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Home , Amesbury Priory, Bailiwick, Croxden Abbey, Denny Abbey, Joan of the Tower

323

Index

Elizabeth de is indexed under Clare, her natal name, with her parents and siblings, and mentioned under her husbands Burgh, Verdon and Damory. A refer- ence simply to ‘Elizabeth’ in a subhead – e.g., ‘Isabella, queen of , and Eliz- abeth’ – means (née Clare), the subject of this book. Index entries beginning with the same name are filed in the : person, institution, place. The year of death is given for individuals who are prominent or share the same name. Italics indicate an illustration. Note that the index follows the author’s North American spellings. abbreviations 253–4 alabaster 94 abduction 16, 23, 60, 100, 101, 318 effigy 63, 71, 318 of Elizabeth 16, 259n.51 goblets 83, 207 Abergavenny 270n.178 Albon, William 204 see also Bergavenny, William Alby, John de 173–4 accounts 7, 72, 73, 118, 128 ale 65, 68, 70, 82, 182 by tally 76, 84 assizes 74 financial year 183n.5 Alexander Romance 236–7 household 5, 26, 29, 40, 69, 71 Alice de Lusignan xix, 6 privy purse 65 husband Gilbert de Clare (d. 1295) xvi, xix, Acre see 5–7, 58 advantage (discount) 82, 83 their daughters 101 advice 59, 183n.4, 211 alien dependencies (religious houses) 8, 37, 155 for king 12, 24, 62 aliens detained or goods confiscated 37, advowsons 54–5, 79, 246, 274n.25 286n.78 age 72, 89 almonds 82, 87 at entering nunnery 111 almonry 88, 162–3, 206, 208 at giving birth 282n.22 almoner 162, 163 at marriage 15, 21, 104, 110 almsgiving 32, 75, 137, 162–4, 177, 287n.89, girls 18, 59, 266n.138 295n.15 coming of 23, 50, 78, 260n.65 altar equipment 94, 162, 206–8 leaving home 7 Alton, Staffs. 17–18, 25 proof of 113, 248, 266n.138 , Wilts. 8, 15–16, 19–20, 36, 99 Agnus Dei xiii, 134, 231, 241n.14, 317 and Elizabeth 257n.26 agriculture 12, 16, 74 anchorites 120, 152, 162 aid (payment) 46, 78, 106, 246 Anne de Lexeden 68, 139, 162, 170 Ailmer, William 159 Matilda of Lancaster 108 Airmyn, William, bishop of Norwich 154 men 120, 162, 208 324 For Her Good Estate angels (images) 71, 94, 127, 205, 206, 228 Baggethorp (Bakethorp), Nicholas de 171 Angers, 171 Baketon, Walter de 171 Anglesey Priory, Cambs. 30, 81, 89, 93, 116, baking 65, 70, 81–2 155–6, 164 away from home 68, 81 Elizabeth’s bequest 205 to feed the poor 88, 294n.12 Elizabeth’s chantry 54, 155–6, 164–5, 346 see also bread Anglo-Norman language 41 Ballinrobe Friary, Connacht 10–11, 78 Annunciation 94, 206, 223, 322 Banchon, Margaret 204, 207 Anstey , Herts. 54, 118 Bannockburn (battle, 1314) 12 antiphoners 198, 200, 203 Bar see Joan of Bar; Renaud de Bar apothecaries 90, 277n.69 Bardfield, Essex 49, 74, 88, 89, 90, 163 archaeology 226, 240n.4 Elizabeth at home 53–4, 80, 102, 126, 137–8, Cambridge 200, 226, 228 171–3, 192 architects 53, 69, 131, 269n.166 church 152, 159, 166, 172 Arderne, William 156 Bardi merchant society 51 armor 106, 180 Bardolf, Thomas 46, 75, 115 Arundel (title) see Fitzalan daughter? 219, 235 Athol (title) see Atthele; Strabolgi son John xvii, 50, 114–15, 269n.175, Atthele, Elizabeth de (née Ferrers), countess 285–6nn.72–3 of Athol xvii, 66, 69, 111–12, 204 family arms 155 1st husband David de Strabolgi xvii, 71, 112, family property 115, 121, 147 119, 284n.57 John’s career 115, 140 2nd husband John Maleweyn 285n.59 John’s wife Elizabeth Damory xvii, 46, attorneys 19, 26, 44, 66, 78, 144, 150 114–16, 203, 293n.54 Audley, Hugh, earl of Gloucester (d. 1347) their daughters Isabel and Agnes xvii, 116, xvi, 20, 22-4, 27-31, 36, 281n.14 203–4, 206 wife Margaret de Clare (d. 1342) 9, 20, 33, their son William xvii, 285n.71 99–100 Barking Abbey, Essex 32, 33–4, 41, 105, 186, their daughter Margaret 56, 101, 104 188n.3 husband Ralph Stafford 56, 101, 104, 140, barley 82, 248 146 Barnwell Priory, near Cambridge 116, 293n.56 augmentation (bonus goods) 83 barrels 82, 85, 88 299n.54 Barton (Berton) by Mildenhall, 143 Austin 10, 104, 128, 173, 228 basins 83, 207, 208 friaries see Ballinrobe; Clare; London; Bassingbourne, Robert and Thomas 150 Walsingham Bassingbourne, Warin de 150–1 canons see Anglesey; Barnwell; Walsingham Bataille, John 145, 150, 208 nunneries see Campsey Ash Bateman, William, bishop of Norwich 154, Aurifaber, Robert and Thomas 93–4, 279n.85 171, 227 Aynel, Laurence 52 bathing facility (stew) 80 Beauchamp, Guy de xvii, 111, 113, 219 bacon 163, 182 wife Philippa (née Ferrers) xvii, 66, 69, 110–11 Badew, Richard 166, 296n.24 their children Katherine and Elizabeth 111 Badlesmere, Bartholomew de (d. 1322) xix, 24 Beauchamp, Thomas de, earl of Warwick 111, wife Margaret de Clare (d. 1334) xix 219 their children xvi, xix, 137–8, 191, 194 Beche, Nicholas de la 52, 268n.163 Index 325

