SUSTAINABILITY AT UT AUSTIN

BUILDING A EQUITY, SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABLE ETHICS, CURRICULA CAMPUS ENGAGEMENT

SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABILITY FLOWS RESEARCH IN ACTION

HOSTED BY

PRESIDENT’S SUSTAINABILITY STEERING COMMITEE THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN

SPONSORS csd Center for Sustainable Development Sustainability on the UT Campus A Symposium

Editors: Barbara Brown Wilson, PhD Elizabeth A. Walsh

Copy Editor: Talitha May

Layout: Jeffrey McCord

Cover: Conner Bryan

Sponsored by:

President’s Sustainability Steering Committee

Office of Sustainability

Center for Sustainable Development

Campus Environmental Center

UT Energy Institute

Environmental Science Institute

Table of Contents Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium

Editor’s Note 5 Essays LEED for UT Austin’s Main Campus: An AGMBC Pilot Project 7 Lisa Storer Potential of Solar Power on the University of Texas Campus 9 Moulay Anwar Sounny-Slitine Clean and Green: Custodial Services’s Sustainable Cleaning Processes 17 Robert Moddrell and Corey Wright Game Day and Everyday: University of Texas Athletics Sustainability Program 21 Merrick MyCue Energy User Engagement on Campus 24 Riley Triggs Bringing Food Waste Composting to UT Austin 28 Meagan Jones

(Re)Framing Recycling 32 Gloria Lee

A Sustainable Mobility Space: A Theory and Principles to Guide Stewardship of the UT Campus 38 Table of Contents Alan Bush Improving Transportation Efficiency for Sustainable Society by Autonomous Traffic Management 43 Tsz-Chiu Au, Neda Shahidi, and Peter Stone Home Ecology: Renewing a Science for Environmental Justice 46 Elizabeth A. Walsh The Ethics of Systematic Conservation Planning: Trade-offs and Cooperation 52 David M. Frank Residential Sustainability: Constructing Design-Build, Sustainable, Student Housing Cooperatives for Education, Research, Service Learning, and Community Engagement 55 Christopher G. Rosales Economic and Environmental Sustainability Through Community Development in Rancho Vista 61 Elizabeth Fenner

UT as an Ecosystem 66 Introduction Julia Raish and Emily Manderson Irrigation System Improvements: UT Facilities Services 70 Laura Illanes How Algal Biofertilizers Can Accelerate Sustainable Agriculture 74 Rhykka Connelly Sustainable Places Project 81 Robert Paterson and Sarah Wu The University of Texas at Austin Solar Decathlon Houses 85 Michael Garrison Science and Sustainability in Practice: The EVS Program at UT Austin 91 Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Jay Banner and Deborah Salzberg Public Interest Design: Summer Course Series 94 Conner Bryan and Lauren Bennett Maximizing Social Impact: Where Social Innovation Meets Sustainability 100 Sachin D. Shah Additional Resources 104 Sponsors 104 Co-sponsors 107 Sustainability Related Programs, Centers, and Initiatives 108

Table of Contents Introduction Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Editor’s Note Introduction 5 celebration of who we are as a are of who we celebration Each community. campus sustainable authors the body of contributing year and sponsoring departments grows of the all members I challenge richer. to become find ways to UT community of these of one in the efforts involved initiatives, as well as a collection of as a collection as well initiatives, with the equity that grapple projects that are of sustainability challenges in mainstream ignored often all too With conversations. sustainability of the UT 65,000 members over it is impossible community, campus the rich tapestry represent fully to the to contributing of initiatives stewardship. collective University’s in this the essays However, through selected were compilation process peer review a competitive of important the array represent to our to contributing perspectives on expanding dialogue community’s to commitment and shaping UT’s sustainability. of the Office the efforts Thanks to the President’s of Sustainability, Committee, Steering Sustainability and the Campus Environmental a has become this event Center, campus-wide dynamic, interactive, innovation, and action on sustainability and action on sustainability innovation, itself, campus at many scales—the and planet. region, neighborhood, city, diverse reflect also The essays on the disciplinary perspectives of sustainability, challenges complex from of contributions with an array Engineering, School of the Cockrell the Law the School of Architecture, School of Public School, the LBJ Departments of Geography, Affairs, the Arts and Art History, Philosophy, Center, Johnson Wildflower Lady Bird Science and the Environmental The 2011 Symposium also Institute. some of the campus’ showcases educational innovative most outstanding efforts of faculty, staff, staff, of faculty, efforts outstanding sustainability advance to and students the continued to and contribute University. of this great excellence and in by the PSSC hosted Now the UT Campus year, its second Symposium again Sustainability the spectrum of celebrates champions in the UT sustainability students, are Not only community. all well-represented, faculty and staff, research, their reflect the essays Development convened a symposium convened Development Carbon Communities” in the on “Zero the During School of Architecture. of Director new the University’s event, challenged Jim Walker Sustainability about the conversation expand us to our departmental past sustainability it campus- boundaries and make his insightful accepted wide. We and, with guidance challenge, Sustainability the President’s from the 2010 (PSSC), Committee Steering the for a showcase became event and innovation in all aspects of and innovation all bear. that we life institutional more become events As climate scarce, more and resources prevalent our great like influential institutions, will play an increasingly University, innovative for search the in role critical challenges. global these solutions to our collective advance to In an effort of the built about the role knowledge in challenges, in these global world Sustainable for 2009 the UT Center There is a certain responsibility that responsibility is a certain There of University with donning The comes An internationally (UT) moniker. Texas and the public university respected of The University flagship institution its bold motto—what system, of Texas changes the world— here starts the entire to reminder as a serves of the significant community campus excellence pursue to responsibility Barbara Brown Wilson Brown Barbara Editor’s Note Editor’s Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Editor’s Note Introduction 6 Center for Sustainable Development Sustainable for Center School of Architecture at Austin of Texas The University Barbara Brown Wilson, PhD Brown Barbara What will your contribution be? contribution What will your that it warrants presentation at next next at presentation that it warrants event. year’s inspiring programs—or to begin begin to inspiring programs—or and original something so spectacular LEED for UT Austin’s Main Campus: Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 7 An AGMBC Pilot Project Management and Construction Management and Construction (PMCS), and John Mouritsen, Services Senior Resident Construction OFPC. The committee Manager for deliverables develop to was formed facilitate needed to and processes of high the design and construction February 2011. Because of the nature of the nature 2011. Because February with its centralized campus— of UT’s and chilled System Energy District as its unified as well supply, water which branch, Services Facilities of the as a steward serves essentially Main UT Austin’s built environment— be a perfect to Campus appeared Facilities fit, and the Sustainable in participate to decided Committee as a pilot program the LEED-AGMBC project. Facilities Sustainable The UT Austin is a collaborative (SFC) Committee begun in 2010 by various effort and at UT Austin organizations Facilities of Office UT System’s (OFPC), Planning and Construction by Bethany Trombley, chaired jointly Project Manager for Senior Project all future projects on campus in on campus projects all future New Construction or for Operations Operations or for Construction New campus- and Management through policies and wide sustainability earned through Credits procedures. and applied cached are this program for applying project any future to campus within the LEED certification boundaries. Facilities Sustainable The UT Austin the began investigating Committee campus- of attempting feasibility be applied to to wide LEED credits Green Building Council (USGBC) Green Guide for an Application released Buildings and On-Campus Multiple help to intended (AGMBC), Projects use LEED-2009, the teams project in of the Leadership version latest Design and Environmental Energy building standards, (LEED) green buildings on an existing certify to is one owner there where campus management property or common for allows The AGMBC and control. for earn LEED credits to campuses In October 2010, the United States States the United 2010, In October Office of Campus Planning & Facilities Management Facilities of Campus Planning & Office [email protected] Lisa Storer, M.Arch, LEED AP BD+C M.Arch, Lisa Storer, Staff LEED for UT Austin’s Main Campus: Main UT Austin’s LEED for Project Pilot An AGMBC LEED for UT Austin’s Main Campus: Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 8 An AGMBC Pilot Project LEED has been invaluable in exposing in exposing LEED has been invaluable policies and campus where areas be improved. can practices References Guide for 1. USGBC, 2010 LEED Application Building Buildings and On-Campus Multiple (USGBC, 2010), https://www.usgbc.org/ Projects ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=7987. Committee Facilities 2. Sustainable 2011), http://www.utexas.edu/ (SFC, website sustainability/greenbuilding. facilitates the long-term stewardship stewardship long-term the facilitates built environment. of UT Austin’s UT for effort The LEED-AGMBC the represents main campus Austin’s at streamlining attempt University’s and unfamiliar a somewhat with involved process cumbersome allowing on campus, construction consultants direct better the UT to certification LEED achieve and to The and expenditure. effort with less to be remain results final quantitative documentation seen, as the AGMBC in credit for be evaluated to is slated of appraising but the exercise October, toward the Main Campus with an eye the AGMBC effort will not achieve achieve will not effort the AGMBC at this time, but will be a any credits is regarding information, for reserve buildings on modeling for energy to As the USGBC intends campus. a LEED buildings for audit future certification, post years period of five and water their energy monitoring values, modeled usage against in accuracy ensure want to we models. Holding energy documented particular standards to consultants planning and accurate more for allows Smoking Policy to prohibit smoking prohibit to Smoking Policy feet of any building within twenty-five is the policy openings (currently which has made the LEED feet, twenty this prerequisite for documentation necessitating complicated, more 2007). signage on all buildings since we documentation, this In addition to as forming effort also see the AGMBC LEED directives for the framework design external for and standards where One example consultants. documented and focus on the density on the and focus documented the and walkability of UT Austin, and the of open spaces, availability of bus system—all public and campus projects for universal fairly which are main campus. within the UT Austin LEED stockpiling Besides simply also was effort the AGMBC credits, in the push help assist to intended The policy upgrades. sustainable for several on working is currently SFC improvements policy and standards including updating the Campus takes advantage of the same density, density, of the same advantage takes and open systems, transportation to pertain and those which spaces, recycling, policies, like campus-wide cleaning. green non-smoking, and which credits, Sites The Sustainable LEED points thirteen for will account any future for achieved already been have on campus, projects location of any project on campus is on campus of any project location and place within the same physical wide basis. The two types of credits types of credits wide basis. The two those were pursue to decided that we as the Sites, dealing with Sustainable all of the certified LEED projects at UT LEED projects all of the certified the practicality and examined Austin, of documenting them on a campus- campus boundary (in our case, over over boundary (in our case, campus evaluated We feet). 16 million square on been achieved that have the credits allows campuses to pick and choose to campuses allows and credits any LEED prerequisites be to have they apply, which to for within the area the entire to applicable credits. credits. program pilot the AGMBC While engineering consultants, as well as as well engineering consultants, the obtain to members, staff internal available for information necessary project on campus, effectively effectively on campus, project spent the time and effort reducing and architecture by both external AGMBC pilot program is an attempt at is an attempt program pilot AGMBC the LEED documentation streamlining construction any future for process intensive, with many organizations at with many organizations intensive, pieces of various UT having ownership by LEED. UT required of information in the LEED- participation Austin’s Services, to Utilities and Energy Utilities and Energy to Services, This Landscaping. Management, to and time- convoluted is often process are within the purview of numerous of numerous the purview within are ranging on campus, organizations and Transportation Parking from many project teams undertake the undertake teams many project of documenting process cumbersome and policies that practices standard Since 2007, all new buildings at UT 2007, all new Since be designed to required are Austin at rating meet a LEED Silver to obligation, of this minimum. Because the total cost of ownership for the for of ownership cost the total University. performance sustainable buildings buildings sustainable performance reduce to methods considering while Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Potential of Solar Power on the University of Texas Campus Essays 9 - production. Additionally, there there Additionally, production. among many campus is interest of in the development stakeholders Although the this solar potential. made solar have barriers economic on the UT Campus, infeasible energy in securing has worked the University collectors. This paper examines paper examines This collectors. on UT solar energy of the potential both the account into taking campus its to barriers social and economic is The solar potential development. models derived through determined Information GISc (Geographic from which techniques, Science) solar of raw analysis the incorporate assessment. feasibility with a potential analyzed of this model are The results of both the social with consideration widespread to barriers and economic solar adoption. on UT of Solar Development State Campus at Austin, of Texas The University has an Texas, in central located solar energy for potential exceptional Fig. 01 The University of Texas at Austin first Solar Photo voltaic in voltaic Solar Photo first at Austin of Texas Fig. 01 The University on the as shading devices installed on the main campus, stallation C. Beach, Ph.D.) Fred (Image Source: Garage of Manor Parking top gained by covering them with solar gained by covering large areas to capture solar energy solar energy capture to areas large energy where use at locations for are there is demanded. However, social and economic substantial that will inhibit the University barriers of its the full potential developing from Economically, resources. solar energy high is too of solar energy the price electrical current to in comparison the Socially, on campus. generation of the UT value and cultural aesthetic space roof clay-tiled red campus’s be potentially to the value surpasses Roofspace on the campus of the on the campus Roofspace (UT) has at Austin of Texas University renewable produce to potential great of the integration through energy and thermal panels. solar photovoltaic of forms other renewable Unlike be can solar technologies energy, the built environment into integrated options making them one of the few energy renewable onsite for The the UT Campus. for generation provides of the campus space roof Introduction Department of Geography and the Environment Department of Geography [email protected] Moulay Anwar Sounny-Slitine Student Master’s Potential of Solar Power on the of Solar Power Potential Campus of Texas University Potential of Solar Power on the University of Texas Campus

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 10 grants to offset costs. to grants are costs where to main campus installation. for the encourage to system • the from solar systems Off-site less. • the adoption of LEED Rating Use Solar thermal installations were were Solar thermal installations of newer part of the construction including the buildings on campus, and (SAC) Student Activity Center Building the Norman Hackerman on UT construction (NHB). New meet silver is planned to campus in the LEED Rating System, status the installation which encourages generating points for by rewarding on construction Future onsite. energy include onsite likely will most campus the near which for generation, energy will use solar thermal. Existing future solar UT’s is where construction lies. potential of solar development The University’s strategies outlines the general energy development: future for • subsides and research Pursue Texas Memorial Football Stadium and Stadium Memorial Football Texas Soccer and Track A. Myers the Mike highway near the interstate Stadium first its locate to choice UT’s system. system solar photovoltaic large-scale on places visible in one of the most about a statement makes campus 1). (see Figure solar energy the value conventional to in contrast This stands where design strategies architectural the hidden from solar panels are public. was facilitated through a research a research through was facilitated Energy the Webber to given grant engineering a UT mechanical Group, the study which will team, research types different of three performance of solar panels under the same of a This is an example conditions. that not only project demonstration but also research, advance to serves of solar change public perception to The Manor Garage technologies. its high visibility, was chosen due to Royal- K Darrel between located Fig. 02 Solar Panel installation on the top of Manor Parking Garage Garage of Manor Parking on the top installation Fig. 02 Solar Panel C. Beach, Ph.D.) Fred (Image Source: of the Manor on the top installed were 2). This adoption (see Figure Garage of solar panels on the Main Campus installed its first large solar large its first installed solar panels The system. photovoltaic matrix. of 2011, UT Main Campus In August energy generation may be a way for may be a way for generation energy of renewable its share increase UT to energy in its overall generation energy at the Pickle Research Campus, a Research at the Pickle in Northwest located facility research is not on the this project While Austin. UT Main Campus, off-siting renewable total investment of 2 million dollars, of 2 million dollars, investment total a 400,000 kilowatt-hours UT installed in open fields solar panel system Austin area through the use of a 1.6 through area Austin the State from million dollar grant With a Office. Conservation Energy the In June of 2011, UT installed in the solar panel system largest of solar energy on campus until the on campus of solar energy reduced are solar installation of prices efficient of more development through processes. manufacturing costs of installing solar systems on solar systems of installing costs a way These subsidies are campus. development the early for forward outside sources of revenues to offset to of revenues outside sources Potential of Solar Power on the University of Texas Campus

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 11 was +/- 18.5 cm. The LiDAR data was data was +/- 18.5 cm. The LiDAR return the last only to give filtered the laser mapping out where value, not travel and could terminated of a point cloud This gave further. and structures roads, the terrain, the of the Earth for on the surface Figure 5 shows the general general the 5 shows Figure the raw make to used procedures radiation map solar into files LiDAR of UT Campus. The of the roofspace in standard came data LiDAR raw format which is a text LAS format, and values coordinate (ASCII) of x,y,z The data value. intensity a return Area the Capitol for was created in (CAPCOG) Council of Government 2007 by Sanborne Mapping Company. was 1.4 resolution The horizontal points and spacing between meter Emergency in Federal was collected Management Agency (FEMA) is accuracy Horizontal standards. accuracy and vertical +/- 1 meter In this 5 removing the terrain and other the terrain removing which the point cloud, from surfaces a digital was used in interpolating 3 gives model. Figure elevation roof LiDAR of processed view an example cover. with vegetation in urban area is in yellow what is shown Normally earth the bare to create out filtered the takes model; this study elevation approach. opposite Model Elevation a Digital Roof Creating The raw data file generated from the from generated file data The raw from a sample laser sensor returns in line of sight from all objects that are the air including buildings and other mapping, In topographic structures. the buildings and other man-made out with filtered are structures points and the remaining breaklines, a bare create to interpolated are model. elevation earth digital reversed, were the breaklines study Fig. 03 Example of unfiltered LiDAR elevation modeling elevation LiDAR of unfiltered Fig. 03 Example This is 3 —similar 2 This study uses This study 4 When mounting these systems When mounting these systems 1 campus to install solar power solar power install to campus integration of solar energy of solar energy integration building new into development application of urban mapping, or application mapping out the built-environment. for topographic, hydrographic, and hydrographic, topographic, for surveying. vegetative a novel way for it in an unconventional (x,y,z). (x,y,z). mapping is a popular method LiDAR processed into a point cloud, which a point cloud, into processed point measurement is a collection coordinates in Cartesian surfaces for surface of the Earth through laser of the Earth through surface times of the return pulses, measure the from ranges pulses, and calculate of the plane. positions known positioning system (dGPS) both in positioning system the the plane and on the ground, the scan to is able system LiDAR to sonars used by ships but airborne sonars to With the use with high resolution. global corrected of a differentially the geographical range and quickly quickly and range the geographical metropolitan like areas large scans of hours in matter regions measured points in three-dimensional points in three-dimensional measured space. expands LiDAR a plane, airborne to the solar radiation on the roof space of space on the roof the solar radiation Main at Austin of Texas The University has the capability Campus. LiDAR thousands of create accurately to through the use of Light Detection the use of Light Detection through and Geographic and Ranging (LiDAR) model (GIS) to Systems Information Urban Solar Mapping using LiDAR was done Mapping of solar potential out the potential for solar energy solar energy for out the potential development. system. system. roof on existing This paper focuses map to and how on UT campus, space design. • on space roof Utilize existing

Potential of Solar Power on the University of Texas Campus

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 12 (Near Infrared-Visible Red) (Near Infrared-Visible Red) (Near Infrared+Visible .4 µm) and dividing by its sum. – NDVI= the visible red wavelength (0.4–0.7 wavelength red the visible wavelength the near infrared µm) from (0.75 into was then classified This NDVI to types and subsetted vegetation vegetation. canopy only produce The images were The images were 6 the urban environment, by subtracting by subtracting the urban environment, elevation at all part of the roofs. elevation using was determined coverage Tree photography aerial infrared 2006 color by CAPCOG. created a Normalized creating processed in (NDVI) Index Vegetation Difference break lines creating a digital roof roof a digital lines creating break the model, interpolating elevation for only return values over the over values return only for then processed buildings. These were as footprints using the buildings’ region. Then with the use of a building region. appraisal the county from inventory extracted were the point files district, Fig. 04 Resulting solar radiation map where pixel values correspond to the total annual global radiation in watts per square meter. in watts per square radiation annual global the total to correspond values pixel map where Fig. 04 Resulting solar radiation Potential of Solar Power on the University of Texas Campus

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 13 = ) * ) ( ) 2 $ KWh Total Insolation Total (GWh/year) 4,465 1,939 Using the ) 2 10 (KWh) (Year*m ( Roof Area (m Roof Area 3,435,700 1,318,875 Roof Type Roofs Total Flat Roofs Annual PV Electrcity ($/Year) Point Breakeven Cost of Conventional Electricty of Conventional Cost PV modules have a typical efficiency a typical have PV modules insolation from of 12% conversion electricity. to radiation converting equation for following Annual Energy insolation to total has the the campus Generated, to calculate the total amount of solar amount of solar the total calculate to for per area radiation) (global radiation solar a total creating year the entire hours in watt the year for production 4 shows Figure meter. per square solar insolation layer the resulting of a aerial photography over overlayed UT campus. hitting the solar radiation The total of UT Main Campus every rooftops The social is 4,465 GWh/year. year on barrier of not building solar panels reduces tiles with red roofs slanted 1,939 to potential solar radiation in 43 % less which results GWh/year, the 1,318,875 insolation. However, still roof space of flat meters square amount of insolation an ample provide of solar energy. the collection for used in the final calculations of the calculations used in the final the solar For potential. solar radiation the used: maps were three radiation, map), the sun’s sky (viewshed visible a period position in the sky across of of time (sunmap), and the sectors the amount of the sky that influence (skymap). solar radiation incoming used of maps were These collections These were These were 9 The calculated The calculated 7 which accounts for for which accounts 8 Incoming solar radiation, or insolation, solar radiation, Incoming well- and researched has been heavily GIS in standard exist tools developed from ArcGIS packages, like software it. measure ESRI, to from derived insolation maps were models, using elevation roof digital an insolation model established by Pinde Fu, elevation, atmospheric conditions, of and influences orientation, surface topography. surrounding Additionally, buildings with utilized Additionally, (i.e. also eliminated were roofspace roofs where Cooling Stations Central of 109 a total In all, as vents). serve used Main Campus buildings were model roof the model. The digital for buildings roof did include the slanted to clay tiles with red on campus of solar energy the amount determine due the cultural not being captured barrier. Modeling Solar (Insolation) Ration The rationality is that solar radiation is that solar radiation The rationality make to weak is too under the canopy the addition of solar panels in those feasible. economically locations Model was created Roof The Digital on UT campus buildings existing for of culturally with the exception Main the buildings like significant house, and other Littlefield Tower, hold historical buildings that would state in current conserve to value changes. without major architectural This raster then was vectorized to to vectorized then was This raster the for data coverage canopy create because This is necessary campus. travel to able are pulses LiDAR in results This foliage. tree through points of elevation the identification mapped under the canopy. that were setting model was modified The roof null, to under trees value elevation further modeling. from them removing Fig. 05 The workflow for solar mapping. Fig. 05 The workflow Potential of Solar Power on the University of Texas Campus

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 14

11 forward thinking view of a 10-year of a 10-year thinking view forward payback period. Discussion of solar PV is dropping The price 4. in Figure as shown significantly was applied: of the results the 6 shows Figure on a map of point analysis breakeven The buildings highlighted UT campus. have would yellow through in green solar energy. for potential the best and red The buildings with orange breakeven The average worst. the are meter point was $12.25 per square Depending on the payback per year. be can feasibility period the economic it by the by multiplying determined a payback Assuming value. breakeven can University the period of 10 years, that cost PV systems solar install Currently meter. $122.50 per square solar PV is $1.40/ install to the price solar system. a typical Wh for about this will cost area, to Translated installed, meter $1,400 per square than 10 times the break-even more in drop point. Without a substantial of solar panels the economic the price with a even great too are barriers own electricity on the campus through through on the campus electricity own plant. The plant power gas a natural and economical. efficient is very production of electricity The cost per kilowatt- is 7 cents on campus is an of electricity cost This low hour. the adoption of barrier to economic as any installation solar photovoltaic, panels would of solar photovoltaic gas with the natural compete to have Solar mapping provides generation. can much solar energy an idea of how but without economic be generated, it will not development feasibility the economic determine To occur. of solar of installation feasibility formula the following technologies, solar energy potential, but there is a but there potential, solar energy amount of roofspace substantial still barrier preventing The only available. adoption is economic. wide spread Analysis Economic its produces of Texas The University Social barriers reduce the amount of reduce Social barriers year with flat roofspace on campus. on roofspace with flat year = Generation (GWh) Annual Energy of PV System * Efficiency (GWh) Insolation Total (dollars per square meter per year) meter per square (dollars per 232 GWh generate to potential Fig 06 Breakpoint cost for solar PV installation solar PV installation for cost Fig 06 Breakpoint Potential of Solar Power on the University of Texas Campus

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 15 Laser . (Upper Saddle . (Upper Saddle Introduction to Remote Remote to Introduction (2009): 220. Geomatics Laser Scanning for the Laser Scanning for 54, (1999): 164–198. 2005), CRC Press, Raton: . (Boca . (New York, Guilford Press, 2007): 233. Press, Guilford York, . (New physical and biophysical processes, it has been processes, and biophysical physical in especially research, of areas a significant fields such as Geography. Geometric Solar Radiation Model “A 8. Pinde Fu, (PhD Ecology” in Landscape with Applications 2000). of Kansas, Geography, University diss., Remote SensingRemote Fukuchi, and Tetsuo Fujii 2. Takashi SensingRemote 724. Heritage. L. and George R.G. Large 3. Andrew “Laser Scanning.” Sciences Environmental Kavanagh, 4. Barry F. Hall, 2003): 410. Prentice River, 5. James B. Campbell, Sensing http:// Council of Governments, Area 6. Capital www.capcog.org. most to solar insolation is fundamental 7. Since ISPRS Journal of PhotogrammetryISPRS Journal of & demonstrates learning curve of production leading to drops in solar energy price. in solar energy drops to leading of production curve learning demonstrates Fig. 07 Average Price of Solar versus the Global Capacity of Solar Energy: graph graph Capacity of Solar Energy: the Global of Solar versus Price Fig. 07 Average of Austin Energy and Ryan Mitchell of Mitchell and Ryan Energy of Austin Information Resource Natural Texas who supplied the GIS and System, The author would Data. LiDAR Bensalem, thanks Sara to also like and Jim Walker, Oswaldo Lucon, their valuable for Elizabeth Walsh input and insight. References laser scanning: Baltsavias “Airborne 1. E. P. and firms and other systems existing resources.” on an economic savings basis today, savings basis today, on an economic and of solar PV is dropping the price may be economically solar power in the the University for advantageous 7). (see Figure future Acknowledgments been not have would This work Matejowsky without Blake possible

12 with 13 As solar becomes more more As solar becomes 14 although extensive installation of installation although extensive solely be justified solar panels cannot use its extensive solar potential for for solar potential use its extensive on and development ongoing research Furthermore, production. solar energy treasured red-tile roofs. As a public roofs. red-tile treasured sustainability to committed institution could of Texas the University research, UT Campus has significant potential potential UT Campus has significant even solar energy, generating for on its of PV arrays without placement Conclusion that the demonstrates This analysis with research allows the University to to the University allows with research also while its solar portfolio develop mission. its core pursuing installations at UT were made made at UT were installations part by state in a large possible Coupling solar development grants. Currently this is the method being this is the method Currently of solar the price reduce used to Both solar at UT. installation Price of Installation ($/Area) - ($/Area) Installation of Price Subsidy ($/Area) as shown in the following formula. formula. in the following as shown = ($/Area) Cost + ($/Area) Panel of Price important role in making solar energy in making solar energy role important directly as they competitive more of a solar installation the price affect of solar will become more favorable. more of solar will become play an can Subsidies and grants a possibility of a 50% drop in price in price a 50% drop of a possibility by 2020. and efficient, the economics affordable has decreased by a factor of ten. by a factor has decreased by the International costs Projected that it will Agency shows Energy 2050 through drop to continue learning curve effect are causing causing are effect curve learning 30 last the Over in price. a drop of solar energy the price years Demand for solar PV is growing and and PV is growing solar Demand for as the as well of scale economies Potential of Solar Power on the University of Texas Campus

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 16 Computers and Computers , 37(1-3), (2002): 25–35. 15. Dan E. Arvizu et. al Figure 3.17: 67. 3.17: 15. Dan E. Arvizu et. al Figure Solar Energy Conference, Hamburg, Germany, Germany, Hamburg, Conference, Solar Energy 2009, pp. 4492-4500 (ISBN: 21-25 September 3-936338-25-6).). – Dynamics of grid-parity and dependence – Dynamics of grid-parity and dependence prices electricity local on solar irradiance, in: presented (Paper ratio.” and PV progress Photovoltaic of the 24th European Proceedings Agency, Paris, France, 48. France, Paris, Agency, for C., et. al. “Grid-parity analysis 14. Breyer, segments and market E.U. and U.S. regions Press 2011): 66. 2011): Press Roadmap, Solar 13. IEA (2010). Technology Energy International Energy. Photovoltaic Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Sokona, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Edenhofer, Zwickel, T. S. Kadner, Matschoss, P. Seyboth, C. V. G.Hansen, S. Schlömer, Eickemeier, P. University Cambridge York, (eds)],(New Stechow 12. Dan E. Arvizu, et. al “Direct Solar Energy.” Solar Energy.” 12. Dan E. Arvizu, et. al “Direct Energy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Change Mitigation [O. and Climate Sources 11. Bloomberg (2010). Bloomberg New Energy Energy New (2010). Bloomberg 11. Bloomberg Subscriber Data. Energy Finance—Renewable at: bnef.com/bnef/markets/renewable- info energy/solar/. Electricity Generation in the European Union the European in Generation Electricity Solar Countries.” and Candidate Member States 81 (2007): 1295–1305. Energy, Electronics in Agriculture Electronics Thomas Huld, Ewan Dunlop, Suri., 10. Marcel of Solar “Potential and Heinz Ossenbrink, 9. Pinde Fu and Paul M. Rich, “A Geometric Geometric M. Rich, “A and Paul 9. Pinde Fu in with Applications Solar Radiation Model and Forestry”. Agriculture Clean and Green:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 17 Custodial Services Sustainable Cleaning Processes daily germicide, which is used to germicide, which is used to daily pathogenic microorganisms reduce by the Environmental is approved Agency. Protection number has been reduced over over number has been reduced This of 25 chemicals. a total 85% to part to is due in large reduction that provides a company Pac, Portion chemical responsible environmentally in dissolve which easily concentrates, with water filled containers reusable These concentrates the faucet. from packaging and excessive eliminate in transportation. spent energy reduce a for is pre-measured Each Pac Regardless container. specific or what from come we of where all of us can speak, language we of “one.” Using the concept to relate of or tank bottle, per bucket, one Pac accurate more in safer, results water thus eliminating use of chemicals, daily Of our four waste. unnecessary Green are three use chemicals, fourth is a Seal Certified and the implementation of (OS1), that implementation each building. Moreover, this process this process each building. Moreover, approach in a sustainable has ushered in reflected that is easily cleaning to usage, water program, our chemical inventory, products paper and plastic and indoor air system, cleaning team quality. Program Chemical Services’s 2001, Custodial Prior to 200 used over program chemical the Since chemicals. different Services has maintained over 12.5 over has maintained Services of the UT campus feet million square cleaning using a high-performance by (OS1). Developed called process the ManageMen, (OS1) promotes of the custodial standardization the use of through operation and products friendly environmentally With this process, tools. ergonomic a has maintained Services Custodial across program cleaning consistent the size of our despite campus demands of and varying operation For the last decade, Custodial Custodial decade, the last For Corey Wright Corey Services Facilities Specialist, Training [email protected] Robert Moddrell Services Facilities Manger, [email protected] Sustainable Cleaning Cleaning Sustainable Processes Clean and Green: and Green: Clean Services’s Custodial Clean and Green:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 18 Custodial Services Sustainable Cleaning Processes 3 polyethylene (LLDPE) and meet the polyethylene Procurement Comprehensive EPA’s Guidelines. This means the liners’ range can content post-consumer contain 10%–100%. All liners from resin. recycled 100% post-consumer Paper and Plastic Products and Plastic Paper commitment Services’ Custodial in the is reflected sustainability to products paper and plastic of choice With such large campus. used across and with numbers consumption it was so many options available, select to our operation for important solution. As a result, the greenest 40% post- contain our hand towels both our while content, consumer contain paper and hand towels toilet fiber. 100% recycled has Services Custodial recently, More sustainable a more to made the switch are liners new These liner. trash density linear low made from 2 mop use of a two-side The paired and microfiber system bucket been instrumental have program usage. Our water in our decreased usage has gone water estimated down annually 863,340 gallons from The annually. 262,302 gallons to is equal to saved in water difference fill an needed to the amount of water sized swimming pool. Olympic more water than necessary to hard hard to than necessary water more to making it difficult floor surfaces, and absorb the dirtied water clean of a the fibers Moreover, effectively. of incapable are mop string traditional targeted the microorganisms trapping procedures. cleaning in common absorb up mops, however, Microfiber in liquid weight six times their own to and their unique pick up and retention, reduce to been shown have fibers 96%. up to bacteria Additionally, a Additionally, 1 The coordinated use of microfiber use of microfiber The coordinated water. conserve flat mops also helps mops transfer string Traditional of the cleaning solution and reducing solution and reducing of the cleaning change the solution often. the need to two-sided mop bucket system keeps keeps system bucket mop two-sided water solution and contaminated clean thus ensuring the longevity separate, restroom and utility buckets used in and utility buckets restroom hold 1.25 and 2 gallons our program respectively. of water Traditional mop buckets hold five hold five mop buckets Traditional but the two-sided of water, gallons is the use of two-sided mop buckets mop buckets is the use of two-sided mop heads that have and microfiber impact on water had the greatest usage. usage by roughly 70%. While the 70%. While usage by roughly of and use measurement effective it this figure, to contributes chemicals Subscribing to the (OS1) process has (OS1) process the Subscribing to our annual water also decreased Water Usage Water Clean and Green:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 19 Custodial Services Sustainable Cleaning Processes This is not surprising 5 Additionally, these vacuums these vacuums Additionally, 6 carpet care and air purification that and air purification care carpet Vacuum Team has earned the Pro (CRI) Institute’s the Carpet Research label certification. green whether at work, home or in transit . home or in transit whether at work, increasingly As such, it has become an indoor maintain to important of pollutants. free environment the indoor measured study A recent air quality of a building maintained and vacuum upright with an average equal to of pollutants the level found times what the EPA twenty roughly from pollute to Americans allows their cars. bags on filter cloth considering only upright vacuums traditional the air. from 30% of pollutants remove indoor air improve to In an effort to elected Services Custodial quality, use Super Coach backpack vacuums These Team. by Pro manufactured filtration, four-level provide vacuums 99.9% of lung-damaging removing particles. the life extending carpet, help protect the need for and reducing of carpet of It is this high level replacement. entire building to be lit through the be lit through building to entire shift. work entire Indoor Air Quality of maintenance the daily Through Services buildings, Custodial campus the built sustain is doing its part to not only This effort environment. of buildings and the life prolongs but also improves therein, materials inside these the quality of life buildings. Agency Protect The Environmental posits that individuals spend (EPA) 90% of their time indoors, nearly This way, if an incident were to occur, occur, to incident were if an This way, to and able be present someone would assist. zone cleaning with a traditional Lastly, is required electricity approach, on each floor of a building in order equipment all necessary power to lit. With team well rooms and keep the through moves the team cleaning, the building floor by floor so that only to be floor need lights of the current the the need for lit. This eliminates equipment needed. zone cleaning With a traditional isolated kept are workers approach, interact one another and rarely from and of shift, breaks, the start beyond to the end of shift. If someone were it often get hurt or need assistance, until one not be discovered would interactions. of the aforementioned safety worker ensures cleaning Team as together the team by keeping the building. through work specialists ensuring consistency of the task of the task ensuring consistency the amount of as reducing as well Team Cleaning Team cleaning provides specialized training specialized training provides cleaning of each specialist, the tasks to team of specialists moves through through moves of specialists team on the starting a building together, Team working down. floor and top cleaning distributes tasks among tasks distributes cleaning duty, positions: light specialist four This and utility. restroom, vacuum, cleaning. Rather than assigning Rather than assigning cleaning. all perform one individual to team area, in a single tasks cleaning One of the benefits of the (OS1) is the emphasis on team process trash cans instead of changing liners of changing liners instead cans trash possible. whenever the weight of almost twenty mid-sized twenty of almost the weight these changes, In addition to vehicles. the tipping of implemented have we annually, but the new liners will only will only liners but the new annually, 141,847 an estimated contribute to is equivalent pounds. The difference annual liner waste to landfills by an landfills to annual liner waste liners 36%. Our previous estimated 220,459 pounds of waste contributed These new liners will reduce our will reduce liners These new Clean and Green:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 20 Custodial Services Sustainable Cleaning Processes , , Quality Tools For For Quality Tools Product Lines Product 6. John Walker, “Vacuum Specialist Playbook,” Specialist “Vacuum 6. John Walker, ManageMen, 2010. 5. Michael A. Berry, “The Science of Cleaning,” of Cleaning,” Science “The 5. Michael A. Berry, Symposium, 2006. (OS1) Users for Prepared php?fuseaction=p0008.&mod=14 (2011). of Cleaning,” Science “The 4. Michael A. Berry, Symposium, 2006. (OS1) Users for Prepared php?lang=american (2008). php?lang=american Bags, 3. Revolution http://www.revolutionbag.com/index. 2. Unger Professional, 2. Unger Professional, System Cleaning Restroom Smart Cleaning: http://www.ungerglobal.com/pro/us/index. 1. John Walker, “Benchmarking Best Practices Practices “Benchmarking Best 1. John Walker, 2002: The Science Since Industry in the Cleaning for Prepared Cleaning,” and Art of Professional 2008. p. 21. Symposium, (OS1) Users References opportunities for sustainability. 2011 sustainability. opportunities for users. as (OS1) year marks our tenth which promotes efficiency while efficiency while which promotes It waste. minimizing simultaneously that of practice is with this foundation out more seeking forward, move we Custodial Services continues to serve serve to continues Services Custodial our through of Texas the University (OS1) process, on-going use of the Conclusion Game Day and Everyday:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 21 University of Texas Atheletics Sustainability Program -

recycling has also expanded to to has also expanded recycling and the baseball games for operations Relays. Texas Court and Food Areas Concourse During the 2010 season, UT Athletics to foster positive behavior changes positive foster to UT of the extensive among members Sports community. and Day: Recycling Game Football the Sta in and around Composting dium Season, Football in the 2010 Starting a bold undertook UT Athletics recycling promote to effort new all game-day activities, throughout the food areas, including concourse main gates, areas, hospitality court, areas. and tailgating grandstands, is expanding UT Athletics This year, the both by increasing the initiative, containers, number of recycling initiation of its first and through UT Athletics’ campaign. composting game day football to commitment composting at the stadium is likely is likely at the stadium composting and management in operations • Daily the UT Athletics Department, including cardboard and demand side energy recycling management. and both directly These efforts significant make indirectly sustainability. to contributions reduced have these initiatives Directly, sports of UT’s footprint the carbon the highly Additionally, program. and recycling for advertising visible of Texas Athletics Department Athletics of Texas has undertaken (UT Athletics) improve to initiative comprehensive and of its operations the sustainability the include These efforts facilities. following: and recycling expand to • Initiatives game days on football composting and at other UT sporting events. in equipment and • Investments a for structure infrastructure stadium. sustainable Over the past two years, the University the University years, two the past Over

Staff, Special Events and Stadium Operations Operations and Stadium Events Special Staff, Athletics Intercollegiate [email protected] Sustainability Program Sustainability Merrick MyCue Game Day and Everyday: Everyday: Game Day and Athletics of Texas University Game Day and Everyday:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 22 University of Texas Atheletics Sustainability Program

Tailgate Recycling Tailgate with the CEC partnered Athletics lot in 2010 on a game day tailgate Collection program. pilot recycling year was 1,330 pounds the first for Cluster points were added during the added points were Cluster by organized 2010 season, which were (CEC). Center Campus Environmental on the points focused These cluster block of the stadium main entry gates the arriving to patrons and targeted containers, beverage with their gates in taking from prohibited which are containers More be recycled. and can points will be added for the cluster for the 2011 season. Cleanup Post-Game Grandstands on plastic focus is a strong There in the grandstands collection recycling clean- during the Sunday post-game purchase patrons most up. Since their them to and take concessions amount of is a large seats, there in the grandstand. volume plastic the majority is where This collection and is collected material of recycling management up by our waste picked partner. and deliberately placed throughout throughout placed and deliberately 2011 the upcoming For the space. that estimate we season, football will be 21,000 people approximately and aluminum glass, plastic, recycling these hospitality from specifically 37,272 estimated an In total, areas. specifically will be recycling people within areas the hospitality from Memorial K Royal-Texas Darrell alone. Stadium in glass will collect This season we and aluminum in plastic addition to and suites. clubs the hospitality Points Cluster Main Gate cans and signage are clearly visible visible clearly and signage are cans refrigerators. included in the recycling Other areas hospitality within DKR’s initiative the Carpenter-Winkel are venues 6th Floor the room, Centennial Club, the Red McCombs Terrace Club and the Red Zone 8th Floor Club in Bellmont 5th Floor new on Game-Day for Hall. The capacity is 300, 500, respectively each venue Within each of 2,200 and 500 people. trash recycling these Club locations, season, we estimate that there will that there estimate season, we 16,272 people be approximately of within this one section recycling encourage To areas. the hospitality signage is recycling, and promote each throughout placed strategically signs laminated This includes suite. of the sink asking in front placed empty their containers to guests also clearly are There recycling. before proper signs encouraging labeled regular the above placed recycling the and on cans trash and recycling The 2010 football season was the season was the The 2010 football initiative for a sustainability year first K of Darrell areas in the hospitality This Memorial Stadium. Royal-Texas recycling included promoting initiative as well suites, within the 114 football throughout located as the Club areas a DKR for capacity The the Stadium. which totals is 24 people suite football per game. 2,712 people approximately that amount times the By multiplying the 2011 Football six home games for Beautiful. The composting element is element Beautiful. The composting with the main goal being this year, new material non-contaminated collect to If the dumpster. in a four-yard will look Athletics succeeds, program locations composting expanding into composting and concessionaire materials. Areas Hospitality McCombs Red Zone and staffed McCombs Red Zone and staffed Keep Austin from by volunteers New for the 2011 season will be a for New hub set- and composting recycling in Red located court up in the food continue for the 2011 season. for continue Composting the stadium along with public address with public address along the stadium fans inform to aired announcements This will initiative. of our recycling season the video board and closed and closed season the video board in the concourses located TVs circuit and slides recycling displayed inside recycling promote to vignettes As an additional strategy to encourage encourage to As an additional strategy the 2010 throughout recycling, add more recycling containers in the containers recycling add more thirty add decided to 2010 season, we the 2011 season. for more will be relayed through decals located located decals through will be relayed Additionally, near the point of sale. and order the need to observing after cups and water bottles through table table through bottles cups and water stands. on all concession placed tents the 2011 season, this message For recyclable (accomplished in the 2010 (accomplished recyclable aware are season), and that patrons informed of this change. In 2010, we all recycle could that they patrons branding. We have partnered with our with partnered have We branding. that every ensure to concessionaire sold is bottle cup and water plastic stadium are labeled with “Plastic Cups with “Plastic labeled are stadium and display ONLY” Bottles and Water Round-Up our Longhorn Recycling each trash receptacle with a recycling with a recycling receptacle each trash near concession particularly container, in the containers All recycling stands. total number of containers used for for used of containers number total increased also greatly we recycling, to containers recycling of the ratio paired and deliberately cans trash general public areas of the stadium, of the stadium, areas public general to opportunities more giving patrons the increasing to In addition recycle. increased the number of recycling of recycling the number increased and in the concourses containers Game Day and Everyday:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 23 University of Texas Atheletics Sustainability Program

collection and by increasing the and by increasing collection for containers number of recycling will We operations. game day and daily groups with campus work to continue Center) (e.g., Campus Environmental our of the sustainability enhance to at large. and the University programs Longhorns Dining Hall, TSF, TTC, and Longhorns Dining Hall, TSF, TTC, DKR Stadium. Conclusion UT day, Indeed, game day and every putting to is committed Athletics into of sustainability principles 2009, UT Athletics Since practice. a bold in establishing has succeeded including program sustainability event changes in game day significant waste (e.g., management and facilities recycling expanded through reduction and infrastructure and composting in investments capital outreach), (e.g., energy- stadium the football lighting and water- stadium efficient to day and day cover), efficient ground (e.g., demand-side energy operations management). UT Athletics Looking forward, recycling on increasing will focus by educating numbers collection on recycling and staff patrons Demand Side Energy Management Demand Side Energy in participated In 2009, Athletics project wide DSEMC a campus Management (Demand Side Energy Consumption is & Conservation). facilities. at all our daily monitored inform email is also sent to A daily usage, cost of our energy staff be can Energy and consumption. the through and scheduled controlled us allowing facilities in most Internet are etc. when events, shut it down to Stadium spaces. not using certain audits and steam lighting, water, at our took place upgrades fixture Moncrief, facility, practice basketball

