Seen as an entity Growing and evolving really fast (in terms of hardware and usage of the Web) Transparant (ask to a regular person if he knows how his web page is delivered to him) Application of the Internet (not as a « interconnection » of machines,...) A delivery vehicule of content,technical or social More and more for social computing (consulting,creating,sharing,...) The Web is not perfect Web is difficult to observe because of its evolution,growth and dynamicity No prediction,understanding of human behaviour No mapping of society and the Web No prediction of a Website « success » No methods for showing and developing Web applications that can evolve/change in the future Why should we introduce a « Web Science » ? The Web is an essential component today,but it ignores allot of properties to really fit the human society Often it is the society that has to adapt to the Web,and not the other way around Sometimes the Web can cause harm to people When developing a web application,there is a “general engineering process” for building it. The end result