Beche, William de la 180, 181, 183n.4 Black Prince see Edward of Woodstock beef 65, 84, 182 blacksmiths 91, 92 beer see ale Blaenllynfi Castle 37 bells 207, 208 Bletchingdon, Oxon. 68, 75 Elizabeth’s 213–16 Bliberg, John de 171 as instrument 222 Bliss, Mary 213–16 see ; Rowney Blithe, Richard 170, 176 Priory; Stoke by Clare Priory; Swaffham Blount, William le 44, 114 Bulbeck Priory; Usk Priory; Walden Priory wife Margery (née Verdon) 114 Beneyt, William 208 Bluet, Eleanor (Lady) 56, 66, 269n.175 Bere, Richard de la 147 Blyth, Northumberland 106–7 Bergavenny, William 171 boar as gift 148, 155 Berkeley, Lady 56, 269n.175 Bohun cousins as bibliophiles 190–5, 219 Berkeley, Maurice 103, 104, 269n.175, 281n.16 Bohun, Humphrey de, 4th earl of Hereford wife Elizabeth (née Despenser) 103–4, (d. 1322) xvi, 28, 128, 190 266n.131 wife Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, countess of Berkwey, William de 204 Hereford (d. 1316) xvi, 32, 190 Bertrandi, Garner 122 their daughter Margaret, countess of Devon Berwick-on-Tweed 107 (d. 1391) xvi, 56, 138, 192, 193 beryl goblet 208 husband Hugh Courtenay xvi, 190–1, 233 Bible 123, 169, 198, 235, 297n.35 their son Edward (d. 1334) xvi, 190, 191 bibliography 300–13 their son Humphrey, 6th earl of Hereford bibliophiles 183n.3, 190–5, 217–19, 221, 233–7 (d. 1361) xvi, 67, 128, 191, 194 Bicester Priory, Oxon. 68 their son John, 5th earl of Hereford (d. 1336) Bircham see Bricham, Norfolk xvi, 16, 28, 128, 190–1, 233, 289n.101 birds 86 their son William, earl of Northampton bitterns 65, 86, 126, 182 (d. 1360) xvi, 128, 137, 163, 191–4 egrets 56, 65, 126, 182 wife Elizabeth de Badlesmere, countess hawks 86, 106 of Northampton (d. 1356) xvi, 192–3, falcons 86, 102, 145, 268n.163 194, 236-7 lanners 86, 250 their daughter Elizabeth (d. 1385) xvi, goshawks 86, 249 236 sparrowhawks 76, 86, 126, 217, 252 their son Humphrey, 7th earl of Hereford sparrowhawk pyx 203, 206 (d. 1373) xvi, 194, 236, 237 tercels (male hawks) 76, 252 wife Joan Fitzalan (d. 1419) xvi, 237, herons 68, 86, 129 244n.37 as meat 56, 65, 67, 75, 119, 182 daughter Eleanor de Bohun (d. 1399) for royal guests 126, 127 237 larks 86, 276n.52 daughter Mary de Bohun (d. 1394) swans 80, 84, 129 194, 237 as meat 65, 67, 68, 86, 119, 129, 182 Bokenham, Osbert 99 Bisham well, Berks. 36 Bologna, Italy 170 Black Book of Wigmore 185 Bonde, Stephen 71 Black Death (bubonic plague) 56, 65–6, 67–8, books 169, 233–7, 239–40 102–3, 167, 211 by Walter of Milemete 60, 62, 64, 130 326 For Her Good Estate