Cardboard including both the year, Throughout season and non-football the football amount a large collect we operations, is used to baler A of cardboard. in bundles, board package the card our waste contact which we after pick up management partner for is recycling Athletics and recycling. a of cardboard 30 tons approximately year. in the North End Zone of the football in the North End Zone of the football items the only Currently stadium. and plastic, paper, are being recycled and aluminum aluminum. Plastic in our loading is located collection by our waste up dock and is picked recycling Paper management partner. the University. through is handled are sports programs Any leftover by Campus Environmental recycled on an as needed basis. Center paint per year. The playing surface The playing surface paint per year. made out of recycled is partially water limited only requiring tires, hygiene of the playing occasional for surface. Day-to-Day UT Athletics Sustainability on recycling has focused Athletics weight rooms, training in offices, such as areas and common rooms, located Court the Red McCombs Food (Baseball), and Frank Denius Fields Denius (Baseball), and Frank lighting all undergone have (Football) 2011. 2009 and between upgrades Cover Ground the stadium Fieldturf also replaced season. the 2009 to prior grass thousands The change has saved and chemicals, of water, of gallons (Track & Field/Soccer), McCombs & Field/Soccer), (Track Field Disch-Falk Field (Softball), UFCU in the Bubble (Indoor Practice (Indoor Practice in the Bubble Tennis and the Penick-Allison Facility) during the summer of 2010. Center Stadium A. Myers Mike Additionally, lights. Additionally, by decreasing the by decreasing lights. Additionally, waste. decreased number of bulbs, we conducted were Similar light upgrades the amount of bulbs used, which the amount of impacted directly the power to consumed energy now guaranteed with reduced energy energy with reduced guaranteed now With this lighting consumption. decrease to able were we upgrade, Musco’s Smart Lamp System, which Smart Lamp System, Musco’s maximizes bulb efficiency through system. technology its service are light levels constant Average After the 2010 season, all DKR the 2010 season, After with replaced lights were stadium Investments Lighting Stadium with the 2011 season. Capital Stadium Sustainable on at these events are plastic cups plastic are on at these events Recycling bottles. water and plastic the baseball from obtained of glass will begin areas and hospitality suites through videoboard slides and PA slides and PA videoboard through of our recycling announcements focused items The only program. home baseball games. At both venues, home baseball games. At both venues, strategically were containers recycling informed were and patrons placed Game day recycling efforts have have efforts Game day recycling Relays and Texas to over transitioned as raising expectations on the lots on the lots expectations as raising 2010 season. during the targeted Relays Baseball and Texas was a pilot program. CEC/Athletics is is CEC/Athletics program. was a pilot the 2011 for program this expanding as well collections, increase season to of plastic and aluminum cans. Only Only aluminum cans. and of plastic this on since focused were lots certain Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Energy User Engagement on Campus Essays 24 use, and to make smart energy usage smart energy make use, and to The routine. a part of their everyday and awareness hope is that, through shift will occur a cultural education, of energy in thought and practices goal The long-term usage on campus. and techniques the best scale is to about as far as they can on the supply on the supply can as they about as far equation towards side of the energy and system, efficient a highly creating on the users to look it is time to now the demand side. help from to campus in UT’s engage the end-users To energy campus decrease to effort for the Center consumption, coordinated Development Sustainable the School from of faculty the efforts of and the College of Architecture Fine Arts Design Division in the UT (UTSBI). Smart Building Initiative funded through UTSBI was originally the Longhorn Innovation from a grant with critical Technology, for Fund funding also coming supplemental The goal is office. the Provost’s from and staff faculty, students, make to they of the amount of energy aware Energy Management have gone just gone just Management have Energy of offices, classrooms and support classrooms of offices, This is made possible facilities. operating like practices through efficient chilling most the country’s steps remarkable taking and station in energy efficiency increase to the for and distribution creation $150 million Over campus. Austin the energy to of improvements dollars been paid for already have system these fuel usage from by decreased side of the the supply to improvements equation. Utilities and energy campus The University of Texas at Austin has at Austin of Texas The University needs since energy its own handled of chilled a system 1929 through generation and power steam, water, of feet about 17 million square for 70,000 and roughly building space Currently, on campus. consumers Management’s Utilities and Energy the uses roughly station power own same amount of fuel it did in 1977 half as much electricity producing feet million square seven only for Fig. 1: Raw data is compiled in a web interface by SmarteBuilding. by SmarteBuilding. interface in a web is compiled Fig. 1: Raw data for the end user to present to is available data Individual room individual use awareness. on UT Campus Energy Department of Art and Art History Art History Department of Art and of Fine Arts College [email protected] Triggs Riley Design Division Lecturer, Energy User Engagement Energy on Campus Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Energy User Engagement on Campus Essays 25 - Figure 2: Check-ins are tracked to assess room usage and at room assess to tracked are 2: Check-ins Figure smart through individuals and accessed to usage energy tribute interfaces. phones and web first research endeavor of its kind endeavor research first indoor efficiency, marry energy to a in and user education localization emerged setting. Factors university of full implementation that prevented work. the proposed location of energy users and their users energy of location impacts, these energy localized potential the have technologies new in which the manner transform to and renovated. managed buildings are proposal a robust UTSBI began with research the first it make that would energy marry its kind to of endeavor and user localization, indoor efficiency, setting. The in a university education of Richmond and Oberlin University interactive both employed University in technologies monitoring energy but no other project their dormitories, their applied energy has paired on indoor with data research efficiency be the is to This initiative localization. past decade, developments developments decade, past order for monitors to be accurately be accurately to monitors for order useful data. provide and to installed time real a steady This provides then usage that can of energy stream in the end-users to be presented building. within a Building of Users Location the Over have technology in indoor localization individuals locate to made it possible the within buildings. By tracking and open to participation in such participation and open to with Partnering a line of inquiry. energy a local SmarteBuilding, the SBI wired company, monitoring energy room-level Hall for Sutton an onerous required This monitoring. and of understanding process electrical documenting the building’s of the age and many wiring because over the wiring system changes to This was crucial, however, the years. had to light and outlet every because in a particular circuit to be attributed to and run tests software 3) pilot might be individual users see how by the visualization of their influenced data. consumption energy personal Sensor Installation Sutton SBI chose UT Architecture’s environment Hall as a development older building it is a typical because and it has a community on campus, sustainability-minded that is already analyze electricity usage for facility facility usage for electricity analyze managers 2) building on student-developed develop technology, indoor localization a sample enable that would software and (faculty of volunteers group and thus develop self-track to staff) data consumption energy room-level and smartphones; through existing campus building in order building in order campus existing to data base room-level provide to an and installing 1) researching in an system monitoring energy of activity main areas three are There UTSBI: for still unresolved in engaging users to to in engaging users unresolved still a personal consumption energy make concern. press release Microsoft stated that stated Microsoft release press as of its service the discontinuation overall “slow of May 2012 was due to are adoption.” Challenges market for consumers, Google PowerMeter PowerMeter Google consumers, for Hohm, respectively. and Microsoft 2009, in a running Hohm since After giants Google and Microsoft, who, until and Microsoft, giants Google generalized and ran built recently, programs monitoring home energy manage their energy consumption is consumption manage their energy and the judgment if one values great by technology of resources allocation building in a meaningful way. The building in a meaningful way. and innovation of importance level and track to in enabling consumers In order to do this, energy usage is do this, energy to In order usage, individual room to down scaled and feedback time monitoring and real the individuals of the to provided are awareness of users and how they they and how of users awareness and the local to individually relate of building energy. concerns global change, and the Earth’s ecosystems ecosystems change, and the Earth’s of concerns as local as well by increasing and comfort economics UTSBI intends to combine global global combine to UTSBI intends climate footprints, of carbon concerns change in the costs and environmental and environmental change in the costs campus. use on impact of energy (UTSBI) Initiative UT Smart Building program that is integrated into the into integrated that is program of 70,000 energy practices everyday in a significant that results consumers technologies developed in this pilot this pilot in developed technologies a campus-wide into building exercise Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Energy User Engagement on Campus Essays 26 make the information relevant, but relevant, the information make exchange the information make to the to and transparent as effortless to as possible building occupants of engagement the threshold lower will be informed. people so that more closer This will bring the information refine both the lobby monitor and lobby monitor both the refine to application the cross-platform more informative, them more make meaningful. It and more interactive, that the initial pilot should be noted a was run at the end of the semester, busy and quite are time when students scheduling set in their patterns—a during be avoided that can issue this fall. further testing Going Forward been has of UTSBI thus far The focus and of the hardware on the technology provide to required systems software usage data. time energy real accurate the next in place, With these systems data the raw transform to are steps information useful and persuasive into change in user behavior. affect to making this data on work Currently, is being done students to relevant and building monitor use in web for not only is to The strategy interfaces. check in to building rooms was limited was limited building rooms check in to were when users However, overall. and of the project informed directly results of the application, workings evident and directly immediate were of user and location in numbers of the the course Over involvement. recorded 263 “check-ins” were pilot, 300 regular out of the approximately building. Return and of the users to engagement is thought casual is attributable, which be limited, of state the rudimentary in part, to and visualization the application are Both of these items interfaces. upon and improved being addressed to this fall work during continued Usage of the CURB application to to Usage of the CURB application study that directly links energy energy links that directly study with user behavior efficiency data of instead of the room, at the scale the course building. Over the entire at the end of the weeks of two building occupants spring semester, fliers, through of the project learned and teacher presentations class involvement. Engagement Program Pilot mixed. were test Results of the pilot Instead of the indoor localization, of the indoor localization, Instead called application a cross-platform users allow to CURB was developed a specific “check-in” to manually to tie Hall to within Sutton location usage energy to usage levels room see what to occupants allow and to in consumption part of the energy for. responsible are the building they using the application study Our pilot 300 individuals engaged roughly working and staff) faculty, (students, in a participate Hall to in Sutton User Involvement infrastructure, in part, for other in part, for infrastructure, uses of indoor localization. University Information Technology Technology Information University of at the possibility is looking WIFI campus the existing expanding a server-side system is installed is installed system a server-side the same task perform that can by the UT IT Services. is installed localization could be re-instated as be re-instated could localization when date at a later a component by is unlocked 1) this information or 2) phone manufacturers all cell currently blocks wireless signal wireless blocks currently certain from information strength Indoor devices. computing mobile pervasive wireless networks. The networks. wireless pervasive this abandoned team research Inc. Apple, because component passively and accurately identify and accurately passively of objects/people the location inside buildings using existing The SBI team proposed indoor proposed The SBI team as a method to localization Barriers to Indoor Localization to Barriers interface to the data. The next step is to make this room level level this room make is to step The next the data. to interface building users. to and relatable relevant information Figure 3: The CURB application used as web and smartphone used as web 3: The CURB application Figure Energy User Engagement on Campus

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 27 , 51, , 2008. , Volume 18 Issue 18 Issue , Volume Human Factors in Human Factors , New York: Anchor Books, York: , New CHI 2009 (Boston, MA), 2009. CHI 2009 (Boston, Interactions Urban Informatics: Community Urban Informatics: , 22(2), 2008 pp. 227-240. American Sociological Review Sociological American , Information Science Reference, Reference, Science , Information Handbook of Research on Urban Research Handbook of Continuum: Journal of Media and of Journal Continuum: , London: Routledge 1989. , London: Routledge The Mind and the Market: Capitalism The Mind and the Market: Governing the Soul: the The Shaping of the Assumptions Behind Urban Informatics.” Behind Urban Informatics.” the Assumptions (ed.), In Foth the of and Promise The Practice Informatics: Real-Time City Global PA:IGI Hershey, Australasian Conference on Computer-Human on Computer-Human Conference Australasian OZCHI ‘08 (Cairns, Queensland, Interaction 2008. Australia) Individual behavior Green Citizens? “Transforming T., Lewis, on Lifestyle Consumption and Ethical Politics Television”, Cultural Studies J., Muller, Thought and Western 2002. B., “Citizen R., and Hooker, E, Honicky, Paulos, Urbanism”, Enabling Participatory Science: M. (ed), In Foth, and Implementation Integration Rose, N., Private Self S., and B., Worden, D., Ruchford, Snow, Alignment Processes, R., “Frame Benford, and Movement Micromobilization, Participation”, 1986, pp. 464-481. E., and Dourish, P. Williams, A., Robles, “Urbane-ing the City: Examining and Refining Froehlich, J., Dillahunt, T., Klasnja, P., Mankoff, Mankoff, Klasnja, P., T., J., Dillahunt, Froehlich, J., Landay, S., Harrison, B., and J., Consolvo, for Tool a Mobile Investigating “UbiGreen: Transportation Green and Supporting Tracking Conf. ACM Habits”, Proc. Computing Systems pp.1043-1052. J.a., and Landay, L., J., Findlater, Froehlich, Proc. technology”. “The design of eco-feedback on Human Conference of the 28th International Ga, (Atlanta, in Computing System, Factors 2010, 1999-2008. York, New ACM, apr.10-15). from Houng, Elaine M., “Building Outwards HCI”, Sustainable NY, USA. York, New 3, May + June 2011 ACM E., “Energy and Blevis, J., Odom, W., Pierce, of Interaction Survey A Critical Dwelling: Aware Proc. Eco-Visualizations”, Design for , . Communication

Technical The Social and Interactional Human Factors in Computing Human Factors CHI 2007 (San Jose, CA), pp. 503-512. CHI 2007 (San Jose, CA), Information Interaction Information Design: Interaction E. “Sustainable Blevis, and Reuse.” and Disposal, Renewal Invention Conf. ACM Proc. Systems the J., Representing G. and Bowers, Cooper, of HCI. on the Disciplinary Rhetoric User: Notes (ed.), In Thomas, P. Interfaces Human-Computer Dimensions of 1995. Press Cambridge: University 2009. pp.1043-1052. edu/~gerhard/papers/ 8/1/10) dis2000.pdf (accessed design: M.J. (2007). “Participatory Muller, http://domino. in HCI.” From: space The third research.ibm.com/cambridge/research.nsf/0 /43d801f234786fe58525777d00723efb/$FILE/ TR2010.10%20Participatory%20Design%20 The%20Third%20Space%20in%20HCI.pdf 8/1/10) (accessed of “The Methodology Spinuzzi, Clay. Design.” Participatory V52, No. 2, May 2005: 163-174. accessed 8/1/10) accessed Beyond “Meta-Design: Gerhard. Fischer, Design,” and Participatory User-Centered 2003, Julie of HCI International Proceedings (eds.), Stephanidis and Constantine Jacko June 2003, pp. 88-92. (http:// Greece, Crete, l3d.cs.colorado.edu/~gerhard/papers.html; 8/1/10) accessed “Meta- and Eric Scharff. Gerhard, Fischer, of Proceedings Designers.” Design—Design for on Designing Conference International the 3rd D. Boyarski (DIS 2000); eds: Systems Interactive 2000, August City, York New Kellogg, and W. pp 396-405. http://l3d.cs.colorado. ACM, Selected Works Consulted and Cited Consulted Works Selected Participatory Design Jonathan Ostwald. and Gerhard Fischer, and Reseeding: Growth, “Seeding, Evolutionary with Informed Design Enriching Participatory of the Participatory Proceedings Participation.” J. Binder, (PDC’02), T. Design Conference Malmö University, (Eds.), I. Wagner Gregory, 717, Box 2002, CPSR, P.O. June Sweden, 94302, pp 135-143 . (http:// CA Alto, Palo edu/~gerhard/papers.html; l3d.cs.colorado. Mike Kounnas, Founder Mike Michael Cation, Founder Eric Hepburn, Architecture, Director of Director Eric Hepburn, Architecture, Technology Information COMPANY SMARTeBUILDING Jeffrey McCord, Architecture McCord, Jeffrey UT STAFF of Sustainability Director Jim Walker, Ryan Bruner, Design Bruner, Ryan Community and Elizabeth “EB” Brooks, Regional Planning Mainwaring, Architecture Jesse René Pinnell, Design Smith, Architecture Blake Science Anil Attuluri, Computer Anil Katti, Engineering for Sustainable Development (Project (Project Development Sustainable for Administration) STUDENTS Matt Fajkus, Architecture Matt Fajkus, Lee, Design Gloria Design Triggs, Riley Wilson, UT Center Brown Barbara Participants: FACULTY Ulrich Dangel, Architecture will affect energy usage. energy will affect building. Data during these trials will during building. Data data, years’ previous to be compared and it is hoped that the increased of individual building users awareness and information delivery will be delivery and information time period a longer across performed the usage throughout energy track to campus. Over the course of the next of the next the course Over campus. another series of participatory year, interfaces developed trials with newly the inclusion of steam and chilled chilled and the inclusion of steam for usage, which accounts water usage on the other half of energy Additional data is also being Additional data UTSBI. inclusion in for considered way with under are Discussions about staff and maintenance energy to action in saving energy by changing by changing action in saving energy to use of it on campus. their daily to the user and allow for an easier an easier for the user and allow to bring the user which is to step, next Bringing Food Waste Composting to UT Austin Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 28 In-vessel In-vessel commercial composting. composting. commercial In-vessel composting. of pieces units are composting compost equipment designed to environment. in an enclosed materials this method with in compost can You at conference sessions. The results The results sessions. at conference as each university broad, very were their to their program had tailored colleges specific size and needs. Many agricultural with and universities maintaining already were programs their animal for operation a compost able and bedding and were waste by upon this program expand to Some waste. adding their food to able were universities smaller containers composting use on-site batch for such as the Earth Tub1 working were and others processing size UT’s Due to farmers. with local our leading location, and geographic a options included maintaining unit on composting in-vessel large composting windrow the campus, Campus, giving Research at Pickle and farmers, local to waste our food sustainability related listservs and listservs related sustainability finally working with Texas Disposal Texas working with finally commercially (TDS) to Systems and waste all food compost DHFS from materials compostable dining locations. the Right Process for The Search many composting researched We toward worked as we techniques our goal of a division-wide was Research program. composting online through conducted primarily implemented its first food waste food waste first its implemented representing program, composting in meeting the forward a major step and waste sustainability University’s the is goals. This initiative reduction of research years two of over product by the Division and planning initiated (DHFS), Service of Housing and Food composting including researching at other institutions, programs and University possible exploring transitioning partnerships, community and ware, service compostable to In October 2010, the University the University 2010, In October [email protected] Meagan Jones Specialist Environmental Service Food Division of Housing and Bringing Food Waste Waste Bringing Food UT Austin to Composting Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Bringing Food Waste Composting to UT Austin Essays 29 Finally, Finally, to dehydrate the food, the need for the need for the food, dehydrate to and campus, units across multiple farmers local from the lack of interest run of this equipment. ended the test composting. Commercial with that working determined we be the would facility a commercial and DHFS solution for feasible most potential recipients, we determined determined we recipients, potential not that this type of equipment would required suit our needs. The energy in Kinsolving Dining Hall to determine determine Dining Hall to in Kinsolving our food of dehydrating the feasibility farmers local to then give to waste After piles. their compost add to to for product using the batch-based the months and contacting a few A food A food

Windrow Windrow Giving food waste to farmers. waste to Giving food briefly was tested dehydrator waste waste management was beyond the was beyond management waste of our organization. scope due to the extensive regulation and regulation the extensive due to equipment and permitting process, conclusion that needs, and the staffing compost in this style. The potential The potential in this style. compost composting windrow a large-scale, for was campus at the Pickle program difficult but proved explored briefly and monitored to maintain high heat maintain to and monitored Heavy equipment and a in the pile. needed to are amount of space large composting produces compost by compost produces composting a long in materials piling compostable turned periodically are rows The row. turn the product into useable compost. useable into turn the product composting. Windrow sources to produce a compost product product a compost produce to sources time period. After a specified after space- the machine, a from removal curing period is needed to intensive opposite end. Rotation and aeration and aeration end. Rotation opposite as a healthy as well required, are and nitrogen of carbon balance process. The continuous process process The continuous process. add food continually to you allows the from one end and harvest to waste either a batch process or continuous or continuous process either a batch Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Bringing Food Waste Composting to UT Austin Essays 30 . Through the . Through long windrows and maintained for 45 for and maintained windrows long and mixed, it is screened, days before store a gardening sold at GardenVille, by TDS. maintained Benefits Educational of the composting implementation needed. As food is returned to the dish to is returned needed. As food plates returns, the plate through room of water a trough through rinsed are napkins, waste, that sends the food a pulping into straws and compostable the food machine. Inside the pulper, is water chopped and finely becomes up the auger as it travels extracted bin that is designated a red and into prep Kitchen items. compostable for also equipped with compost are areas trained are members bins and staff and other scraps put all food to in these bins. items compostable Compaction, Delivery, and Reuse. is waste the compostable Once in our dining locations from removed in one bags, it is placed compostable located compactors compost of two DFHS staff near our dining facilities. is full compactor notifies TDS when a their to the material and TDS delivers at the facility Once facility. composting in is placed material the compostable necessary sorting of trash, compost, compost, trash, sorting of necessary dining areas, the retail in and recycling designed were sorting stations custom and signage with color-coded that our found openings. We restrictive with comfortable more are customers able are they when the sorting process with the have they the items match to bins on the sign. These specific items that the fact also chosen due to were recycled from constructed were there milk jugs. sorting in post-consumer For and J2 Dining Halls, as Kinsolving sorting in all as pre-consumer well is involvement no customer kitchens, To facilitate the facilitate To

of potato starch ware, we decided to decided to we ware, starch of potato in flatware metal reusable, to return This solved dining locations. all retail cutlery of unsatisfactory the problem the overall as decreasing as well service Reusable generation. waste is used in the all-you-care-to-eat ware Dining Hall, and Kinsolving facilities, a only were J2 Dining Hall, so there including PLA changes required, few straws. Compost Sorting. over the last few years, we have have we years, few the last over compostable identify to been able 95% approximately for replacements items. of our disposable identify to piece challenging The most Flatware be the flatware. to proved in cold is sturdy made of cornstarch low but has a very temperatures made flatware melting point, while has a much higher starch of potato at flexible melting point but is more a year over After all temperatures. a problem. As the compostable As the compostable a problem. has expanded industry ware service

as small compostable bowls, flatware, flatware, bowls, as small compostable posed and some sandwich containers (corn) cups were easily identified as easily cups were (corn) use in for alternatives compostable such but items our dining locations, be challenging at times. Items such at times. Items be challenging (a crushed sugarcane as bagasse and PLA bowls and plates product) ware, plastic salad containers and salad containers plastic ware, needed. This transition were straws to in 2008 and proved began slowly City Limits, Littlefield Patio Café, and Patio Café, City Limits, Littlefield to alternatives Bend Café) Cypress ware service disposable traditional cups, plastic such as wax coated items Service Ware and Equipment Needs. Equipment and Service Ware program composting a successful For (Jester dining locations in the retail Implementation of Composting of Composting Implementation on the UT Campus Program DHFS facilities. Service with TDS with TDS Service facilities. DHFS 2010. in October commenced the process began to find a suitable find a suitable began to the process a competitive After company. chose TDS to DHFS bid process, from waste all compostable handle Bringing Food Waste Composting to UT Austin

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 31 References http://www.composting 1.“Earth Tub,” technology.com/invesselsystems/earthtub/. food service providers on the campus. providers service food evolves, we hope to divert a much divert hope to we evolves, the from waste %age of our greater for other example to set an landfill and administrative offices and break and break offices administrative the into and eventually rooms, As the program areas. residential Future plans involve expanding expanding plans involve Future DHFS to program the composting disrupt the composting process by process disrupt the composting and ultimately screening requiring of the end the value decreasing product. considered to be anything that is not be anything that to considered such as rubber gloves, compostable and can etc., wrappers, candy foil, ware with compostable and reusable and reusable with compostable ware in the as possible as much materials is Contamination dining areas. retail customized sorting stations, through through sorting stations, customized and education, and staff customer landfill-bound plastic by replacing stream from the landfill. We have We have the landfill. from stream contamination the kept successfully the use of the 10% through below rate During the 2010–11 academic year, the year, During the 2010–11 academic diverted program composting DHFS waste our total or 8% of 118 tons the University. Plans Results and Future student’s environmental impact while impact while environmental student’s this will take but that they on campus leave they it after and apply knowledge tours conducted in conjunction with in conjunction conducted tours that this The hope is academics. a decrease will not only program Students are learning this by merely this by merely learning Students are or dining locations dining in DHFS other outreach attending through dining such as the sustainable events of composting and how they can can they how and of composting impact their environmental decrease diversion. this type of waste through program, many students have have students many program, about the benefits been taught (Re)Framing Recycling Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 32 So, the question So, the question 2 converted and the non-converted. and the non-converted. converted by going through specifically, More examined students outlined exercises, of recycling the language and values and then developed and composting be would believe language that they and the the converted to accessible research indicates that is still that is still indicates research information-rich, in today’s consistent world. web-based become: to of engagement expands those who may not reach do you how be or those who might with you agree described as “the non-converted”? course In a 2011 spring undergraduate I “Design and Persuasion,” entitled the problem to students introduced student the campus of persuading their recycling increase population to I designed the participation. While address to of the project full scope in both visual design communication (such as compost forms and physical upon the bins) this paper focuses and the analysis portion involving approach of language to development the audiences: student different two and generally and generally 1 Contemporary social communication social communication Contemporary the information coming toward us at toward coming the information channels multiple all times through make do people and media. How which to about the information choices will pay attention? they their make people Theories on how heavily relied have choices selective theories consistency on cognitive that began in 1957, will seek out that people indicate their that confirms information and assumptions. views preexisting A wealth of information creates a creates A wealth information of povertyattention. of — Herbert Simon and public with community In my work struggle I constantly groups, education people, reach effectively to with how engage new to how and, eventually, of engagement, This question people. or educational marketing whether for This everyone. confronts reasons, by is further complicated challenge Introduction [email protected] Gloria Lee Gloria Design Division Professor, Associate Art History Department of Art and of Fine Arts College (Re)Framing Recycling (Re)Framing (Re)Framing Recycling Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 33

- 7 - , honest , honest , to be , to 8 : empathy for : empathy for are needed are life in . . prosperity fulfilled communication and building, service the commu building, service . , two-way , two-way go in and then go right back out. They back out. They go in and then go right accepted not are or they heard, not are mystify us.” as facts, or they politics the two opposing metaphors: opposing metaphors: politics the two the versus father authoritarian strict summarized (I have nurturing parent and priorities of these these values 1). Table in actors metaphorical two some mixture have people most While speech tends political of these values, the one set or the other for evoke to audiences. purpose of engaging framing through Persuasion be can things that not are “Concepts us a someone telling changed just by with facts, be presented may fact. We them, of sense make us to but for in the is already fit what have to they the brain.synapses of Otherwise facts Community in a community. nity and cooperation com and open two-way Trust—honesty munication a happy person: therefore it becomes it becomes therefore a happy person: be fulfilled to responsibility moral your yourself. be fulfilled to Freedom Opportunity freedom. for Open communication. The Nurturing Parent Empathy and Responsibility take to and responsibility cry, the child’s must you since of someone (and yourself, of the child). care take protection Provide be Wish child to -

world. from

right . dangerous punishment . , since the father has the moral has the moral the father , since the family in the difficult world. in the difficult the family the family in the the family . his children to discern discern to his children Links discipline with pursuing self- Links discipline with pursuing and prosperous and becoming interest self-reliant in of Adam Smith’s Belief in some version her own pursues hand: “if everyone visible hand, invisible then by the self-interest, of all will be the self-interest by nature, maximized…a do-gooder is someone who than help someone else rather is trying to and is getting in the way of those herself Do- self-interests. their pursuing who are (Lakoff:8) up the system.” screw gooders The Strict Father Protect Support Teach wrong is children from Thus, what is required obedience and wrong, from right authority and knows use thus can with prosperity. Links morality like a “hawk” than a “dove,” we might we a “hawk” than a “dove,” like think that she might not first expect the sun, like sources of renewable for consider support but might first to access protects action that military supplies. foreign of In 2004, based on the metaphor published a Lakoff “nation as family,” U.S. of contemporary popular analysis 1 Table “argument is reasoning” approach, approach, is reasoning” “argument might lead the expectation where and collaborative a more toward of uncovering atmosphere rational use also often We things together. our expectations highlight to metaphor mindset and values. of our audience’s saying imagine if we example, For sources alternative need new “We who is more a listener to of energy” where where 5 Metaphors Metaphors and Sharon and Sharon They also argue, also argue, They 3 6 Designer educators Designer educators 4 , that conceptual metaphors metaphors , that conceptual and losers in conversations. This in conversations. and losers the to is in contrast distinction are indefensible,” and “I attacked his and “I attacked indefensible,” are our cognitive structure arguments” of winners attitude and expectation metaphor “argument is struggle” is struggle” “argument metaphor phrases the everyday how reveals claims “your an argument,” “losing both shape our understanding both shape our understanding our and structure of our present the As an example, expectations. and experiencing one kind of thing in one kind of thing and experiencing of another.” terms book in their now-classic Live By We linguist George Lakoff and philosopher and philosopher Lakoff George linguist “the state, Mark Johnson succinctly is understanding of metaphor essence Metaphors are also extremely also extremely are Metaphors used as be can in that they powerful difference—as bridge a method to subsequent formal (image, color, (image, color, subsequent formal choices. typeface) designers’ ideation processes were were processes ideation designers’ of by thinking specifically influenced and thus guided or similes, metaphors Richard Buchanan Richard Poggenpohl. working studies made case also have rhetoric, with visual explicitly Influential design researchers have have researchers Influential design rhetoric role the important into delved notably, plays in design, mostly new visual forms, but also for a but also for visual forms, new of the cognitive deeper understanding communication. effective basis for Close study by designers of the by designers study Close is of communication elements generating for not only important Theoretical Background for for Background Theoretical Designers Metaphors method for generating fresh and fresh generating method for communication. effective non-converted. In doing this, I believe In doing this, I believe non-converted. design a compelling created we (Re)Framing Recycling

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 34 - has recycling and composting, as as and composting, has recycling Student as the LEED-certified well which does not, would Activity Center, their design for good candidates be to and end-designs. research Process language of 1. Linguistic analysis Step in the topic as it applies to topic around language current general, i.e.: Analyze and recycling composting around you do. In other words, framing can can framing words, do. In other you language that also be about finding view world your communicates better agree those who may not initially to with you. Setting The Problem of junior-level my class I charged two select to design students that sites on-campus different help with a recycling/ use could extensive After campaign. composting observation research, on-site the students and documentation, both the Jester that determined which currently area, dining dormitory Ask a question relevance explain and context Provide Commu Responsibility, Opportunity, Freedom, Family, Sacrifice; nity, no limits of human intelligence, growth; No limit to imagination, and wonder Use small words short sentences Brevity—use as philosophy is as important Credibility matters Consistency something new Novelty—offer matter Sound and texture (language of hope) Speak aspirationally Visualize , Luntz lists , Luntz lists Words that Work: It’s Not What You You What Not It’s Work: that Words RULE 5 RULE 6 RULE 7 RULE 8 RULE 9 RULE 10 WINNING VALUES RULE 1 RULE 2 RULE 3 RULE 4 With careful study, exploration and exploration study, With careful values, of audience’s awareness and frames create may be able you the reaches language that effectively to engage audiences: difficult most as believe those who may not already 2 Table ten rules for communication and communication for rules ten and winning that are highlights values 2). In brief, Luntz (Table important is aspirational, that optimism believes and in his description, the winning and arena, in the political strategy (emotional) aspect of thus important message. one’s framing and Luntz’s Based on both Lakoff develop to it should be possible work, the emotions that evokes framing specific audiences. for and values evokes emotions that influence the emotions that influence evokes ‘tax so that those who support debate those who while heroes, are relief’ support the enemies who do not are metaphor affliction. The orientational strong undeniably of good/bad has an emotional pull. In Hear People What Say, It’s Further, he Further, values values 9 10 plus Thus the frame Thus the frame 12 11 that words and emotion together and emotion together that words known force powerful the most are mankind. to life as we know it. We know it has know it. We know as we life it has know we changed history; that it know changed behavior; we know it. We or stop a war start can studying, no matter what it puts no matter studying, with emotion through…words you change can change destiny, can have to have a heart, and you have have a heart, and you have to have to have emotion, and you have to are what you become be willing to In this business of language, you of language, you In this business there is both a victim and a hero who is both a victim and a hero there the victim. rescues of Luntz’s frames, “relief” when “relief” frames, of Luntz’s that Relief indicates taxes. applied to is an affliction, which means there Lakoff provides an excellent analysis analysis an excellent provides Lakoff one of the emotions that structure importance: principles match their values, then their values, match principles matter.” won’t the details of primary that emotions are insists global warming. To effectively frame frame effectively warming. To global one must believes Luntz the debate, of and values the emotions appeal to He espouses: “If your the audience. relief ” (versus tax cuts) “exploring cuts) “exploring tax ” (versus relief of drilling for (instead energy” for of change” (instead oil) and “climate and values is Frank Luntz, the is Frank and values who consultant wordsmithing such “tax phrases powerful promoted that fits your world view.” your that fits framing for reference An important values to begin understand their ideas begin understand to values one that understanding, of truth. From the debate, frame then begin to can is about getting language “framing for the idea of metaphors the idea of metaphors One a framework. when developing audience’s meet the target needs to Issues of persuasion enter the picture the picture enter of persuasion Issues and deploys when one understands (Re)Framing Recycling Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 35 and is needed for and is needed for 13 meaning is augmented to apply to the to apply to meaning is augmented itself. act of recycling Conclusion metaphors, of analyzing This process and about values as thinking as well to the problem of hypocognition was of hypocognition the problem to imagined the Earth,” which they “Feed line when a secondary involve would campaign: persuasive used in a larger first.” you the Earth: It feeds “Feed nurturing, evokes This statement (Consequently, and care. protection spent much of their time they of manifestation on physical working the trash/ redesigning persuasion: a dormitory bins for compost/recycling dining hall.) the of persuading the challenge For evolved the students non-converted, the Potential,” “Release the phrase allude to to intended which they things such as potential positive which or materials energy money, lie dormant in our “trash” currently (freedom, values —all optimistic potential). is applied with slogan When this new symbol, the recycling the standard to a word or two” a word such The phrases framing. effective for and “Contract as “death tax” solutions successful are America” architect similarly that problem; to but simple William McDonough’s is = Food” “Waste equation powerful another example. Results upon that focused group The student parent” “nurturing the converted, perhaps had the easiest audience in of framing, the issue time regarding grounded is deeply that sustainability Their solution in that set of values. , or what hypocognition Step 3. Solve the hypocognition problem problem 3. SolveStep the hypocognition and 1) the converted, twofor audiences: 2) the non-converted of the analysis, step In the final groups different two formed students ideas, and set about brainstorming language and visuals that would audiences. one of the two appeal to solve was to The added challenge of the problem says is “the lack of a relatively Lakoff by be evoked that can frame simple both “converted” as well as falling as falling as well both “converted” camp, “the nurturing parent” to into those who did not would while and values to respond likely most They father.” language of “the strict of up types conjure then began to within who might also fall students and based on categories, those two began to experiences, their personal and priorities the values determine with those anticipate could they groups. metaphorical framing concepts, concepts, framing metaphorical emphasis on as Luntz’s as well “winning” emotions and values, two to and applied these concepts and recycling for audiences general that the agreed They composting. and father” of “the strict metaphors good were the “nurturing parent” audiences the two for archetypes of sustainability, engaged in issues in equating those who believed and warming global human-caused who were as people in recycling - Research and then summarize your and - Research the audience about knowledge the most effective- Determine or interests that persuasive areas them concerns various - Study the frameworks around metaphors and determine audiences personas with those resonate may that of Lakoff’s Students then learned Donate: tithing, dues Donate: Gift/Payment Rentals: cars, carts, DVD carts, cars, Rentals: mail, gift, trade Exchange: Swapping: potlucks, potlatch Libraries: borrow/return Libraries: you are attempting to persuade (aka to attempting you are audience): could win over “linear/progress.” win over could the stakeholder(s) 2. Determine Step conclusion that currently the notion that currently conclusion positive needed more of a cycle it before and practices connotations of cyclic exchanges that are generally generally that are exchanges of cyclic (Table behaviors valued positively the overall drew we 3.) However, We also brainstormed existing models existing also brainstormed We Table 3 Table neutral in terms of desirability, having of desirability, in terms neutral of aspects in terms many negative too metaphors. orientational decided that the contemporary terms terms decided that the contemporary and “post- “precycle,” of “upcycle,” at best, were, waste,” consumer The general consensus was that consensus The general be good, overall could “cycle” while as “progress,” when viewed “linear,” also They desirable. highly was more Which one of the paired orientational orientational Which one of the paired us? mapped as “good” to metaphors as not desirable? mapped Which were linear (progress)/cycle; new/old—and new/old—and linear (progress)/cycle; at these in relationship look began to “reduce/reuse/recycle.” the classic to front/back. Together as a class, as a class, Together front/back. additional orientational listed we light/dark; metaphors—big/small; general concepts regarding regarding concepts general the latter metaphors, orientational deep/shallow, which includes: in/out; up/down, on/off, central/peripheral, We began the process with an began the process We and Johnson’s of Lakoff overview by analyzing spatial and structural spatial analyzing by metaphors. (Re)Framing Recycling Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 36 , 59 Design etaphors etaphors (White (White Design Issues , Vol. 2, No. 1 , Vol. , Vol. 4. (London: , Vol. Advances in Advances , v32 n3, (Oct 1998), A Theory Cognitive of Don’t think of an elephant: an elephant: Don’t think of Design Issues Journal of Communication Journal of . (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University University Stanford CA: Alto, . (Palo (Chicago, Ill., London: University of Ill., London: University (Chicago, Visible Language Visible , Vol. 8, No. 2 (Spring, 1992), pp. 5–21. , Vol. 6. George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, M Lakoff 6. George we live by 2003), 5. Press, Chicago Lakoff, 7. George your valuesKnow and frame the debate Chelsea Green Junction, Vermont: River Publishing, 2004), 7–34. 1. Leon Festinger. 1. Leon Festinger. Dissonance “The Theory of and Elliot Aronson, 1957); Press, Perspective,” A Current Dissonance: Cognitive ed., Berkowitz, in Leonard SocialExperimental Psychology 1969. 2–32). Press, Academic Elsevier Media, S. Hahn,“Red and Kyu Iyengar 2. Shanto Selectivity of Ideological Blue Media: Evidence in Media Use.” (2009), 19–39. by Design: Buchanan, “Declaration 3. Richard in and Demonstration Argument, Rhetoric, Design Practice,” Buchanan, (Spring, 1985), 4–22; and Richard in Design Thinking,” Problems “Wicked Issues Visual Rhetoric: Helmer Poggenpohl, 4. Sharon Language, v32 n3, Visible An Introduction,” Helmer (Oct 1998), 197–199; and Sharon and Damned: Rhetorical “Doubly Poggenpohl, Visual,” 200–33. Macbeth: 5. Hanno H. J. Ehses, “Representing A Case Study in Visual Rhetoric,” 1, No. 1 (Spring, 1984), 53–63. Vol. metaphors and frames for their for and frames metaphors begin to might we embedded values, of the ears reach to how understand with us—or, agree those who do not our language how by being aware toward obstacle itself might be an At this point in conversation. possible be able to need we time, it appears open their to listen to get people to can we before voice, different to ears starting common a find begin to even once For the conversation. point for engage disagreeing constructively you reason might then begin to you people, together. References - - - ” décroissance linear) economics, still endorses endorses still linear) economics, metaphor—a the same orientational linear one—but in the negative is unlikely This movement direction. while any of the unconverted: reach to the same orientational it embraces the less it has selected metaphor, to direction “optimistic” desirable, in—downward. move our by examining importantly, More to a craft shop on Etsy—Recycle/ a craft to 4]. If [Table Repurpose/Redo/Renew. a moment upon some of one reflects don’t express they of words, the choice the more “winning optimism” or even aspects of metaphorical desirable rot growth, versus (reduce pairs fresh). versus the “ Similarly, whose movement, (degrowth) the idea of challenge is to intention (upwardly “growth-based” continued that are embedded in our current our current embedded in that are and visual languages. For spoken example, has been Reuse, Recycle” “Reduce, by many specific industries, adapted district— sanitation a from ranging Reduce/Reuse/Recycle/Rot—to development— for guide business Reduction/Reuse/Recycle/Recovery— s R Castro Valley Sanitary District Sanitary Valley Castro with the associated nonprofit Coalition, a global Pollution Plastic Earth Island Institute Sustainability consultants, who provide: program evaluation; ma evaluation; program who provide: consultants, Sustainability environ electronics, design for management and recycling; terial planning and implementation. compliance, ment; regulatory shop on etsy.com The4Rs, a Craft Business and Sustainable Development Guide, International Insti Guide, International Development and Sustainable Business Development Sustainable for tute - - - - Refuse/Reduce/ Reuse/Recycle19 new17 Reduce/Reuse/ Recycle/Rot18 Recycle/Repur pose/Redo/Re ery15 Reduce/Reuse/Re cycle/Renew16 Reduction/Reuse/ Recycle/Recov Table 4. Alternatives to the Three the Three to 4. Alternatives Table To do this, we need to understand the understand need to do this, we To metaphors and orientational values metaphors. The pressing issue for for issue The pressing metaphors. build a larger to is how sustainability and believers. of supporters audience sustainability and other “nurturing sustainability benefit from would values parent” and frames their own reviewing that the struggle was worth it. was worth that the struggle of supporters I believe Furthermore, rhetorical analysis is not a typical is not a typical analysis rhetorical begin—students to designers way for visual into straight leap generally reported students sketching—these frames, can be helpful in devising be helpful in devising can frames, and ways of communicating fresh design solutions. While generating (Re)Framing Recycling

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 37 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, & Rot.” Accessed July July Accessed & Rot.” Reuse, Recycle, Reduce, 12, 2011. www.cvsan.org/content/4rs-reduce- reuse-recycle-rot. Coalition. Accessed Pollution 19. Plastic http:// the Pledge” 12, 2011. “Take July plasticpollutioncoalition.org/donate-2/pledge/. (White (White (New York: York: (New Don’t think of an elephant: an elephant: Don’t think of Words that work: It’s not not work: that It’s Words com/shop/The4Rs. “The 4Rs: District, Sanitary Valley 18. Castro www.4rsustainability.com/content/The4Rs/ tabid/64/Default.aspx. 12, 2011. www.etsy. July 17. The4Rs. Accessed Development Guide.” Accessed July 12, 2011. July Guide.” Accessed Development http://www.iisd.org/business/tools/bt_4r.aspx. 12, 2011. July Accessed 16. 4|R Sustainability. institutional or governmental system: system: or governmental institutional Sustainable for Institute 15. International and Sustainable “Business Development, interpret it as not only theoretically recyclable recyclable theoretically it as not only interpret within their current recyclable but actually that all materials have commonly available available commonly have that all materials and when an end-user/ processes, recycling the symbol, may improperly views consumer the Society of Plastic Industries-developed an Industries-developed the Society of Plastic coding system, identification resin international so that they help identify materials meant to this does not mean However, might be recycled. been used in many ways, and may indicate been used in many ways, and may indicate the generally to content, recycled anything from general of the object, to recyclable-nature In addition, of recycling. the cause support for 14. While the students were not aware of it, not aware were the students 14. While symbol for their manipulation of the recycling with its history. purpose is consistent their own The symbol, which is in the public domain, has Publishing, 2004), 3 13. Ibid, 24. 12. George Lakoff, Lakoff, 12. George your valuesKnow and frame the debate Chelsea Green Junction, Vermont: River Hyperion, 2007), 207. Luntz, with Frank Interview 11. Frontline: 15, 2004). (December 9. Ibid., 4. Luntz, 10. Frank hear people what it’s youwhat say, 8. Ibid., 17. A Sustainable Mobility Space:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 38 Theory and Principles to Guide Stewardship of the UT Campus stewardship of a shared resource—a resource—a of a shared stewardship mobility space—might sustainable the current escape help us to And, the right positional debate. to the stakeholders amongst forum transform help to mobility at UT could Making conflict. that underlying thinking and creating a forum that can that can a forum thinking and creating this process. help catalyze the Conversation: I. Reframing Mobility a Sustainable Cultivating Space by the was inspired This project by the Center hosted forum bike in the Development Sustainable for in the spring of School of Architecture that the frustrated feeling 2011. I left stripped seemed somewhat dialogue it a conversation leaving of nuance, lanes, and learning bike about safety, a prompted That forum the rules. around issues insights: safety few of the larger symptomatic biking are but are of conflict, causes underlying Reframing itself. conflict not the root as the the goal of the discussion of the community to participate in participate to of the community a new way that might offer a new way a new might offer way that a new think about the goal of the mobility to to on the UT campus: movement of a sustainable the creation promote mobility space. that can a set of principles 2) Generate the for of a forum guide the creation that might mobility space UT Austin in a stakeholders engage the various way that will engender sustainability. the members to an invitation 3) Issue This essay is an attempt to take the take to is an attempt This essay conversation public of the flow current biking and mobility on campus around a in it theoretically and reframe possibilities new way that creates of the stewardship sustainable for UT Campus. This paper and the to attempt presentation accompanying things: do three in of the issue the scope reframe 1) To Introduction Doctoral Student Doctoral Planning Program Community and Regional School of Architecture [email protected] Stewardship of the UT Campus Stewardship Alan Bush A Sustainable Mobility Space: Mobility Space: A Sustainable Guide to Theory and Principles A Sustainable Mobility Space:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 39 Theory and Principles to Guide Stewardship of the UT Campus crossing roads at points other than roads crossing stop to expected are Cars crosswalks. pedestrians and yield to signs at stop expected are Bikes in crosswalks. at stop stop and ride in the road to are These rules signs, and so forth. by imposed and enforced generally alongside other bikes, and stops for a for and stops other bikes, alongside to in order in a wheelchair gentleman many different are There class. get to ways to and physical technological strategies—that get around—mobility usage of and negotiate share to have the mobility commons. topography is a clear there Second, Jonah can’t the mobility commons. to quad. He the through drive really south on campus, north to bike can of weaving, do a lot to but he’ll have dismounting, cutbacks and so cross only Jonah can do it. to forth points. at certain Guadalupe on foot the physical to That topography uses some privileges infrastructure and discriminates in some spaces others. against part is the law, or the formal The third behavior and conduct for expectations of the mobility commons. by users from prohibited are Pedestrians The Mobility Commons to think this is from idea key The first to all share that we about the space property as a common get around to Jonah has class, get to To resource. of not only space a common navigate ramps, access but sidewalks, roads so zones and paths, pedestrian bike with others. shared each that are forth regulated this physical, call We’ll commons.” playing field “the mobility key has four The mobility commons in mind. keep need to will we features Jonah has to class, get to to First, negotiates pedestrians, through weave moves and motorcycles, cars s are legally legally s are he vaguely remembers from from remembers he vaguely that seemed surprised to see him, he that seemed surprised to conflicts the little Despite stopped. when getting around, and interactions he doesn’t think about it much. But debating about as he’s so often every an access getting off his bike—at the flood of five or watching ramp, plug Martin Luther traffic o’clock is (which otherwise King Boulevard could if there full)—he wonders never get us all to way for be some better around. but not stopping going through a stop a stop going through but not stopping jaywalk all the pedestrians sign, yet lane the bike off into step time—even hides at risk—and and put their own bothered no one seems particularly standards with them. The double him. annoy says drive campus inter He knows but traffic, against bike can that you the sign, there does. Despite he never and after bikers, for space isn’t a clear with a UPS truck call having a close other bikers would do, and saw that would other bikers cruising before down slow would they The the intersection. right on through expect to come have seem to cars so now through, plow that bikers even him on, waive they if he stops He’s of way. the right have when they when rolls eye a few gotten even go. to the car waits for he patiently through as he comes often So now, a stop that have intersections campus not but and look, down sign, he’ll slow slowing at for been yelled He’s stop. amazed when traffic actually stops for for stops actually amazed when traffic without a cross when they pedestrians does too. walk signal. So, he What ed. is that bike driver’s obey to and have thought of as cars, with contrasts That the same rules. When he what he sees day-to-day. what watched campus, he to got first

and needs adaptation ? What does are we balancing? All this balancing? we are of the mobility commons of the mobility commons mobility commons usage light on Guadalupe. Having grown up light on Guadalupe. Having grown always he’s in southern California, Coming in to campus, he has to he has to campus, Coming in to and the people dodge his way through waiting at the on 26th Street, traffic cars regularly, paying for gas when he gas when he paying for regularly, cars does. annoying to walk, so most days he walk, so most to annoying He doesn’t own campus. to over bikes of his friends’ two but borrows a car, in his junior year. He is studying He is studying in his junior year. in west over and lives chemistry, just friends. It’s with a few campus enough away that it is a little far Let me begin this with a story. Meet Let me begin this with a story. Jonah. Jonah is an undergraduate a sustainable mobility space. a sustainable of Jonah The Story is very abstract, so let me begin with a so let abstract, is very throughout to refer can that we story of the elements illustrate this paper to talking about? What does about? What talking What mean in this context? constraints This prompts many questions. What What many questions. This prompts is a the are mean? Who is the all that we equitably responds to changing needs to responds equitably and constraints. space is the adaptive usage of the the adaptive is space for that provides mobility commons and the needs of all in a way that justly First a definition of a sustainable a definition of a sustainable First mobility sustainable mobility space—a such a space. Mobility Definition of a Sustainable Space have a sustainable mobility space for for mobility space a sustainable have we of how and second a community, for the right conditions might create sense of those insights inspired an inspired sense of those insights to of what it means first exploration A Sustainable Mobility Space:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 40 Theory and Principles to Guide Stewardship of the UT Campus ) cluster

3 a 2 routes to work. Underlying the Underlying work. to routes are that Jonah sees, there complexity Many students at work. some patterns Campus, does: on West Jonah like live and occasionally, a car borrowing to get back and forth to using a bike ( school. When many people Our many users of the mobility Our many users trying to always are commons for their needs meet out how figure in a way that allows getting around of these needs meet each them to get around want to We simultaneously. doesn’t safe—Jonah in a way that feels he’s while his bike get hit on want to get around want to We getting around. appropriate—we in a way that feels are our choices like feel want to and fit others enough to acceptable of social norms for with some group In getting around getting around. is our treatment like feel want to we are we like feel don’t want to fair–we in how against being discriminated on the The challenge get around. we get to anywhere—is UT campus—or these in a way that balances around aspects of being human. different seems to he class, to bike In Jonah’s number of people, a bewildering pass individual their own all following signs on 26th street, he sees so many signs on 26th street, them that he feels running others stick pressured—to comfortable—even norm and run social the prevailing to the sign as well. animals. We moral are we Third, of the need the same sense share cats monkeys, that birds, fairness for display in the and other mammals is sense of injustice wild. So, Jonah’s risks and taking by constantly aroused violations traffic at for being yelled in when all he wants is what all those move the right to have: seem to cars and unhindered. about freely 1 what feels safe. So, even though the So, even safe. what feels eastbound bike Jonah he can tell rules his sense drive, campus inter down his understanding overrides of safety a and he makes of what is permitted choice. different We social animals. are we Second, to others to looking constantly are what values, ourselves for establish want and behavior we practices though Jonah So, even embody. to at the stop stop is to the rule knows of users of the mobility commons. of the mobility commons. of users drive, speed on inner campus Cars run jaywalk, and cyclists pedestrians such a signs. So why is there stop difference? within Human behavior studies part a three offer social psychology animals. are we First, explanation. is safety, One of our basic concerns our revising constantly are and we keep and behavior to practices of within the parameters ourselves The second half of this explanation is half of this explanation The second and the picture, in to bringing people do we of how the questions answering use the to how decisions about make meet our needs to mobility commons use of Who makes getting around? for the mobility commons? of the law this question to return Let’s the law– a bit. Obviously for and safety behavior—is quite for the expectations the actual behavior from different privileges some uses in some some uses privileges against and discriminates spaces others. rules by explicit • Is governed space. physical use of the regulating physical, economic, • Is subject to constraints. and other contextual Use the Mobility Commons— We How the Mobility Space variety of mobility strategies. of mobility strategies. variety that • Includes a topography many users that: many users a negotiations between • Involves So what we have so far is a definition so far have So what we a physical, of a mobility commons: by shared landscape infrastructural on the University developing a healthy developing on the University mobility space. clear boundary between the mobility boundary between clear UT and the city of for commons context physical the broader Austin, to constraint an important becomes the city’s mobility commons would would mobility commons the city’s biking. against discriminate still a draw to it is impossible Since to bike from other parts of the city to other parts of the city to from bike to friendly how matter it won’t campus, might be since biking the campus to This raises an important question: question: an important This raises is the boundary of the mobility where impossible UT? If it were for commons to navigate the mobility commons of the mobility commons navigate to city. the broader mobility commons. Another constraint Another constraint mobility commons. Many context. physical is the broader all over UT live who attend students have they campus, get to and to Austin for classrooms, park space, dorms, park space, classrooms, for so much is only there and so forth the expand with to work to space mobility strategies and mobility mobility strategies is constraint Another key cultures. needs With the competing physical. of money to work with in creating with in creating work to of money and balancing mobility infrastructure the needs of the many competing field are the contextual constraints constraints contextual the field are One the mobility commons. to The constraint. aspect is economic amount has a limited University security. of the playing aspect The fourth some “higher authority,” in this case case in this some “higher authority,” campus and of Texas the University A Sustainable Mobility Space:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 41 Theory and Principles to Guide Stewardship of the UT Campus 4) Cultural Clusters as Stakeholders— Clusters 4) Cultural the democratic be effective, To on the cultural should focus process and not mobility as actors clusters or individuals. This sets strategies dynamic negotiations by for the stage participation of all actors that make that make participation of all actors resource property use of the common decisions about in making collective property manage the common to how takes usually Stewardship resource. of process of a democratic the form So, the UT or another. one variety should be stewarded mobility space of process by some kind of democratic engagement and negotiation. University Role—The 3) University process a democratic should embrace the plan for an adaptation creating for allow This would UT mobility space. back and step to the administration stakeholder. of a critical play the role tying their hands, this from Far negotiate them to allow in fact would their needs within a process for of producing capable environment a visionary plan that is consonant and is of constraints with the system of current of the interests integrative users. and future sustainable mobility space. sustainable Resource 1) Common Property for mobility space Stewardship—The be thought can campus the UT Austin property common of as an emergent of condition A common resource. emergent running long healthy, is that resources property common by their stewarded effectively are they the sustainability Consequently, users. mobility space of the UT Austin by the stewardship active requires use of it. that makes community Process—Stewardship 2) Democratic resource property of a common engaged the structured, involves physical and social constraints at each and social constraints physical of scale. layer Stewardship for II. Principles out the components Having sketched what does of the UT mobility space, the approach to how for that suggest mobility of a sustainable catalysis a set of are The following space? meant and propositions principles the beginning outline of provide to a might craft the UT community how sense, it is the expression of what it sense, it is the expression citizen through active be an means to citizenship: of layers the multiple urban, ecosystemic, communal, local, national, biomal, global. state, an have us to requires Sustainability of the impacts and awareness active of individual not only consequences the impacts for but of systemic choice, For of the UT mobility space. whole sustainability the UT mobility space, in its role to means it is responsive economic, on ecological, pressing mobility commons a mobility space, space, a mobility mobility commons an space the mobility and makes system. dynamic complex adaptive Mobility Space A Sustainable the map to a road have that we Now a mobility for of what makes elements that what does it mean for space, In one sense be sustainable? to space is the mother of all sustainability in which our the sandbox constraints, play—or else. In another society must in a constant adaptive relationship. relationship. adaptive in a constant the topography, The same is true for and usage of the mobility constraints of It is the dynamism commons. how on campus, around get we how the formal between the interactions mobility commons of the structures needs, their human with complex and the expressions, aggregate the of each part that makes evolutions

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a social norms are fixed entities. Both entities. fixed social norms are each other to change, and respond cyclists must dismount. must cyclists The point is that neither law nor change the law, so the quad felt safe, safe, change the law, so the quad felt use. So, all to for and fair appropriate, the school changed the law so that cycling movement gained momentum, movement cycling threatened. feel to started pedestrians the school to for mounted Pressure UT had always been that bikes were were been that bikes UT had always the quad at ride through to allowed this hadn’t been full speed. Before, such a big deal, but as the recent it or not, each aspect of the mobility it or not, each aspect of the mobility time as does changes over commons say the law for our usage of it. Let’s So what does adaptation mean for our mean for So what does adaptation people and how mobility commons of conscious are use it? Whether we those cultural clusters making use of making clusters those cultural mobility commons. the UT campus negotiation and deliberation amongst amongst negotiation and deliberation is of the mobility space the users of the needs and constraints knowing is happening amongst aggregate aggregate is happening amongst mobility are they entities. In this case, step So, a key clusters. cultural effective for a forum in providing are all happening between individuals, happening between all are usage negotiation over the real resource property of a common Rather than there being 60,000 Rather than there are uses, there competing different the interactions 4, or 16, or 25. While commons in terms of mobility cultural of mobility cultural in terms commons of the question make helps to clusters manageable. who uses the commons call Jonah’s Jonah’s call bikers. commuter campus the west of the mobility Seeing the users strategy do it ( We’ll cluster. it as a mobility cultural has a roughly shared set of practices set of practices shared has a roughly ( get around they in how A Sustainable Mobility Space:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 42 Theory and Principles to Guide Stewardship of the UT Campus Kaplan, Steven & Rachel Kaplan. Kaplan, Steven Max-Neef, Manfred A. Human Scale A. Human Scale Max-Neef, Manfred Among Dwell To Claude Serge. Fischer, References 1. 1991. York. New Press, Apex Development. 2. and City. in Town Networks Personal Friends: 1992 Press, of Chicago University 3. Ulrich’s People. for Environments Humanscape: 1982. Press. positioned debate? positioned debate? you: With that, I hand this idea to many take forums democratic of all hands and the willingness find this build. If you participating to My own. it your make idea compelling, some possible proposes presentation get the to such a forum for forms juices and creative conversation out some ways that and lays flowing might members other community and participate. feedback provide stewardship established can we begin we can established stewardship of sustainability. work the long to left many questions are There look what might such a forum answer: and organize Who should host like? the process keep do we it? How infuse the do we How transparent? and useful with solid data process into descending without knowledge techniques What tedium? lecture the space create use to do we thought, not just considered for those that live within our system of within our system those that live constraints. III. Conclusion and an Invitation of saying is fond Moore Steven Dr. as useful as is nothing quite there go from That said, to a good theory. of the UT stewardship active to here the hard involves mobility commons and dialogue, of organizing, work the pains of change. And, accepting of a healthy system have we once only uses that fairly provide mobility provide uses that fairly of within the system staying while the mobility commons. for constraints to element This is the linchpin clusters some cultural sustainability: than sustainable more simply are a sustainable for In order others. must we emerge, to mobility space our from an evolution drive collectively towards mobility strategies current physical constraints should privilege should privilege constraints physical the namely others, some uses over 9) Sustainability Driving 9) Sustainability consideration Privileging**—The and social, ecological, of economic, topography of the mobility commons of the mobility commons topography negotiation. for be on the table must In the long run, in order for the for run, in order In the long of fairness, issues address to process the and safety, appropriateness mobility commons must be on the must mobility commons negotiation. and open to table Mobility Topography— 8) Adaptive 7) Adaptive Laws—In order for the for Laws—In order 7) Adaptive as is be as adaptive to mobility space the the laws that govern necessary, can delve into what how the mobility the mobility what how into delve can itself should adapt. commons negotiate in the space, assuming assuming space, in the negotiate This is static. the mobility commons which forums, later inform can forum do long-term creative negotiation creative do long-term build, an initial forum time to takes clusters cultural on how should focus cultural cluster now and in the future. now cluster cultural Capital— 6) Building Collaborative to capital the collaborative Because of the system, and to identify the identify and to of the system, in involved and costs constraints of each the support and promotion ecologically? Mapping the breadth of the breadth Mapping ecologically? of use is important system the cultural and adaptability the fairness ensure to Who are the cultural clusters that use clusters the cultural Who are what are and the UT mobility space, economically, their impacts, socially, 5) Knowledge of the System—The of the System—The 5) Knowledge a should be built upon process research of field foundation sufficient of use. the landscape establish to and flexible enough in interests to be enough in interests and flexible negotiable. and adaptive framing the actors in a way that is few in a way that is few actors the framing be manageable, to enough in number Improving Transportation Efficiency for Sustainable Society by

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 43 Autonomous Traffic Management 1 to enter intersections. enter to In 2007, the Department of Computer in collaboration at UT Austin, Science Robot Technology, with Austin vehicle autonomous designed a fully without run in urban traffic that can and air pollutants. Unfortunately, Unfortunately, and air pollutants. fuel fossil for an ideal replacement As demand available. is not readily an increasing, keeps transport for is system efficient transportation the long-term for important extremely Motivated of our society. sustainability in autonomous advances by the recent and Stone Dresner technology, vehicle control intersection a novel proposed Autonomous mechanism called Management (AIM) to Intersection through vehicles autonomous direct showed They an intersection. of the capacity that by leveraging is it driving systems computerized control a traffic devise to possible outperforms significantly that system stop signals and traffic traditional in fuel savings since signs, resulting and wait stop to likely less are vehicles a major source of greenhouse gas of greenhouse a major source extend the scope of our system to a to of our system the scope extend and of intersections citywide network the conditions analyze theoretically in gets stuck under which no vehicle is property This liveness forever. traffic in systems transportation for essential society. a sustainable Introduction is overly Modern transportation fuel, which is dependent on fossil but also resource, a finite not only Recent robot car competitions and competitions car robot Recent convincingly have demonstrations vehicles autonomous that fully shown or near- with current feasible are technology. vehicle intelligent future on autonomous research Our previous management establishes intersection of the capacities that by leveraging to it is possible vehicles autonomous the time wasted reduce dramatically also fuel and therefore in traffic, and air pollution. We consumption Abstract Dept. of Computer Science Dept. of Computer [email protected] [email protected] Stone Peter Professor Associate [email protected] Neda Shahidi in Neurosciences PhD student at Houston Center Health Science Univ of Texas Tsz-Chiu Au Tsz-Chiu Fellow Post-Doctoral Science Dept. of Computer Society by Autonomous Traffic Traffic Society by Autonomous Management Improving Transportation Transportation Improving for Sustainable Efficiency Improving Transportation Efficiency for Sustainable Society by

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 44 Autonomous Traffic Management Unbalanced Unbalanced —when the traffic on a main —when the traffic Fig. 02 Unbalanced traffic. traffic. Fig. 02 Unbalanced Liveness in Autonomous Traffic Traffic in Autonomous Liveness Management traffic In designing such autonomous make need to we systems, control be stuck would that no vehicle sure long. too for in the traffic traffic is much heavier than the traffic road prevent road—can on a crossing from road on the crossing vehicles In Fig. the intersection. entering (the the side road from 02, vehicles difficulty in have direction) vertical the enter to getting reservations the heavy traffic due to intersection fuel consumption of vehicles. We We of vehicles. fuel consumption to save simulator modified our traffic vehicles of the profiles all velocity the then analyzed in simulation and due of the fuel consumption overhead total is the overhead (the the traffic to minus of all vehicles fuel consumption of consumptions the sum of the fuel is no other when there the vehicles Our preliminary road). on the traffic that the use of the AIM show results of the overhead reduces protocol by approximately fuel consumption an with when compared thirds two by traffic controlled intersection signals. vehicle control and coordination. and coordination. control vehicle our hypothesis that the test To intersection use of auton¬¬omous fuel consumption reduce can systems an designed we tremendously, regarding data collect to experiment under of vehicles fuel consumption and with both the AIM protocol signals. That data traffic traditional using Powertrain was collected Software Toolkit Analysis System an industrial-strength (PSAT), estimating simulation package for because it is a relatively small it is a relatively because cities in the city (unlike developing with a special coast) and west east industry. on technological focus The obvious benefit of autonomous and is the convenience vehicles driving by autonomous brought safety of the elimination due to systems vehicle from human intervention it opens Furthermore, control. reducing for opportunities up new precise through fuel consumption of a mix of autonomous vehicles and vehicles of a mix of autonomous our To vehicles? human-controlled one of the first are we knowledge, the design address to groups research for systems of transportation issues In addition to vehicles. autonomous the funding support by the Federal we (FHWA), Highway Administration with General also collaborated have for branch whose research Motors, is research vehicle autonomous Austin believe We in Texas. located this research for is an ideal place to “drive” autonomous cars on the cars autonomous “drive” to there. roads think that it is therefore, We, transportation consider time to support autonomous to systems of question central The vehicles. is: research our transportation transportation what is the best consists that traffic for infrastructure recently passed a law making it legal a law making it legal passed recently driving. Even laws are changing laws are driving. Even technological these to in response Nevada instance, For developments. testing a fleet of autonomous cars on cars fleet of autonomous a testing thousands logging already roads, real autonomous of successful of miles on the market, such as adaptive such as adaptive on the market, parking and automatic cruise control has also been Google capabilities. Challenge, many manufacturers many manufacturers Challenge, cars— on autonomous working are technologies building on autonomous currently included in cars already demonstrated by current research and research by current demonstrated the remarkable In addition to practice. Urban of the DARPA success on the road will be driven entirely by entirely will be driven on the road The demand and potential computer. is already vehicles autonomous for Based on our experience with Based on our experience that believe we vehicles, autonomous if not all, vehicles most, eventually United States that offers courses on courses that offers States United vehicles. autonomous have continued working on the working continued have its capacities. improve to vehicle Our department is one of the few in the departments science computer run autonomously for participating for run autonomously Urban Challenge. in the 2007 DARPA our students the competition, After human control (Fig. 01). It is an Isuzu human control to that has been upgraded VehiCross Fig. 01 UT autonomous vehicle at Pickle Research Center. Research at Pickle vehicle Fig. 01 UT autonomous Improving Transportation Efficiency for Sustainable Society by

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 45 Autonomous Traffic Management Journal of Artificial Intelligence ArtificialJournal of Intelligence 31, (2008): 591-656. Tsz-Chiu Au, Neda Shahidi, and Peter Stone, Stone, Au, Neda Shahidi, and Peter Tsz-Chiu 2. Ibid. 3. Traffic in Autonomous Liveness “Enforcing of the Twenty-Fifth Management,” Proceedings (2011). Intelligence, on Artificial Conference most, if not all, vehicles in the future in the future all, vehicles if not most, the By leveraging will be autonomous. of autonomous capacities advanced design a set out to we vehicles, on with a focus system transportation We believe fuel and time efficiency. research vehicle that the autonomous to potential has a great at UT Austin our future for greener our world make generations. References Multiagent “A Stone, and Peter 1. Kurt Dresner Intersection Autonomous to Approach Management,” Research

3 , like the one , like gridlock can own a personal vehicle that can that can vehicle a personal own can much sooner by itself will come drive In expect. would people than most “tell” will simply people the future, and then the destination the vehicle that will bring them to the vehicle efficient the most along destination convenience, Apart from route. will driving systems autonomous by safer our journey also make in the eliminating human errors Based on of the vehicles. loop control that anticipate we our experiences, in a road network and present the present and network in a road of a for liveness conditions sufficient road network. a of version simplified shed light on what can This analysis and starvation prevent is needed to transportation in a flowing traffic keep network. Conclusions may seem vehicles Autonomous in scientific technology a future like the day when people In fact, novels. the history—the 60-mile jam lasted lasted jam 60-mile the history—the important 10 days. Thus it is very for guarantee systems that transportation and in traffic gets stuck that no vehicle its reaches eventually vehicle every of property (the liveness destination Although systems). the transportation intersection of individual the liveness by policies as guaranteed controllers, is necessary policy, such as our batch in a network, gridlock preventing for We it is not by itself sufficient. properties liveness analyze therefore blockage called called blockage the occurs, in Fig. 03. When gridlock one to limited impact is no longer at as many vehicles intersection, network traffic parts of the different in all occurs Gridlock involved. are instance, For parts of the world. of Chinese gridlock the “Great China, is 2010” in Hebei province, jam in traffic the worst considered

2 . starvation property of an property , which is not only , which is not only liveness batch policy batch Starvation at one intersection may at one intersection Starvation network a into develop potentially the intersection is guaranteed to enter enter to is guaranteed the intersection eventually. the intersection and leave version of the batch policy can policy can of the batch version the enforce waiting at vehicle intersection—every to prevent inequalities in granting inequalities in granting prevent to traffic. in unbalanced reservations that a modified further showed We We recently introduced a new a new introduced recently We policy called control intersection the as efficient as AIM but also able this type of traffic, they are an order of an order are they this type of traffic, AIM. efficient than magnitude less vehicles on 38th Street due to the due to on 38th Street vehicles traffic signals. While red prolonged handle and fairly smoothly signals can Lamar Boulevard is usually much is usually Lamar Boulevard on 38th than traffic heavier and faster the delay for a long causing Street, the intersection at Lamar Boulevard at Lamar Boulevard the intersection is one of the worst and 38th Street on the traffic in Austin; intersections Unbalanced traffic is common as is traffic Unbalanced in cities are many intersections or side alleys junctions connecting example, For main streets. to roads vehicles from the side road will be the side road from vehicles the intersection entering denied from causing indefinitely, on the main street (the horizontal (the horizontal on the main street the case, In the worst direction). Fig. 03 Gridlock. Fig. 03 Gridlock. Home Ecology:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 46 Renewing a Science for Environmental Justice 1 especially children. especially our home environments Second, at many systems impact ecological human which in turn burden scales, and in (both now as well communities as the household is Just the future). a number of challenges to to a number of challenges which espouses justice, environmental human 1) every the ideal wherein gets to and in the future being now in and worship play, learn, work, live, that enables a healthy environment their full human reach them to speak communities and 2) potential, challenges Three themselves. for out. stand not generally our homes are First, Health problems healthy and safe. indoor and outdoor to related well- are factors environmental to related especially documented, While and cancer. obesity, asthma, across increased have morbidity rates these diseases, the population for burdened disproportionately have they of color, communities low-income Our home environments pose Our home environments through newer research methods such research newer through as Community-Based Participatory Bringing these concepts Research. of the context in to and principles and Austin, of Texas The University this paper by offering I conclude of Home examples concrete a few in action and identifying new Ecology action and research. opportunities for of Environmental The Challenge and Home Environments Justice paradigm of Home Ecology as a of Home Ecology paradigm guiding to approach promising and action on environmental research home to related challenges justice the past, from Drawing environments. of an overview provides the essay emerged paradigm this research how the to in response 1800s in the late and health threats environmental cities. industrial endemic to injustices to the history Relating the field’s the forgotten how it reviews present, renewed can be field of Home Ecology This essay offers the research research the offers This essay Doctoral Candidate Candidate Doctoral Planning Program Community and Regional [email protected] Environmental Justice Environmental Elizabeth A. Walsh Home Ecology: Home Ecology: for a Science Renewing Home Ecology:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 47 Renewing a Science for Environmental Justice 5 housekeeping movement, a broader a broader movement, housekeeping living improve to movement women’s the research in the city, conditions network learning of Richard’s results of building the establishment to led urban sanitary and new codes helped efforts ESR’s Second, systems. from the scale of the household to the of the household to the scale from (ESR was also a co-founder watershed Second, Institute). Hole of the Woods home, ESR conducted in her own ventilation, experiments in field nutrition, systems, use, waste energy Third, good testing. and consumer a correspondence she established and lab sending microscopes course, and the country guidelines all across enrolled, each woman Canada. For meet with her in to tended 6 more network This learning groups. study on research field extensive generated style her leadership homes. Finally, emphasized building the capacity in the of each individual connected in the power and building network, away. power by giving network Impacts and Demise of Home Ecology significant generated Home Ecology urban environments. to improvements with the municipal in conjunction First, In summary, Home Ecology is the Home Ecology In summary, study multi-scalar transdisciplinary, relationships of interdependent non-human among humans and It in their home environments. nature and a social science is a democratic the enhance to intended movement in urban ecosystems. flourishing of life In Action Home Ecology overview, this theoretical Given in like look what did Home Ecology a state ESR created First, practice? at Laboratory of the art Women’s conducted her students MIT, where and water, air, on food, experiments

4 — in that it helps in that it science needed a basic

in that it — interdependent in complex urban in complex movement

democratic social multi-scalar transdisciplinary relationships • It is and water air, food, investigates the of the house to the scale from region. • It is a of the collaboration it encourages with experts. laypersons • As a and build values shape and inform to public support necessary action into knowledge translate flourishing sustain to in order communities. Defined Home Ecology has a number of key Home Ecology defining characteristics: • It is a range from engages scholars of disciplines with non-academic in applied research. partners thinking systems It employs understand to ecosystems. general lack of experimental science science of experimental lack general on rote in schools focused education increasingly In a world learning. and technology, shaped by science people she saw that ordinary women especially to be able to scientific education ESR’s some say in their lives. have helped capacity observational strong were these problems her see how the field She established interrelated. as a or Home Ecology, of Oekologie, them. address holistically way to deplorable condition of indoor condition deplorable environments and outdoor living food. and water, air, clean of deprived families with the influx of Second, men cities where into farms from were jobs, women specialized found in their homes with limited isolated Waves higher education. to access at women affected of depression a she observed the time. Third,

3

2 around her, ESR observed three three ESR observed her, around she observed First, challenges. critical and will of great leaders. leaders. and will of great cities Looking out at the industrial the sharp observational capacity capacity the sharp observational with the scientists of outstanding heart boundary-breaking courageous, social activist whose work significantly significantly whose work social activist cities in the industrial life improved combined legacy of her time. ESR’s The story of Home Ecology begins of Home Ecology The story Swallow 1800s with Ellen in the late (ESR), a pioneering chemist, Richards and MIT professor, engineer, sanitary Home Ecology: Learning from a a Learning from Home Ecology: Field Forgotten action took a very holistic approach approach holistic a very action took as home ecology. known It is interesting and important to to and important It is interesting home history, that in its early note and research science environmental they are insufficient in addressing insufficient in addressing are they challenges interrelated the complex, of home environments. typical discrete technical solutions that rely solutions that rely technical discrete individual While knowledge. on expert effective be solutions can technical singular problems, in addressing factors. Typically, we try to reduce reduce try to we Typically, factors. of these systems the complexity with components manageable into by social norms and behaviors, by social norms and behaviors, ecological technologies, available and political-economic conditions, environments focus on one part of focus environments Homes in isolation. the problem influenced systems, complex are planet. to approaches current most Third, of home the challenges addressing global ecology, especially given the given especially ecology, global impacts of human ecological profound the across on ecosystems styles life the basic unit of the global economy, it economy, global the basic unit of the unit of our also be seen as a basic can Home Ecology:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 48 Renewing a Science for Environmental Justice Proposals with an In 2010 and 2009, I worked and of faculty team interdisciplinary with the involved students doctoral Sciences IGERT Indoor Environmental and Engineering and Sustainable partnering with the Cities programs Ecology—such as the work of the as the work Ecology—such Law Clinic. Community Development builds upon explicitly research My own Framework. the Home Ecology One House Research, Home Ecology at a Time. in Community student As a doctoral and Regional Planning and the IGERT Indoor interdisciplinary and Sciences Environmental and as a Engineering Program, Housing with the Austin volunteer of Repair Coalition, the principles guided the way have Home Ecology and approach questions I frame design. My research research colleagues involved have efforts as disciplines, as well different from such as 1house partners community of the nonprofit at a time, a project World. A Nurtured organization Research Transdisciplinary engagement is time consuming and consuming engagement is time is There challenging. logistically attrition. also a risk of participant inevitably conflicts Additionally, typically are there arise since among priorities many competing stakeholders. in Action: The Home Ecology and Austin of Texas University As the 2011 UT Campus Sustainability are there Symposium showcases, and current a number of recent and staff, of faculty, initiatives embody that happen to students of Home principles many of the core 12 In ecological In ecological While these While 10 11 has become has become 9 enables researchers to collect collect to researchers enables each home, enabling for richer data of behavioral study simultaneous Third, factors. and technological household participation ultimately into results helps translate action, both by ensuring culturally strategies, intervention appropriate of the and by enhancing the capacity challenges. address to community also many are there Of course, Meaningful community challenges. surveys of households, without deeper of households, surveys engagement. of resident levels paradigm as a research Home Ecology for a number of advantages offers on home environments. research limited partly studies are field First, By engaging nature. by their invasive and delivering households directly may be benefits, there community field expand to opportunities greater in home environments. research household participation Second, embodies many of the defining embodies many of it is a of Home Ecology; elements that is approach systems-learning dynamic, situated, for appropriate such systems, complex and socially as urban ecosystems. in growing are approaches research been rarely have they recognition, home environments. indoor applied to in indoor when research Further, the engages science environmental does so by hiring it usually community, conduct to neighborhood residents inquiry, with the participation of with the participation of inquiry, for by the problem, those affected and action the purposes of education and social change,” to approach valued an increasingly health disparities and of the study justice. environmental Management Adaptive sciences, Co-Management) (including Adaptive in popularity and has grown 7 6 In 8 . U

Planning Theory , as does economist , as does economist y Community-Based, Participatory Community-Based, Participatory (CBPR), or the “systematic Research and organizational change scholar, change scholar, and organizational in Scharmer, Otto sciences, health environmental a strong call for action research with action research for call a strong in those characteristics with Complexity In urban planning and policy and change literatures, organization Judith Innes and David Booher make thinking. systems to • Committed a number of from come These calls and disciplines. directions different engagement, based, with a performance • Adaptive, and loops, on feedback focus • Applied, field-based, with a co-learning • Transdisciplinary, community to approach strong calls for research that is: research for calls strong • Action-oriented, Today, there is growing support for support for is growing there Today, very that are paradigms research are there Ecology; Home similar to Possibilities for a Renewed Home a Renewed for Possibilities Ecolog responsibility of experts, instead of instead of experts, responsibility of urban of networks the responsibility dwellers. typically meant “in someone else’s meant “in someone else’s typically also solutions Technical backyard.” of cities a ended up making the care moving environmental burdens burdens environmental moving of instead by cities “away” generated “away” them. Unfortunately, reducing science of Home Ecology ultimately ultimately of Home Ecology science Home to reduced became of some Additionally, Economics. solutions ended up the technical high schools throughout America. high schools throughout the empowering Unfortunately, expand an empowering experimental experimental an empowering expand and to women to education science Home Ecology:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 49 Renewing a Science for Environmental Justice the from Austin to help out a low-income help out a low-income to Austin in the city. household somewhere on more focuses project This pilot change. Building neighborhood level in strength World’s on A Nurtured quantifying the impacts of behavior this its programs, change through As part of my research, I will conduct I will conduct As part of my research, of an study case an action research neighborhood that embodies Austin of environmental the challenges and resilience sustainability, justice, centrally diverse, in found often urban neighborhoods. located will study This neighborhood case some pilot an opportunity to offer in of the ideas of Home Ecology neighborhood context. a complex it will include a significantly, Most with 1house at partnership pilot volunteers time, wherein to together neighborhood come help out another neighbor eligible learning while services, the free for that can behaviors skills and new the carbon help reduce be used to neighborhood of the whole footprint the social ties in and strengthening important the neighborhood that are and justice environmental for 1house has date, To sustainability. all across volunteers from drawn income home renovation programs programs home renovation income be designed and implemented can point in as a leverage serve to and justice enhancing environmental located, in centrally sustainability neighborhoods. urban, gentrifying the theoretical I hypothesize that paradigm and research framework can Ecology Home of a renewed that are designs program generate leverage of serving as capable more neighborhood points in sustainable encourage and can development adoption diffusion and innovation and behaviors, practices, of new technologies. While the proposals ultimately went went ultimately the proposals While the demonstrated unfunded, they in Home Ecology, of research potential between relationships strengthened partners, and community University my for and thus laid the foundation agenda. research future Home Ecology Neighborhood-level Action Research will draw research My dissertation research the Home Ecology from low- how investigate to paradigm environmental quality and energy quality and energy environmental of low-income consumption that of research homes, an area in especially is underexplored, The States. the southern United proposed and interventions research and of resident level had a strong in partner involvement community and analysis, design, implementation as an interdisciplinary as well social, that investigated approach aspects and ecological technical, and its impacts. of weatherization approach emphasizes the adaptive the adaptive emphasizes approach of at the center networks learning The paradigm. the Home Ecology in AHRC learn involved organizations and the together, solve and problem is a nonhierarchical style leadership (and depends one that encourages participation. upon) broad proposals Both of the grant and the positive evaluate sought to impacts of weatherization negative on the indoor and home repair of key Home Ecology principles. Like Like principles. Home Ecology of key Healthy Homes and the national Green by the National is lead which Initiative, End Childhood Lead Coalition to integrate the AHRC aims to Poisoning, to related housing interventions health and safety. efficiency, energy emphasizes approach Its integrated and technical both behavior change Its collaborative interventions. in this way, in this way, — (1house), a project (1house), a project , a coalition of over 17 of over , a coalition organizations that serve low-income low-income that serve organizations households, also embodies a number The Austin Housing Repair Coalition The Austin (AHRC) and utility governmental, nonprofit, dioxide saved. Follow ups are also ups are Follow saved. dioxide with the client households. conducted home, 1house follows up with them home, 1house follows about the impacts of their learn to carbon and including money efforts, than one household at a time, with change. my systemic for the potential commitments make volunteers After will do in their own about what they own life and reduce their household’s their household’s and reduce life own footprint environmental more influence actually 1house can teams enable volunteers to learn new new learn to volunteers enable teams can they and behaviors technologies the quality of their improve adopt to provide weatherization and repair and repair weatherization provide households. low-income to services these professionals, Led by skilled co-management, and co-learning and co-learning co-management, and laypersons. experts between to teams 1house uses volunteer technical system, emphasizing a emphasizing system, technical to approach performance-based itself that lends evaluation program engagement and adaptive resident to employs many principles of Home many principles employs including understanding Ecology, social and the home as a complex 1house at a time is an Austin- World, of A Nurtured that organization based non-profit noteworthy efforts of the project’s two two project’s of the efforts noteworthy partners. primary community have become strongly committed to to committed strongly become have principles. Home Ecology important the specifics of discussing Before describe the I will first this project, two truly transdisciplinary research research transdisciplinary truly two HUD. Through to submitted proposals partners all of these this process, nonprofit 1house at a time and the 1house at a nonprofit Repair Coalition on Housing Austin Home Ecology:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 50 Renewing a Science for Environmental Justice

16, no. 5 Planning Journal of Journal of Methods in Methods The American The American Environmental Environmental (Hoboken: Taylor & Taylor (Hoboken: , Bk Business (San , Bk Business Theory U: Learning from Theory from U: Learning , First Printing, First Printing, First , First Ellen Swallow: The Woman The Woman Swallow: Ellen American Journal of Public Health Journal of American 34, no. 1 (July 2004): 75-90. 34, no. 1 (July 33, no. 3 (Fall 2002): 21-57. 33, no. 3 (Fall , 1st ed. (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, Jossey-Bass, CA: ed. (San Francisco, , 1st project in Worcester, MA used CBPR to engage to MA used CBPR in Worcester, project in the themselves the household members of the and analysis design, implementation, that note Although the researchers research. with this involved many challenges were there one that the model is a promising research, from benefits. 3 articles in community resulted Asthma Action Against Community Detroit’s activity diaries keep to on children relied project Francis, 2010). Francis, Scharmer, 8. C. Otto as It Emerges the Future Ebooks Publishers, Berrett-Koehler Francisco: 2009). Limited, Corporation and Policy “Linking Science 9. M. Minkler, Community-Based Participatory Through Health Study and Address to Research Disparities,” 100 (2010): S81-S87. et al., eds., A Israel 10. Barbara for Community-Based Participatory Research Health 2005). Berkes, and Fikret Carl Folke, Olsson, 11. Per building resilience for comanagement “Adaptive systems,” in social-ecological Management of Science a June 2011 Web 12. While on adaptive 1,642 articles revealed review the addresses 1 article management, only at the same Another search household scale. 2001, CBPR has been that since time showed method in mentioned as a research explicitly 9 of these Only articles. 575 peer reviewed at all. Of these mentioned indoor environments by one research generated 2 articles 9 articles, Energy-Efficient Housing: Using a One-Touch Housing: Using a One-Touch Energy-Efficient Maximize Public Health, Energy, to Approach Policies,” and and Housing Programs and Practice Public Health Management S68-S74. 2010): (October 4. Robert Clarke, Ecology Who Founded 1973); Publishing Company, Edition. (Follett Richards: Swallow “Ellen Richardson, Barbara Sociologist,’ ‘Applied Oekologist,’ ‘Humanistic of Sociology,” and the Founding Sociologist 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid. 7. Judith E Innes and David E Booher, Collaborative to An Introduction with Complexity: Public Policy for Rationality UT could help reduce help reduce could Mount Sinai Journal of Sinai Journal of Mount — Environmental Health Environmental 113, no. 5 (May 2005): A310-A317. is already directly reducing reducing directly is already 77, no. 2 (March 2010): 178-187; Ernie 77, no. 2 (March similar to Neutral Gator and in Gator Neutral similar to As Merrick MyCue’s essay and essay As Merrick MyCue’s 3. K Kuholski, E Tohn, and R Morley, “Healthy and R Morley, 3. K Kuholski, E Tohn, 1. Philip J. Landrigan, Virginia A. Rauh, and 1. Philip J. Landrigan, Virginia and Justice “Environmental Galvez, Maida P. the Health of Children,” Medicine poor housing disparities: How Hood, “Dwelling poor health,” to leads Perspectives “Buildings Building Workshop, Green 2. EPA and their Impact on the Environment: States Summary” (United A Statistical April 22, Agency, Protection Environmental 2009), http://www.epa.gov/greenbuilding/pubs/ gbstats.pdf. scientist who observed complex, complex, who observed scientist including challenges interrelated conditions environmental deplorable Home Ecology scales, at multiple for framework as a valuable serves of who see the value today scientists research action-oriented a holistic, the address that can approach of environmental challenges complex health disparities and unsustainable patterns. development community References the Longhorn’s carbon footprint even even footprint carbon the Longhorn’s on fierce making UT Athletics more, the field, and light on the earth. Conclusion helps of Home Ecology The paradigm opportunities identify promising with the action and research for quality of the improve to potential individuals, communities, for life and in the now and ecosystems by a developed Originally future. underscores, presentation Athletics events though footprint its carbon management, capital and operations and public outreach. improvements, program off-set a carbon In the future, — with 1house at a Time and partnership World A Nurtured is a Neutral Gator Neutral 13 wider audience. by the UF sports network also helps by the UF sports network of sustainability awareness expand a to issues justice and environmental for the residents, while creating the creating while the residents, for football season in carbon-neutral first The publicity generated history. NCAA weatherization program claims to claims to program weatherization tons of offset 20,000 certified have and $3.5 million in savings carbon generate carbon offsets that are offsets that are carbon generate footprint the carbon applied toward its season. Since of the UF Athletics volunteer Gator’s Neutral inception, implements local carbon reduction reduction carbon local implements including weatherization projects, households, which low-income for energy conservation and sequestration and sequestration conservation energy and the UF Athletics projects, funds and Gator Neutral program. partnership between Earth Givers, Earth Givers, between partnership focused on organization a nonprofit through emissions carbon reducing University of Florida (UF). of Florida University in 2008, Founded University-community partnership partnership University-community Programs the UT Athletics between by inspired World, and A Nurtured the at initiative Gators the Neutral in a carbon off-set program. off-set program. in a carbon engender a strategies These new a opportunity for interesting very workshops, it will establish even more more even it will establish workshops, it make that could estimates reliable participation for candidate an excellent research on the carbon footprint footprint on the carbon research 1house through achieved reductions at a time and its behavior change Future Possibilities for UT Home UT for Possibilities Future Partnerships Ecology continues World As A Nurtured its performance-based expand to and comfort, and financial savings for savings and financial and comfort, and volunteers. recipients service research initiative will track energy energy track will initiative research health savings, resident and water Home Ecology:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 51 Renewing a Science for Environmental Justice 13. “Neutral Gator: Leaving footprints on the Leaving footprints Gator: 13. “Neutral http:// not on the environment.” competition, www.neutralgator.org/about/. and wear Personal Exposure Monitors, but Monitors, Exposure Personal and wear been significantly have do not appear to they design or analysis. engaged in the research The Ethics of Systematic

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 52 Conservation Planning: Trade-offs and Cooperation

2 or : the first two two : the first persistence of biodiversity features: features: of biodiversity economy The first goal of SCP is goal of SCP The first 1 persist indefinitely into the future. The the future. into indefinitely persist goal is third efficiently, goals should be achieved resources. using minimal societal goal involves third this Accepting that all decisions about recognizing trade-offs involve land-use allocation 2. The Goals of Systematic 2. The Goals of Systematic Planning Conservation Planning Conservation Systematic of selection the for (SCP) is a protocol for (areas networks area conservation features of biodiversity the protection and the design in the landscape) these of management policies for networks. representation features biodiversity preferred types, species, biocultural (ecosystem should be included etc.) practices, Which biodiversity in the network. include is not a scientific to features but one of human values. question, goal is The second extent the greatest To sustainability. features these biodiversity possible, may so they should be protected between many many between between different different between cooperation trade-offs agents. The argument throughout throughout agents. The argument of will be that the sustainability projects conservation biodiversity issues to attention careful requires and social justice. of human values and analysis reflection Philosophical the clarification, to relevant are and criticism of justification and thus serve policy, conservation in public debate. crucial roles The Biodiversity and Biocultural and Biocultural The Biodiversity in Laboratory, Conservation of the with members collaboration department of of Texas University in engaged is currently philosophy, on the ethics of systematic research planning. This short conservation the goals of will introduce essay planning, and conservation systematic ethical important two then discuss issues: and values 1. Introduction PhD Candidate and Biodiversity Department of Philosophy, Laboratory Conservation Biocultural [email protected] Trade-offs and Cooperation Trade-offs David M. Frank The Ethics of Systematic The Ethics of Systematic Planning: Conservation The Ethics of Systematic

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 53 Conservation Planning: Trade-offs and Cooperation

rd

3 st

best,

7 rd Defect 1 Worst, best 3 best best best nd

, best, best nd st Cooperate 2 2nd best 1 Worst This problem is well- This problem 8 Cooperate Defect 4. Cooperation projects conservation Biodiversity many involve always almost and group individual autonomous interests. agents, each with their own arise in of cooperation Problems agent acts if every where, cases their own to according rationally agents end up worse all interests, on had collaborated off than if they or made a group a “social contract” decision. “prisoner’s by the so-called illustrated in shown of game theory, dilemma” row for given are 2 (preferences Table column player): then first, player 2 Table The example illustrates the complex the complex illustrates The example when place that take trade-offs the interests made in decisions are For conservation. of biodiversity be sustainable, to projects biodiversity in handled be need to these trade-offs social injustice ways that do not create conservation towards and resentment an open question It is still proponents. government Rican whether the Costa NGOs handled and conservation with such of the miners the case sensitivity. Each agent (row and column) may and column) Each agent (row If each or defect. either cooperate the 2 agent cooperates, both parties. for is achieved outcome each agent has an incentive However, is a better defecting since defect, to CNP as “equivalent to selling a piece a piece selling to CNP as “equivalent foreigners.” to Rica of Costa

The 6 Less conservation Less (+/-) Trade-offs (-/-) “Lose-lose” 5 to exploit “unoccupied” land, and “unoccupied” exploit to perceived the coercive protection of protection the coercive perceived other conservation NGOs. other conservation housing and provided government miners the evicted to assistance food nine following for the in Golfito many of provided months, and later near Sandalo them with land parcels payments in compensation. or cash whether unclear it is still However, policy of eviction the government’s Many rural was just. conservation for the historical retained Ricans Costa that it was their mentality “frontier” right In February 1986, the miners were were 1986, the miners In February 500 left the park: over from evicted Rican the Costa while voluntarily, and National Guard National Rural and coercively arrested Service Park 200, with the support over removed and Fund Wildlife of the World (artisanal) panning methods, while methods, while (artisanal) panning and intensive used more others methods like destructive ecologically and sluicing. The miners trenching until conservation not disturbed were the ecological reported scientists these mining from damage resulting had Many of the miners operations. about conservation views negative and in the region projects in about conservation misconceptions general. 1986, roughly 800 gold miners who 800 gold miners 1986, roughly evicted were in Corcovado had settled About 1500 by the government. in Corcovado to had come people 1980s seeking subsistence the early opportunities and mining agriculture the employer, their former after its abandoned Company, Fruit United labor due to in the region plantations used traditional Some miners unrest. More conservation More “Win-win” (+/+) (-/+) Trade-offs Rather, conservation conservation Rather, 4 Although there are scientific scientific are Although there 3 Less economic use economic Less More economic use economic More of the few remaining lowland tropical tropical lowland remaining of the few In America. in Central rainforests between conservation and economic and economic conservation between coast on the Pacific use. CNP, located rich Osa Peninsula of the biologically one protects Rica, Costa in southwest Another example, this one from Costa Costa this one from Another example, (CNP), National Park Corcovado Rica’s tension the ethical should illustrate decisions almost always involve trade- involve always decisions almost offs. “Win-win” (+/+) outcomes, these “Win-win” (+/+) outcomes, to achieve difficult extremely are in practice. While conservation organizations and organizations conservation While pursue claim to often governments landscape. 1 Table below, shows the possible outcomes outcomes the possible shows below, between trade-offs when considering use of a and economic conservation problem of trade-offs between between of trade-offs problem general is quite values different at attempt every and applies to 1, Table conservation. biodiversity 3. Trade-offs by SCP, the ethical As recognized is fundamentally a problem of human a problem is fundamentally and ethics. values desires. to economics, from particularly tools, it of trade-offs, deal with the problem Warbler and Black-capped Vireo, Vireo, and Black-capped Warbler be used cannot means that this land the or development economic for human needs and of other satisfaction the Balcones Canyonlands National Canyonlands the Balcones to in order partly Refuge, Wildlife the Golden-cheeked for habitat protect and opportunity costs. For example, example, For and opportunity costs. for Texas in central setting aside land The Ethics of Systematic

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 54 Conservation Planning: Trade-offs and Cooperation

Coral . Biological Biological Nature PLoS PLoS . (San Diego, Corcovado National Park: Park: National Corcovado Systematic ConservationSystematic Biodiversity and Environmental Biodiversity and Environmental 144 (2011): 966-972. 19 (1993): 47-55. . (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University University . (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge 162 (1968): 1243-1248. 16 (1997): S121–S127. 5 (2010): e10688. doi:10.1371/journal. 4. McShane, Thomas O. et al. “Hard Choices: Choices: 4. McShane, Thomas O. et al. “Hard biodiversity between Making trade-offs and human well-being.” conservation Conservation gold vs. Lisa. “Conservation 5. Naughton, Rica: Costa National Park, mining in Corcovado frontiers,” at wilderness Land use conflicts Americanist Latin of Conference of Yearbook Geographers 6. Janzen, Daniel et al. Ecosystem Rainforest A Perturbed 1985). Fund, Wildlife World CA: (1993): 49. 7. Naughton, Sarkar. David M. and Sahotra 8. Frank, Conservation: Decisions in Biodiversity “Group Game Theory.” from Implications ONE pone.0010688 of the commons.” “Tragedy Garrett. 9. Hardin, Science marine “Tropical 10. McManus, John W. reefs: a brief coral of fisheries and the future Asia.” with emphasis on Southeast review Reefs References Chris and Robert L. Pressey, 1. Margules, Planning,” Conservation “Systematic Chris Margules, 405 (2009): 245-253; and Sarkar, and Sahotra Planning 2007). Press, S. 2. Sarkar, the Issues to An Introduction Philosophy: Press, University (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge 2005). National Wildlife Canyonlands 3. “Balcones Plan, Conservation Refuge: Comprehensive Service. 2001-2016,” U.S. Fish and Wildlife 8, 2011. http://www.fws.gov/ August Accessed southwest/refuges/texas/balcones/. best best rd

3 st 1 best, best, rd Maximize short-term take Maximize short-term Worst, 3 best and Biocultural Conservation Conservation and Biocultural at the University here Laboratory these addressing are of Texas by philosophical primarily questions as as well studies, of case analysis the social to attention paying close these surrounding scientific debates of such The importance controversies. of lies in clarifying the role analysis science and empirical human values critical and providing in these debates, the public can influence that reflection policy discourse. the Bolinao fishermen have been have the Bolinao fishermen including and implemented, proposed state-enforced incentives, economic and community- conservation, norms. Which based conservation and in which preferable, solutions are difficult empirical raise contexts, that are questions and normative research. the subject of current that any it should be clear However, into social justice take solution must and ethical pragmatic for account, of the Biodiversity Members reasons. Again, the Nash equilibrium, where where Again, the Nash equilibrium, maximize their short- to each attempt (perhaps via ecologically take term techniques), is fishing destructive than if they each fisherman for worse limit their take. to had both decided of problems solutions to Several by those faced like cooperation

nd 2 best, best, best, Worst best, nd st Limit fish take Limit fish 2 1 This so- 9 we can model the can we dilemma as a simplified dilemma 10 Maximize short-term take Maximize short-term Limit fish take Limit fish maximize their short-term take. maximize their short-term 3 Table fishermen’s fishermen’s each fisherman 2-agent game, where or take, either limit their fish can dead, apparently due to fishing with due to dead, apparently explosives. 3, in Table As shown reports that informal surveys of the surveys that informal reports in the mid–1980s showed area reef was coral that much scleractinian while the average fisher, using non– fisher, the average while generates techniques, destructive McManus about $1 a day. only do so: dangerous homemade bombs do so: dangerous at U.S. $1–2 and produce to cheap are $15–40 worth a catch generate can local markets. In spite of the practice of the practice In spite markets. local continue being banned in 1979, fishers techniques fishing use explosive to to financial incentive a strong and have According to John McManus, roughly John McManus, roughly to According the Bolinao 350 marine species from sold in in the Philippines are area reef called “tragedy of the commons” may of the commons” “tragedy called in fragile outcomes conservation affect reefs. in coral example for habitats, This type of problem may arise when This type of problem resources common-pool are there access. without restricted for both parties than if they had both than if they both parties for cooperated. outcome is a “Nash equilibrium”: no outcome unilaterally to agent has an incentive their strategy. from deviate outcome worse this is a However, their 1st best or 3rd best outcome, outcome, best or 3rd best their 1st or worst their 2nd best as opposed to Thus the mutual defection outcome. strategy no matter what the other no matter strategy either guaranteed are agent does: they Residential Sustainability: Constructing Design-Build, Sustainable, Student Housing

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Cooperatives for Education, Research, Service Learning, and Community Engagement Essays 55 psychological, financial, economical, economical, financial, psychological, – etc. ecological, environmental, holistic in achieving is important results. and streamlined sustainability a LEED to develop is goal first TFRG’s cooperative platinum, mixed-use ownership, operation, maintenance, maintenance, operation, ownership, of LEED platinum, and occupation housing cooperative state-of-the-art facilities. a philanthropic, develop The plan is to real to approach entrepreneurial that is intended investment estate the sustainable perpetuate to facilities. of cooperative development model to aspires The initiative a Community Development after and use interdisciplinary Corporation design, and integrated collaboration, sustainability an all-encompassing maximize synergy, create to strategy conservation promote and efficiency, building. within all aspects of green TFRG also emphasizes that the aspects of various integration living – social, of sustainable The Foundation Rock Group Rock Group The Foundation 1 integrating the design, development, the design, development, integrating faculty-guided As a student-led, develop TFRG seeks to enterprise, social solutions to comprehensive the by strengthening issues and community between connection Considering the built environment. be a basic human to shelter high that should take requirement reshape is to the objective priority, housing and the cities by redefining vision The ultimate housing industry. society by vertically revolutionize is to people is revolutionary. The science The science is revolutionary. people that education that holistic shows purpose a transcendent integrates enriches with hands-on application and enhances experience students’ mastery. of Texas (TFRG) at the University educate to was organized at Austin in a manner that stimulates students autonomy, the senses, encourages biology evolutionary and embraces in an empathic sustainably live to community. The impact potential of purpose driven of purpose driven The impact potential [email protected] Christopher G. Rosales G. Rosales Christopher Student Undergraduate School of Engineering Cockrell Director Executive Inc. Rock Group, The Foundation Research, Service Learning, Service Research, Engagement and Community Sustainable, Student Housing Sustainable, Education, for Cooperatives Residential Sustainability: Residential Sustainability: Design-Build, Constructing Residential Sustainability: Constructing Design-Build, Sustainable, Student Housing

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Cooperatives for Education, Research, Service Learning, and Community Engagement Essays 56 This estimate This estimate 11 Rapid urbanization and 10 9 Generation Y, Youth Unemployment, Unemployment, Y, Youth Generation and Cohabitation an important Furthermore, to with respect demographic, Most of the growth that is expected that is expected of the growth Most place take to is anticipated occur to that areas in unplanned, underserved and ill-equipped to unprepared are added numbers. accommodate becomes result The unfortunate overcrowded homelessness, excessive orphanages, and slum dwellings people the poorest that marginalize access limited have who oftentimes or basic sanitation. water clean to of one billion estimate The current living in urban slums is people within 20 years, double to anticipated 2030. by the year of a quarter to translates roughly living in people all of the world’s dwellings. inadequate substandard, at development With sustainable utilizing the heart of this issue, that strategies investment sustainable is essential growth economic facilitate that sustainability viable creating to divides. socioeconomic transcends infrastructure can potentially cost in cost potentially can infrastructure development of $21,000 per upwards $1.12 trillion for to unit, accumulating 25 the next over payers tax American years. Urban Poverty Global fall and services As infrastructure demands, conventional short of new development driven market urban exacerbates consequently disparity. inequality also increase economic This poverty. of global the severity that issue urban phenomenon is a dire worsen. to continues exponentially

4

3 the

7 — Increased Increased sometimes 6 — Quality is oftentimes Quality is oftentimes 8 materials are employed employed are materials These astronomical These astronomical 5 — from the year 2000 to today to 2000 the year from to keep capital costs low and improve and improve low costs capital keep to do not typically Developers sales. interest vested a long-term have higher to which leads in property building shorter costs, maintenance in spans, and complacency life and design. Other negative innovation include of urban sprawl implications feelings of auto-dependency, issues per capita of isolation, increased adverse and costs, infrastructure For effects. health and environmental utility and transportation example, draw millions to urban areas as the urban areas millions to draw medicine, and of wealth, prevalence cities century position 21st education attraction. of global as centers accommodate to As cities expand endure inhabitants growth, related consequences unfavorable and motives profit short-term to urban sprawl. quantity as corners for exchanged cut and inexpensive are hazardous increases demand new approaches to to approaches demand new increases of the built design and development environment. are These population statistics rapid by remarkably compounded the of urbanization. Between rates of percentage 1950 and 2030 the years population living in cities the world’s from will increase or urban areas 60%, roughly 29%, about 0.7 billion, to people. billion five nearly to continue benefit and opportunity three billion to six billion people. billion to three 11 years past during the recently, Most — another one by population increased the fastest representing billion people, in human history. population growth population is the 1960 Additionally, within triple to anticipated currently become to 40 years 20 to the next nine billion. in order to to in order — within the School — This was a time when the 2 In 40 years, between 1960 and 2000, between In 40 years, from doubled population the world virtually every aspect of society in the every virtually world. developed have changed, urbanization has have and environmental run rampant, throughout permeated have concerns for cooperative housing. Namely, the housing. Namely, cooperative for population has experienced earth’s cultures growth, unprecedented as homeownership and suburbs were and suburbs were as homeownership States. the United across exploding have factors this time, several Since case a compelling create to converged with approximately three billion three with approximately people. was well-marketed Dream American Rapid Global Urbanization Rapid Global was populated In 1960, the world create opportunities for new forms of forms new opportunities for create flourishing urban habitation. shifts, and changing demographics. shifts, and changing demographics. the These changes threaten and practices, of current sustainability Human Settlement housing on cooperative focus TFRG’s cultural in population trends, is rooted and prepare funding proposals. and prepare Sustainable to Challenges Current Business, and Lyndon B. Johnson B. and Lyndon Business, School of Public Affairs studies feasibility preliminary conduct identifying experts School of Cockrell of Architecture, Engineering, McCombs School of in order to model compressive model compressive to in order in the human habitation solutions to are Student leaders century. 21st and teams assembling currently laboratory for sustainable habitation. habitation. sustainable for laboratory of a variety connect TFRG hopes to University at the schools and colleges housing complex in West Campus that in West housing complex live-in a research-based, as will serve Residential Sustainability: Constructing Design-Build, Sustainable, Student Housing

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Cooperatives for Education, Research, Service Learning, and Community Engagement Essays 57 century. century. st — offers compelling insight compelling offers — These aspects are essential essential These aspects are 17 into important aspects of human aspects of human important into nature. sustainability widespread achieving to society in the 21 throughout about human discoveries Interesting by a uncovered were motivation sector. sustainable to approaches Economic by U.N. endorsed are development Nations human the United Habitat, as the primary program, settlements with poverty- need associated Applying urban renewal. focused context these solutions in a general and lives everyone how improve can The as a society. functions together see a generation is to desire ultimate society in global rise up as leadership the address seeks to that proactively that societies are issues pressing with. faced Human Motivation hinge quality of life improve to Efforts of upon deepening an understanding emerging Newly modern humanity. in social science research and innovation, motivation, regarding empathy charitably fund efforts to meet the meet the to fund efforts charitably impoverished. needs of the severely in major cooperatives, housing Robust that provide areas, metropolitan and food produce housing, affordable retail integrated and have energy, stand components and restaurant funding as a significant serve to revenue generate mechanism that will in developing projects service for cost Utilizing the associated regions. resources, of shared advantages and an internal of scale, economies residents coop of passionate network method of a self-sustaining enables that continues “philanthrocapitalism” philanthropic today’s characterize to The ability to see everyone everyone see The ability to 16 in order to champion community, community, champion to in order neighborhoods, and revitalize philanthropic for revenue generate sufficiently use. The ambition is to impact of up the sustainable scale in development community-driven the quality improve equitably to order the globe. around of people of life property rental affordable The need for with corresponds Texas in Austin, on markets capitalize to desire TFRG’s to in order world in the developed and a remarkable opportunity to utilize opportunity to and a remarkable to housing as a platform cooperative communities. champion sustainable residents empower The aim is to a creating for responsibility take to a sustainable by fostering world better strive who diligently of people culture their living environments. sustain to disparities, global counter to In order collaboration forge to TFRG aspires in the development, in sustainable housing, of cooperative context partnerships public-private through to the entire world, as an extended as an extended world, the entire to family. unite to works sojourners as fellow striving in collectively the human race goal of global the common for the belief this context, In prosperity. and inclusive vibrant, is that healthy, be sustained can communities a modern by fostering universally and empathy, identity of compassion, as a people. resourcefulness need a great represent trends Global circumventing barriers to entry, and entry, to barriers circumventing that drivers economic instituting progress. universal sustain Creative Opportunities for New Housing Cooperative global enables As technology to possible it becomes awareness, and sensibilities loyalties extend

13 The 15

14 Their 12 and shelter can be achieved by be achieved can and shelter the means of production, multiplying sustain themselves and prepare for for and prepare themselves sustain satisfying the Effectively growth. water, primal needs of food, most array of issues aforementioned are are aforementioned of issues array an imperative around interrelated intelligently societies to need for the detrimental ramifications of ramifications the detrimental and financiers powerful excessively economy. credit inflated an over homeownership. of the financial crisis Aftershocks 2000s further highlight of the late to homeownership that necessitate that necessitate homeownership to ideals of traditional a reevaluation with associated and practices extensive indebtedness, and an ever and an ever indebtedness, extensive the rich and widening gap between financial barriers poor constitute ages 18 to 24, over 15.6 million, 24, over ages 18 to living with parents. reported rates, unemployment High youth their own and establishing a family. and establishing their own the 2010 U.S. Census Accordingly, of American that 53.3 % indicated and apprehension stemming from from stemming and apprehension made by previous mistakes perceived delay rites to all serve generations out on such as moving of passage job markets, heightened youth youth heightened job markets, child-centric unemployment, skepticism, institutional parenting, This cohort is also less likely to to likely is also less This cohort homeowners. private become strained Financial instability, proponent and dual beneficiary of and dual beneficiary proponent objectives. TFRG’s promote creative change. creative promote with combines upbringing cultural this make to woes economic recent a premier portion of the population constantly connected, tech-savvy tech-savvy connected, constantly community for longs generation to desire increased an and exhibits cooperative housing and TFRG’s housing and TFRG’s cooperative The Gen-Y cohort. is the mission, Residential Sustainability: Constructing Design-Build, Sustainable, Student Housing

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Cooperatives for Education, Research, Service Learning, and Community Engagement Essays 58 The City’s The City’s 22 less than 4 percent. less — 21 statistics. The need for affordable affordable The need for statistics. with a gap correlates property rental 40,000 units for of nearly shortage Subsequently, renters. low-income B and C apartments in class low very experience Austin central vacancies intended to function as staging function as staging to intended and equip residents that train grounds as live-in facilities maintain to the intelligent where laboratories, systems of sophisticated operation that yields thoughtful improvements performance building overall enhance TFRG at large. and the community passions amplify peoples’ to attempts energy the creative and unleash in the progress achieve to necessary amazing period of innovation most seen. has ever that the world Housing Rental Affordable Need for TX in Austin, an immense reveal studies Market property rental affordable need for in the City of Austin. years fiscal Plan, for Consolidated the U.S. for 2009-2014, drafted Department of Housing and Urban insight (HUD), provides Development and housing trends on the city’s English coffee house is often credited credited often house is English coffee where environment an with providing way and give thrive such activity could leaps in innovation the significant to 500 the past over occurred that have years. effectively In the same respect, in the context space utilizing shared housing is greatly of cooperative innovation. collaborative to conducive establishes The setting intrinsically that stimulates an atmosphere thought and motivation continual mission the underlying to with regard and community of sustainability are engagement. The cooperatives often often — Great Great 20 to eventually eventually to — chaotic places of activity chaotic places — innovative ideas. innovative that argues research Current happens in the sticky innovation places through collide ideas can where collaboration. initiated begin with a to is noted innovation requires that idea unrefined singular, and mature incubate, time to with other ideas intermingle ideas other peoples’ The reality. solidify and become Innovation for spaces Creating innovation this initiative, Throughout as the fundamental paramount reigns the design that inspires driving factor of multifunctional and development to is intended This attribute facilities. phase from each project transcend maintenance, design to preliminary This noble and occupation. operation, regarding questions raises aspiration of and facilitation the creation aquaculture cultivation, water water cultivation, aquaculture production and energy treatment, buildings as design residential into development priorities. Mixed-use of job creation prospects enhances by enabling generation and revenue of lower-level, the incorporation restaurant cradle-to-cradle on-site that complement components Synergy and bioreactors. greenhouses aspect in a key becomes easily design goals that prioritize achieving conservation. efficiency and sanitation. sanitation. solutions involve Comprehensive durable developing going beyond features by incorporating facilities or that create and components and employment unique facilitate residents. opportunities for income synergistic This includes integrating of urban farming, systems

18

19 by — regarding regarding — an array of humanitarian ailments of humanitarian an array and scarcity, food such as poverty, economically sustain food and energy and energy food sustain economically within high-density production alleviate dramatically can dwellings producing natural resources as a resources natural producing Utilizing advancements collective. to and technology in science social justice, inequality, unity, unity, inequality, social justice, awareness and environmental and conserving demonstratively the sustainability of communities. of communities. the sustainability and operate Residents would of with the objective systems maintain change positive affecting are expected to viably serve as socially as socially serve viably to expected are hubs that facilitate responsible increasing toward geared programs Residential housing cooperatives, engagement, community designed for Holistic, Integrated, Green, Green, Integrated, Holistic, as Facilities Housing Cooperative of Urban Renewal Anchors environment where people can excel excel can people where environment society. of benefiting the sake for desire to utilize their abilities in to desire impact. a positive create to order TFRG this concept, Embracing an extraordinary provide to strives an intriguing phenomenon that economic traditional contradicts instinctual an have beliefs. People and increases personal satisfaction. satisfaction. personal and increases considered are These results that granting autonomy, promoting promoting autonomy, that granting an intrinsic and integrating mastery, performance improves purpose largely intellectual work, even when limited when limited even work, intellectual skill, cannot cognitive rudimentary to incentives. by monetary be motivated revealed contrarily the study However, the Massachusetts Institute of Institute the Massachusetts Mellon (MIT), and Carnegie Technology (CMU). Astonishingly, University study conducted by economists by economists conducted study of Chicago, the University from Residential Sustainability: Constructing Design-Build, Sustainable, Student Housing

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Cooperatives for Education, Research, Service Learning, and Community Engagement Essays 59 , , University of , University The New York Times York The New Biodiversity and Conservation: Energy, Multi-story, High-Density, Prefabricated Prefabricated High-Density, Multi-story, Energy, of Michigan, Housing,” University Affordable 2004. Barbara Anthony Downs, 9. Robert Burchell, Costs: McCann, Sahan Mukherji, “Sprawl Development,” Impacts of Unchecked Economic June 29, 2005. Island Press, 2. Greg Knight, “The Suburbanization of Knight, “The Suburbanization 2. Greg 2008, Culture,” The Rise of the Patio America: 19, 2011, http://www.patioculture. July accessed net/paper.html. J. Bryant, 3. Peter J. Bryant Peter Book by A Hypertext 92697, USA, 2005. Irvine, CA California, “World Census Bureau, States 4. United 7 Billion,” press Approaches Population 19, 2008, http://www.census.gov/ June release newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb08- 95.html. reach to Populations Nations, “World 5. United in all Countries 10 billion by 2100 if Fertility release press Level,” Replacement to Converges until May 3, 2011. embargoed of the UN Nations, “2005 Revision 6. United Department Urbanization Prospects,” World 2005 http:// and Social Affairs, of Economic www.un.org/esa/population/publications/ WUP2005/2005WUPHighlights. Urban Era,” 7. “The New 19, 2010, http://ideas.blogs.nytimes. August com/2010/08/19/the-new-urban-era/. “Innovations Lara, and Fernando 8. Harry Giles Designed of Industrially in the Development Low- for Modular Concepts and Manufactured foundations is sought and encouraged and encouraged is sought foundations as an launch this endeavor to in order of system renowned internationally progress. universal achieving visit tfrg. please information more For at Rosales Christopher or contact org [email protected]. Referenes 1. Sir Ken Robison, “Changing Paradigms— in Change Sustainable Implement We How at meeting presented lecture Education,” the Society for of Edge and the Royal and of Arts, Manufactures Encouragement 2008. London, England, June 16, Commerce, is hoped — is afforded is afforded — a figure typically typically a figure —

bringing together cycles cycles bringing together — West Campus that will serve as a Campus that will serve West sustainable for laboratory live-in forge is to The objective habitation. collaboration interdisciplinary of schools and a variety between to in order at the University colleges and comprehensive model holistic in human habitation solutions to of The involvement century. the 21st and the University, faculty, students, as banks, as well the City of Austin, societies, professional businesses, and private organizations, nonprofit and architect fees and architect project’s as 30 % of a represented costs construction total methods delivery combined through public of promoting and philosophies good. Live-in Campus West Project: Pilot Laboratory develop ambition is to The current a LEED platinum, state-of-the- in housing project art cooperative buildings in modern society. buildings in modern sustainable As a not-for-profit as an IRS 301(c) classified enterprise, TFRG anticipates entity, exempt (3) tax nonexistent, if not shortened, from payback periods that derive with associated reductions cost and materials, equipment, donated costs Overhead gift contributions. government through reduced are charitable conduct to incentives contractor in and flexibility operations this capacity, TFRG seeks to develop a develop TFRG seeks to this capacity, that embodies the unique reputation design of integrated multifunctionality collaboration. and interdisciplinary to expertise of Utilizing a compilation cradle-to-cradle, loop, design closed in cooperative biomimicry capabilities facilities and waste energy, of food, residential of role the reconfigure to also instituted to create synergy and synergy create to also instituted efficiency in planning and design. In of architects, engineers, and engineers, of architects, among managers, project construction is of other professionals, a variety returns. returns. collaboration The effective first costs are essentially reassessed reassessed essentially are costs first building of overall with considerations cycle life and expanded performance also be utilized in maximizing the in of components effectiveness cost amount of a greater leverage to order use. Capital philanthropic funds for charitable service projects. Rigorous Rigorous projects. service charitable during the analyses, cost-benefit of design, will phases conceptual and training residents to optimize to residents and training the supplements building systems toward allocated stream revenue savings of equipping facilities with with savings of equipping facilities employing technology, appropriate techniques, integration inventive Build-Own inherently incentivizes incentivizes Build-Own inherently efficiency in long-term investments The annual cost and sustainably. part, by combining design-build (DB) part, by combining operation with owner construction (O&M) schemes. and maintenance as a Design- facilities Constructing is held in Financial sustainability in and is accomplished, high regard bulk of one’s expenditures. expenditures. bulk of one’s Line Development Bottom Triple income toward housing; however, however, housing; toward income the notion challenge to TFRG works the that housing should constitute cost), cooperative housing is a viable housing is a viable cooperative cost), reduces that dramatically alternative figures of living. These the cost 30% of one’s based on allotting are rising. Considering that 31% of Austin that 31% of Austin rising. Considering a $550 per afford to unable are renters apartment (average month efficiency inevitably are costs Meanwhile, Residential Sustainability: Constructing Design-Build, Sustainable, Student Housing

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Cooperatives for Education, Research, Service Learning, and Community Engagement Essays 60 22. City of Austin, “FT 2009-14 Consolidated “FT 2009-14 Consolidated 22. City of Austin, Neighborhood Analysis,” Plan Housing Market Office, Development Housing and Community 2008. , March 11, , March TIME , May 24, 2011, http://www. Forbes youtube.com/watch?v=NugRZGDbPFU. youtube.com/watch?v=NugRZGDbPFU. 21. Ibid. 20. Steven Johnson, “Where Good Ideas Come Johnson, “Where 20. Steven the Society for Royal RSA Animate: From,” and of Arts, Manufactures Encouragement 17, 2010, http://www. September Commerce, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6XAPnuFjJc. 19. Ibid. 18. Dan Pink, “Drive: The Surprising Truth The Surprising Truth 18. Dan Pink, “Drive: Us,” RSA Animate: About What Motivates of Arts, the Encouragement Society for Royal April 1, 2010, and Commerce, Manufactures meeting of Royal Society for the Encouragement the Encouragement Society for meeting of Royal London, and Commerce, of Arts, Manufactures England, June 17, 2010. com/watch?v=l7AWnfFRc7g. Century “21st Taylor, 17. Matthew at annual presented lecture Enlightenment,” 16. Jeremy Rifkin, “The Empathic Civilization,” Rifkin, “The Empathic 16. Jeremy the for Society Royal RSA Animate: and of Arts, Manufactures Encouragement May 6, 2010, http://www.youtube. Commerce, of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, June 28, and Commerce, of Arts, Manufactures 2010, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOP2V_ np2c0&feature=relmfu. hh-fam/ad1.xls. hh-fam/ad1.xls. RSA “Crises of Capitalism,” 15. David Harvey, the Encouragement Society for Royal Animate: 14. U.S. Census Bureau, “Young Adults Living “Young 14. U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, November Present,” At Home: 1960 to http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/ 13. Jason Oberholtzer, “In Defense of My “In Defense 13. Jason Oberholtzer, Generation,” forbes.com/sites/jasonoberholtzer/2011/05/24/ in-defense-of-my-generation/. a New Generation Gap,” Generation a New 2010, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/ article/0,9171,1971433,00.html. docs/4631_46759_GC%2021%20Slum%20 dwellers%20to%20double.pdf. Perceive Millennials 12. Nancy Gibbs, “How by 2030: Millennium Development Goal Goal Development by 2030: Millennium of the Session First Short,” Twenty Could Fall April 16, Kenya, Nairobi, Council, Governing 2007, http://www.unhabitat.org/downloads/ International Center for Scholars, Comparative Comparative Scholars, for Center International D.C. 2007. Washington, Urban Studies Project, double to “Slum Dwellers 11. UN-HABITAT, 10. Victor K. Barbiero, “Global Urban Poverty Poverty Urban “Global Barbiero, K. 10. Victor Health: An Inevitable Setting the Agenda, Urban Wilson Woodrow Imperative,” International Economic and Environmental Sustainability Through

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 61 Community Development in Rancho Vista

in capital

norms, Community 2 — human capital

physical capital capital physical and The assets produced produced The assets 3 social 1 intellectual to perpetuate joblessness, financial joblessness, perpetuate to living and undesirable insecurity, Communities arrangements… coexist all these conditions where and more danger of becoming in are the mainstream from isolated more of society. are of five forms: of five are and so of buildings, tools, the form forth; and of skills, knowledge, in the form confidence; and trust, understandings, shared relationships that make other factors Accordingly, community development development community Accordingly, assets that “produces is work for life the quality of that improve neighborhood residents.” through works development building both inside and “capacity outside neighborhood boundaries such things as employment, for future shopping, schooling (or even of the as members housing), as long or neighborhood benefit individually collectively.” work development community through : Urban opportunities. This isolation helps Housing in the same neighborhoods to old and difficult is often neighborhood maintain…Informal for social ties and the capacity are solving problem collective residents Further, underdeveloped. isolated disproportionately are that carry networks informal from about good economic information described by Ronald F. Ferguson and Ferguson described by Ronald F. in their book Dickens William T. Development and Community Problems The University of Texas Law School’s Law School’s of Texas The University Clinic is Community Development knowledge the legal harnessing to and students and skills of faculty in Rancho Vista, sustainability promote outside community a low-income Community Texas. San Marcos, achieving toward works development and sustainability economic the needs of lower-income addressing are neighborhoods. Those areas as plagued by problems, commonly Background

Elizabeth Fenner JD Candidate School of Law [email protected] Community Development in Community Development Rancho Vista Economic and Environmental and Environmental Economic Through Sustainability Economic and Environmental Sustainability Through

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 62 Community Development in Rancho Vista 7 Vista began with the Law School’s with the Law School’s began Vista 2004. The around Clinic Environmental reached and students Clinic faculty commissioners county the local out to who identified the wastewater- primarily area, needs in the related of failing problems the widespread from sealing their homes from the sealing their homes from from also issues Environmental elements. indoor Poor health problems. cause odors, mold, noxious air quality due to and poor air circulation dust, humidity, and headaches and asthma cause problems. other respiratory and economic In this context, in a needs combine environmental major quality- create way to clear the Accordingly, problems. of-life Clinic seeks Community Development changes toward its work target to and both economic that will increase The sustainability. environmental will detail of this essay remainder made have UT students the progress for quality of life improving toward attention through in the area residents both types of needs. to Creek in Cottonwood Work UT’s with Rancho involvement UT’s two of the most pressing issues facing facing issues pressing of the most two age of The average the community. on the structures the main housing is lots and Redwood Rancho Vista in widespread resulting 22 years, and home weatherization need for all households Almost improvements. 44 % of them but septic tank, on a rely their with serious problems report back-ups of including clogs, tanks, and leaks. issues, capacity sewage, inefficiency is also widespread Energy that do not and doors windows due to poorly are homes that properly, close faulty foundations, unstable insulated, and leaks, wiring, roof electrical residents preventing other problems 5 6 occupied, manufactured homes. manufactured occupied, images of the community Satellite show years five within the last taken that the number of housing units The the number of lots. exceeds in new a decrease images also show and a rise in housing occupancy lot that time period, likely over structures and declining affordability indicating mobility. limited and environmental The widespread are of residents housing problems children. Compared to the rest of rest the to Compared children. is much the community the county, of levels greater and contains poorer majority— The large overcrowding. one about 75 %—of households have in paid employment, members or two a monthly report and one-third $2,000 between household income 60 % of and $3,000. Approximately of income a monthly households have than $2,000. less owner- of the homes are Most and Dickens highlight as ripe for highlight as ripe for and Dickens community through improvement work. development and its adjoining Rancho Vista located are Redwood, community, in Guadalupe County and home or 3,600 1,000 families almost to The population of these two people. Hispanic exclusively is almost areas number of and includes a large adults with middle-aged to young school-aged elementary multiple Economic and Environmental Issues Issues and Environmental Economic in Rancho Vista development community The need for in the context evident is particularly living and colonia-style of colonias of which the situations in Texas, is one community Rancho Vista is plagued community The example. Ferguson by many of the problems 4

financial , which provides the , which provides capital

(in standard forms); and forms); (in standard in any community in which those goals in any community tension. to be in appear at first work that advances both economic both economic that advances work and sustainability and environmental in the future that should be considered Rancho Vista community on an array on an array community Rancho Vista has generated This work of initiatives. development a model of community School’s Community Development Community Development School’s and worked Clinic has collaborated to other UT programs with closely of the residents the low-income assist As discussed in the following sections, in the following As discussed the UT Law years, five the past over the two goals can support each other, support each other, goals can the two of one goal need not and pursuit the other. exclude conditions, pursuing both goals pursuing conditions, beneficial more even to lead can Indeed, simultaneously. achievements But through educating community community educating But through about the relationship members and economic environmental between may appear less tangible with tangible may appear less community to a benefits delayed to struggling are residents where their heads. over roof a safe keep dilapidated homes have a community a community have homes dilapidated immediately, be felt impact that can improvements environmental whereas communities to the exclusion of the exclusion to communities efforts. sustainable environmentally and fixing up jobs new Creating Addressing pressing economic needs economic pressing Addressing easily can community in a low-income improve to of efforts the focus become residents to improve living conditions living conditions improve to residents the skills and influence develop and to them. sustain to political influence. political exert to capacity neighborhood allow Those assets feasible and productive; and productive; feasible capital Economic and Environmental Sustainability Through

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 63 Community Development in Rancho Vista Redwood Informal Homestead Homestead Informal Redwood and Texas,” Subdivisions in Central “Sustainable report, the companion Housing Design and Technology Informal Adoption in Colonias, Subdivisions, and the Homestead have reports ‘Innerburbs.’” The two the Cottonwood Creek Community Creek the Cottonwood (CCCDC), Corporation Development organization. which is a nonprofit designation is Having nonprofit to the community for important funds and build the necessary raise programs implement to capacity and the economic that will improve of the sustainability environmental community. of the importance Recognizing the funding for in securing data out to reached the Clinic community, Baines Johnson School the Lyndon which led (LBJ), of Public Affairs survey to project a collaborative to housing needs, the community’s and environmental resources, needs. Led by LBJ sustainability and his Ward Peter Professor the of students, team interdisciplinary reports, in two resulted in-depth study “Housing Conditions, Sustainability and and Self Help in Rancho Vista Accordingly, clinic students drafted drafted clinic students Accordingly, Legislature Texas that the legislation signed and the Governor enacted law during the 2011 legislative into allows legislation The new session. obtain easily to homeowners mobile exemptions, tax their full property the simple to means similar through of owners that applies to process homes. traditional Community of a Formation Corporation Development the Community role The second is as Clinic has played Development and operating in forming counsel The Clinic recognized the inequity The Clinic recognized in which traditional in a system received automatically homeowners both the that covered an exemption on it, while land and the structure to in order homeowners, mobile exemption, the analogous receive so process a legal navigate had to always that it almost complicated assistance. legal require to appeared assistance for demand With a greater such available, bono lawyers than pro was not sustainable. an approach mobile home owners navigate the navigate home owners mobile attach legally to process complicated the land they homes to their mobile a obtain to in order purchased have on their exemption tax homestead home and land. The Community Clinic began that Development on an owner- by working initiative it soon basis. However, by-owner that such an individual clear became given was not sustainable approach of this problem. extent the widespread and Inequality In Ownership Ownership and Inequality In Structures The Clinic has also helped many property homestead secure residents on their homes, exemptions tax the amount of taxes which will lower pay on their to have that residents and seniors for homes, especially the with disabilities. Through persons exemption tax property homestead the Community Development work, Clinic began helping individual in the land and is much less at risk much less in the land and is of the home as a result of losing by tactics liens and unsavory unknown This additional equity and the seller. live to residents security encourages them by encouraging sustainably more on land they improvements make to own. call their confidently now can Exemptions Tax Property Homestead and land. By obtaining secure title, title, secure and land. By obtaining build up equity to is able a resident the titles to their homes. The Clinic to the titles than 25 residents has helped more their home to titles clear secure been followed by legal clinics and by legal been followed of individual clients representation legal needs surrounding with specific legal rights and responsibilities rights and responsibilities legal a home. with owning that come have workshops These education have organized and led a series of and led organized have residents for workshops educational homeownership their about protecting them about the interests—teaching has been in helping the residents has been in helping the residents to interests title clear secure their homes. The Clinic students Clear Titles, Equity, and Sustainability Equity, Titles, Clear of work areas active One of the most working continually in the community in the community continually working of ways. in a variety then since Clinic at The Community Development involved became UT Law School first in 2006 and has been in Rancho Vista then, GrantWorks and the county have have and the county then, GrantWorks an additional funding for secured septic tanks. twenty Clinic and community leaders secured secured leaders Clinic and community septic tanks new than twenty more Since homes in the community. for services to rural Texas. Through a Through Texas. rural to services and with GrantWorks partnership support, the Environmental county the Clinic brought in GrantWorks, in GrantWorks, the Clinic brought planning, providing an organization development housing, and community a community organizer to work with work to organizer a community the issues address to the residents septic tanks the failing surrounding Eventually, tanks. and lack of septic other sanitary wastewater disposal wastewater other sanitary out The Clinic then reached system. hired and in the community leaders to septic tanks and a smaller number number and a smaller septic tanks or septic tank without a of residents Economic and Environmental Sustainability Through

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 64 Community Development in Rancho Vista core, strives toward sustainability. sustainability. toward strives core, and assets build capacity It aims to improve to within communities and environmental economic and the residents for conditions in a way that at large community health of the long-term promotes that will help increase physical and physical that will help increase residents the Now capital. financial of a self- implement to planning are program. home repair help emergency met clinic students semester, Last to designated with a committee of such a the possibility explore board and the nonprofit program, with it. A major forward move to voted is to the Clinic this semester goal for the home to counsel general provide in moving committee program repair recipients, repair select to forward community funding from secure and and organizations, businesses their assess to project a pilot complete on a the program establish to capacity will utilize The program scale. larger community the skills of numerous in with backgrounds residents work. construction Conclusion at its work, Community development attended a Texas Senate committee committee Senate a Texas attended effectively testified meeting, and one mentioned on the previously bill and exemption tax homestead The her neighbors. affect it would how at having felt leaders the satisfaction political in that heard their voices with in discussions was evident forum them afterward. of The primary accomplishments been in have the CCCDC thus far social, and those human/intellectual, Acquiring categories. capital political has laid a critical those assets upon which the leaders foundation build programs to beginning now are nonprofit the formal Also through group the community structure, more attract to has been able in leaders political from attention their secure and to the community the CCCDC forming, Since assistance. elected local with two has partnered animals from stray remove to officials clearly get addresses the community, homes, and on the mobile marked disposal in the community. get trash of the leaders two Additionally, of community development work. work. development of community to worked also have The leaders isolation Rancho Vista’s decrease have and community, the larger from social- the nonprofit’s demonstrated intake hosting gains through capital various for in the community sessions These social services. locally-provided in included bringing have sessions federal for a conduct intake to officials that will program weatherization improving while costs energy lower in the community. housing conditions semester than they were at the outset. at the outset. were than they semester social The CCCDC has also increased by bringing in the community capital and providing together neighbors their recount them to for a forum yielding mutual individual struggles of and a sense trust, understanding, the grave vision. Despite common in individual needs of many families is a decided sense there the area, the community improve to of desire that is the hallmark as a whole previously been reticent to express express to been reticent previously a concept through talk opinions or to became an understanding reach to in speaking confident and more more The ideas heard. up and having their that increased reflected also leaders as meetings, in their board confidence much into the meetings transformed and efficient self-run, effective, more action by the end of the for vehicles to ask and respond to questions. In questions. to ask and respond to individuals who had each session, they were interactive, as the leaders as the leaders interactive, were they discuss to the opportunity appreciated and being presented the information governing documents and on legal documents and on legal governing Those of nonprofits. requirements when effective most were sessions skills. Last semester, a team of clinic a team semester, skills. Last intensive four presented students on the nonprofit’s trainings board mobilize a community. mobilize a community. engaged actively are The leaders and their knowledge in increasing comply with state and federal legal legal federal and with state comply seek out of nonprofits, requirements and resources, and utilize community gained. Despite many having minimal gained. Despite have the leaders education, formal run an organization, to how learned the CCCDC Board of Directors are a are of Directors the CCCDC Board of the intellectual/ prime example has the community human capital increases in intellectual/human in intellectual/human increases and political social capital, capital, on leaders The community capital. The CCCDC is also working to achieve achieve to The CCCDC is also working goals of community the asset-building nonprofit’s The work. development yielded great has already formation conditions created by unsustainable by unsustainable created conditions housing structures. which is currently in the final stages stages in the final which is currently that process, review of a rigorous health poor address be used to would Community Design and Development and Development Community Design the to a grant write to Center, Agency, Protection Environmental environmental sustainability and allow and allow sustainability environmental The other. each bolster to the two aided the efforts already have reports the Austin partner, of a community the CCCDC to prioritize projects and to and to prioritize projects the CCCDC to opportunities of awareness increase and further both economic to since been utilized by the Community been utilized by the since of leaders Clinic and the Development Economic and Environmental Sustainability Through

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 65 Community Development in Rancho Vista Urban Problems and Community and Community Urban Problems (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings D.C.: The Brookings (Washington, 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid. Development 1999), 1-2. Institute, 2. Ibid., 4. 3. Ibid., 4. 4. Ibid., 4-5. summary to et al., executive M. Ward 5. Peter and Self “Housing Conditions, Sustainability Informal and Redwood Help in Rancho Vista Texas” Subdivisions in Central Homestead residents the community for prepared (report Clinic of the and the Community Development 2010). Texas, UT Law School, Austin, With the recent formation of a new of a new formation With the recent leaders the organization, nonprofit need help in making to will continue impacts in the community tangible to change larger towards and working residents. of the benefit the lives References Dickens, and William T. Ferguson 1. Ronald F. to introduction the residents in furthering their the residents goals. development community while much progress has been made, much progress while many additional opportunities lie assist UT engagement to ahead for play an active role in increasing their their in increasing role play an active and impact in the community assets In Rancho Vista, the long-term. over Community development work seeks work Community development and build residents empower to can so that the residents capacity work can support both economic and economic support both can work such and how goals environmental each other. goals bolster through the Community Development the Community Development through and the clinics and Environmental student how School showcase LBJ environmental sustainability as a sustainability environmental the interdisciplinary major focus, efforts by UT Law’s embraced work community. Although scholarly works works scholarly Although community. development community touting highlight do not typically initiatives contribute to ecological sustainability, sustainability, ecological to contribute and health, safety, addressing while in the issues development economic challenges. challenges. that demonstrate These successes can work development community organization of local leaders to begin to leaders of local organization program home repair an emergency livability community other and tackle of raw sewage, weatherization weatherization sewage, of raw utility bills, and lower to assistance and nonprofit of a local the creation many community benefits, including: benefits, many community septic tank of new the installation the overflow that address systems interdisciplinary approach can further can approach interdisciplinary goals sustainability of range a broad The work in an individual community. to led has already of these programs Development Clinic and Environmental Clinic and Environmental Development School as the LBJ Law Clinic, as well a collaborative, how has shown the community and residents. The and residents. the community Community of the Law School’s work UT as an Ecosystem

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 66 Due to research in the research Due to 1 In simplest terms, “We need “We terms, In simplest 2 Thus, a sustainable landscape landscape Thus, a sustainable 3 economic prosperity continues to gain to continues prosperity economic traction. we because a healthy environment and wood air, clean water, need clean food.” function, and ecological provides with buildings, rainfall, campus use, campus with buildings, rainfall, goals. or aesthetic Johnson Wildflower The Lady Bird a sustainable defines Center and as one that performs landscape measurable produce functions to performance benefits. A landscape’s ecosystem through is measured are services Ecosystem services. or indirect of direct good and services produced to humans that are benefit the involving processes by ecosystem of biotic (e.g. vegetation, interaction (e.g., soils) and abiotic elements air). rock, by economists, 1990s conducted late the 2005 UN of with the release along Assessment, Ecosystem Millennium environmental the link between and well-being, human well-being, buildings to be more energy-efficient energy-efficient be more buildings to and LEED certification) attaining (even and a part materials; use sustainable of this momentum also includes a plants. native using more toward trend do not provide plants alone But native to performance enough ecological landscape a sustainable warrant sustainable indicate label or to landscape The campus performance. as a system, should be regarded ecological providing continually and function in concert performance of Texas Main Campus is currently Main Campus is currently of Texas and its landscape impervious surface, with turf grass covered are areas planter and other plants in raised beds. These types of surfaces maintenance—often regular require including the use of air polluting blowers—and and leaf mowers and potentially irrigation, both costly Campus staff practices. wasteful recently have and administrators in their interest demonstrated campus and retrofiting constructing A large portion of The University portion of The University A large [email protected] Emily Manderson Emily Designer Environmental Design Group Ecosystem Center Johnson Wildflower Lady Bird [email protected] Julia Raish Researcher Project Development Impact Low Design Group Ecosystem Center Johnson Wildflower Lady Bird UT as an Ecosystem UT as an Ecosystem

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 67 water quality improvement projects. projects. quality improvement water 2007-2010, the school invested From and features water notable in several stormwater that receive technologies land, rooftops, campus runoff from These and parking lots. roads, include underground interventions a few. a few. detailed a more provide To serves the UMD campus example, on students 38,000 of nearly a total In 2002 1,000 acres. approximately a member of became the campus Restoration Watershed the Anacostia restore to which works Partnership watershed, the priority Anacostia Bay Chesapeake part of the larger in its role Recognizing watershed. are health, efforts watershed overall manage runoff better underway to throughout impervious surfaces from drainage In 2007, campus campus. to comprehensively was evaluated pollution and identify stormwater The areas. degradation stream into was then categorized campus delineating 23 sub-watersheds systems. drainage water storm creates patterns these Knowing designing, opportunities for better future funding, and implementing step for a myriad of reasons to reduce reduce to a myriad of reasons for step maintenance landscape long-term the increase to and burdens, costs to plants on campus, use of native to or stormwater, and filter clean large- for the requirement reduce or conveyance stormwater scale taking Universities systems. retention and cleanse retain to step the next the LA include on site stormwater University District, Community College University, State of Arizona, Portland (UMD), Texas of Maryland University North Carolina A&M, Oklahoma State, Hampshire, of New University State, and – Arlington, of Texas University name to Community College, Houston One of the best ways to communicate communicate ways to One of the best With see it in practice. an idea is to this in mind, UT has the opportunity and LID techniques implement to provide to on the main campus tools (on an services ecosystem valuable these where often urban campus, most) needed and valued are services join these functions to and a chance priorities landscape with campus goals. Similar large and research this taken already have universities erosive volumes of water entering entering of water volumes erosive latter The waterbodies. downstream the prevention points for awards credit watershed and mitigation of common are Points of concern. pollutants %age based on the overall awarded that a site leaving volume of water of pollutants for treatment receives and technologies Potential concern. and that filter include tools techniques stormwater. infiltrate Campuses LID in Action on University improving UT’s sustainable landscape landscape sustainable UT’s improving one for standpoint: a water from and site, on managing stormwater and enhancing protecting for two, and receiving resources water on-site describes The former quality. water or maintain to site design a ways to A common balance. the water restore the water increase is to approach by means of of a site capacity storage and evapotranspiration, infiltration, The result harvesting/storage. water and less the site leaving water is less Treating water as a resource is one as a resource water Treating of SITES.™ of the guiding principles rid of stormwater, Rather than getting find is to approach sustainable a more and use it it on site capture ways to features, irrigation, ornamental for or groundwater drinking water Design-Hydrology The Site recharge. of two of SITES™ provides chapter to benchmarks applicable many target A 4 and channelized streams. impairments in Texas are attributed attributed are impairments in Texas urban stormwater in full or in part to sewers storm through runoff carried can maintain or restore a watershed's a watershed's or restore maintain can functions. A and ecological hydrologic and quality problems number of water and promotes the natural movement movement the natural and promotes or within an ecosystem of water LID scale, On a regional watershed. land use typology. Implementing Implementing land use typology. allows and practices LID principles be managed in a way that to water the impact of built areas reduces than a waste product. When designed product. than a waste that can LID is a tool appropriately, or climate in any eco-region, work to manage stormwater as close as close manage stormwater to treating as possible, its source to rather as a resource, stormwater a more economically sustainable sustainable economically a more urban functional and ecologically with nature LID works landscape. a comprehensive approach to site site to approach a comprehensive planning, design and pollution that creates strategies prevention Low Impact Development Approach to to Approach Impact Development Low Management Stormwater (LID) is Impact Development Low stormwater system often referred to to referred often system stormwater Impact Development. as Low on the UT campus is to layer current current layer is to on the UT campus and landscaping campus and future a distributed into resources water services provided by ecosystems.” provided services maximize see to we major opportunity and function performance landscape Sites Initiative (SITES™), which (SITES™), which Initiative Sites that “any landscape…holds recognizes and to improve both to the potential benefits and the natural regenerate site development and management. development site goals performance These landscape by the Sustainable codified been have brings the essential importance of importance brings the essential of the forefront to services ecosystem UT as an Ecosystem

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 68 Second, also due to LID’s LID’s also due to Second, 8 The School of Architecture could be could The School of Architecture and design in the location involved of the College of these practices; and the Cockrell Sciences Natural help with School of Engineering could and modeling soil, plants, monitoring the McCombs Business components; become a leader and expert in the and expert a leader become components of LID many field. First, under debate. still are technologies is much debate there instance, For of biofiltration about the ingredients media and the planting mix for research More LID systems. vegetated whether certain discover is needed to such as components recycled local hulls or rice crushed glass, compost, substitute an appropriate be could such as sand mined materials for and peat. monitoring a need for is there infancy, While features. world on real data is slowly information monitoring is monitoring performance growing, LID on most practiced not widely still data Acquiring monitoring projects. influences greatly LID systems from design and implementations. future implementing importantly, Most has campus LID on the University opportunities. educational multiple ponding depth. Any changes to changes to ponding depth. Any the will influence these components if the example, For size. feature’s type to soil due slow is rate infiltration will need feature then the size of the the ponding depth meet to increase to requirement. to the UT Benefits LID Provides Community of LID practices The implementation methodology the example through for benefits has many described above Because community. the University there practice, new LID is a fairly UT to for is enormous potential

7 given a higher priority (or weight) and a higher priority (or weight) given an ideal location be therefore would LID implementation. for the is selected, the location Once should be size of the LID feature conditions based upon the physical code local and referencing The size of a recommendations. is defined by the feature biofiltration amount of surface (the area capture the rate the feature), entering water and the allowable of infiltration, assign weights to each factor. As a each factor. to weights assign UT campus, for example hypothetical the geospatial examine first one could UT with the entire associated data the inputs and applying After campus. specific the site, across parameters locations as ideal emerge could sites may an area instance, LID. For for basin with within a catchment emerge and impervious cover 70% or more an impaired Creek, Waller to adjacent other to When compared waterbody. is this site campus, across locations potential pollutant loadings, surface surface loadings, pollutant potential data, and rainfall climate hydrology, waterbodies, impaired to proximity of and presence buffers, vegetated These resources. natural sensitive of degrees inputs help inform site health and asses environmental to LID. regard specific needs in identify way to effective The most combine be to would priority areas geospatial data these inputs into and then parameters, assign overlays, develop an assessment model for the model for an assessment develop watershed, River Upper San Antonio at multiple looking suggest we priority areas assess to factors UT on the LID implementation for are: be considered Inputs to campus. patterns, and drainage topography densities, footprint impervious cover, industrial, road, land use (i.e. parking, soil types, open space), recreational, Thus, we Thus, we 6 5 Drawing from methodology used to used to methodology from Drawing also inform proper LID placement to to LID placement proper also inform to the benefits maximize the potential system. any potential LID developments in LID developments any potential the understand isolation. When we it helps be an ecosystem, to campus nested, contributing, and adjacent and adjacent contributing, nested, we this lens Through watersheds. viewing avoid to challenged are a general interconnectedness and and interconnectedness a general upon those processes. dependence campus should the specifically, More with as a watershed be viewed viewing the campus as an ecosystem— as an ecosystem— the campus viewing are there where a dynamic place and and energies of flows transfers The methodology for locating LID locating for The methodology begins with within the UT campus benefit. of Texas LID at the University potential for human benefit. for potential of looking view a systematic propose identify to as a whole at the campus be of greatest LID would where areas are the locations where they are are they where locations the are increasing lacking and where most has great services ecosystem LID practices. Restoring ecosystem ecosystem Restoring LID practices. is a urbanized areas to services those because SITES™ priority to and high impervious cover, the and high impervious cover, function of the campus ecological through increased be greatly can Due to the urban nature of the UT the urban nature Due to Campus with dense building footprints additional ideas and opportunities additional ideas and landscape campus making the for of in its treatment sustainable more stormwater. and pervious pavements. Part of this Part and pervious pavements. includes a national LID also initiative develop to competition design student cisterns, restored riparian buffers, riparian buffers, restored cisterns, devices, biofiltration roofs, green UT as an Ecosystem

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 69 34 (2005): (June 2003). Guidelines , 2009. www. AMBIO 41 (2002) 393. A 3 Year Update” (paper Update” A 3 Year — Harper’s Magazine Harper’s . Accessible at: http://www. . Accessible Locating Opportunities for LID in LID Opportunities for Locating http://texaslid.org/page. Urban Areas,” php?page=resources#tx_manuals. Gas et al, “Greenhouse 8. Julian Cleary 1990- Extraction, Canadian Peat from Emissions analysis,” 2000: A life-cycle 456. “Stormwater and William Hunt, 9. William Lord Program BMP Inspection and Maintenance in North Carolina 2010: Impact Development at the Low presented conference, in the City ASCE Water Redefinding April 11-14, 2010). San Francisco, 3. Jared Diamond. “The Last Americans: Americans: Diamond. “The Last 3. Jared Collapse and the End of Environmental Civilization,” Initiative. Sites 4. Sustainable Benchmarks and Performance sustainablesites.org. Campus. 2010. of Maryland 5. University and Operations: Sustainability: Infrastructure Stormwater sustainability.umd.edu/content/campus/ stormwater.php. for typology et al, “A 6. Rudolf S. de Groot valuation and description the classification, functions, goods and sercices,” of ecosystem Economics Ecological University, Polytechnic State 7. California “Modeling Change: Studio 606, Pomoma, (Washington, (Washington, Nature’s Services: Societal Nature’s 387 (1997): 253. treatment. All water entering and entering All water treatment. be would the UT campus leaving and UT used, and cleaned, valued, change. for be a catalyst truly would References of the et al, “The value 1. Robert Costanza capital,” and natural services ecosystem world’s Nature Daily. 2. Gretchen on Natural Ecosystems Dependence 1997). D.C.: Island Press, Using eco-regionally appropriate appropriate Using eco-regionally a sense of provide would landscape the campus. identity to and place add opportunities would Educational offering of the course the richness to important students offer and would and research experience world real such resources opportunities. On site be protected would Creek as Waller Most enhanced. and potentially be a would the campus importantly of community the larger model for stormwater sustainable responsible improving water quality however quality however water improving other possible multiple are there hydrological from ranging services reducing services, conservation water and increasing heat island effect to habitat and wildlife biodiversity all for the quality of life increasing who of those millions of people campus. the University experience will the use of LID, water Through and campus be used as a resource, be reduced. could irrigation costs provide greater benefit in return benefit in greater provide scientific discovery. through Conclusion LID implementation In conclusion, for the UT campus on is encouraged services of ecosystem the variety it can opportunities and educational is on primary focus LID’s provide. another 9 potential University concerns, and concerns, University potential Including students in the assessment, in the assessment, Including students of and maintenance development these help address can LID features program that would address a growing a growing address that would program need in our employment collar green and on the UT campus. community on UT landscaping staff. A final staff. on UT landscaping be opportunity could educational training a maintenance developing or volunteer species that have species that have or volunteer the plantings; entered to students involve opportunity to burden any maintenance relieve the design and performance goals. the design and performance is focused LID maintenance Most floatables any large on removing features can be designed such that can features or mowing irrigation supplemental upon depending unnecessary, are costs may be possible. While While may be possible. costs is important ongoing maintenance LID in optimizing LID performance, can be expensive in the short-term, in the short-term, be expensive can benefits from economic long-term irrigation and maintenance reduced workshop series are the up-front the up-front series are workshop maintenance and long-term cost with LID associated concerns LID retrofits While implementation. Two of the biggest obstacles we we obstacles of the biggest Two LID state-wide about from learned Implementation Challenges and Challenges Implementation Opportunities at UT be to have an interdisciplinary process process an interdisciplinary have be to would each of the disciplines where the other. and strengthen inform be involved in outdoor classroom in outdoor classroom be involved interpretation development, course public outreach. opportunities, and would approach beneficial The most analysis for the University; and faculty and faculty the University; for analysis and Marketing, the Education, from could disciplines Communication School could asses cost savings cost asses School could feasibility economic an and provide Irrigation System Improvements

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 70 of all irrigation control points with of all irrigation control type, size, and supply water to regard of the and an assessment location scheduling irrigation systems’ current As efficiency. distribution and water of the audit, the following a result to and analyzed identified were issues aerators with low-flow aerators to aerators with low-flow aerators the amount of water further reduce of phase consisted used. The second the for water of process conservation installing This involved main campus. that chillers closed-loop portable of disposing water instead water reuse one use. after sewer the sanitary to phase the third discusses This essay of water conservation of the program, irrigation systems landscape used for on the main campus. Method irrigation An audit of the main campus in the spring was performed systems contractor, of 2008 by the general Management, Inc., with Water the City of Austin. from assistance an inventory The audit comprised new or replacing existing faucet faucet existing or replacing new stewardship. Background demand-side water The University’s of consists program conservation phase The first phases. several of domestic conservation comprised main the University’s for water This included retrofitting campus. with a valves and urinal flush toilet the amount of reduce to type low-flow used. It also included installing water The University of Texas at Austin’s at Austin’s of Texas The University a management initiated facilities in the fall program comprehensive and implement develop of 2007 to conservation demand-side water are These improvements measures. provide to enabling the University annual savings of considerable on its main campus water potable the campus to demonstrating while toward step a concerted community and responsible sustainability Introduction [email protected] Laura Illanes Laura Services Facilities Staff, Irrigation System Irrigation System Improvements Irrigation System Improvements

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 71 . The nozzles are are The nozzles 1 and its arc watering pattern can be can pattern watering and its arc in the field without adjusted easily the In addition to the use of a tool. the nozzles, of the new installation replaced, relocated, subcontractors broken, tilted, sunken, or repaired programmed watering schedule schedule watering programmed strategy, or use a weather-based amounts, measure flow water monitor alarm for and monitor rainfall, The accordingly. and react conditions activate to staff allow controllers a remote from valves irrigation control on a the status and receive location data Historical handheld transmitter. the central back to is communicated and analysis for and stored computer generation. report Distribution Efficiency Water Improve sprinkler spray rate High application with Hunter’s replaced heads were (MP) low-rate precipitation matched This type of nozzle nozzles. rotator and of water stream emits a larger drift to likely which is less droplets, a spray-type to away as compared in Leadership to according nozzle, Design and Environmental Energy (LEED) specifications. and start-up also self-flushing upon clogging, help eliminate to shut-down Fig. 01: Evapotranspiration Gauge Fig. 01: Evapotranspiration the execute zone. Its purpose is to A new computerized computerized A new . device is the “brain” of each irrigation is the “brain” device The central computer is a Dell computer The central PC with a 42” LED, flat- standard It will be used to monitor. screen reports and generate modify, monitor, gather the controllers the data from irrigation zones. their respective from used to software The proprietary with the controllers communicate of by the manufacturer was provided radios, and remote the controllers are Calsense. The controllers Calsense Model ET2000e Enhanced This Management Controllers. Water 82 existing automatic controllers were were controllers automatic 82 existing controllers with wireless replaced with directly communicate that can Proper program. control the new all for was installed earth grounding them protect to controllers of the new and electrical lightning strikes from In addition, Landscape surges. technicians maintenance Services radios remote with five provided were inspect and maintain them to allow to effectively. more the irrigation systems AFTER: MP Rotary-type sprinkler heads provide a more focused focused a more heads provide sprinkler AFTER: MP Rotary-type the sidewalks leave water, conserve and efficient distribution, features. visibility of university and improve dry, Management, Inc. (WMI) as of Water the implemented Contractor, General measures: following Management Centralized Irrigation Program irrigation control and centralized was installed, management program The and commissioned. programmed, subcontractor, Sullivan’s Irrigation & Sullivan’s subcontractor, under the supervision Landscaping, Overall, the project is retrofitting is retrofitting the project Overall, on at 82 sites the irrigation systems Main Campus. The the University’s encompasses many components to to many components encompasses the deficiencies identified in address the Method section of this document. Project Scope of Work Scope Project of work scope The project to the development of the following of the following the development to of work. scope Analysis of the deficiencies in the Analysis and a irrigations systems existing funding led of the available review not could staff Services • Landscape automatically shut off the water occurred. when a leak conditions. not could staff Services • Landscape usage. water measure accurately could staff Services • Landscape watering adjust not automatically based on weather schedules communicate with each other or to with each other or to communicate location. a central systems • Irrigation distribution not efficient. heads) were (sprinkler controller and various • Decentralized to unable were systems blur visibility of university features. blur visibility of university solutions: appropriate develop BEFORE: Spray-type sprinkler heads create misting and drifting misting heads create sprinkler Spray-type BEFORE: and on the sidewalks, puddles create water, waste distribution, Irrigation System Improvements

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 72 e 2 6 5 expects expects The University The University The University The University

7 The University The University

The University The University Landscape Services Services Landscape 4 e Emissions. 2 or change programs without going or change programs monitor He can each controller. to flows, activity such as high and low when a break alerts and receive the in the irrigation line triggers He shut off automatically. to water in usage reports water review can emissions as a result of the reduction of the reduction as a result emissions utility, water the local in demand from the City of Austin. Efficiency. in maintenance an increase expects centralized efficiency with the radios, controllers, wireless program, systems and irrigation distribution Landscape to According in place. Irrigation Supervisor Services Luis Garza, the efficiencies gained of the project with the installation With the centralized many. are access Garza has direct computer, his desk so from controller every to on and off turn controllers he can Water Conservation. Water 49 approximately conserve to expects as a annually of water million gallons use. in water of the reduction result CO of avoidance the to contribute to 314,888 pounds of CO approximately maintenance staff. staff. maintenance discussed of each benefit are Details below: Usage. Water in reduction a 28 percent expects of the use as result irrigation water the irrigation made to improvements systems. Savings.Bottom-line than yield savings of more to expects (at 2012 rates), $500,000 per year payback, as a simple with a four-year use. water of the reduced result e) into the e) into 2 2

3 the amount of water processed and processed the amount of water utility water pumped by the local the This allows (City of Austin). role play a contributing to University by reducing community in the local supplies and water demand on natural of carbon harmful emissions avoiding (CO equivalent dioxoide of the reduced as a result environment utility. on the city’s load production expected an additional benefit Finally, for the in efficiency is an increase Services Landscape University’s from the irrigation system retrofit retrofit the irrigation system from are These expectations project. provided based on documentation Water contractor, by the general Management, Inc. (WMI), using calculations. industry standardized in water These include a reduction in annual savings use, an increase use, water of the reduced as a result in the increase and a considerable In addition to of water. conservation the University’s conservation, water decreases usage in water reduction Project Cost Project is project When the main campus by or near November completed will have 1, 2011, the University of approximately a total expended $2,103,000. and the to the University Benefits Environment certain expects The University campus for its main benefits The subcontractor’s representative, representative, The subcontractor’s that upon Markus Hogue, said and Hunter from components ordering he learned Landscape, John Deere was the project that the University’s at one time) U.S. (all single largest of a water-conserving installation irrigation system. Master Master Calsense digital Calsense digital Two Calsense Two . watering zone by closing the master the master zone by closing watering valve. rate (compared to a pre-programmed a pre-programmed to (compared rate will the controller is detected, value) shut off the current automatically flow sensors. Together, they provide provide they Together, sensors. flow our to shut-off capabilities automatic or high flow If a low staff. landscaping Automatically. Shut off Water with the along installed were valves controller that the system is delivering is delivering that the system controller data flow Total rate. the designed flow and analysis trending be used for can planning. budgetary controller to measure instantaneous instantaneous measure to controller flow Instantaneous flow. and total the it tells is useful because data Measure Water Usage. Water Measure at each installed were sensors flow central control system how much rain much rain how system control central to the stystem also tell they has fallen; raining. if it is currently shut down run times so the irrigation system run times so the irrigation system of water amount the exact apply can weather based on current required, the tell buckets The rain conditions. The ET gauges measure real-time real-time The ET gauges measure is which evapotranspiration, daily station calculate automatically used to on the main campus, one ET near the on the main campus, Building 3, and the Complex Facilities H. Jones Hall. other ET near Jesse three rain buckets were installed installed were buckets rain three were The ETs on the main campus. “climates” different in two installed Automatically Adjust for Weather Weather Adjust for Automatically Conditions (ET) gauges and evapotranspiration sprinkler heads were relocated or relocated heads were sprinkler head-to-head even, ensure to removed coverage. asphalt, fences, and buildings, reduce reduce and buildings, asphalt, fences, distribution and improve waste, spaced Improperly uniformity. or clogged heads. They adjusted the adjusted heads. They or clogged concrete, watering avoid heads to Irrigation System Improvements

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 73 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid. Illanes. The by Laura 8. Garza, Luis, interview Services, Facilities at Austin, of Texas University Irrigation Supervisor Services Landscape 4, 2011). (August , Walla , Walla Corporate Overview 8 Irrigation Operations. PowerPoint presentation, presentation, PowerPoint Irrigation Operations. 2008. Alexandria, emails with spreadsheets, Associate - Energy & Resource Conservation Conservation & Resource - Energy Associate 2011. August Austin, Specialist. Woods, Management, Inc.; Dave 4. Water Development Manager (July 27, 2011). Manager (July Development Facilities at Austin, of Texas 3. The University Staff Technical Mazur. Patrick Services; Walla Sprinkler Company, 2009. Company, Sprinkler Walla Illanes. by Laura 2. Markus Hogue, interview Business Irrigation & Landscaping, Sullivan’s 1. Walla Walla Sprinkler Company. “Water “Water Company. Sprinkler Walla 1. Walla MP Rotator Efficient Design Information: Sheet.” Overview water-conserving irrigation system irrigation system water-conserving States. in the United installed resources and represent a highly a highly and represent resources 125 over on sustainability focus visible largest of the main campus—the acres systems. These improvements provide provide These improvements systems. efficiencies management and system the University’s for and effectiveness with a robust, integrated irrigation integrated with a robust, with along management program, existing to other modifications and manual irrigation automated This demand-side water conservation conservation This demand-side water the University is providing program inspections.” Conclusion remote takes the place of one tech of one tech the place takes remote and turning at the controller standing one does while on and off stations remotely. The device also displays flow flow also displays The device remotely. output, and station electrical rates, “the As Garza explains, information. based on weather conditions. The conditions. based on weather Garza and allow handheld radios maintenance of landscape his staff on and off turn stations to technicians The data from the evapotranspiration the evapotranspiration from The data determines gauges automatically irrigate to often much and how how different scenarios, such as scheduled scheduled such as scenarios, different usage. and manual irrigation or test How Algal Biofertilizers

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 74 Can Accelerate Sustainable Agriculture University of Texas has developed has developed of Texas University harvest to technologies cost-effective use for algal biomass and process CEM or biofertilizer. as animal feed harvest to a grant has been awarded stream waste a tertiary algae from algae as the recovered and assess productivity. Furthermore, the Furthermore, productivity. of synthetic fertilizers production fuels and is dependent on fossil greenhouse towards contributes to In response gas emissions. sustainable concerns, environmental an has become agriculture organic The popular option. increasingly has been of biofertilizers application pest soil erosion, decrease to shown requirements, and water infestation, use of soil tilth. The and improve is particularly algae as a biofertilizer Algae reasons. several appealing for that are in arid areas be grown can can crops, traditional for unsuitable streams, nutrients in waste reclaim “crops” biofertilizer produce and can of growth scale Large round. year and the Center algae is accelerating (CEM) at The Electromechanics for century, agricultural agricultural century, th water demand, and stunting crop crop demand, and stunting water third of the world’s population. Many of the world’s third policies that enacted have countries the use of these synthetic encourage farming and other modern fertilizers yields and crop boost to technologies with population growth. pace keep to led have time, these practices Over problems a number of environmental yields. diminished crop and ironically, use and synthetic fertilizer Aggressive soil increased with tillage is credited ecosystems local degrading erosion, and disease, increased that fight pests production, and thus population production, by the availability was limited growth, nitrogen of plant nutrients—namely 1913, 1909 to and phosphorus. From nitrogen Carl Bosch industrialized nitrogen synthesis by reacting produce gas to gas with hydrogen and explosives. of fertilizer megatons is called system developed The fully the Today, the Haber–Bosch process. more consumes Haber–Bosch process on Earth and than one % of the energy one- roughly feeding for is responsible Until the 20 Rhykka Connelly, PhD Rhykka Connelly, Associate Research Electromechanics for Center [email protected] Agriculture How Algal Biofertilizers Can Algal Biofertilizers How Sustainable Accelerate How Algal Biofertilizers

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 75 Can Accelerate Sustainable Agriculture

5 The 4 Given Given 6 It is fertilizer consumption rate in 1920 rate consumption fertilizer One hundred was ~6.1 million tons. later, and 4.8 billion people years is rate consumption the fertilizer 200 million tons. reach to estimated alternate supply of fertilizer N:P:K will of fertilizer supply alternate food global meet future to be required demands. Requirements. Fuel Fossil of the that one percent estimated goes now consumption energy world’s was ~1.65 billion, U.S. farmers was ~1.65 billion, U.S. farmers of 30 bushels an average produced the world today, per acre; of corn population is ~6.5 billion and corn 134 bushels per about yields average 350%. of almost an increase acre, population is projected By 2050, global grain global by 50% and increase to double. to demand is projected on dependence synthetic fertilizer’s an phosphate, gas and rock natural 3 . The Haber-Bosch process converts natural gas and nitrogen from into ammonia to produce produce ammonia to into from gas and nitrogen natural converts . The Haber-Bosch process It has been called It has been called 2 Fertilizer Production Routes Production Fertilizer consumes more than one % of the more consumes on Earth and is responsible energy of the one-third roughly feeding for population. world’s technological important the most century. in the twentieth invention of the Haber-Bosch process Because industrial and other improvements, has substantially agriculture with yields in parallel crop increased example, For population growth. population in 1920 when the world urea and commercial fertilizers. Phosphate rock is converted to usable phosphates. usable to is converted rock Phosphate fertilizers. and commercial urea of plant nutrients— by the availability and phosphorus. nitrogen namely 1913, Carl Bosch 1909 to From by synthesis nitrogen industrialized air with gas from nitrogen reacting gas to natural gas from hydrogen of ammonia-based megatons produce system developed The fully fertilizer. the Haber–Bosch process. is called the Haber–Bosch process Today, Fig. 01.

th With time, 1 century, it was century, th century, agricultural production, and production, agricultural century, was limited thus population growth, nutrients for optimal plant growth and optimal plant growth nutrients for (N), phosphorous nitrogen yield are (K). Until the 20 (P), and potassium refined to keep pace with population keep pace to refined By the 20 growth. plant that the core understood and animal manure to their vegetable their vegetable to and animal manure groves. and olive crops more became fertilization natural or even enhancing yield while staying staying enhancing yield while or even 800 of land. Between on the same plot enriched farmers 200 B.C. Greek to city sewage their soils by applying first yield on a plot of land qualitatively of land qualitatively yield on a plot first subsequent ones. Thus, surpassed of maintaining be a way had to there soil to improve its fertility, and thus, its fertility, improve soil to of plants. In the and yield the growth that the noted times, people earliest Fertilizers added to substances are Fertilizers support of agricultural production. support of agricultural The Rise and Impact of Synthetic of Texas demonstrating a technique a technique demonstrating of Texas reclaim to use microalgae to waste from and nitrogen phosphorous it for and redirect streams water alternative to mainstream synthetic mainstream to alternative our current and presents fertilizers, at the University applied research agricultural practices through a through practices agricultural outlines perspective, historical as an biofertilizers of the potential the UT campus with sustainable algal with sustainable the UT campus the presents This essay biofertilizer. posed by conventional challenges plant nutrient uptake. The ultimate The ultimate plant nutrient uptake. the provide is to goal of the study recommend to necessary data on of synthetic fertilizer replacement on the data generated in our pilot in our pilot generated on the data predict we the literature, and in study soil tilth and improved improved a biofertilizer on a larger scale on scale a larger on a biofertilizer Based in 2011-2012. the UT campus How Algal Biofertilizers

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 76 Can Accelerate Sustainable Agriculture Excess fertilizer fertilizer Excess 21 22 include microorganisms, such as include microorganisms, and fungi, cyanobacteria, bacteria, are that algae and their metabolites crop of enhancing soil fertility, capable organic and/or yield. Applying growth, land agricultural to biofertilizers the amount of carbon increase could factors that may be inhibitory to plant to that may be inhibitory factors growth. a Sustainable to Transitioning with Economy Agricultural Biofertilizers be can agriculture Sustainable that meet current defined as practices food, needs for societal and future and healthy healthy ecosystems, and that do so by maximizing lives, Additionally, to society. the net benefit also agriculture sustainable use, of energy sustainability requires and transportation, manufacturing, that also have sectors other economic impacts. environmental significant unsustainability the apparent Despite also clear it is of synthetic fertilizers, the future sustain to that in order of use of some form population, world Biofertilizers is necessary. fertilizers to alternative a promising represent Biofertilizers synthetic fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers decrease soil decrease fertilizers Chemical the growth by stimulating fertility on that thrive of microorganisms time, these organisms Over nitrogen. matter, the soil of organic deplete can tilth and soil in decreased resulting many yield. Simultaneously, crop may be displaced beneficial microbes further by synthetic fertilizers, a lack in poor soil formation, resulting and of nutrients, of decomposition parasitic from protection inadequate and fungal growth. accumulation substantial also causes of major (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and Zn2+) ions in soil (Cd2+, heavy-metal in soil pH, solutions and a decrease

14 15

20 The 18 Nitrogen-based Nitrogen-based Tilth refers to the to Tilth refers

19 Currently, one third one third Currently, Water in more than 20% in more Water 17 13 Making (Haber-Bosch) 16 soil that has an appropriate mixture mixture soil that has an appropriate that matter of sand, clay and organic and compaction severe prevents It takes circulation. oxygen promotes a centimeter for than 20 years more of The deterioration form. of soil to serious global soils is one of the most humankind as it facing challenges population. a growing feed to attempts World that since It has been estimated have practices II, poor farming War or about damaged ~1.3 million acres, in use today. 38% of all farmland IPCC estimated that the agricultural that the agricultural IPCC estimated 65% of global contributes sector of 40% N2O emissions, anthropogenic CH4 emissions, anthropogenic global anthropogenic and 10-12% of global CO2 emissions. Impact on Soil Tilth. of a soil, including condition physical hold ability to and relative its texture and nutrients. It is a key moisture health. Soil in of a soil’s indicator nutrient-rich good tilth is a loamy Impact on Air Quality. global to directly contribute fertilizers warming. of one kilogram and transporting releases in a fertilizer nitrogen the into dioxide of carbon 3.7 kg atmosphere. and greater of N2O emissions CH4 global than half of the total anthropogenic from stem emissions fossil including industry, sources fuel acquisition and use, biomass burning, and agricultural. Elevated levels of nitrate and of nitrate levels Elevated been found likewise have pesticides than in more groundwater in shallow agricultural States’ half of the United watersheds. safe exceeds of these watersheds nitrate, for standards drinking water for risk factor which is a potential problems. and reproductive cancer

12 Low Low On 7 11 One of Another way to state state Another way to 8 although this %age remains remains although this %age 9 The excess nutrients are free free nutrients are The excess 10 from U.S. farmland has polluted more more has polluted U.S. farmland from of waterways. than 173,000 miles in the nation’s rivers and streams. and streams. rivers in the nation’s that runoff of The agency reports silt, and animal waste chemicals, The U.S. Environmental Protection Protection The U.S. Environmental farming Agency has blamed current 70% of the pollution for practices livelihoods depend on the marketing depend on the marketing livelihoods of these organisms. bottom dwellers and drives off mobile off mobile and drives dwellers bottom such as fish and shrimp, which sea life further up further impacts organisms change and those whose in the food water column faster than it can be than it can faster column water the surface. from replenished immobile decimate levels oxygen when the bloom subsides, subsequent subsides, when the bloom consumes by bacteria decomposition deep in the oxygen dissolved by the Mississippi River system and system River by the Mississippi High-nutrient the Gulf. into deposited and algal blooms, stimulate levels zone” in the Gulf of Mexico, where where zone” in the Gulf of Mexico, of belt the agricultural runoff from is concentrated States the United the most dramatic illustrations of illustrations dramatic the most of excessive cost the environmental is the massive fertilizer nitrogen “dead oxygen) dissolved (low hypoxic off. Waters. of Eutrophication 1986). in the applied soil, or they remain to run- be washed away as fertilizer can the nitrogen applied to farmland as as farmland applied to the nitrogen fertilizer, (Nielsen and Jensen controversial three kcal of fossil energy to produce produce to energy of fossil kcal three Ironically, energy. food of one kcal actually that crops it is estimated one-half of to one-third absorb only acre, per year are needed to fertilize fertilize to needed are per year acre, farming. soil for uses U.S. farm this is that the average toward fertilizer manufacture. fertilizer toward fuels per of fossil 5.5 gallons average, How Algal Biofertilizers

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 77 Can Accelerate Sustainable Agriculture Land degradation Land degradation and nonrenewable in the human- and nonrenewable background In general, time scale. the soil at roughly removes erosion But as soil is formed. same rate soil erosion—loss “accelerated” than rate of soil at a much faster recent more a far it is formed—is Both studies predicted that a lower that a lower predicted Both studies would of biofertilizer concentration the same produce to be required by conventional yields promoted used algae Neither study fertilizers. evidence In fact, as their biofertilizer. from nutrient uptake of increased and is is lacking algal biofertilizers by the being investigated currently of Texas. University Soil stability. is a erosion accelerated due to soil because issue serious global finite are of the world resources

27 there is a need to develop develop is a need to there 26 Chlorine(Cl-), etc. Given that it is Given etc. Chlorine(Cl-), absorb actually that crops estimated one-half of the to one-third only as farmland applied to nitrogen fertilizer, which system agricultural a suitable input with fertilizer lower requires Recent use efficiency. higher fertilizer by Das et. al and Rivera-Cruz studies that an inoculation of et. al showed significantly biofertilizer a single yield through the biomass increased in plants. nutrient uptake increased plants obtain carbon from CO2 from CO2 from from carbon plants obtain and the water, O2 and H from the air, absorbed are elements remaining up take the soil. Plant roots from the soil from elements plant-food potassium(K+), in their ionic forms; magnesium(Mg2+), Calcium(Ca2+), zinc(Zn2+), nitrogen(NO-3), iron(Fe3+), H2PO-4), sulphur(SO-4), phosphorous(

24 Microalgae are are Microalgae 25 23 food essential elements are necessary necessary are elements essential food plants. Green of green the growth for Biofertilizer nutrient transfer to crops. transfer to nutrient Biofertilizer 16 plant- that at least known It is now of the Salton Sea while producing producing Sea while of the Salton of 100,000 tons approximately biomass. microalgae of nitrate. Nutrient removal from from Nutrient removal of nitrate. by microalgae waters these drainage eutrophication avoid would cultures drainage waters flow annually into into annually flow waters drainage These wastewaters this body of water. of 1,000 tons approximately contain and 10-times this amount phosphate potentially very large-scale application application large-scale very potentially one Over of nutrient reclamation. of agricultural billion cubic meters loads into freshwater ecosystems. freshwater into loads Sea in Salton The microalgae-rich of a is an example Southern California potential to improve the water quality water the improve to potential reducing both of the effluent by nutrient and phosphorous nitrogen CO2 to O2. As a result, incorporating incorporating result, O2. As a CO2 to conventional into systems microalgal has the treatment wastewater and phosphorus-rich, CO2-fertilized and phosphorus-rich, CO2-fertilized upon feed The microalgae water. these suspended nutrients to of and conversion growth promote Nutrient reclamation. Nutrient organisms plant-like microscopic in nitrogen- suspended that grow pesticides, and reduced release of release and reduced pesticides, oxide. nitrous such as improved workability of soils, workability such as improved production less retention, water better and fertilizers and use of mineral reclamation of N:P:K from wastewater wastewater of N:P:K from reclamation increasing Furthermore, streams. in soils may cause matter organic effects, gas-saving other greenhouse greenhouse gas emissions by gas emissions greenhouse of eliminating the requirement through production for fuels fossil stored in these soils and contribute in these soils and contribute stored of reduction to the significantly How Algal Biofertilizers

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 78 Can Accelerate Sustainable Agriculture

38 wider community. We expect improved improved expect We wider community. and plant health at a soil conditions of the traditional of the cost fraction fertilizer. with demonstration scale Our larger as serves parameters testing rigorous Soil analyses were conducted prior conducted were Soil analyses The soil fertilization. and after to that the algal-fertilized showed data yielded and 21% taller, grew crops than plants produce 25% more beds. These data, in the control sp. Chlorella that processed suggest compared production crop improves inorganic available a commercially to fertilizer. algal biofertilizer scale A larger by the UT supported project is commencing Initiative Sustainability this demonstration, For this fall. the nutrient-enriched algae from ponds Utility at Hornsby Bend’s Water using UT technologies. was processed has been biomass The processed and phosphorus nitrogen for analyzed will plots Algae-conditioned content. with conditioned plots to be compared amount of traditional the comparable will be reported The results fertilizer. the and Office the Sustainability to of harmful chemicals and solvents. solvents. and of harmful chemicals (de- processed This means that the and rich with is clean biomass oiled) use for and nutrients suitable proteins as a biofertilizer. study a preliminary UT has conducted of processed effects the examining The beds yields. on crop biomass with either 12.5 kg/ conditioned were sp. biomass, dried Chlorella acre concentration or with an identical (positive fertilizer of commercial garden unfertilized A third control). as a negative bed was established six cherry Each bed contained control. plants and six herb plants. tomato

and 36 ; 37 solution that recovers algal lipids and algal solution that recovers for suitable biomass clean produces or feeds use as animal/aquacultural with UT has partnered biofertilizers. Utility at Wastewater the City of Austin microalgae harvest Hornsby Bend to ponds to polishing their water from biomass. yield algal oils and clean the UT-developed In this process, algal unit extracts processing mobile the the algae from separates water, then the algal cells, ruptures water, the use the oil, all without recovers agriculture. UTAPP has designed has designed UTAPP agriculture. of the power harness to study on the UT as a biofertilizer microalgae will be conducted The study campus. and is the 2011-2012 season over below. detail outlined in more of Traditional Replacement Algal with Processed Fertilizers on the UT Campus Biomass an and deployed UT has developed processing algal biomass end-to-end requires no fossil fuel inputs; no fossil requires O2; CO2 to waste convert • Algae can and using processed study • Our pilot showed as a biofertilizer microalgae that of yield exceeded that crop applied at the fertilizer chemical same rate. of the University together, Taken Program Algae Processing Texas may hold that microalgae believes of in the future place an important efficiently recycle N:P:K nutrients recycle efficiently streams wastewater from soil aggregates stabilize in be grown can • Microalgae support that cannot environments and land-based crops traditional those do not displace therefore crops; if of microalgae, • The production stream, a wastewater to coupled 35 34 found found 30 31 32 33 Bailey et al. Bailey 29 The long-term influence influence The long-term 28 and to been shown have • Microalgae represent a promising alternative to to alternative a promising represent organic or alternative commercial, fertilizers: use of microalgae as a biofertilizer is is as a biofertilizer use of microalgae individual reports lacking. However, could that microalgae suggest fuels. on fossil reliance • decreased the characterizing data Currently, beneficial • increased microorganisms, of soil aggregates, • stabilization nutrient transfer, • increased yield, crop • comparable To date, many studies have shown that shown have many studies date, To benefits numerous have biofertilizers yield: crop soil quality and to much reduced through the use of algal through much reduced biofertilizers. equivalent nutrient uptake by crops, crops, by nutrient uptake equivalent and may mean that soil erosion nutrient run-off may be consequent incubation as compared to soil without to incubation as compared with together algae. These data, amounts that lower the prediction for required are of biofertilizers that microalgae-supplemented soil that microalgae-supplemented of the %age increased significantly of six weeks after soil aggregates stability may result from microbial microbial from may result stability of extracellular mineralization polysaccharides. binding polysaccharides from their from binding polysaccharides walls. cell on aggregate of polysaccharides and leaving processed crops on the crops processed and leaving may microalgae field. Interestingly, of in the reduction also participate soil- by contributing soil erosion different methods of reducing soil reducing methods of different tillage including contour erosion, windbreaks, or no-tillage, installing problem primarily due to aggressive aggressive due to primarily problem are There practices. agricultural How Algal Biofertilizers

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 79 Can Accelerate Sustainable Agriculture 22. S.E. Lorenz, R.E. Hamon, S.P. McGrath, McGrath, R.E. Hamon, S.P. 22. S.E. Lorenz, “Applications Christensen, Holm, and T.H. P.E. and zinc cadmium affect cations of fertilizer by in soil solutions and uptake concentrations 2006, Journal of Soil Science, plants,” European P, Jobe BO, Krueger 45(2):159–165; and Barak of long-term Effects DA. LA, Laird A, Peterson inputs in to agricultural due soil acidification 17. Soil Conservation Council of Canada . 17. Soil Conservation Fuel” Fossil and Agriculture: Warming “Global 1, #3. January 2001. volume Factsheet IPCC Guidelines for 1996 18. IPCC Revised In: Gas Inventories. National Greenhouse 3. UK. 1997, vol. Bracknell, Manual. Reference , A. Irvine, G. John, 19. J. Holtkamp, D. Hayano and S. Snodgrass, Newland, T. O. Munds-Dry, of U.S. greenhouse M. Williams, “Inventory gases and sinks: 1996-2006,”(Environmental 2006), http://www.epa. Agency, Protection gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads/08_ Annex_1-7.pdf. W.G. Hakkeling, 20. L.R. Oldeman, R.T.A of Human- of the Status Map “World Sombroek, Note,” An Explanatory Soil Degradation: induced Soil Netherlands: International (Wageningen, and United Centre and Information Reference 1991). Programme, Nations Environment “Microalgal and R.A. Lewin, Barclay 21. W.R. the conditioning for production polysaccharide soils,” Plant and Soil. 1985. of agricultural and R.G. Burns, 88(2):159-169; and S.L. Rogers nutrient status, stability, “Changes in aggregate populations, and seedling indigenous microbial inoculation of soil with following emergence, of Soils. and Fertility Biology muscoru,” Nostoc 1994. 18(3):209-215. and S. Langård, “Incidence of cancer among of cancer “Incidence and S. Langård, Occup Int Arch workers,” fertilizer nitrate 1994, 66(3):189-93; and J.J. Health. Environ Gulati, J.D. George, Heindel, R.E. Chapin, D.K. Barnes, L.H. C.B., Myers, M.C. Marr, C.J. Price, of al., “Assessment et Grizzle , T.B. Fail P.A. of toxicity and developmental the reproductive based on confirmed mixtures pesticide/fertilizer and Iowa in California contamination pesticide 1994, Toxicol., Appl Fundam groundwater,” 22(4):605-21. Howarth, R.W. J. Aber, Vitousek, 16. P.M. Schindler, Matson, D.W. , P.A. G.E. Likens G.D. Tilman, “Human Schlesinger,and W.H. Causes cycle: nitrogen of the global alteration Applications. Ecological and consequences,” “The other 1997, 7:737–750; and J. Kaiser, curb,” to tough proves nitrogen pollutant: global 2001, 294:268–269. Science. 15. F. Zandjani, B. Høgsaet, A. Andersen, Zandjani, B. Høgsaet, A. Andersen, 15. F. from Animal Feeding Operations,” Testimony Testimony Operations,” Animal Feeding from Resource on Forestry, Subcommittee before of the Committee and Research Conservation, U.S. House of Representatives, on Agriculture, http://www.epa.gov/ 13 May 1998. Available: ocirpage/hearings/testimony/051398.htm. Agency, Protection 3. U.S. Environmental EPA/600/R- “2008 Report on the Environment,” 07/045F (NTIS PB2008-112484). forecast “A Zhang, Zhang, and X.Y. 14. W.J. worldwide,” consumption on fertilizers analysis and Assessment, Monitoring Environmental 2007, 133:427-434. 2006. agriculturally 9. D Tilman, et al, “Forecasting change.” Science environmental global driven 2001, 292:281–284. 10. NE Nielsen and HE Jensen, “The course soil from by spring barley uptake of nitrogen and Soil, 1986, nitrogen,”Plant and fertilizer 91(3):391-395. and WJ Wiseman, 11. NN Rabalais, RE Turner, aka ‘the dead zone,’” hypoxia, “Gulf of Mexico 2002, 33:235–63. Syst. Ecol. Annu. Rev. Pollution 12. M. Cook, “Reducing Water DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Research Policy Food DC, USA: International Institute,1996). 320:889. 2008, et al., Science. 6. JN Galloway 7. Ibid. Fuels, Fossil 8. U.S. Department of Energy, environment.” Food, agriculture and the agriculture Food, environment.” paper 17,(Washington, discussion environment 1953 (Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization Organization and Agriculture 1953 (Rome: Food BL Bumb Nations, 1953); and of the United in of fertilizer “The role Baanante, and CA the security and protecting food sustaining 5. FAO, Annual Fertilizer Yearbook 1998,(Rome: Yearbook Annual Fertilizer 5. FAO, of the United Organization and Agriculture Food of World An Annual Review Nations, 1999); FAO. and Consumption of Fertilizers Production 4. USDA National Agricultural Statistics Statistics National Agricultural 4. USDA 2000c; and Horrigan, Production, Crop Service, (2002). Walker Lawrence, 3. V. Smil, Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Haber, Smil, Enriching the Earth: Fritz 3. V. Food of World Bosch, and the Transformation 2004),: 360. (Cambridge: MIT Press. Production. the environmental and human health harms the environmental Health Environ. agriculture,” of industrial 2002, 110:445–56. Perspect. 1. GE Fussell, Farming Systems of the Classical of the Classical Systems Farming 1. GE Fussell, 1967, 8(1):16-48. and Culture. Technology Era. Walker and P. 2. L. Horrigan, RS Lawrence, address can agriculture sustainable “How P. References thereby mitigating environmental mitigating environmental thereby the facing issues and economical industry. agricultural inorganic fertilizers with a system with a system fertilizers inorganic recovers algae efficiently wherein and phosphorus for nitrogen waste production, in agricultural re-use a first step to replace unsustainable unsustainable replace to step a first Google Satellite view of the JJ Pickle Research Campus (left) and the proposed site of the fertilizer plots located on the Pickle Campus Pickle on the located plots of the fertilizer site and the proposed (left) Campus Research of the JJ Pickle view Satellite Google (right). How Algal Biofertilizers

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 80 Can Accelerate Sustainable Agriculture U.S. Department of Energy (2006). U.S. Department of Energy 36. Benemann (2003) and Klaveness Peterson, 37. Hu, Liu, Paulsen, (2003). S, Shukla MK, Mishra RD, Dwivedi 38. Tripathi DK. Role UN, Gupta S, Singh R, Rai S, Srivastava in ameliorating algae biofertilizer of blue green to the stress demand and fly-ash the nitrogen L.) plants. (Oryza sativa and yield of rice growth 2008. 70(10):1919-1929 Chemosphere. Klaveness (2003) Klaveness (2002); and and Walker 35. Horrigan, Lawrence, Burns (1994) Robertson, and Hunter 34. Ball, Cheshire, and Peterson, (1996); and Hu, Liu, Paulsen, 32. Ibid. and (1985); and Rogers and Lewin 33. Barclay 31. Das, Dang, Shivananda, and Sekeroglu and Sekeroglu 31. Das, Dang, Shivananda, Narcia, (2007); Lal (1998); and Rivera-Cruz, and Roldan (2008). Caravaca, Kohler, Ballona, 30. Bailey D, Mazuraka D, Rosowski J. D, Rosowski D, Mazuraka 30. Bailey by algae. Journal of of soil particles Aggregation 1973. 9(1):99-101 Phycology. D, Klaveness D. Extracellular carbohydrate carbohydrate D. Extracellular D, Klaveness desert soil algae with five from polymers of fine in the stabilization cohesion different 2003. 54:33-42. Carbohyd. Polym. sand grain, plasticity of two soils in a long-term experiment, experiment, soils in a long-term of two plasticity Soil Till. Res. 1996. 39:143-160. SE, Petersen Liu YD, Paulsen 29. Hu CX, 28. Ball BC, Cheshire MV, Robertson EAG, EAG, MV, Robertson 28. Ball BC, Cheshire in composition EA. Carbohydrate and Hunter and compatibility stability, structural to relation and banana waste are effective biofertilizer biofertilizer effective are and banana waste and soil plant growth promoting for carriers Soil Biol. in banana crops. sustainability Biochem. 2008, 40: 3092–3095. agronomic productivity and environment quality. quality. and environment productivity agronomic Plant Sci. 1998, 17:319–464.;and Crit. Rev. GC, Kohler Ballona AT, MC, Narcia Rivera-Cruz manure F, Roldan A. Poultry J, Caravaca N. Influence of biofertilizers on the biomass on the biomass of biofertilizers N. Influence rebaudiana in Stevia yield and nutrient content J. of Med. Pl. in Indian subtropics. Bert. grown impact on erosion 2007, 1(1): 5-8.; Lal R. Soil res 26. Nielsen and Jensen (1986). TN, Sekeroglu 27. Das K, Dang R, Shivananda U.S. Department of Energy National Energy National Energy U.S. Department of Energy No. 7010000926. Group, Laboratory, Technology . 25. Benemann JR. Biofixation of CO2 and 25. Benemann JR. Biofixation with microalgae gas abatement greenhouse the for Prepared roadmap. – technology 24. Oswald WJ, Gataas HB. Photosynthesis in in HB. Photosynthesis 24. Oswald WJ, Gataas Engin. Soc. Civ. Amer. Trans. treatment. sewage 1957. 122: 73–97. Wisconsin. Plant Soil 1998, 197:61–69 Wisconsin. (1996) 23. Bumb and Baanante Sustainable Places Project

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 81 This plan Texas, a non-profit organization that organization a non-profit Texas, sustainable a more craft to formed five- an extensive through region The process. public outreach county transit more for plan calls concept and compact walkable, supportive, and transportation land development IBM, and the Cities of Austin, Round IBM, and the Cities of Austin, The CATS Rock, and San Marcos. builds on Project Places Sustainable planning of regional tradition a strong Texas. in Central and collaboration the Central than a decade, more Over thousands has involved region Texas goals and of citizens in setting new quality of life, a better policies for planning key including the following will we In what follows, initiatives. a sampling of the past review first as well plans and concepts, regional in planning tools, regional as existing the current contextualize to an effect going before of our Consortium, work itself. about the project detail into Regional Development The Preferred Plan. Scenario Concept by Envision Central was developed (CAMPO), Envision Central Texas, Texas, Envision Central (CAMPO), nonprofit stakeholders in the Central in the Central stakeholders nonprofit Rock (Austin-Round region Texas build on those MSA) that seeks to more realize to efforts previous urban patterns and livable sustainable into move people as millions more work live, to region Texas the Central decades. two the next and play over Consortium includes the The CATS the at Austin, of Texas University of Governments Council Area Capital Area the Capital (CAPCOG), Organization Planning Metropolitan Regional Planning a number decades, two the last Over been of plans and policies have better to developed collaboratively and livability greater promote region in the Central sustainability and of public, private with a variety The Capital partners. nonprofit (CATS) Sustainability Texas Area Places Consortium Sustainable collaboration is a broad-based Project and academic, of public, private, I. A Brief History of Central Texas Texas of Central I. A Brief History Grants and Projects Manager and Projects Grants Development Sustainable for Center [email protected] [email protected] Wu Sarah Robert Paterson Robert Paterson Professor Associate Planning Community and Regional School of Architecture Sustainable Places Project Places Sustainable Sustainable Places Project

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 82 The Sustainable Places Project Places The Sustainable II. Places The goal of the Sustainable is consortium and project Project that capital intellectual produce to the body of sustainability adds to metrics, technology, knowledge, learned to conduct the next generation generation the next conduct to learned our of engagement and planning for a way offers This project region. of Central citizens and leaders for sustainability why explore to Texas of their support and is a goal worthy will demonstrate Our project pursuit. that supports choices data how effective, cost sustainable, create outcomes competitive economically preserving while communities, for that make and values the character unique and communities the region’s a forge to expect We places. diverse and other voluntary compact regional agreements intergovernmental future for a platform provide to planning decisions and investments The results. based on the project and the Project Places Sustainable Consortium will be creating CATS and ongoing opportunities frequent building and capacity sustainability for sharing. knowledge Greenbelt Alliance to develop the develop to Alliance Greenbelt in both Austin cluster clean-economy and San Antonio. Texas Central of Other elements that will planning spectrum regional Sustainable the CATS to contribute include the Capital Project Places Strategy, Development Economic Area Plan and Air Action the Clean Protection Climate Compact, Austin Comprehensive Plan, Imagine Austin Alliance Plan, and the Greenbelt Initiative. builds Project Places The Sustainable and the lessons on all these efforts In A Regional businesses. CAPCOG provided funding provided CAPCOG businesses. a smart- Project, Street the Pecan to grid/ smart-home demonstration through being implemented project Energy, Austin between partnerships Incubator, Technology Austin UT’s Fund, Defense the Environmental Chamber of Austin the Greater Dell, as Cisco, as well Commerce, GE, Semiconductor, Freescale and Microsoft, Oracle, IBM, Intel, in turn These efforts SEMATECH. the emerging impetus to provide Clusters Projects through the through Projects Clusters Council of Governments Area Capital association a voluntary (CAPCOG), cities, and special of counties, the planning that address districts that cross Texas needs of Central the boundaries of individual local regional and require governments Clusters innovation This attention. first is one of the nation’s Project technology linking energy projects of an economic with the creation energy green interrelated of cluster development while protecting natural, natural, protecting while development resources. and recreational cultural, goals conservation The priorities for by each determined individually were (http://envisioncentraltexas. county org/resources/CenTexReport.pdf). Project. Clusters Innovation of these and other recognition the U.S. accomplishments, Economic Department of Commerce, Administration Development innovation funded one of its first Greenprint for Growth: for Greenprint and Conservation Action Plan for Opportunity: Spearheaded Economic the and Texas by Envision Central Public Lands, this is a for Trust (funded in part by the unique tool that Highway Administration) Federal and modeling applies GIS mapping help communities to technology and guide growth and governments Adopted in Adopted sets bold policy for sets bold policy for www.austinstrategicmobility.com/). going to Austin voters in November in November voters Austin going to non-road to 50% of dollars dedicates (http:// first — a historic investments Principles which must drive all drive which must Principles Significantly, spending and projects. bond package a transportation the region’s largest city. The ASMP city. largest the region’s of effectiveness measures establishes on the six Livability based directly The Austin Strategic Mobility The Austin Strategic Plan (ASMP) within investments transportation and transportation development development and transportation (http://www.campotexas.org/ patterns programs_plan.php). CAMPO 2035 Plan, Central Texas has Texas 2035 Plan, Central CAMPO help the region to policy an adopted land use sustainable toward move travel-demand models, CAMPO now now CAMPO models, travel-demand they how show to projects requires the Through congestion. reduce use-and-transportation approach approach use-and-transportation signals a huge shift investment to Rather than basing our region. for on all mobility decisions purely use centers for jobs, housing, and for use centers by both transit connected services, land- This integrated and roads. a goal that 30% of new growth in the in growth a goal that 30% of new be in 37 activity centers 20 years next mixed- compact that encompass a bold new vision for our regional our regional vision for a bold new Building investments. transportation it sets scenario, preferred on the ECT to be completed in compliance in compliance be completed to funding transportation with federal The plan embodies requirements. May 2010, the CAMPO 2035 Plan May 2010, the CAMPO regional Texas’s prioritizes Central the for investments transportation and is required years twenty next envisioncentraltexas.org). The CAMPO 2035 Plan. patterns to better realize six key six key realize better to patterns (http://www. Principles Livability Sustainable Places Project

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 83 The next tool, INDEX, is similar tool, The next to I-PLACE3S. Originally conceived conceived Originally I-PLACE3S. to to in 1994, INDEX was intended a create need to satisfy a perceived municipalities allow that would tool planning simplify the scenario to the complexity by distilling process number a fewer into analysis of data density, %age of various land uses, %age of various density, demand. These and transportation into then “painted” land use types are area. maps of the study parcel-based created, are scenarios different After the then compare can I-PLACE3S a across of each scenario performance including energy of indicators, variety mode changes, usage, transportation display and densities. The web-based to it accessible makes of I-PLACE3S GIS software those without advanced the initial However, or experience. perform to required setup of data be can analyses these scenario professionals requiring often tedious, of both land knowledge with technical the use planning and GIS. Further, different compare to used indicators making it standardized, are scenarios like who would users for problematic to matter what indicators customize them. INDEX. planners and policymakers to better better to policymakers and planners the results and quantify understand In scenarios. land use of different as was developed 2006, I-PLACE3S for replacement an internet-based PLACE3S. users by asking works I-PLACE3S of with a base scenario start to users It then allows development. that parameters define the data to land use types describe different (e.g., zoning based on existing business residential, family single land or proposed etc) commercial, use). Examples use types (e.g., mixed include dwelling parameters of data I-PLACE3S was first was first I-PLACE3S Existing Regional Planning Tools Existing (PLAnning for Community Energy, Community Energy, (PLAnning for and Environmental Economic tool a desktop-based Sustainability), This WA. King County, for created was created edition of PLACE3S early of on the results capitalize in part to Air Quality, Land Use, Transportation, by the a study and Health (LUTAQH), that tied land use same organizations health decisions to and transportation impacts, including air quality and The goal of PLACE3S activity. physical allow that would a tool create was to based planning. I-PLACE3S and based planning. I-PLACE3S that tools of these two INDEX are municipalities and other organizations projects for employing increasingly are to neighborhood design from ranging these tools visioning. While regional Places the Sustainable to similar are are in many ways, they Tool Analytic in some fundamental also different ways. I-PLACE3S. in 2002 as PLACE3S developed demonstration projects will help not projects demonstration all Activity but sites, the selected just interested Texas in Central Centers sustainable in shifting toward development. III. GIS and more to access Increased capabilities geoprocessing powerful a new to has led years in recent capable tools of software generation scenario- sophisticated of increasingly located with appropriate employment employment with appropriate located demonstration opportunities. The a will, in turn, provide projects the Sustainable for pilot real-world The CATS Tool. Analytic Places from will use the feedback team change to software of the users better to and user interface content and analysis sustainability facilitate the from gleaned Lessons learning. characteristics by investing in healthy, in healthy, by investing characteristics neighborhoods co- and walkable safe, The pilot will enable us to identify us to will enable The pilot helps which the tool to the extent its unique enhance each community existing communities in creating in creating communities existing their own plans for special area decisions. development sustainable Sustainable Places Analytic Tool for for Tool Analytic Places Sustainable six to three in projects demonstration support to in order Activity Centers suburban, small-town, and rural and rural suburban, small-town, communities. will use the we initiative, As a pilot choices that protect and improve upon and improve that protect choices and character, environment, the local urban, diverse Texas’ of Central values plans. Most importantly, it will go importantly, plans. Most show to citizens and leaders to directly with be attained can livability how generated by the modeling tool will go by the modeling tool generated shape local to makers decision back to investment and capital comprehensive sustainability terms when making when terms sustainability dialogue elevating thereby choices, advance planning to and coordinated The information sustainability. separate places in a region can can in a region places separate different enables use, this tool speak in the same to communities suburban or rural community activity activity community suburban or rural a standardized By providing center. package that each of the software future development might be with development future each for metric reports sustainability of an urban, configuration alternate Texas communities. This tool will This tool communities. Texas of Central planers citizens and allow sustainable how explore to Texas software program, the Sustainable the Sustainable program, software perform to Tool, Analytic Places of future analyses sustainability Central for scenarios development CATS Consortium, the UT Center for for Consortium, the UT Center CATS IBM, and Development, Sustainable a new developing are the City of Austin analytics, case studies and practical and practical studies case analytics, Within the nationwide. available tools Sustainable Places Project

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 84 Analytic Tool and demonstration and demonstration Tool Analytic modeling of alternate will allow sites development land and transportation assess can so communities patterns of different costs the benefits and scenarios. development sustainable may be the project from results Early soon January as viewing for available any questions have 2012. If you to free feel please about the project for Wu at the Center Sarah contact at sarahwu@ Development Sustainable mail.utexas.edu. Project Potential and Larger and Larger Potential Project benefits for the participating Central for the participating Central benefits participating in the communities Texas projects. demonstration IV. our for Implications Sustainability Region Project Places The Sustainable demonstrate to has the potential the benefits of Texans Central to the for development sustainable Places The Sustainable region. the next three years. Finally, where where Finally, years. three the next reasonably are and data knowledge the tool, the analytical for accessible “thresholds” metrics will suggest will area which the study beyond see a decline in sustainability actually This kind of information capacity. the around a dialogue facilitates set to level sustainable appropriate, the each measure for thresholds for Consortium The CATS addresses. tool this for by the possibilities is excited tangible very have to software new program will initially be used by will initially program greater have but eventually planners non-professional for usability capacity the CATS Third, as well. audiences this on taking Consortium is intent to software of sustainability version pop-up windows where another level why understand to users will enable or impervious cover like a measure is important jobs-housing balance It concerns. sustainability local to and capacity- an education will serve over building function as it develops indicators will be based on Central will be based on Central indicators using analysis specific data Texas the Sustainability from data survey and models Project Indicators that by UT researchers developed energy economic, based on local are tool will the Second, data. and fiscal web-interface a middleware run from build off COGNOS that will called The Cities program. Smarter IBM’s The CATS Tool will differ in several in several will differ Tool The CATS some of the First, respects. important and widely used by many planning and widely professionals. this requires more up-front software software up-front more this requires it also uses a and expertise, access familiar already environment software INDEX is desktop-based, integrating integrating INDEX is desktop-based, or as an extension with ArcGIS directly While than web-based. rather module public participation events in which public participation events shape the can information real-time dynamics of decision-making. A final is that I-PLACE3S from distinction changes to different scenarios “on scenarios different changes to useful This is particularly the fly.” or other workshops in community impacts the overall performance performance impacts the overall predefined against of the scenario show also easily goals. INDEX can users to define goals for indicators for indicators define goals to users planning at the beginning of scenario each decision how and then shows importance of different factors to the to factors of different importance a given for calculated score overall INDEX enables Further, indicator. responses to the question “what’s “what’s the question to responses this indicator?” for a good score Another benefit of INDEX is its relative define the users let ability to particularly useful for understanding understanding useful for particularly scenarios of various the desirability user as local by the defined in terms of maximum or minimum scores of maximum or minimum scores This point or indicator. any data across INDEX makes on thresholds reliance categories or development patterns. patterns. or development categories INDEX I-PLACE3S, unlike However, thresholds create to users allows more objective decision-making. objective more INDEX asks the I-PLACE3S, Like that use palettes land create user to zoning and potential describe existing demonstrate the inter-connectedness the inter-connectedness demonstrate use and land of transportation and create decisions and impacts, of indicators that could be easily be easily that could of indicators scenarios, between compared The University of Texas at

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 85 Austin Solar Decathlon Houses producers. producers. of at the University Solar Decathlon at Austin Texas from teams student Interdisciplinary have at Austin of Texas the University The Solar Decathlon is designed to to is designed The Solar Decathlon and industry research, stimulate renewable advance to education with a specific technologies, energy on building-integrated focus The projects systems. photovoltaic teams of student and innovations change, for as catalysts serve housing the residential leading sustainable more toward industry the need addressing while practices appropriately well-designed, for and viable, economically diverse, housing. responsible environmentally the use of solar power, Through the homeowners offer projects in participate directly means to from moving economy, the energy energy become to consumers energy home’s photovoltaic system. system. photovoltaic home’s design, and thermal comfort. The design, and thermal comfort. the design for also calls competition of lifestyle the average appeal to to public, with enough solar the general the household support all to energy needs including heating, power and air conditioning, ventilation cleaning, lighting, cooking, and a computer telecommunications, this mix, the use. Into home/office for an electric for also called competition the from be charged that can “car” The U.S. Department of Energy, The U.S. Department of Energy, is an international Solar Decathlon that competition intercollegiate student each competing challenges an design, build, and operate to team off the grid totally foot, 800-square house on the National solar-powered test D.C. and to Mall in Washington period of a twenty-day the house over consists The competition operation. on ingenuity, focusing contests of ten energy-efficiency, production, energy Fig. 01. 2002 UT/CMPBS Solar Decathlon House on the National Mall in Washington D.C. House on the National Mall in Washington Fig. 01. 2002 UT/CMPBS Solar Decathlon Introduction [email protected] Michael Garrison Professor The School of Architecture The University of Texas at of Texas The University Houses Solar Decathlon Austin The University of Texas at

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 86 Austin Solar Decathlon Houses electric utility power. PV’s provides provides PV’s utility power. electric when sunlight is DC power direct is needed when If power available. batteries sunlight is not available, the times when for power will store the sun is not shining. These systems with a Hydrosolar in conjunction work built environments in which the built environments given are parts making up the whole and construction layout, for freedom components, so building adaptation be can such as walls and windows, as subtracted as well added on to the accommodate to in order from needs of the household. the solar decathlon make to In order with the sun effectively work project state several source power as its sole design features of the art sustainable the kit of parts into integrated were included design. These features ventilation, shading, solar induced appliances, Star daylighting, Energy equipment and lighting and the use tube solar hot water of an evacuated with a 3.6kW roof heating system (PV) powered photovoltaic mounted 2002 of Texas University The system. House is designed Solar Decathlon stand- and is a efficient be energy to which does not use system, alone the heat and moisture gain from gain from the heat and moisture washing clothes showering, cooking, the design allows and dishes, etc, these sources compartmentalize to to utility runs. In order and reduce functions of the remaining provide and flexible the house, a modular around was erected building system in a dogtrot trailer the Airstream aesthetic Airstream The configuration. the building throughout is carried steel B-Line, structural where, as grid sections function eight-foot for and superstructure the platform The basic open building systems. is a idea of an open building system of designing and producing strategy shipped to the site in Washington in Washington the site shipped to as an 800 square D.C. and assembled house in just solar-powered foot days without the use of heavy four a equipment. The design features kit of reusable modular, flexible, on the land and parts that sits lightly a around the superstructure forms The core utility environment. mobile of the house is a modified Airstream built a team which contains trailer, and bathroom kitchen, prefabricated The idea of isolating laundry facility. environment. 2002 UT/CMPBS Solar Decathlon House that the competition the fact Given implied the solar decathlon brief for structure, and temporary a portable House the 2002 Solar Decathlon with was designed, in collaboration Maximum Potential for the Center (CMPBS), as Building Systems kit of parts that was a “flat-box” daylighting, water use efficiency, use efficiency, daylighting, water management, smart energy waste and other low- management systems, that open building systems entropy architecture. “green” to contribute the Solar Decathlon Through of building the study competition, also includes the principles, systems applications standards, conventions, with the associated and restrictions and and use of existing manufacture and materials construction emerging on the and their effect assemblies Our investigations suggest that that suggest Our investigations offer design technologies sustainable the serious emerging solutions to efficiency of energy challenges and development and sustainable in force a strong become thereby sustainable shaping design. These integrate design technologies solar passive systems, photovoltaic ventilation, heating, solar induced environment, between ecology and ecology between environment, economics. based upon principles of collaboration of collaboration based upon principles and the a homeowner —between a building and its home, between questions with social questions, we we with social questions, questions turn an environmental ultimately research environmental into challenge design, experience has proven that has proven design, experience with design questions by blending and performance questions logistics solar energy technologies to the to technologies solar energy closely public, and are general is no one there While inter-related. building sustainable best single technical and social practice. These and social practice. technical critical are issues sustainability of the feasibility presenting to driving concerns that refocus the that refocus driving concerns as one of sustainability challenge environmental, of collaborative, of renewable energy. In fact, logistics, logistics, In fact, energy. of renewable systems, assemblies, material become education and inhabitation becomes clear that the challenges and that the challenges clear becomes of the Solar Decathlon possibilities engaged in questions solely not are Beyond Renewable Energy Renewable Beyond as contests, the past In assessing it product, and pedagogy, process, really work as they are constructed constructed are as they work really and occupied. students to apply architectural architectural apply to students hands-on practical, theory through buildings how discovering experience, with increasingly recognized recognized with increasingly The competition value. pedagogical opportunity for a rare provides and practice in sustainable building in sustainable and practice spotlight, it has design in the national part of UT- an important become curriculum, sustainability Austin’s and then in 2005 and 2007. Not only 2007. Not only and then in 2005 and students enabled has the competition research help advance to and faculty completed in the Solar Decathlon in the Solar Decathlon completed in 2002 times, first three competition The University of Texas at

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 87 Austin Solar Decathlon Houses 2005 competition to place added place to 2005 competition and emphasis in meeting the livability American needs of the typical space meet the size limits while To family. 1-bedroom/1- the modest providing bath house with a spacious feel, 2005 Solar of Texas The University the house. By only having four large large having four the house. By only the on site together put to modules minimize to design was developed a kit of parts labor over on site scheme. The eight and one half foot the width was sized for wide module provide to of a normal truck trailer and the ease of transportation for travel elimination of special wide load permits. 2005 Solar of Texas The University in size House was limited Decathlon which, of the competition, by rules “foot-print” that the roof required feet. than 800 square be less must both for With a dual use prescription the solar and inhabitation exhibition for the house design was modified the SNAP house. The house features the SNAP house. The house features that modules pre-fabricated four to in order be snapped together can appear more a house that would form and spacious than typical flexible an invented homes. The team trailer of rails system foundation innovative each eight that allowed and rollers be to wide module and one half foot and off a truck using a crane lowered were The modules the rails. set onto and snapped place into then rolled form to with other modules together thermal comfort, visual comfort, and visual comfort, thermal comfort, house still The solar air movement. and remains open house tours hosts the design for center learning a viable of solar powered and operation houses in Austin. House 2005 UT Solar Decathlon The 2005 UT Solar Decathlon a 7.8 kW PV power combined team of ease with a design for array called and assembly transportation Fig. 02. 2005 UT Solar Decathlon House on the National Mall in Washington D.C. House on the National Mall in Washington Fig. 02. 2005 UT Solar Decathlon performance such as photovoltaic such as photovoltaic performance daylighting, cooling, battery ice power, to become familiar with the Solar with familiar become to House and gain hands-on Decathlon measuring aspects of its experience Tool day was held at the Texas Solar day was held at the Texas Tool house at the CMPBS. Decathlon participants Day allowed This Tool Decathlon house serves as learning as learning house serves Decathlon for quarters and guest office center, Signs the CMPBS. In 2003 a Vital at Austin Solar Decathlon House was Solar Decathlon at Austin and re-constructed Austin to returned of the CMPBS, a non-profit at the site The Solar design Center. sustainable After the 2002 Solar Decathlon the 2002 Solar Decathlon After of Texas Competition the University size, although more affordable, was affordable, size, although more than half the size of the University less winning entry. of Colorado’s found significant infiltration problems problems infiltration significant found with the many joints in the kit of parts and the 3.6 kW PV system assemblage eighth overall in the competition in the competition eighth overall Post finalists. eighteen against on the house analysis occupancy interior thermal balance comfort comfort balance thermal interior and during the competition conditions in the design place third won the team and finished contest and livability The 2002 UT/CMPBS solar decathlon it maintained well house performed included resource efficiency and the included resource reused, recycled, use of recyclable, underutilized materials. and local solar power and energy efficiency and energy solar power the full spectrum of by embracing design. That strategy sustainable 45-50% RH during the competition. the competition. 45-50% RH during Solar of Texas The 202 University think beyond chose to team Decathlon of requirements the competition tuned to keep the interior at the the interior keep tuned to balance energy competition required 72˚-76˚F and zone of between comfort hydronic ductless HVAC system that system HVAC ductless hydronic and battery ice is equipped with an The University of Texas at

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 88 Austin Solar Decathlon Houses impacts a community. Stephanie and Stephanie impacts a community. were her husband, Adam Freeborg, residents. first the solar SNAP unit’s Stephanie years, few During the last energy daily the duplex’s has recorded and tinkered consumption and water systems production with the energy to an existing house in a duplex house in a duplex an existing to excess that allows configuration share the SNAP house to from power house. The roof with an existing power SNAP house is of the 670-square-foot panels, with 46 photovoltaic covered that is used system a 7.8-kilowatt solar house and the fuel both the to as the Harden known bungalow, front that house in honor of the family team One student there. lived once Perrone- member was Stephanie in the student a graduate Freeborg, She and UT School of Architecture. a group organized other students two architecture fellow encourage to a month once volunteer to students affordable-housing with nonprofit designers connect to organizations housing how show to and builders construction. the University the competition After the 2005 solar house to transferred the Blackland Community Design in the Blackland neighborhood. Center The Blackland neighborhood is a tri-ethnic neighborhood in East the main campus to adjacent Austin at Austin. of Texas of the University that The Blackland CDC, a group low-income housing to provides the SNAP house attached families, performed well during the competition during the competition well performed balance interior and maintained using the solar conditions comfort of continuous weeks despite systems a special citation won The team rain. of Home the National Association from and the BP solar award won Builders, competition in overall finished sixth Post finalists. twenty against that there revealed analysis occupancy infiltration unsatisfactory still were labor requirements and onsite with the modular snap associated Fig. 03. 2007 UT Solar Decathlon House on the National Mall in Washington D.C. House on the National Mall in Washington Fig. 03. 2007 UT Solar Decathlon House The 2005 UT Solar Decathlon daylighting enhance the sense of daylighting enhance in the “not and flow spaciousness so big” house. space and space of a cathedral 3) The combination amounts of and generous ceiling patio deck space along the entire the entire along patio deck space the expand to south elevation the outdoor deck to space interior dining and living room in an open dining and living room plan configuration a to connects 2) The main room room; the bedroom has a foldaway has a foldaway the bedroom room; an office/ function as bed so it can the day; and a central during study the kitchen, contains main room 1) The spaces are multi-use, so multi-use, are 1) The spaces laundry is also the the bathroom house emphasized the use of green house emphasized the use of green building materials. technology that allows the building that allows technology on the National Mall be controlled to Again in 2005 the Texas. Austin, from and 50% relative humidity. To control control To humidity. and 50% relative developed the team the components smart building controlled a computer together to assure a narrow interior interior a narrow assure to together 72˚F and 76˚F zone between comfort 45 of between and a humidity range separate refrigeration whole-home whole-home refrigeration separate direct- and a horizontal dehumidifier, DHW/Air Coil heat water chilled drive work components The four exchanger. combines a variable-speed inverter inverter a variable-speed combines mini-split heat pump compressor a ventilator, recovery with an energy that achieves a ratio of one ton of air of one ton a ratio that achieves of feet per 933 square conditioning system The HVAC space. conditioned “heat pipe” solar water collectors, a collectors, “heat pipe” solar water system, HVAC high-efficient ductless design conserving and an energy The Energy saving features of the saving features The Energy house include a 7.8 kW photovoltaic tube evacuated system, solar power Decathlon House utilized three design House utilized three Decathlon techniques, The University of Texas at

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 89 Austin Solar Decathlon Houses This experience allowed students to to students allowed This experience apply to of how the knowledge develop out their ideas and theories and test design. This kind of on sustainable of in the realm is rooted knowledge and And these kinds of values values. through acquired are consequences through interactive videoconferences videoconferences interactive through and the classrooms between of the The installation observatory. link one more forges BLOOMhouse McDonald in the chain connecting the stars. to Observatory Implications Pedagogical is designed Although the competition of the performance enhance to including building systems sustainable photovoltaic building integrated significant perhaps the most systems, the competition are benefit of the The implications. pedagogical to the students requires competition practice, theory to link architectural of the solar the hands on experience students architecture gave decathlon in action and grounding proper and argues experience immediate knowledge of experiential in favor learning. other structure to help balance things things help balance to other structure so the house captured out because This is the best power. much excess that the solution, because immediate remote utility grid in this electrical yet uploading isn’t set up for region much too way and the house produces in the batteries. store to electricity the house is on about Information Frank display at the Observatory’s visitors as Center, N. Bash Visitors the Sun” Star, the “Our both tour live the Sun view and safely exhibit N. Bash in the Frank a theater from from And in the “Live, Center. Visitors program, McDonald Observatory” about the Sun learn Texas kids across reconstructed the house on the Mount the house reconstructed of the decommissioned site Locke It is Telescope. Wave Millimeter observatory for being used now scientific and for housing, staff the home’s improve to experiments of the Because efficiency. energy the from created surplus energy no 7.9 kW solar panels, which cover of this 550 than the roof space more house, it was decided foot square hook the neighboring house up to as one as well the BLOOMhouse to 12,000 miles a year on their vehicles. on their vehicles. a year 12,000 miles House The 2007 Solar Decathlon during well extremely performed climatic maintaining the competition and wining conditions comfort balance in engineering overall place second design and winning the BP Solar award. in 2008 the the competition, After to traveled team BLOOMhouse west in far McDonald Observatory and in the Davis Mountains Texas house integrate strategically placed placed strategically house integrate ventilation, cross shading devices, Star Energy daylighting, advanced and fiber-optic and LED appliances, in collaboration lighting prototypes, tube with the use of an evacuated with heating system solar hot water and a floor heating system a hydronic (PV) photovoltaic mounted 7.9 kW roof energy The excess system. powered charge is used to the PV system from meet the needs to vehicle an electric put as many as than of commuters metal-faced R-30 Structural Insulated Insulated R-30 Structural metal-faced envelope, as a single (SIPs) Panels to reduced load was the infiltration half of an air change than one less Recovery per hour and an Energy into (ERV) was incorporated Ventilator amounts adequate insure the house to air. of fresh of the saving features The Energy quite affordable to construct. Because Because construct. to affordable quite the house is made using lightweight, reduced in this design scheme to the in this design scheme to reduced and of the solar collectors installation decking, making the house landscape wide load transport and unloaded on and unloaded transport wide load of the National Mall using a system labor was jacks. On site hydraulic entirely prefabricated in only two two in only prefabricated entirely and then shipped by months in Austin, D.C. as a single Washington truck to wide x 50 -foot long open plan interior open plan interior long wide x 50 -foot modular trialer with moment frames, by shipping that was determined dimensions. The house was first, climate and culture. The streamlined The streamlined and culture. climate design, envelope trailer singlewide is a 14 the “BLOOMhouse,” called collaboration the team developed a 7.9 developed the team collaboration with a skin based design kW PV array orientation, to that responds strategy to Marketing to Interiors, and with Interiors, to Marketing to an Advisory Council of business In professionals. and industry of Architecture included a diverse a diverse included of Architecture Leads” from of “Faculty partnership Engineering disciplines from different 2007 solar decathlon team adopted adopted team 2007 solar decathlon approach. an interdisciplinary team The 2007 Solar Decathlon of the School under the direction a flexible layout and was affordable. affordable. and was layout a flexible for this requirement to respond To appeal the market a broad-based be brought to market. The jurors The jurors market. to be brought whether the house assess had to had livable, appeal, was had market involved in the competition new new the competition in involved assess to jurors allowed requirements the house could and easily well how The rules for the 2007 Solar Decathlon 2007 Solar Decathlon the for The rules Viability” added a “Market competition to In addition contest. the to contest other contests and the normal rules 2007 UT Solar Decathlon House 2007 UT Solar Decathlon to make the house as efficient as the house make to possible. The University of Texas at

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 90 Austin Solar Decathlon Houses understanding take place. place. take understanding learning. It is this area that the solar It is this area learning. is especially experience decathlon in which disciplinary as a forum potent interdisciplinary and knowledge This level of understanding involves involves of understanding This level both disciplinary and interdisciplinary and to understand and describe the understand and to actually of ways occupants variety a building. experience and calculations, gives students an students gives and calculations, whether the assess opportunity to has been achieved design intent stated material observed in the field, along in the field, along observed material by derived values to with comparisons simulation computer model studies, gained by designing and then building gained by designing and then building lessons discover the design, students of different and failure on the success of the Analysis design approaches. buildings really work as they are are as they work buildings really Through occupied. and constructed simulation, and data observation, The “hands-on” process fosters a fosters The “hands-on” process that encourages approach pedagogical how discover to and students faculty of making and thinking at the same of making and thinking time.” and interrelationship between the between and interrelationship making, and of conceiving, processes Samuel architect using buildings. In the importance “it’s words, Mockbee’s evaluate the performance of design the performance evaluate learning decisions. Hands-on the continuity re-establish seeks to the actual building experience. In experience. the actual building to able are this way the students Science and Sustainability in Practice:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 91 The EVS Program at UT Austin environmental considerations are all are considerations environmental examine bear as students to brought and its environment the Earth how perspectives, Using multiple work. and about natural learn students and of local man-made causes change while environmental global for sustainability research. After After research. sustainability for and training additional coursework and life, physical, in the underlying in (including a course social sciences policy, and sustainable environmental in a subsequent ethics, and history bring can EVS students semester) a through practice into sustainability project. senior research the Big Picture: Appreciating a Planet Sustaining begin studying EVS students a with Sustaining sustainability semester Planet during their first a Sustaining at the University. with EVS students Planet provides of and engaging overview a broad actually science what environmental and social equity, means. Economic, tools and techniques necessary necessary and techniques tools centrally by the Environmental by the Environmental centrally The interdisciplinary, Institute. Science in the reflected scientific curriculum the perspective develops EVS Program and promote, appreciate, to and tools practices. sustainable develop gain an understanding EVS students theory in their of sustainability an understanding semester, first with that is then complemented of the local a deeper appreciation in the and training landscape In October 2010, the Texas Higher the Texas 2010, In October officially Board Coordinating Education of Science Bachelor three approved Science in Environmental degrees of Texas by The University proposed These degrees—collectively at Austin. Program”—are as the “EVS to referred by the College collaboratively offered the College Sciences, of Natural Arts, and the Jackson of Liberal and operated School of Geosciences, Introduction Deborah Salzberg Salzberg Deborah Coordinator Education [email protected] Jay Banner, PhD Jay Banner, Director [email protected] at UT Austin Institute Science The Environmental Science and Sustainability and Sustainability Science The EVS Program in Practice: Science and Sustainability in Practice:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 92 The EVS Program at UT Austin - EVS students measure riparian vegetation transects along along transects riparian vegetation measure EVS students inves to in an exercise campus on the UT-Austin Creek Waller and invasive the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity tigate the for laboratory as a natural serves Creek species. Waller Methods courses. Field Seminar and Research Dan LeVine, and Jennifer Loeffler). Dan LeVine, and Jennifer landscape • A sustainable beginning with a pilot makeover, the Harry Ransom surrounding area landscaping current where Center, plant species by native is replaced and Timothy Star by Hank (submitted Eischen). Sustainable for • Incentives on Campus in Transportation and racks bike of (a) new the form those who register for incentives and (b) air with UT, their bikes gauges in and tire compressors and each group then identified a then identified and each group on the problem sustainability-related a and drafted of UT-Austin campus an initiative create to proposal formal Students the problem. addressing encouraged then strongly were the to submit their proposals to is working The committee committee. finalize to groups with the following fee their green enacting plans for ideas: proposal by Creek Waller to • Improvements plant species and invasive removing grasses them with native replacing and storm pollutants or trap slow to by Nathan Hoppe, runoff (submitted Center. Moving beyond the Forty the Forty beyond Moving Center. also explore EVS students Acres, in the greater practices sustainable at Boggy Creek community Austin Development, and the Mueller Farms built on the development a sustainable city airport. of the former grounds also were students EVS This year, funding the grant to introduced Green the UT-Austin through process proposals. for call Committee’s Fee groups, small formed EVS students the environmental challenges of challenges the environmental in the Early campus. the UT-Austin the investigate students semester, outside their door by just landscape its studying Creek, Waller exploring urbanization impacts quality, water Students build and biodiversity. of with a tour on this experience on campus, initiatives sustainability the service, food including Jester’s plant, and the latest power campus such building achievements, green Student Activities as those in the new processes. Students quickly realize realize Students quickly processes. that the Field Seminar will be unlike before taken they’ve any course the syllabus, when, upon examining local outing to that every learn they be made by bicycle will field sites carbon the course’s keep to or foot as they at a minimum, even footprint footprints the environmental study The Field Seminar makes of others. landscape use of the local extensive with several laboratory, as a natural explore in which students weeks Learning the Landscape: Field Learning the Landscape: Science Seminar in Environmental and Sustainability of semester in the second Taken the Field Seminar the EVS program, EVS students and motivates inspires introducing experiences, field through approaches research interdisciplinary and environmental sustainability into the built environment, and how their and how the built environment, these systems. fit into lives —of how the natural world works, how how works, world the natural —of how with and are interact systems natural and systems modified by engineered the end of the term, students leave leave students the end of the term, a Planet with a multi- Sustaining of sustainability understanding faceted farm visits to working with campus with campus working visits to farm ways to study to staff operations such as housing and operations make At sustainable. more services food environmental action, which can action, which can environmental self-guided from include everything organic local to exercises field non-academic world. As part of a world. non-academic students requirement, final portfolio of engage in a form to required are Students in Sustaining a Planet also Students in Sustaining theory the sustainability how learn the into translates of the classroom the effects of that interrelation on of that interrelation the effects and nations. individuals, communities, biodiversity. Students also discuss Students also discuss biodiversity. and of science nature the interrelated social policy (including technology, and the media) and economics, simultaneously exploring the human exploring simultaneously dimensions of its impacts on water and waste energy, food, resources, Boggy Creek Farms, located just a few miles from campus, campus, from miles a few just located Farms, Boggy Creek a living and offers students, EVS for destination is a frequent of sustainability. example Science and Sustainability in Practice:

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 93 The EVS Program at UT Austin Environmental Scientists and Scientists Environmental Occupational Outlook Handbook, Handbook, Outlook Occupational aquatic ecosystems, and to develop develop and to aquatic ecosystems, ecosystems.” restoring for strategies with Students will begin graduating 2011. in December EVS degrees of their collaborative And as a result and hands-on experience, training, these perspective, interdisciplinary be well- EVS students and future need. meet that growing to suited References of Labor Bureau 1. Department of Labor, Statistics, 2010-11 Edition, at http://www.bls.gov/oco/ Available Specialists. 15, 2011). August (Accessed ocos311.htm EVS students join Larry Maginnis, Urban Forrester, on their join Larry Maginnis, Urban Forrester, EVS students to students introduces This tour campus. of the UT-Austin tour back yard. in their own sustainability of exploring the prospects the impact interpret to environment, and of human actions on terrestrial

1 World: Opportunities in Sustainability World: the U.S. Department of to According of Labor Statistics Bureau Labor’s Projections, Growth Employment environmental for employment much grow to is expected scientists all for than the average faster to expected and are occupations, 2008-2018. by 28% from increase that “[m]uch job note The Projections a continued from will result growth the quality of the monitor need to This year, the first EVS students EVS the first This year, their senior will be completing of projects The variety research. science far how just demonstrates answers sustainable for reach must challenges. environmental today’s to process sediment transport From change with Dr. climate to responses Kim of the Jackson School of Wonsuk of Jim McClelland Dr. to Geosciences, Institute. the UT Marine Science Saving the Making a Living While in the program is brought to bear to is brought in the program year in the when, in their final and design, execute, they program, of their the results communicate research science environmental own by mentored are EVS students project. member of their choosing the faculty this research. complete as they the senior seminar, Then, in a later in additional training receive students (using their research communication results). successful problem-solving teams in teams problem-solving successful the future. Senior the Problems: Solving Immersion Research research and The hands-on field EVS students gained by experience years three their first throughout presentation—teaches EVS students EVS students presentation—teaches lead will need to they the tools course—from problem identification, identification, problem course—from and interpretation, collection todata findings and research final to and presentation are addressed in a addressed are and presentation but the collaborative lecture, weekly portion of the aspect of the laboratory findings, helping them share and findings, helping them share General work. build upon each other’s design, analysis development, project responsible for a particular aspect of a particular aspect of for responsible weeks two and every the research, in biweekly participate the students of their discussions round-table through readings of primary literature of primary literature readings through a select discussion, and group is Each student topic. research urban watersheds, including the urban watersheds, Students watershed. Creek Waller and, researchers of teams form process through student-designed student-designed through process complex addressing projects research with associated issues sustainability and collaboration skills essential skills essential and collaboration challenges. those addressing to to introduced are EVS students of the scientific the fundamentals the spring of the second year of year the spring of the second begin students the program—EVS research the interdisciplinary learning Challenges to sustainability require require sustainability to Challenges perspective. an interdisciplinary in Methods—taken In Research Acquiring the Skills: Research Acquiring the Skills: Research Scientists Environmental Methods for Green Fee ideas as the foundation of as the foundation ideas Fee Green their senior research. experience with their Green Fee Fee Green with their experience projects and the resulting Proposals at UT-Austin, their time throughout use their many to expect and we Andrew Lee, Sloan Richey, and Anna and Richey, Lee, Sloan Andrew Schneider). will build on their EVS students every UT garage and discounts for for and discounts UT garage every by (submitted those who use them Public Interest Design: Summer Course Series

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 94 4 There is an opportunity to change this is an opportunity to There has design movement The green now. The public has realized opened a door. design and the link between a critical design and between environment, of our planet. The and the future play a role that design can realization healthy, prosperous, and equitable and equitable prosperous, healthy, work, live, can people where places and socialize. have architects States, In the United responsibility an exclusive been given through practice and right to have architects In return, licensure. the create to the responsibility in a way that improves world physical progress and makes conditions public benefit, the greater towards as public just serving the general the do. However, other professionals on a focused has largely profession small part of the population and a very and it is currently set of issues, limited and large the powerful, the wealthy, in design involved that are institutions decisions. 3 - 2 Expanding Architecture Bryan Bell, to sustainable communities that are are that communities sustainable to fundamental factors of the triple of the triple factors fundamental (economy, line of sustainability bottom being the other and environment and ignored is frequently two), by the decision understood poorly in the and stakeholders makers age of In today’s design process. resources, natural depleting rapidly and disasters, natural famines, no longer can we tension, political us to for that in order the fact ignore as prosper to and continue advance transition must we a human race, sign can play a direct role in addressing in addressing role a direct play sign can The process weface. social issues critical allow can the built environment creating of and improve and individuals to communities their their lives. help solve It can celebrate their existence.” reshaping by struggles — often too In the design profession, go the needs of the underserved one of the three Equity, unnoticed. 1 benefit to “Good design has the potential does. De than it currently people more

[email protected] Lauren Bennett Bennett Lauren Student Graduate Community and Regional Planning Conner Bryan Student Graduate Architecture [email protected] 06.02.11–07.07.11 at Austin of Texas University Public Interest Design: Public Interest Series Summer Course Public Interest Design: Summer Course Series

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 95 Each week a leading practitioner in practitioner a leading Each week as a visiting public design served participating in actively instructor, student enhance to the program Visiting understanding. and knowledge in the leaders renowned were faculty gained an understanding of how to to of how gained an understanding public and integrate analyze, evaluate, Topics design theory and practice. of assessment included: critical design/build projects, service-learning systems of public architecture, survey design thinking, bio- to approaches management, design, project regional and measuring results. practicum The service-oriented the to simultaneously was taught seminar during the summer research of the practicum The focus session. built explore to students was allowing a design/build project. through forms a series of discussions Students led members community various between small-scale constructing while projects improvement community included: engaging Topics in Austin. a design process, the public through of the public on the value educating and detailing, design, construction, materiality. Curriculum was comprised series The PID course seminar a research courses: of two practicum, and a service-oriented five over held in tandem which were The of the summer session. weeks taught and coordinated were courses Brown and Barbara Bell by Bryan of an array Wilson, and also included across from lecturers special guest of the University from the country, the local and from faculty, Texas community. over was taught The seminar course students during which weeks, five and the environment, and between and between and the environment, design and social and economic both an individual and being, on well This emphasis scale. community-wide needed us with the tools provided equity as a necessary integrate to our into of sustainability component in overlooked often too which is work and also provided design coursework, in the experience us with practical leading to connections field and with design in public interest practitioners the nation. across and boundaries of public design, and and boundaries of public design, and dialogue larger the to contribute to by as evidenced in progress already the Cooper-Hewitt’s like exhibitions the Other 90% and the Design for Big Change: New Small Scale, of Social Engagement Architectures at MOMA. exhibit series The summer course of emphasized the public nature that there and asserted architecture design links between critical are like public health is to medicine, this public health is to like the to contribute aimed to program of the civic understanding emerging It aims of design professions. role national larger the to contribute to public design about how discussion the into interwoven might be better in operating curriculum, architecture emerging with other similar dialogue of Texas The University programs. School of Architecture at Austin innovative as a hub for serve hopes to ethics, thinking about the nature, forming an interdisciplinary group group an interdisciplinary forming in architecture, with backgrounds planning, architecture, landscape political geography, urban studies, economics, policy studies, science, design. and sustainable us the offered The PID program what it investigate opportunity to Much be a public servant. means to Charleston, Iowa State University, and University, State Iowa Charleston, at Lincoln, of Nebraska the University of Design, Georgia Tech University, the University, Tech of Design, Georgia at Milwaukee, of Wisconsin University of the College University, Syracuse from the University of Texas at Austin at Austin of Texas the University from schools from joined by students were School Graduate including the Harvard Our cohort was comprised of various of various was comprised Our cohort study. of and fields backgrounds students and undergraduate Graduate work by seeking innovative design innovative by seeking work impact larger solutions that positively social problems. leverage the practical and ethical and ethical the practical leverage as a of public service complications our the quality of heighten means to create beautiful, sustainable, and beautiful, sustainable, create During spaces. community-enhancing skills to developed we the program, service with leading practitioners in practitioners with leading service equipped public design. The program needed to with the tools students 2011 in Austin, TX, which connected TX, which connected 2011 in Austin, in interested students advanced and public the built environment School of Architecture, in collaboration collaboration in School of Architecture, the first with Design Corps, offered Design Public Interest week five series in the summer of (PID) course Program Brief Program at Austin of Texas The University the built environment more socially socially more the built environment just. and ecologically effective products, and shape these products, effective tools and transferable accessible into make use to public to the general for as well. It is time for the green design design the green It is time for as well. full potential: its realize to movement leading ideas of the the best take to the most and from practitioners go further: to show how design of design how show go further: to address can the built environment issues social and economic important in addressing critical environmental environmental critical in addressing to an opportunity crates issues Public Interest Design: Summer Course Series

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 96 alleys, but more importantly, to show show to importantly, but more alleys, of students the public that our group and in the project invested was truly done get the work and willing to ready change in positive make effectively to the neighborhood. designs, we had the opportunity to had the opportunity to designs, we in a conversation engage residents of the design. For about the intent our presented when we example, marking idea, the residents pavement what they not only asked were design, thought of the actual graphic could graphics but also about how measure as a traffic-calming work their for element and place-making neighborhood. design the first presenting After then held a “neck we iterations, workday, or a volunteer event, down” in alleyways two cleaned we where the Guadalupe neighborhood. One was spent clearing afternoon Saturday brush and debris, cutting back plants, in the the alleyways and sweeping the alley neighborhood. The hope for as a serve was that it would cleanup a catalyst and initial gesture positive engagement with the community. for the clean not only The purpose was to sense of community among multiple multiple among sense of community initial series of the After stakeholders. teams formed meetings, we resident that design solutions and proposed concerns community on the focused then Those ideas were had heard. we within the studio internally presented based on the with a discussion along this round After merits of each idea. ideas best the of design proposals, further discussion for selected were We then presented and refinement. for residents to concepts refined meetings on-site through feedback full-scale pictures, with sketches, Beyond mock-ups, and renderings. our for approval requesting merely were encouraged to call if they were were if they call to encouraged were this solicitation, Through interested. learn to residents met with various we what and discuss story their personal had in mind. they ideas and projects the from emerged projects The alley that and issues concerns common about the alleys shared residents of behind their homes. Because drawn of us were this, a small group bring way to as a the projects to a around together the community the and strengthen cause common the Austin Community Design and the Austin and the (ACDDC), Center Development had developed (AFI) Flat Initiative Alley time with the Guadalupe over Neighborhood. This relationship in the project step first was a critical build upon the to able were as we previously of trust foundation strong the AFI projects. through established student free advertising Brochures distributed were design services and residents the area throughout forth in our work. This exercise not This exercise in our work. forth within look to space us the gave only with also build trust but to ourselves, sharing our own one another through emotional charged, This highly stories. the for set the tone experience of the studio. remainder Process the The Studio began by leveraging that the relationship established Development, Sustainable for Center create positive change in their own own change in their positive create and communities. environments our share to also invited were We beliefs with and core assets personal I believe, in a “This classmates fellow this Through do” format. This I can were we experience, sharing personal and within ourselves looked to asked our deepest with the group share put we values held beliefs and the David Perkes: Methods David Perkes: Bell: Materials Victoria-Ballard Design Matters John Peterson: Moore: Steven Zimbabwe: Jess 3 4 5 public that they are designers in designers are public that they can too and that they right their own give constructive feedback. This feedback. constructive give empowers process collaborative the design; it shows through others ongoing dialogue and participation ongoing dialogue allowing members, with community and concerns voice them to community engagement efforst. We We engagement efforst. community truly create to that in order learned influential, and meaningful important, be an must that there projects to design and planning does not to but rarely results, the best produce our own lead to the chance given are an active participant in the design an active often In school, we itself. process approach down hear that a top design focuses on the positive assets, assets, on the positive design focuses of communities skills, and capacities become them to allow to in order in an asset-based design approach. design approach. in an asset-based on communities’ Rather than focusing asset-based needs and problems, Asset-Based Design Asset-Based was engaged The summer program Civic Environmentalism Week the City of Design at the Scale Week 1 Week 2 Week Week Week Visiting lecturers included: Visiting lecturers outside energy focused on a specific focused outside energy design. aspect of public interest of integrating public interest public interest of integrating The series of practice. design into served lecturers guest distinguished infusion of catalyst—an as a weekly understanding of not only the theory only of not understanding design, but of public and application and opportunities also the challenges field of public interest design and design field of public interest with an enhanced students provided Public Interest Design: Summer Course Series

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 97 The SHED (+) project was created was created The SHED (+) project of a number to in response needs community interrelated and opportunities. Conversations local with individual homeowners, and low-income managers, property that revealed housing corporations able to facilitate organic neighborhood organic facilitate to able Eventually in Austin. sales produce farm more create 5MF hopes to each to proximity each in close stands, which will aide in the city, 5MF plot from emissions in minimizing carbon access and improve transport food the city of for produce hyper-local to will stand farm The mobile Austin. landmark for a local as serve not only community where the 5MF network learn, teach, gather to can members eat, shop, and build relationships, awareness a raised but also provide maps and through of the community discussion and prompt diagrams encouraging sources, food about local become to visitors and empowering movement. food local part of Austin’s 5MF about the information more For stand out their farm check network, at http://www. and visit their website resolutiongardens.org/farm/. 3. SHED (+) project amongst community members and members community amongst improvement alley future ideas for projects. project Farms Mile 2. Five and affordable local to Access is a produce grown organically neighborhoods many for challenge (5MF) Farms Mile Five in Austin. that urban farm is a decentralized space underutilized yard transforms productive into Austin throughout nourishment that provides farmland With a and builds community. with 5MF process collaborative the students Randy Jewart, founder which is stand, farm a mobile created and the possibilities discovered discovered and the possibilities prepared the team research, through that the neighborhood a Toolkit and the City designers, stakeholders, ideas for may reference of Austin projects alley future in developing resources and identifying potential also The Toolkit such projects. for them with the resources connects As all such projects. needed for unique and present are alleyways is a good the Toolkit issues, different discussion generate point to starting utilizing alley space for growing growing for space utilizing alley and planting fruit herbs, vegetables, healthy, to access increase can trees grocery and decrease foods fresh also can Residential alleys expenses. for places as great be considered traverse to and cyclists pedestrians way. safe in a comfortable, an area choose these modes people The more pollution from the less of travel, in the air. automobiles implemented Building on the projects example, rain gardens and bioswales and bioswales gardens rain example, be used to can alleyways along into stormwater filtered redirect the and away from table the water Also, permeable stream. city waste be applied to can materials pavement stormwater further reduce to alleys planting particular Additionally, runoff. carbon help sequester plants can alley Increasing the atmosphere. from also aid in reducing can vegetation Alleys the urban heat island effect. production; food also be used for can resident walking and biking, as well as well walking and biking, resident the alley give way to as being a unique character. further identity and for space providing In addition to collection, mobility and waste alleyways and commercial residential provide to potential great have green through services ecosystem For implementation. infrastructure alley were created to act as traffic act as traffic to created were alley safer for allow to measures calming emergency vehicles will benefit from will benefit from vehicles emergency Also, super- markers. the address the markings for pavement graphic alley, as well as creating a sense of as creating as well alley, Additionally, identity and ownership. as in the alley, safety it will increase the stated concerns. A proposed alley alley A proposed concerns. the stated / garbage unit will aid in address the for spatial organization creating Through close involvement with alley with alley involvement close Through a staff, and City of Austin residents address to design has been developed issues as well as the alley being as the alley as well issues the through stroll to place a great neighborhood and/or walk dogs. neighborhood identity and continuity. neighborhood identity and continuity. included discovered Assets tackle to ready neighbors enthusiastic in the neighborhood included traffic in the neighborhood included traffic speeding, parking by downtown a lack of on weekends, visitors neighborhood identified issues, neighborhood identified issues, associated and assets challenges Common issues with the alleyways. 1. Greening Alleys Project Project Alleys 1. Greening a series of interviews, Through of the Guadalupe residents There were a total of four design-build of four a total were There during completed that were projects program. the five-week Projects and to provide designs that could designs that could provide and to various utilized by be modified and community. of the larger members successful completion. The projects The projects completion. successful but their and scope, in size varied a have the same—to goals were on the neighborhood impact positive stakeholders were invited out to the out to invited were stakeholders view to Guadalupe neighborhood their celebrate and projects the four At the culmination of the five-week of the five-week At the culmination All Blitz. an Alley hosted we course, Public Interest Design: Summer Course Series

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 98 and design firms. Sharing this will the world throughout knowledge and membership the scale increase and in turn aid of the PID movement sustainable of more in the cultivation communities. relationships with their surrounding with their surrounding relationships of the The importance communities. played of Texas the University role cannot during the summer program the studio UT provided be understated. with the public from with credibility which set the outset of the projects, engage successfully to us for stage the community. with the surrounding also partnership The University us with a setting in which provided be pushed. boundaries could creative provide to UT was able Additionally, of the in terms of resources a wealth that were and practitioners professors guide our studio to together brought of a diverse assemblage as the as well attracted that were of students group of the because the program to the University that precedes reputation As the School of Architecture. of Texas now we of students, group inaugural a specialized skill set in Public have back will take Design that we Interest communities our home universities, to result. The success of the projects of the projects The success result. by recognized has been positively formed The newly the City of Austin. formed in of Sustainability, Office in of 2010, is interested September for as catalysts using the projects as Finally, in Austin. projects future away with one walked we students, and satisfying intense of the most of our academic experiences learning daily challenged were We careers. insights into with new and rewarded as our civic role and enthusiasm for designers. a vested have Public universities strong in building interest Conclusion of the five-week At the conclusion each toured the class program, upon the reflect to of the projects described Each team work. completed through went that they the process faced. that were and the challenges complete were projects The four involved the stakeholders successes; satisfied with were with each project and the end work hard the students’ the heritage fence, a sitting area was a sitting area fence, the heritage with the which, in combination created the and celebrates embraces fence, while of its surrounding rich history and residents new also welcoming and interact to neighbors encouraging has also This project together. enjoy with relationship an expanded created strategies developing in city interest and creating alleyways greening for public meaningful gathering spaces: and embrace, that intertwine, places mobilize social interconnectivity. where neighbors could gather and could neighbors where also honor the historical that would that of their neighborhood. To legacy worked students of five end, a team a and created with the homeowners behind and sitting area modular fence the for their home. The materials of found a patchwork were project nearby neighborhood from items All of the materials sites. construction because picked consciously were and the history represented they of the neighborhood. Behind culture Austin’s 1997 Smart Growth Initiative. Initiative. 1997 Smart Growth Austin’s and character community Restoring spaces and private public improving is imperative within the neighborhood of this historic the preservation to neighborhood. interested were The homeowners to backyards in opening up their space a warm and welcoming create reality for generational homeowners homeowners generational for reality in the Guadalupe neighborhood since Americans and Mexican Americans Americans and Mexican Americans I-35 Highway. of today’s east has been an on-going Gentrification generations of Mexican Americans Americans of Mexican generations 1900s when social and the early since many African led pressures economic 4. Heritage Fence Project Fence 4. Heritage The Guadalupe Neighborhood of East multiple has been home to Austin affordable housing which are crucial housing which are affordable a diverse in sustaining components community. social, economic, ecological, and ecological, social, economic, families, increasing to health benefits the functionality and quality of Development Corporation and their and their Corporation Development an how which demonstrates tenants, expanded provide can urban backyard The SHED (+) system is an educational is an educational The SHED (+) system to available immediately tool, the Guadalupe Neighborhood and a small chicken coop, which coop, and a small chicken systems sustainable how demonstrate another. with one may be integrated conventional shed, however; SHED (+) shed, however; conventional customizable of modular, is a system units that include add-ons such beds, clotheslines, as vegetable property upkeep and safe storage storage and safe upkeep property of a shed. SHED provision through of the the limits (+) goes beyond customizable, SHED [+] systems. SHED [+] systems. customizable, the project As the name suggests, opportunities for increased provides belonging and engagement. This belonging be thought of as a “greening” could modular, through of urban backyards incorporated into a resident’s day- a resident’s into incorporated impacting activities, positively to-day and increasing their quality of life stewardship, of ownership, feelings research reveled that many homes reveled research underutilized had large, in the area fully be more that could yards, outdoor storage is a key need for need for key is a outdoor storage Additional residents. many Austin Public Interest Design: Summer Course Series

Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Essays 99 online report on this entire process, please please process, on this entire online report Development’s Sustainable for visit the Center at http://soa.utexas.edu/csd/index/. website For more information on this (and the upcoming upcoming on this (and the information more For on view and to the projects, 2012) program, scope and scale, are representative representative are and scale, scope of public movement of a much larger design. interest Our hope is that this program and program Our hope is that this small in while projects, the resultant Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Maximizing Social Impact: Essays Where Social Innovation Meets Sustainability 100 economic and environmental and environmental economic the benefit of people, for challenges public the planet, and the overall is critical good. Social innovation and future, a sustainable for many individuals (including social work and nonprofits entrepreneurs) the neglect, marginalization, or marginalization, the neglect, of a segment of humanity. suffering bear bring to Social entrepreneurs action, direct inspiration, their own Furthermore, and resilience. creativity, affect and ultimately aim for they stable of a new the establishment lasting equilibrium that secures and group targeted for the benefit Social entrepreneurs society at large. environmentalists, certainly most are and nonprofit planners, community elements combining leaders and innovation business from create to know-how entrepreneurial business the where enterprises on of life is the betterment objective earth. ideas new to refers Social innovation social, cultural, existing that solve - Bill Gates, founder of The Bill and Melinda of founder Bill Gates, but stable equilibrium that causes equilibrium that causes but stable term sustainability in different ways. in different sustainability term that is is another group there Now sustainability term the redefining social between as the intersection and entrepreneurship, innovation sense of responsibility a new where social change encompasses create to to or solution a product innovating maximize impact. of individuals are These groups entrepreneurs—a as social known an unfortunate that targets group short a time.” — Foundation Gates Introduction means sustainability The term people. different things to different entrepreneurs, Environmentalists, and those in planners, community world all define the the nonprofit “Never before in history of has innovation “Never before in so so many so much to of promise fered Graduate Student Graduate and Philanthropy for RGK Center Community Service [email protected] Sustainability Sachin D. Shah Maximizing Social Impact: Maximizing Social Meets Social Innovation Where Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Maximizing Social Impact: Essays Where Social Innovation Meets Sustainability 101 The now five-year old competition old five-year The now launching for has been critical around centered social ventures and providing sustainability environmental global solutions to that plague problems and energy out of Three countries. developing over $100,000 in cash prizes to put to prizes $100,000 in cash over The beauty of action. their plan into is that it encourages this competition such countries, in developing students change at home with create as India to tackle to designed a social innovation (public health, environment, a problem and human rights among education, human reach and help every others) potential. their fullest each has expanded The competition the its beginning through since year that extend programs addition of new of at all stages students support to example, For their idea generation. new two offers now the competition that provide programs paid fellowship and support to mentoring, inspiration, who did not students high-potential One of the stage. the final to advance includes a stipend even fellowships the spend a summer improving to plan. idea and venture student’s to solve. They all have one feature in one feature all have They solve. to Innovation the Dell Social common: in stepping-stone Competition was a their journey. at the Innovation Social Impact and at Austin of Texas University for In 2006, the RGK Center Service and Community Philanthropy launched of Texas at The University Competition, Innovation Dell Social the launch a social to an avenue students for The idea is innovation. up a plan that combines dream to tackle to and innovation creativity and offers social issue, a pressing The process of solving social problems social problems of solving The process of the power by tapping start must and vision. Social human action, voice, with this process ignites innovation of an individual or group ideas from together come individuals who have and skills their talents leverage to change. The long-term create to ideas of innovative examples following have social entrepreneurs how show and scalable, innovative, created that problems solutions to sustainable out of reach far too were seemingly that solve the right problems can be can the right problems that solve and then challenging, enormously who need the people bringing them to the lies so. Herein more them even new problems: social of solving core not are and technologies products in need of innovation; areas the only to begin with and defining the problem intended to product the new delivering areas also important beneficiaries are create to necessary of innovation change. seen best through the eyes of social of social the eyes through seen best identified who have entrepreneurs that their enterprises of features key to their social innovations sustain on society. the maximum impact make Social Innovation change in affect to all striving are We one way or another: change in the way and/or addressed are social problems of the constituents change in the lives technologies Developing serve. we to solve a problem, (2) the solution a problem, solve to and (3) it must be scalable, must These three secure. be financially what is known into forge components nexus as the innovation-sustainability and sustainability innovation where innovation interrelated: intimately are sustainable becoming to is one piece through sustainable become and we is This concept measures. innovative TakaTaka TakaTaka these extraordinary these extraordinary — ) with community initiatives to to initiatives ) with community requirements for social innovations: social innovations: for requirements a maximum impact make (1) it must again. key change includes three Sustainable of sustainability as permanent change of sustainability of that also embodies the flexibility the solution again and innovating scale effects, but also sweeping, long- but also sweeping, effects, scale social where change. It is here term their definition glean entrepreneurs sustain change and maximize impact. change sustain the majority of nonprofit And unlike is targeted their work organizations, small- immediate, towards not only innovation can ignite a grassroots a grassroots ignite can innovation (see movement level Solutions impacts; it sustains the positive the positive impacts; it sustains over impacts of a social innovation social time. Without question, Sustainability is what connects the is what connects Sustainability and social innovation dots between maximizing social and environmental lives. Sustainability is at the forefront is at the forefront Sustainability lives. of their success. people come up with brilliant ideas come people at all the odds succeed and against and services products new creating people’s improve that dramatically reasons that they find business find business that they reasons Jobs so Steve like entrepreneurs compelling Peace Prize laureate (and father of (and father Prize laureate Peace Yunus Muhammad microfinance) many of the same for fascinating Let’s consider two very different different very two consider Let’s different very two from innovators find Nobel People parts of the world. how can it create measurable results results measurable it create can how in the real sustainability enhance to world? The question remains, however, who however, remains, The question innovation, social for is responsible and in practice, like what does it look for social good and sustainability as and sustainability social good for agencies. as some government well Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Maximizing Social Impact: Essays Where Social Innovation Meets Sustainability 102 excellent learning opportunities in learning excellent nonprofit social entrepreneurship, management, and international provide These classes development. about students that teach the tools help that can patterns common their ideas into transform innovators In higher income areas, TakaTaka TakaTaka areas, In higher income clients, from waste Solutions collects at its waste the organic composts recovering while Facility Composting at its Recyclable waste recyclable Facility. Separation Waste TakaTaka areas, income In lower with youth Solutions partners These waste. who collect groups waste sell the organic groups youth waste recyclable and the recovered Solutions. Ultimately, TakaTaka to (1) provides Solutions TakaTaka services collection waste affordable (2) creates areas, all income to and areas, poorer in employment and healthier a cleaner (3) develops that – all features environment of the principles the key illustrate nexus. social innovation-sustainability Philanthropy for The RGK Center and LBJ and Community Service provide School of Public Affairs with a commercially viable business business viable with a commercially from organic by separating approach the and composting waste inorganic sell to to fertilizer into waste organic Solutions TakaTaka farmers. Kenyan (paper, waste the recyclable recovers the from and metal) glass plastic, waste This recyclable waste. inorganic industries recycling is then sold to for waste 15% of residual only leaving final disposal. use to willingness Solutions’ TakaTaka models, one for business adapted two lower and one for areas higher income in the factor is a key areas, income their innovation. sustain to company

the elements of the social innovation. the elements Solutions TakaTaka Solutions, the winner of TakaTaka is a social the 2011 competition, deliver that aims to enterprise services collection waste affordable Kenya, in Nairobi, areas all income to 85 up to and composting recycling and creating waste % of collected brings about team jobs. The new change social and environmental perfect source to power the dream of the dream power to source perfect The innovation electrification. rural is not Systems by Husk Power created but sustainable environmentally only well. As is as sustainable financially the social innovations, true with most a combination from solution emerged knowledge, community of local, and scalability. training, expert the needs of the Understanding electricity (lack of rural community and jobs) and utilizing the unused defines of that community resources to realize how most non-conventional non-conventional most how realize to renewable employing technologies when substance lacked resources a solve them to applying to it came problem. broader several how then learned Gyanesh of Bihar were in the state millers rice technology using the decades-old to power gasification of Biomass Husk. Rice their mills using Rice in Bio-waste Husk – perhaps the only – was the farmers of rural the lives distributed and sustainable generation generation and sustainable distributed needed. was sorely of electricity the find trying to spent years The team fit the economic that right technology researching space, the rural model for from ranging technologies energy Solar Polymer driven nanotechnology much Biodiesel, and pretty Cells to them This led in between. everything is immense. A solution that used for technology non-conventional technologies and power grids have grids have and power technologies and the pervasive deliver to failed in the country starvation energy at home. Rural electrification was electrification at home. Rural than of a necessity more considered an option in villages. The conventional The duo sincerely felt the need for for the need felt The duo sincerely in India in general development rural and saw immense opportunities right Semiconductor industry. Ratnesh industry. Semiconductor had just of Patna, a native Yadav, to Delhi back home from moved dreams. his entrepreneurial pursue boarding schools to premier English premier schools to boarding and York and New schools in Varanasi Management in the Power worked a native of the village of Baithania in a native had of Bihar, Indian state the eastern via journey life made an interesting professional training and experiences and experiences training professional scalable an innovative, create to Gyanesh, problem. a vexing solution to Yadav, the founders of Husk Power of Husk Power the founders Yadav, local own on their both drew Systems, in India and advanced experiences cost-effectively converts rice husks rice converts cost-effectively electricity. into and Ratnesh Pandev Gyanesh environmentally friendly and profitable and profitable friendly environmentally has Systems Husk Power manner. that technology proprietary created of the 2007 competition, provides provides of the 2007 competition, Indians in millions of rural to power scalable, sustainable, a financially Husk Power Systems Husk Power the winner Systems, Husk Power TakaTaka Solutions in Kenya are two two are Solutions in Kenya TakaTaka of successful examples excellent in action. social innovation on environmental or agricultural or agricultural on environmental countries. in developing sustainability in India and Systems Husk Power the five winners of the Dell Social winners the five focused Competition have Innovation Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Maximizing Social Impact: Essays Where Social Innovation Meets Sustainability 103 and scalable solution is the key to to solution is the key and scalable idea to an innovative leveraging maximize social or environmental impact. begins innovation social Furthermore, an individual or with ideas from come of individuals who have group and their talents leverage to together change. long-term create skills to community local, By combining training expert with the perspectives students, of University and knowledge members and community students solutions and innovative create can help to initiatives grassroots powerful problems. the biggest solve at Austin of Texas The University with the Dell starting community, Competition, can Social Innovation those ideas and help help foster to innovations on students’ capitalize maximize social and environmental solutions. sustainable impact through This social innovation hits on a This social innovation sustainability: unique way of viewing through roots cultural sustaining The education. philanthropic is in this project inherent innovation worlds separate of two the connection help to on the responsibility and taking both causes. Mean? What Does this All ventures These entrepreneurial by with a social purpose, fueled us remind techniques, innovative more that maximizing impact takes vision a good idea. It takes than just that a sustainable and understanding not just not just — providing impact for people in a distant in a distant people impact for providing ancestors, land, the home of your change within ourselves creating while of doing good. This a culture sustain to identity sense of enduring cultural positive in motivating is important with a long-term actions taken which is in and of itself perspective, a sustainable for a crucial challenge is a way to continuity Cultural future. survival today’s define oneself beyond needs and wants. This venture aims to redefine redefine aims to This venture of the lens through sustainability With the explosion identity. cultural population (the majority of immigrant in the countries) developing from of these children States, United become inevitably immigrants or their religious from separated these children origin. How cultural of their culture about the legacy learn lies The answer question. is the key of giving – a legacy within creating connection. dynamic impact programs Three on sustainable focusing offered: are and impact growth (flagship GenerationImpact and GenerationChildren program), Each program GenerationClassroom. youth where has a giving component based on a cause to donate can of the social or their understanding their and track problem environmental impact. and the Indian-American youth in the youth and the Indian-American The impetus behind States. United that is the case philanthropy cultural are example, for Indian-Americans, minority group affluent the most the and have States in the United back give to responsibility The as youths. as adults, but also been a has never is that there issue that make them to empower means to — Generation Impact aims to serve two two serve Impact aims to Generation in India the impoverished groups: program for this social venture will this social venture for program in India. launch first cause of their choice in a developing in a developing of their choice cause of impact a proof and receive country spent. The pilot of their dollars interactive media-based educational media-based educational interactive a give to youth empowers website the high-impact donation to low-cost, of immigrants to build connections build connections to of immigrants by of their ancestors the country to and culturally socially becoming An philanthropy. through aware meets philanthropy. The mission of The mission meets philanthropy. and empower Impact is to Generation children American young educate enterprise that transitions between between transitions that enterprise impact global and society, culture, sustainability cultural where These examples of “cultural” and of “cultural” These examples the inspiration social change were Impact, a social behind Generation interests through the power of human the power through interests action and voice. concerns as basic human rights. concerns in this communities Empowering sustainability to manner contributes of social by widening the area redefining environmental issues as issues environmental redefining set collectively to issues social justice these address agenda to their own Luther King or organizations such as Luther King or organizations of the in the Defense PODER (People who are Earth and Her Resources) cultural and community participation. community and cultural included major changes Many have individuals such as Martin from Philanthropy of examples numerous are There of elements the change that combined the environment. Impact: Cultural Generation effective, geographically scalable, scalable, geographically effective, and people solutions for sustainable Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Sponsors Additional Resources 104 . http://soa.utexas.edu/csd Economy – understanding economic development, job creation and public job creation development, economic – understanding Economy of healthy for the development form of sustenance as a primary finance communities. and the vernacular aesthetics Design – including both the contemporary our surroundings and empower enhance that stimulate, practices cultural with meaning. sensible in pragmatic, the ethics of sustainability Making – applying Policy by our civic leaders. be operationalized ways that can and balanced Ecology – encompassing both ecological planning techniques and green and green planning techniques both ecological – encompassing Ecology building systems. gain generations, including future Social Equity – ensuring that all people, and human resources. natural vital to access adequate vist the CSD website: the CSD website: vist • • • interdisciplinary through interests these core together weave to The CSD works find out about the CSD and current To efforts. and outreach education, research, the nation, both within the school and around sustainability, to related events neighborhoods, and regions. as central challenge’ of the ‘sustainability nature the interconnected see We teaching interdisciplinary our projects, attempt—through we our work; to between the connections understand better groups—to and ongoing working and social justice. prosperity economic environment, Interests CSD Core • • The mission of the Center for Sustainable Development (CSD) is to lead the the lead (CSD) is to Development Sustainable for of the Center The mission and the the nation in Texas, development of sustainable and practice study and community education of research, programs complementary through world interests of diverse integration The CSD is unique in its successful outreach. social and the physical solutions to achievable balanced, creative, develop to of buildings, and preservation the planning, construction, facing challenges

Center for Sustainable Development Center for Sustainable csd Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Sponsors Additional Resources 105 is part of the Campus Planning and is part of the Campus Planning and Office of Sustainability Office reducing waste, actively promoting recycling, renewing valuable resources, resources, valuable renewing recycling, promoting actively waste, reducing its operations. through resources and water energy conserving create seeks to at Austin of Texas Change. The University About Culture It’s excitement, intellectual that generates of excellence a disciplined culture of 125 defines this The Commission leaders. and develops lives, transforms by strong characterized endeavors, in all University as “excellence culture with individual combined community, and an engaged intellectual leadership in advancing This includes excellence accountability.” and institutional in our academic on our campus, and sustainability stewardship environmental activities. and outreach and in our public service programs, and research The definition of sustainability varies depending on whom you ask and what varies depending on whom The definition of sustainability that meet the efforts societal to refers them. “Sustainability to most matters generations the ability of future without compromising users needs of present resources that the planet’s presumes needs. Sustainability meet their own to Decisions and equitably. wisely, conservatively, and should be used finite, are advance will simultaneously sustainability promote to aimed and investments and social welfare.” integrity, ecological vitality, economic sustainability exemplify many of our practices of the University, As stewards been used. Students hasn’t always sustainability although the word principles, not just endeavors sustainability visible demand more increasingly and faculty As a global the country. and around but also in the community on campus, on by focusing of sustainability is setting an example the University leader, The University hired its first director of sustainability in 2009 to support in 2009 of sustainability director its first hired The University new initiate to as as well campus on efforts the many existing and promote sustainability in pursuing and staff faculty, among students, collaborations The on campus. Operations. within University portfolio Management (CPFM) Facilities Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Sponsors Additional Resources 106 , our facebook page facebook . twitter to see what events we have going on have we see what events to calendar , and follow us on , and follow flickr page , our . Please check out our . Please environmental impact and to foster a genuine culture of sustainability on of sustainability culture a genuine foster impact and to environmental in involved means. The CEC in and constructive collaborative through campus from range projects Our organization. diverse a is and Campus UT of areas many day management of the day to to sale, wide garage a campus Treasure, to Trash bins on campus. recycling our around browse we do please and what we are about who find out more To website also visit our can You meetings are. and when our weekly page youtube The University of Texas Campus Environmental Center is the largest is the largest Center Campus Environmental of Texas The University We in the environment. interested UT students for on campus organization Campus Planning and Facilities under organization student sponsored a are portfolio. Operations Management, in the University its negative reduce to the UT community empower of the CEC is to The mission Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Co-sponsors Additional Resources 107 mission of the Energy Institute is to provide the transformational changes the transformational provide is to Institute of the Energy mission and Nation’s this State’s for required that are and instruction research through security.. energy sustainable The Energy Institute has been established at the University of Texas at Austin at Austin of Texas at the University has been established Institute The Energy energy sustainable for and the Nation guidance of Texas the State provide to - good programs and education of research the pursuit security through and of Texas, the State of future The economic policy based on good science. The resources. energy our Nation, depends upon the viability of sustainable the biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere in the Earth system, as well as the as as well system, in the Earth and lithosphere hydrosphere, the biosphere, cross- ESI coordinates Additionally, human dimensions of these interactions. and education facilitates studies; in environmental instruction departmental of in the area advances and disseminates studies; in environmental outreach and globally. locally important are that science environmental our advance is to Institute Science of the Environmental The mission of the development through and sustainability of the environment understanding programs. and outreach education research, interdisciplinary The Environmental Science Institute is a multi-disciplinary institute for basic for institute is a multi-disciplinary Institute Science The Environmental Texas of founded by The University studies in environmental research scientific of a wide scope for campus point on as a focal serves The Institute at Austin. of interactions the complex involving and teaching research interdisciplinary UT Austin Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, & Initiatives Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium

Advanced Power Systems and Control Laboratory 111 Architectural Engineering (BS, MS) 111 Building Environmetnal Systems Specialization 111 Austin Technology Incubator: Clean Energy Incubator 111 Brackenridge Field Laboratory 112 Bridging Disciplines 112 Bureau of Economic Geology 112 Business Administration (MBA) 113 Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Concentration 113

Energy Finance Concentration 113 Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives Center for Electrochemistry 113 Center for Electromechanics 113 Center for Energy and Environmental Resources 114 Center for Energy Finance Education & Research 114 Center for Environmental Research at Hornsby Bend 114 Center for Global Energy, International Arbitration, and Environmental Law 114 Center for International Energy and Environmental Policy 115 Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology 115 Center for Petroleum Asset Risk Management 115 Center for Petroleum & Geosystems Engineering 116 Center for Public Policy Dispute Resolution 116 Center for Research in Water Resources 116

Center for Space Research 116 Additional Resources Center for Subsurface Modeling 117 Center for Sustainable Development 117 Center for Sustainable Water Resources 117 Center for Transportation Research 117ce Chemical Engineering (BS) 117 Energy Technologies Technical Area Option 118 Environmental Engineering Technical Option 118 108 Civil Engineering (BS) 118 Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Environmental Engineering Specialization 118 Water Resources Engineering Specialization 118 CleanTech Concentration (MBA) 119 Climate Systems Science (MS, MA, PhD) 119 Communication, Information, and Cultural Policy Portfolio Program 119 Community and Regional Planning (MSCRP, PhD) 120 Environmental Planning for Sustainable Communities 120 Land Use, Transportation and Infrastructure Planning Specialization 120 Planning for Social and Economic Sustainability 120 Continuing & Innovative Education 121 Department of Facilities Services Recycling and Sustainability Branch 121 Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives Division of Recreational Sports 121 Division of RecSports, Adventure Trip Program - Service Learning Trips 121 Electrical and Computer Engineering 122 Energy Systems and Renewable Energy Technical Core 122 Energy Geosciences (MS, MA, PhD) 122 Energy Institute 123 Environmental Law Clinic 123 Energy and Earth Resources (MA) 123 Energy Management and Innovation Center 123 Environmental Science Institute 124 Environmental Science and Sustainability (BS) 124 Biological Sciences Track 124

Geographical Sciences Track 124 Additional Resources Geological Sciences Track 124 Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (MS, PhD) 125 Geography (BA) 125 Global Energy, International Arbitration, and Environmental Law (LLM) 126 Global Policy Studies (MGPS) 126 Gulf Coast Carbon Center 126 Hydrology/Environmental Geology (BS, MS, MA, PhD) 126 109 Indoor Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IGERT) 127 Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Information Technology Services GreenIT@UT 127 Institute for Geophysics 127 Integrated Watershed Science Portfolio Program 127 Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT) 128 Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center 128 Marine Science Institute 129 Materials Science and Engineering (MS, PhD) 129 Metropolitan Opportunity Initiative 129 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Portfolio Program 130 Plant Resources Center 130 Public Affairs (MPAff) 130 Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives Renewable Fiber, Apparel, and Vehicle Interior Material Research 131 Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law 131 Societal Impacts of Science & Technology Portfolio Program 131 Sustainability Portfolio Program 132 Sustainable Design (MSSD, MArch I, MArch II) 132 Texas Materials Institute 132 Texas Industries of the Future 132 UT Athletics Sustainability Program 133 University Co-operative Materials Resource Center 133 Webber Energy Group 133 Additional Resources

110 Advanced Power Systems and Control Laboratory Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Contact: Dongmei “Maggie” Chen http://www.me.utexas.edu/~apscl/ Our goal is to establish a long-term research and educational program in renewable energy to: (1) conduct frontier research on networked renewable energy systems by analyzing the interaction among the subsystems through a model based approach; (2) explore innovative control strategies to achieve optimal system performance and efficiency; and (3) broaden the research impact through technology transfer and education of future workforce for the renewable energy industry. Our current research focuses on the following areas: (1) wind turbine systems; (2) rechargeable battery systems; (3) fuel cell systems; and (4) integrated power systems.

Architectural Engineering (B.S., M.S.) Building Energy and Environments Concentration Cockrell School of Engineering http://www.caee.utexas.edu/technical-areas/BEE_CAEE.pdf

http://www.ce.utexas.edu/current-students/undergraduate/arch/about Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives The BEE consists of faculty, staff and students who focus on a wide range of issues related to building environments. These issues include building energy usage, energy flows, and conservation methods, sources of indoor gases and particles, fate and transport of indoor pollutants, human exposure to indoor air pollution, and control of indoor pollutants. Much of the research focuses on the interactions of pollutants and indoor materials, and increasingly the nexus between building energy use and indoor environmental quality. Austin Technology Incubator: Clean Energy Incubator Contacts: Mitchell Jacobson and Michael Webber http://ati.utexas.edu/entrepreneurs/focus-areas/clean-energy The ATI Clean Energy Incubator (CEI) gives young clean energy companies the resources they need to succeed and grow into self-sustaining entities that contribute jobs to Austin and intellectual capital to the world. Located in Austin, Texas, CEI provides the resources and facilities necessary for start-ups to attract funding, aggressively compete in the free market, and turn ideas into reality. Additional Resources Brackenridge Field Laboratory Contact: Lawrence Gilbert http://www.utexas.edu/research/bfl/index.html Brackenridge Field Laboratory (BFL) is a premier urban field research station for studies in biodiversity, ecosystem change and natural history. The lab is of critical importance to The University of Texas at Austin’s top-ten ranked Ecology, Evolution and Behavior graduate program. As an urban field lab, BFL is unsurpassed in regard to historical data, access for students and faculty (a few minutes from main campus), and diversity of habitats. Research at the lab contributes to our understanding of climate change, invasive species, biodiversity, genomics, animal behavior and evolution. 111 Bridging Disciplines Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium School of Undergraduate Studies http://www.utexas.edu/ugs/bdp/ The Bridging Disciplines Programs (BDPs) at The University of Texas at Austin allow undergraduates to earn an interdisciplinary certificate in one of eleven different areas. After completing nineteen credit hours of coursework, research, and internship experiences, students earn a certificate demonstrating a secondary area of specialization that integrates hands-on experience and classroom learning. By studying an issue from a variety of disciplinary perspectives, students become more flexible, versatile thinkers, better prepared for a professional world that increasingly values collaboration and innovation. In particular, the Environment BDP gives students the opportunity to explore a variety of disciplinary approaches to environmental processes and contemporary environmental issues. By bringing together courses in natural sciences, social sciences, design disciplines, and the humanities, this program affords a complex understanding of how the diverse parts of Earth’s environment interact. Designed to complement a range of majors, the Environment BDP prepares students to address environmental issues in careers as researchers,

writers, policy makers, sustainable business leaders, and educators. An interdisciplinary panel Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives of faculty with an interest in the environment helps students design individualized programs of study that complement their majors and interests, and they are instrumental in helping students

find internships and opportunities to participate in faculty research. Bureau of Economic Geology Contact: Scott Tinker http://www.beg.utexas.edu/ The Bureau of Economic Geology, established in 1909, is the oldest research unit at The University of Texas at Austin. The Bureau, part of The John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences at The University of Texas at Austin, also functions as the State Geological Survey. The Bureau conducts basic and applied research related to energy resources including oil, natural gas, and coal; mineral resources; coastal processes; Earth and environmental systems; hydrogeology; carbon sequestration; nanotechnology; energy economics; and geologic mapping.

Business Administration (MBA) Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Concentration After acceptance into the McCombs School, students have several choices of specializations Additional Resources from which to choose to pursue in their final year, including energy finance. Although an energy or finance background is not required for enrollment, the program IS strongly analytical and quantitative in nature. We have about 20-25 MBA students in the energy concentration program each year. While energy jobs and internships are still competitive, the job market growth continues to produce more energy-related opportunities for graduates.

112 Business Administration (MBA) Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Energy Finance Concentration After acceptance into the McCombs School, students have several choices of specializations from which to choose to pursue in their final year, including energy finance. Although an energy or finance background is not required for enrollment, the program IS strongly analytical and quantitative in nature. We have about 20-25 MBA students in the energy concentration program each year. While energy jobs and internships are still competitive, the job market growth continues to produce more energy-related opportunities for graduates.

Center for Electrochemistry

Contact: Allen J. Bard http://cec.cm.utexas.edu/ Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives Electrochemistry is key to many sustainable technologies that store, transform, or generate energy, including fuel cells, solar energy, photo-electrochemistry, high energy density batteries, flow batteries, and supercapacitors. The Center for Electrochemistry (CEC) was established in 2006 to capitalize on a half century of excellence in electrochemistry at The University of Texas at Austin in order to foster collaborative research programs in the electrochemical sciences. Our broad mission is to advance research and solve problems, fundamental or applied, related to transfer of electrons or ions at interfaces. The CEC offers a strong coupling between fundamental electrochemistry and materials science, fields that are the foundation for widespread applications in diverse fields such as energy and health. We are comprised of a multi-disciplinary group of more than 250 faculty, staff, and student researchers spanning the chemistry, materials, and engineering aspects of electrochemical science.

Center for Electromechanics Additional Resources Contact: Dr. Robert Hebner http://www.utexas.edu/research/cem/index.html To provide industrial, government, and University partners with a leading edge research and development resource to develop new technologies and applied technology solutions by harnessing steady or transient electrical and mechanical power and energy. This is accomplished in an environment that provides advanced research opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students. An important emphasis is on the efficient use of power and energy.

113 Center for Energy Finance Education & Research Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Contact: Ehud Ronn http://cefer.mccombs.utexas.edu/ The purpose of the Center for Energy Finance Education & Research (CEFER) is to support curriculum development in corporate finance and financial risk management applied to energy and financial commodities as well as to support faculty development and research in the Department of Finance. The Center is the focal point for the creation of the leading academic program in energy finance and financial risk management.

Center for Energy Management and Innovation Contact: John Butler http://blogs.mccombs.utexas.edu/energy/ The mission of the Energy Management and Innovation Center is to contribute to a better understanding of the economic, commercial, and policy issues involved in the production, distribution, and consumption of energy. Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives

Center for Environmental Research at Hornsby Bend Contact: Kevin Anderson http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/water/cer2.htm The Center for Environmental Research at the Hornsby Bend Biosolids Management Plant is a partnership formed in 1989 with the City of Austin, the University of Texas and Texas A&M University to support urban ecology and sustainability studies for Austin. Numerous Texas universities along with federal and state agencies now work through the CER to utilize the Hornsby Bend site for education and research on biosolids, soil ecology, biodiversity, riparian ecology, and more. The CER auditorium and classrooms are used by a wide range of academic institutions, government agencies, and non-profit organizations for workshops, classes, and meetings. Hornsby Bend is nationally known as a biodiversity research site and as an ecotourism destination. Additional Resources Center for Global Energy, International Arbitration, and Environmental Law Contact: Melinda Taylor http://www.utexas.edu/law/academics/centers/energy/ The Center for Global Energy, International Arbitration, and Environmental Law at the University of Texas School of Law offers an extensive and unique curriculum to students interested in these areas of the law. The Center is also a focal point for interdisciplinary analysis, debate, and discussion of the legal and policy issues relevant to energy, arbitration, and the environment.

114 Center for International Energy and Environmental Policy Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Contact: Charles Groat http://www.jsg.utexas.edu/cieep The University of Texas at Austin chartered the Center for International Energy and Environmental Policy (CIEEP) in the summer of 2005 to establish a dedicated policy center in one of the University’s longstanding areas leadership, energy, and its confluence with the environment. The center joins the scientific and engineering capabilities of the University’s Jackson School of Geosciences and the College of Engineering with the LBJ School of Public Affairs.

Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology Contact: Keith Stevenson http://www.cnm.utexas.edu/ Nanotechnology, a science that manipulates materials with atomic or molecular precision, is regarded as the next basic technology to follow Information Technology and Biotechnology. Nanotechnology promises new solutions for many of society’s greatest technological needs, including sustainable energy sources, breakthroughs in medical diagnosis and therapy, Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives rapid advances in information technology, and exciting new strategies for manufacturing. Nanotechnologyis driving the fundamental research agenda in many areas of science and engineering, and is the focus of major new R & D funding from federal agencies and the private sector.

Center for Petroleum Asset Risk Management Contact: http://www.cparm.utexas.edu CPARM is a multidisciplinary research, development and education program at The University of Texas at Austin sponsored by organizations active in petroleum exploration and production (E&P). Its objective is to perform research into ways that decisions regarding hydrocarbon exploration and production can be improved. The Center is made up of world-class faculty and students from the College of Engineering, the Red McCombs School of Business, and the John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences. Additional Resources Center for Petroleum & Geosystems Engineering Contact: Gary A. Pope http://www.cpge.utexas.edu The mission of the Center for Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering Research (CPGE) is to encourage and develop interdisciplinary research in petroleum and geosystems engineering as well as other areas related to energy and the environment; provide educational opportunities for graduate students; provide an organizational structure for funding new areas of research; and conduct meetings, symposia, and workshops on research topics and provide a mechanism for technology transfer. 115 Center for Public Policy Dispute Resolution Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Contacts: Susan Schultz and Susanne Schwartz http://www.utexas.edu/law/academics/centers/cppdr/ The Center for Public Policy Dispute Resolution (the Center or CPPDR) opened its doors in 1993 to promote the appropriate use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) by Texas governmental and public interest entities. The Center provides education, skill-building trainings, facilitation and mediation services to foster collaboration and problem-solving with state, regional, and local entities, as well as The University of Texas community and the public. The Center seeks to meet an expanding need for collaborative processes both before and after a conflict arises. We work with a spectrum of options to deal with conflicting perspectives, such as inviting input from various stakeholders to create a better informed decision-making process or using dialogues and information sharing to foster a sense of community around anticipated changes. These processes can build a safe forum within which individuals and groups can address tough issues and allow for more effective public engagement in governmental decision-making. That public engagement often leads to more workable and sustainable solutions. Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives

Center for Research in Water Resources Contact: David Maidment http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/ Located at UT’s J.J. Pickle Research Campus, CRWR carries out advanced research, education, design, and planning in water resources and waste management, primarily related to Texas but also involving other areas of the country as well as foreign countries. The center communicates the results of its advanced research to government, industry, and other educational institutions; works with other agencies and institutions in Texas to solve the State’s complex water problems; acts as a regional center for water-related research, education, planning, and practical design; and shares relevant experience and provide support to graduate students of the University by involving them in applied research. Additional Resources Center for Space Research Contact: Byron Tapley http://www.csr.utexas.edu/ The University of Texas at Austin, Center for Space Research was established in 1981 to conduct research in orbit determination, space geodesy, the Earth and its environment, exploration of the solar system, as well as expanding the scientific applications of space systems data. Results of CSR’s research have provided solutions to questions associated with fishery, agriculture, mapping ocean circulation, improving models of the Earth’s gravity field, environmental impacts of oil spills, oil exploration and drilling operations, and weather forecasting. 116 Center for Subsurface Modeling Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Contact: Mary F. Wheeler http://csm.ices.utexas.edu/index.php The Center for Subsurface Modeling (CSM) investigates high-performance parallel processing as a tool to model the behavior of fluids in permeable geologic formations such as petroleum and natural gas reservoirs, groundwater aquifers and aquitards, and in shallow bodies of water such as bays and estuaries. The Center is part of the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES). CSM comprises a close-knit team of faculty and research scientists with expertise in applied mathematics, engineering, and computer, physical, chemical and geological sciences. This interdisciplinary approach to simulation permits a more effective integration of advanced mathematical and numerical techniques with engineering applications.

Center for Sustainable Development Contact: Barbara Brown Wilson http://www.soa.utexas.edu/csd/ The Center for Sustainable Development (CSD) is unique in its successful integration of diverse interests to develop creative, balanced, achievable solutions to the physical and social challenges Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives facing the planning, construction, and preservation of buildings, neighborhoods, and regions. CSD sees the interconnected nature of the ‘sustainability challenge’ as central to our work; and attempts — through our projects, interdisciplinary teaching and ongoing working groups—to better understand the connections between environment, economic prosperity and social justice.

Center for Sustainable Water Resources Contact: Bridget Scanlon http://www.beg.utexas.edu/cswr/index.html The Center for Sustainable Water Resources conducts studies related to water quantity and quality aspects of water resources at local scales using field studies and regional scales using remote sensing and at annual to millennial timescales. Impacts of land use change and climate variability/change are important drivers considered in these studies. The results of these studies will have important implications for development of sustainable water resource programs in different regions.

Center for Transportation Research Additional Resources Contact: Randy Machemehl http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/ Since its inception in 1963, the Center for Transportation Research (CTR) at The University of Texas at Austin has evolved into one of the leading university-based transportation research facilities in the U.S. Its ongoing mission remains to conduct industry-leading transportation research, provide educational opportunities for University of Texas students, and to serve the public through research that responds to the transportation needs of Texas travelers. CTR’s current and ongoing projects address virtually all aspects of transportation research, including economics, multimodal systems, traffic congestion relief, transportation policy, materials, structures, transit, environmental impacts, driver behavior, land use, geometric design, accessibility, and pavements. 117 Chemical Engineering (BS) Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Energy Technologies Technical Area Option School of Engineering http://web.engr.utexas.edu/che/students/undergrad/techoptions.cfm The need for energy sustainability and new energy technologies provides some of the most significant scientific and engineering challenges that face society. Chemical engineers are uniquely qualified to address these issues and contribute new solutions to the problem. Technologies include solar energy utilization in the form of photovoltaics, biofuels and solar fuels; new and more efficient ways to extract fossil fuels from existing reservoirs; alternative power sources like wind, geothermal, and nuclear. Policy is also an important and active area that involves chemical engineers. Chemical engineering and other elective courses are available that teach fundamentals of energy technology and policy. Chemical Engineering (BS) Environmental Engineering Technical Option School of Engineering http://web.engr.utexas.edu/che/students/undergrad/techoptions.cfm Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives

Chemical engineers are uniquely qualified to contribute to the solution of environmental problems and to design processes and products that minimize environmental hazards. From pollution prevention by process optimization, to new understanding of chemical processes that occur in the environment, to new materials for advanced catalysts and carbon-free energy sources, chemical engineers are creating the “green” technologies needed to sustain the planet. Civil Engineering (BS) School of Engineering http://www.ce.utexas.edu/technical-areas/environmental-engineering.html Environmental Engineering Specialization Environmental Engineering is a Technical Area option within the Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering Bachelor of Science degree. Environmental engineers address problems related to public health and the environment.

Water Resources Engineering Specialization Additional Resources Water Resources Engineering is a Technical Area option within the Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering Bachelor of Science degree. Water resource engineers deal with the engineering aspects of hydrology and hydraulics as applied to water supply management, water excess management, and environmental protection and restoration. Water resources engineers focus on flood prevention; water supply for cities, industry, and agriculture; protection of beaches from erosion, management of rivers and estuaries; and habitat protection for aquatic species. The water quality aspects of water resources engineering have much in common with environmental engineering; thus, a considerable overlap exists for these two areas of practice.

118 CleanTech Concentration (MBA) Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium McCombs School of Business http://mba.mccombs.utexas.edu/students/academics/special/cleantech.asp The CleanTech concentration prepares you for a career in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and emissions abatement. This field is one of the fastest growing employment areas for MBAs. Clean technology companies are seeking MBAs who not only have excellent business skills but also a solid understanding of the technology and policy aspects affecting their industry, as well as project and risk management skills. Accordingly, the CleanTech concentration at McCombs gives you the opportunity to combine courses across various schools to best prepare for their career of choice. You will also connect with Austin’s booming CleanTech industry through the Clean Energy Incubator and a variety of on- and off-campus opportunities. Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives

Climate Systems Science (MS, MA, PhD) Jackson School of Geosciences http://www.ig.utexas.edu/jsg/css_jsg/index.html The Jackson School of Geosciences Climate Systems Science group includes researchers from diverse geoscience disciplines coming together to improve our understanding of the Earth’s climate system. We are involved in a number of nationally and internationally collaborative climate research projects that cover a range of climate topics. Additionally, our research is strengthened through partnerships within and across Jackson School units.

Communication, Information, and Cultural Policy Portfolio Program

College of Communication http://www.utexas.edu/portfolio/cicp/ Additional Resources The Graduate Portfolios in Communication, Information, and Cultural Policy offers students at the University of Texas a means to enter this vital field of study by focusing on the theory, history, and comparative aspects of policy. The program supports students’ preparation for careers in academic research or practical careers in policy-making arenas. Study in Communication, Information, and Cultural Policy is well-suited to a portfolio certificate program because it is a multi- disciplinary subject that can find students drawing on public policy, economics, communications, art, community planning, and information science. This program invites students to integrate these disciplines into their particular course of study and provides an institutional home for scholars with these shared interests. 119 Community and Regional Planning (MSCRP, PhD) Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Environmental Planning for Sustainable Communities School of Architecture http://soa.utexas.edu/crp/specializations#comm The specialization in environmental and natural resources planning provides students with a grounding in the scientific/technical dimensions, policy aspects, and planning and management techniques used to resolve of some of the most pressing environmental issues facing cities and regions today. The roles of environmental planners are of paramount importance for a gamut of issues, ranging in scale from individual brownfield site remediation to parks planning in central cities, from nonpoint source water pollution planning to habitat conservation planning for new developments in suburbs, and from sustainable development planning to water conservation for entire river basins.

Community and Regional Planning (MSCRP, PhD)

Land Use Transportation and Infrastructure Planning Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives School of Architecture http://soa.utexas.edu/crp/specializations#landuse The specialization is designed to provide students with an understanding of theories, methods and techniques for integrated land use, transportation and infrastructure planning and policy-making. Students are encouraged to approach LUTIP from a critical perspective and to consider questions such as: What are the critical LUTIP issues facing our communities? What sorts of goals do LUTIP methods and techniques promote? Where and how should the conventional LUTIP methods and techniques be improved? What are the implications—social, economic, environmental—of our choices about land use, transportation, and infrastructure policies and investments? Students specializing in LUTIP have found jobs with cities, counties, metropolitan planning organizations, transit agencies, non-profit organizations, and private consultants.

Community and Regional Planning (MSCRP, PhD) Planning for Social and Economic Sustainability School of Architecture http://soa.utexas.edu/crp/specializations#eco

The specialization in planning for social and economic sustainability gives students a theoretical Additional Resources and practical understanding of the challenges and opportunities facing communities as a result of changing economic and environmental conditions and the role that planners, as well as non- governmental and community organizations, can play in responding to these challenges. This field is evolving rapidly and practitioners will need to understand the interconnections between economic, social and environmental aspects of cities and communities to devise integrated, creative solutions. This specialization also includes coursework on international dimensions of social and economic change and sustainability, especially in Latin America. Students trained in this area will be prepared to work for public and private (often nonprofit) organizations. 120 Continuing & Innovative Education Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Contact: Judy Ashcroft www.utexas.edu/cie Continuing and Innovative Education started 100 years ago with the mandate of extending the resources of the University to the people of Texas. For 100 years, Continuing & Innovative Education has offered both traditional and nontraditional students an opportunity to broaden their educational experience. Whether we are reaching out to the campus community, the people of Texas, or the world, CIE strives to offer programs that meet the most pressing needs and interests of our community. Everyday, CIE is expanding its programming in the area of sustainability. View CIE’s Online Certificate in Organizational Strategies for Sustainability.

Department of Facilities Services Recycling and Sustainability Branch Contact: Jeffrey M. Basile http://www.utexas.edu/facilities/services/recycle.html

Division of Recreational Sports Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives Contacts: Tom Dison and Pete Schaack http://www.utrecsports.org/about/sustainability.php As a Student Affairs agency, Recreational Sports meets the ever-changing needs and interests of students and the campus community by providing programs, services and facilities that are comprehensive, inclusive and unsurpassed in quality. Through participation, we enhance the sociological, physiological and psychological well-being of each individual. We create environments and opportunities that foster community, form lasting memories and instill a sense of belonging. We promote physical fitness, healthy habits and balanced behaviors, improving the overall wellness of participants. We teach students meaningful life skills, encourage personal achievement, and develop involved and responsible citizens. In fulfilling this mission, we support and complement the institution’s academic and public service objectives, and make significant contributions to the University’s disciplined culture of excellence.

Division of RecSports, Adventure Trip Program - Service Learning Trips Contact: Chris Burnett http://www.utrecsports.org/outdoor

With urban development encroaching further into our wilderness and open space the need for Additional Resources conservation, education, and restoration is as important as ever. In order to sustain access and quality of experience within local and regional outdoor resources the Adventure Trip Program of RecSports is offering Service Learning Trips. These trips are designed specifically for those who desire to work hard and play hard. Service learning trips merge recreation, education and service work into one experience. Beginning in Fall 2010 students will have the opportunity to join a trip and work with local resource managers and biologists to provide restoration and conservation service work to local parks and recreation areas.

121 Electrical and Computer Engineering (BS) Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Energy Systems and Renewable Energy Technical Core http://www.ece.utexas.edu/undergraduate/ee_tech_2010_energy.cfm The Energy Systems and Renewable Energy Technical Core provides the foundation for a career in electric power systems, generation, grid operation, motors and drives, and renewable energy sources. Energy conversion involves conversion to and from electrical energy, including the study and design of electrical machines.

Energy and Earth Resources(MA) Jackson School of Geosciences http://www.jsg.utexas.edu/eer/about/index.html The Energy and Earth Resources Graduate Program provides the opportunity for students to Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives prepare themselves in management, finance, economics, law and policy leading to analytical and leadership positions in resource related fields. Private sector and government organizations face a growing need for professionals that can plan, evaluate, and manage complex resource projects, commonly international in scope, which often include partners with a variety of professional backgrounds. This program is well suited for those looking towards 21st century careers in energy, mineral, water, and environmental resources.

Energy Geosciences (MS, MA, PhD)

Jackson School of Geosciences http://www.jsg.utexas.edu/erg/energy_geoscience/ Additional Resources The Jackson School has had a world class program in energy geosciences research and education. Since its inception as the School of Geology in 1888, it has trained more graduate students who have gone into industry as petroleum geoscientists than any other institution in the country. Energy geosciences at the Jackson School includes four major research areas related to oil and gas exploration, CO2 sequestration, and geothermal exploration. All areas benefit from the close links between the oil and gas industry and the JSG. These close links ensure that many of our graduated students have access to state of the art data and techniques, are well funded both as students and for their field-related studies, and find challenging jobs close to their areas of study here at the JSG. 122 Energy Institute Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Contact: Raymond Orback http://energy.utexas.edu/ The Energy Institute has been established at the University of Texas at Austin to provide the State of Texas and the Nation guidance for sustainable energy security through the pursuit of research and education programs - good policy based on good science. The economic future of the State of Texas, and our Nation, depends upon the viability of sustainable energy resources. The mission of the Energy Institute is to provide the transformational changes through research and instruction that are required for this State’s and Nation’s sustainable energy security.

Environmental Law Clinic Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives Contact: Kelly Haragan http://www.utexas.edu/law/academics/clinics/environment/

The Environmental Clinic focuses on cases and projects that will improve public health and environmental quality for low-income communities. Past projects have included: helping communities obtain quality water and wastewater systems, preparing a Clean Air Act citizen suit against a Houston petrochemical plant, assisting Texas Hill Country counties in drafting proposed legislation to increase county authority to regulate development, and representing an environmental justice community in a challenge to an air permit for a new power plant. Additional Resources

Energy Management and Innovation Center Contact: Sheridan Titman http://www.utexas.edu/research/ceer/ The Center for Energy and Environmental Resources (CEER) serves as a liaison for energy and environmental research, education, and public service at the University of Texas at Austin. It focuses on efficient and economical use of energy and on ensuring a cleaner environment by developing, in cooperation with industry, processes and technologies that minimize waste and conserve natural resources. 123 Environmental Science Institute Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Contact: Jay Banner http://www.esi.utexas.edu The Environmental Science Institute is a multi-disciplinary institute for basic scientific research in environmental studies at UT. The Institute serves as a focal point on campus for a wide scope of interdisciplinary research and teaching involving the complex interactions of the biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere in the Earth system, as well as the human dimensions of these interactions. Additionally, ESI coordinates cross-departmental instruction in environmental studies; facilitates education and outreach in environmental studies; and disseminates advances in the area of environmental science that are important locally and globally. Environmental Science (EVS) Program (BS) http://www.esi.utexas.edu/students/undergraduate-students/evs- The Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science degree program is designed for students interested in an interdisciplinary scientific perspective on environmental and sustainability issues, analysis, and management. The degree program provides the broad foundation in physical, life, Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives and social sciences needed for a career or graduate study in environmental science and related fields such as climate change, ecology, and conservation.

Biological Sciences Track Students in the Biological Sciences Track within the Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science degree program make their academic home in the School of Biological Sciences within the College of Natural Sciences. EVS students in the Biological Sciences Track follow their foundational studies with three more pillars in their environmental studies: Genetics, Evolution, and Conservation. Students in the Biological Sciences Track also take additional math and physics courses, including a course in statistics. This coursework is supplemented with taxon- based diversity classes and studies in physiology, neurobiology, and behavior. Geographical Sciences Track Students in the Geological Sciences Track within the Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science degree program make their academic home in the Department of Geology within the Jackson School of Geosciences. EVS students in the Geological Sciences Track build upon their foundational studies with Plate Tectonics & Earth History, Earth Materials, Sedimentary Rocks, and Field & Stratigraphic Methods. This coursework is supplemented with Environmental Isotope Geochemistry, Groundwater Hydrology, and Chemical and Physical Hydrogeology. Students in Additional Resources the Geological Sciences Track also take additional math and physics courses, including a course in statistics. Geological Sciences Track Students in the Geological Sciences Track within the Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science degree program make their academic home in the Department of Geology within the Jackson School of Geosciences. EVS students in the Geological Sciences Track build upon their foundational studies with Plate Tectonics & Earth History, Earth Materials, Sedimentary Rocks, and Field & Stratigraphic Methods. This coursework is supplemented with Environmental Isotope 124 Geochemistry, Groundwater Hydrology, and Chemical and Physical Hydrogeology. Students in the Geological Sciences Track also take additional math and physics courses, including a course in statistics. Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (MS, PhD) Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Cockrell School of Engineering http://www.caee.utexas.edu/ewre/index.cfm The BEE consists of faculty, staff and students who focus on a wide range of issues related to building environments. These issues include building energy usage, energy flows, and conservation methods, sources of indoor gases and particles, fate and transport of indoor pollutants, human exposure to indoor air pollution, and control of indoor pollutants. Much of the research focuses on the interactions of pollutants and indoor materials, and increasingly the nexus between building energy use and indoor environmental quality.

Geography (B.A.) College of Liberal Arts http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/geography/undergraduate-programs/Study-Tracks/ Cultural Geography Track Cultural Geography deals with aspects of human geography related to cultural origins and dispersals, cultural ecology, perception and sense of place, cultural landscapes and landscape Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives change. The focus is upon both the spatial attributes of culture and the interactions between culture and environment. Earth Science Track Earth Science, as a subfield of geography, emphasizes the study of environmental processes at regional and global scales. Geomorphology and biogeography are the most important components of the Earth Science track. Its goal is to provide a sound background in aspects of the origin, development, and evolution of the earth’s physical environment and landscape. Environmental Resource Management Track This program explores the relationship of societies to their resource base. It addresses issues of resource evaluation and management: the ways in which societies adjust to the opportunities and constraints of the natural environment, and the impacts of cultural practices and political processes on environmental change. The program is intended to provide the basic knowledge and skills required for advanced study and employment in environmental planning, resource management, and development.

Landscape Ecology and Biogeography Track Additional Resources Biogeography is the study of the changing distributions of plants, animals, and ecosystems. It can be applied to study the conservation of natural environments, for example in nature reserves, or of species of special concern. One such application, Landscape Ecology, focuses on the study of the ecology of physical and biotic landscapes through time. This includes geoecology, the study of the relationships of plant and animal species and communities with surficial processes, geomorphology, and soils. The field of Landscape Ecology developed in the United States in the 1970s and has become a major area of growth in ecology through the applications of earth science approaches, quantitative methods, remote sensing, and GISc to ecological issues. 125 Global Energy, International Arbitration, and Environmental Law (LL.M.) Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium School of Law http://www.utexas.edu/law/academics/degrees/llm/degreq.html Students in the Global Energy, International Arbitration and Environmental Law program will take the majority of the required 24 credit hours in core courses in energy law, international arbitration, and environmental law. Students will have the flexibility to concentrate in one of the areas through additional advanced courses. Coastal and Ocean Law, Electricity Law, Emerging Trends in Oil & Gas Litigation, Environmental Law, International Commercial Arbitration, Wind Law, Electricity Law, Oil & Gas, Trade, Environment & Human Rights, and Global Climate Change Policy and just a few of the courses available.

Global Policy Studies (MGPS) International Energy, Environment, and Technology Specialization

LBJ School of Public Affairs http://www.utexas.edu/lbj/degreeprograms/mgps/specializations Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives The Master of Global Policy Studies (M.G.P.S.) degree at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs is a path-breaking program designed to equip professionals with the tools and knowledge necessary to be leaders in an increasingly interdependent world. The MGPS degree goes beyond traditional international affairs programs to offer a multidisciplinary approach to the complex economic, political, technological, and social issues of the 21st century and considers the full range of influences on contemporary global policy—governments, private industry, and non- governmental organizations. International Energy, Environment and Technology considers the international dimensions of natural resources, the environment, science and technology.

Gulf Coast Carbon Center Contact: Susan Hovorka http://www.beg.utexas.edu/gccc/index.php The Gulf Coast Carbon Center seeks to apply its technical and educational resources to implement geologic storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide on an aggressive time scale with a focus in a region where large-scale reduction of atmospheric releases is needed and short term action is possible. Additional Resources

Hydrology/Environmental Geology (BS, MS, MA, PhD) Jackson School of Geosciences http://www.geo.utexas.edu/undergrad/degrees.html#bs3 This option is oriented toward solving problems of societal need, especially groundwater retention. It is an increasingly popular option, with students heading to environmental engineering companies, government agencies, consulting and related firms engaged in protecting the environment and remediating environmental problems. 126 Indoor Environmental Sciences and Engineering Program (IGERT) Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Contact: Dr. Rich Corsi http://www.ce.utexas.edu/IGERT/ The mission of this program is to provide a unique and interdisciplinary educational experience focused on indoor environmental science and engineering. Our program is grounded in scientific principles and the development of leadership skills for Ph.D. students committed to improving indoor environments. We aim to serve as an international leader in the education of the next generation of leaders in the interdisciplinary field of indoor environmental science and engineering.

Information Technology Services GreenIT@UT Contact: Jennifer Jobst http://www.utexas.edu/its/services/greenit/ In May 2008, the University adopted a new Campus Sustainability Policy to integrate sustainability into all facets of campus life, including academic programs, operations, campus planning, administration, and outreach. GreenIT@UT is an initiative that promotes sustainable IT products, Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives services and best practices on campus. As part of the initiative, a number of options offered by ITS can you save power and paper, and can even help reduce your carbon footprint.

Institute for Geophysics Contact: Terry Quinn http://www.ig.utexas.edu The University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) is known internationally as a leading academic research group in geology and geophysics. Founded in 1972, it is an Organized Research Unit within The University of Texas at Austin, operating under the auspices of the Jackson School of Geosciences in Austin. UTIG works with the UT Department of Geological Sciences and Bureau of Economic Geology to provide basic and applied geophysical research opportunities for graduate students at the MA and PhD level through its worldwide programs in solid earth geophysics, marine geology/geophysics, and multi-channel reflection seismology. Additional Resources

Integrated Watershed Science Portfolio Program Environmental Science Institute http://www.esi.utexas.edu/watersheds/portfolio.html The Integrated Watershed Science Graduate Portfolio Program allows an interdisciplinary approach to the study and research of water issues by integrating already existing resources throughout UT-Austin through a certificate program designed to supplement existing degree programs from around the University of Texas. The goal of the program is to help students from a wide variety of disciplinary degree programs broaden their experience with respect to water studies and to create a campus-wide cohort of students and faculty focused on water issues. 127 Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT): Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Sustainable Grid Integration of Distributed and Renewable Resources Contact: Ross Baldick This Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT) award supports a research and educational program at The University of Texas at Austin to address sustainable grid integration of distributed and renewable energy systems, a crucial priority for greenhouse gas reduction and energy independence. A key context for this project is the Pecan Street Project, a collaborative university–utility Austin-based effort to redesign and reformulate Austin’s electric power system. The research goal is to revolutionize the way energy is produced, used, stored, and traded consistent with economic, environment, social, and security objectives. The UT faculty team from Engineering, Business, Law, and Architecture will be engaged in collaborative basic and applied research in data communications, cybersecurity, network management computation, distributed generation (solar, wind, fuel cells), power electronics and controls, energy storage (batteries, flywheels, compressed air, thermal storage, electric vehicles), building HVAC systems

and energy efficient buildings, efficient appliances, and sensors for system performance, tracking, Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives and optimization. IGERT fellows will develop course materials appropriate for high school math and science educators in support of UTeachEngineering. In addition, IGERT Fellows will be responsible for helping to create content for a graduate-level course on the Grid Of The Future. The results of this project will be applicable to distributed power (smart grid) systems throughout the U.S. and will have a significant economic impact. Outreach to underrepresented groups in K-12 will be facilitated by UTeachEngineering and development of new educational materials for high school engineering courses.

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Additional Resources Contact: Susan Rieff http://www.wildflower.org The mission of the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center is to increase the sustainable use and conservation of native wildflowers, plants and landscapes. Decades ago, former first lady Lady Bird Johnson recognized that our country was losing its natural landscapes and its natural beauty. The Wildflower Center was intended to help preserve and restore that beauty and the biological richness of North America. Since then, the Center has become one of the country’s most credible research institutions and effective advocates for native plants. Every day, the Wildflower Center brings life to Mrs. Johnson’s vision in its public gardens, its woodlands and sweeping meadows as well as in internationally influential research. 128 Marine Science Institute Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Contact: Lee A. Fuimann http://www.utmsi.utexas.edu The Marine Institute is dedicated to the three central functions of a major university (research, education, and outreach) as they apply to the Texas coastal zone and other marine environments. As an organized research unit, the primary goal of the Marine Science Institute is to improve our understanding of the marine environment through rigorous scientific investigations. This goal is accomplished through the research efforts of the scientific staff and the training of young scientists in cooperation with The University of Texas at Austin Department of Marine Science. The research and teaching functions take advantage of the unique facilities of the Institute and its shoreside location on the Texas Gulf Coast. Materials Science and Engineering (MS, PhD) Clean Energy Materials Thrust Cockrell School of Engineering and College of Natural Sciences Rapid depletion of fossil fuels and growing environmental concerns make energy one of the greatest Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives challenges facing humankind in the 21st centuryThe Clean Energy Materials Thrust is focused on the design and development of high performance materials for alternative energy technologies and developing a fundamental understanding of their structure-property-performance relationships. The thrust includes materials for fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, photovoltaics, solar energy conversion, thermoelectrics, and hydrogen production and storage. The research activities include materials design, chemical synthesis, nanomaterials, advanced materials characterization, prototype energy storage/conversion device fabrication and evaluation, and computational modeling of materials and processes. Some of the researchers in this thrust are also affiliated with UT Austin’s Electrochemical Energy Laboratory. Metropolitan Opportunity Initiative Contact: Heather K. Way and Elizabeth J. Mueller The Metropolitan Opportunity Initiative is a new initiative being developed by faculty in the School of Law, Community and Regional Planning Program in the School of Architecture, and the LBJ School. The mission of the Initiative is to engage the University and community leaders in developing inclusive approaches to address the complex challenges of social inequity in growing Additional Resources urban regions. The Initiative is starting out by bringing together faculty to coordinate opportunities for partnering with community groups in participatory research projects on issues related to social and economic opportunities in metropolitan areas. The Initiative is also building a website portal and online forums for disseminating research findings, data, and policy developments on topics related to this growing field of work. Over the long-term, the Initiative aspires to expand opportunities within the University to provide government and community leaders with research and tools to de-concentrate poverty, increase low-income individuals’ access to economic opportunity, and promote local and regional strategies for equitable growth. Any faculty member is welcome to join the Initiative. 129 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Portfolio Program Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Center for Nano & Molecular Science and Technology http://www.cnm.utexas.edu/nstinformation.html Nanotechnology, a science that manipulates materials with atomic or molecular precision, is regarded as the next basic technology to follow Information Technology and Biotechnology. Nanotechnology promises new solutions for many of society’s greatest technological needs, including sustainable energy sources, breakthroughs in medical diagnosis and therapy, rapid advances in information technology, and exciting new strategies for manufacturing. Nanotechnology is driving the fundamental research agenda in many areas of science and engineering, and is the focus of major new R & D funding from federal agencies and the private sector.

Plant Resources Center

Contact: Dr. Beryl B. Simpson http://www.biosci.utexas.edu/prc/archived/index.html Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives The Plant Resources Center (TEX-LL) with over 1,000,000 specimens is the largest herbarium in the southwestern United States and ranks fifth among U.S. university herbaria and twelfth across the nation. TEX-LL, with about a quarter of its specimens from Texas, has the largest holdings of Texas plants in the world. Nearly one half of the specimens at TEX-LL are from Latin America, with an especially strong representation of Mexico and northern Central America. Presently the number of vascular plant collections inserted in the herbarium is growing at an approximate rate of 16,400 specimens per year.

Public Affairs (M.P.Aff.) Natural Resources and the Environment Specialization LBJ School of Public Affairs http://www.utexas.edu/lbj/degreeprograms/mpaff/specializations The Master of Public Affairs program at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs is designed to prepare leaders with the skills and knowledge to effect meaningful change in government Additional Resources agencies, businesses, and nonprofit organizations. The School’s mission is to develop leaders and ideas that will help our state, the nation and the international community address critical public policy challenges in an increasingly interconnected and interdependent world. The Natural Resources and the Environment specialization provides coursework to support students interested in air, water, or land management; energy policy; or minerals policy in the government, nonprofit, or for-profit sectors. Courses typically address the relation among humans, other living creatures, and the earth and its chemical, physical, and geological processes. This specialization encourages graduate students to use technical, economic, and political information to be effective in policy analysis and policy making within local, regional, state, or federal arenas. 130 Renewable Fiber, Apparel, and Vehicle Interior Material Research Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Contact: Dr. Jonathan Chen Vision of this research program is to address the national priority of the biomass R&D that aims at enhancing the nation’s energy security, environmental protection, and rural economic growth. A major research goal is to develop eco-friendly technologies for converting lignocellulose biomass into renewable fibers, biodegradable apparel products, and fuel-efficient vehicle interior materials, and to ensure the use of these green materials resulting in a positive life-cycle impact on the environment and biobased economy.

Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law Contact: Dr. Francis J. Gavin http://www.strausscenter.org Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives The Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law at The University of Texas at

Austin provides the imagination, leadership and intellectual innovation required to help meet the challenges of the 21st century. It is designed to be a new kind of institution, one that engages the best minds in academia, government and the private sector in developing practical solutions to the pressing problems of an increasingly globalized world. The Center seeks the widest possible audience, enriching the public debate and giving guidance to decision-makers on how to respond to dangers and opportunities in global affairs.

Societal Impacts of Science & Technology Portfolio Program College of Liberal Arts http://www.utexas.edu/cola/progs/sts/graduate/general-information.php The Graduate Portfolio Program in Societal Impacts of Science & Technology provides an interdisciplinary approach to the study of societal impacts of science and technology; the Program provides Master’s and Doctoral students with a broad educational experience. STS Additional Resources Programs in the social sciences and humanities are designed to study these short and long term impacts on social life and cultural practices at the local, national, and global levels. The increasingly technologically-mediated nature of modern life calls for new scholars able to generate interdisciplinary research to further our understanding of the impacts on human society of new, rapidly changing environments where people and technologies interact in complex ways, and to understand the far-reaching and potentially revolutionary social impacts of technological innovation. Examples of past and potential societal impacts of science and technology that students may study include the digital divide, globalization vs. local practices, religious and cultural beliefs, political systems and power relationships. 131 Sustainability Portfolio Program Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Contact: Meghan Kleon http://www.soa.utexas.edu/csd/education/portfolio The Graduate Portfolios in Communication, Information, and Cultural Policy offer students at the University of Texas a means to enter this vital field of study by focusing on the theory, history, and comparative aspects of policy. The program supports students’ preparation for careers in academic research or practical careers in policy-making arenas. Study in Communication, Information, and Cultural Policy is well-suited to a portfolio certificate program because it is a multi- disciplinary subject that can find students drawing on public policy, economics, communications, art, community planning, and information science. This program invites students to integrate these disciplines into their particular course of study and provides an institutional home for scholars with these shared interests. Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives

Sustainable Design (M.S.S.D., M.Arch I, M.Arch II) School of Architecture http://soa.utexas.edu/sustainabledesign/intro The program as a whole reflects increasing student and faculty interest in three areas of inquiry —natural systems, building systems, and cultural systems. The study of natural systems relies upon the disciplines of physics and ecology as they relate to architecture. The study of building systems includes investigation of those component technologies that are required to construct environmentally responsive architecture. The study of cultural systems requires that natural and building systems be investigated within the complex social and political context of architectural practice. In sum, the Sustainable Design Program is practical, technical, and philosophical in scope. Additional Resources

Texas Materials Institute Contact: Arumugam Manthiram http://www.tmi.utexas.edu The Texas Materials Institute at the University of Texas at Austin was established in 1998 to ensure that UT-Austin achieves excellence in graduate education and research in the broad field of materials. The role of TMI is to be a “virtual” department that guides the destiny of materials science and engineering on the UT campus without imposing the limitations or boundaries inherent to departmental structures. 132 Texas Industries of the Future Sustainability on the UT Campus: A Symposium Contact: Kathey Ferland http://texasiof.ces.utexas.edu/ Texas industries will be world class and sustainable in balancing environmental, economic, and social aspects. They will thrive and grow, in a State that will be renowned for the diversity and well-being of its communities and natural environment. The purpose of the Texas Industries of the Future (IOF) program is to facilitate the development, demonstration and adoption of advanced technologies and adoption of best practices that reduce industrial energy usage, emissions, and associated costs, resulting in improved competitive performance.

UT Athletics Sustainability Program Contact: Merrick MyCue http://www.strausscenter.org • Enhance existing day-to-day Athletics sustainability efforts of staff and student athletes. • Produce a comprehensive 3-5 year Athletics sustainability plan and continuously evaluate and

modify based on data collection. Sustainability Related Centers, Programs, and Initiatives • Work with existing UT Athletics sponsors to increase gameday recycling efforts. (i.e. Longhorns

Recycling Roundup, Longhorns Don’t Litter) • Educate UT Athletics fans to heighten awareness of gameday environmental impact in UT venues and influence fan behaviors.

University Co-operative Materials Resource Center Contact: Sydney Mainster https://soa.utexas.edu/matlab/ The Materials Lab at the University of Texas in Austin School of Architecture is one of the first academic material collections, and the largest and most comprehensive of its kind ay any college or university in the country. The foremost goal of the Materials Lab is to encourage its users to think critically about the sustainability and performance of material choices in both the design process and the constructed environment. By having a greater understanding of material attributes, it can generate informed decisions, but more importantly, it can drive the craft and innovation in both design and fabrication. The Materials Lab has a growing collection currently standing at 25,000 + material samples and corresponding product literature. The collection mainly consists of traditional building construction materials; however, it strives to be reflective of the Additional Resources current building and design market and has a particular focus on smart, innovative, emerging and sustainable design materials and technologies.

Webber Energy Group Contact: Dr. Michael E. Webber http://www.webberenergygroup.com The Webber Energy Group analyzes energy problems at the intersection of science, engineering, and public policy. Sample research topics include: biofuels; waste-to-energy; energy and security; green design; energy in Texas, the nexus of energy and food; and the nexus of water and energy. 133