commissioned 59–60 Bridgnorth, 31 illustrations 57, 61 Bromholm Priory, Norfolk 159 Contra Pelagianos (‘Against the Pelagians’) Brompton, William de 264n.107 169, 171 John the 208 Elizabeth’s 169, 171–2, 233–4 Brotherton, Thomas de, earl of Norfolk 193 bequest to Clare Hall 197–200 Bruce, Edward 12–13 given to Clare Hall 170, 172 Bruce, Robert, king of Scotland 12, 44, 64 given to individuals 110 in Ireland 13, 40, 106–7 Vitae patrum (‘Lives of the ’) wife Elizabeth de Burgh (d. 1327) 10, 13 169 their son David 44 see also bibliophiles Bruisyard Abbey, Suffolk 108 boots and shoes 53, 95, 111, 279n.91 Brune, Nicholas de 172 Boroughbridge (battle, 1322) 32, 33, 190, 191 bubonic plague see Black Death Botelar, John 299n.1 Buckingham, Thomas 199 boundary dispute 52 buge (lambskin) 284n.57 Bourne, Bartholomew 153 building work 53, 152, 238 Bousser, John de 186, 187 builders 55 Bousser, Robert 148 new buildings 69, 271n.194 bows sold 30 Bures, Robert de 220 boxes 207, 208 son Andrew 149, 151, 181, 220 chest 243n.23 Burgh, Elizabeth de (d. 1327), queen of Boys, John du 170 Scotland 10, 13 Bradwardine, Thomas, of Burgh, Elizabeth de (d. 1360) see Clare, Canterbury 169, 171–2, 174, 199, 237 Elizabeth de Brampton, John 264n.110 Burgh, Elizabeth de (d. 1363), countess of Brampton, William de 264n.107 Ulster xvi, 49, 78, 107–8, 109, 201 Brandon, Warks. 75–6, 162 husband Lionel of Antwerp xvi, xvii, 49, 67, Braose, William de 28, 35, 187 108, 127, 220, 321 bread 66, 70, 82, 182 their daughter Philippa of Clarence xvii, 109 assizes 74 Burgh, Hubert de 106 feeding the poor 88, 163, 294n.12 Burgh, Hugh de 78 as a gift 138, 162 Burgh, John de xvii, 10–11, 257n.28 horse bread 81, 92, 278n.77 wife see Clare, Elizabeth de (also known as see also baking Elizabeth de Burgh) Bredon, Simon de 71, 277n.68 Burgh, Matilda (Maud) de (d. 1320), countess Breton, Robert 299n.1 of Gloucester xvi, 26 Brettenham, Suffolk 36 husband Gilbert de Clare, 8th earl of Glouces- breviaries 132, 170, 194, 235, 244n.37, 286n.80 ter (d. 1314) xvi, xix, 6–7, 9–10, 12, 60, 185 Elizabeth’s 123, 159, 197 Burgh, Matilda (Maud) de (d. 1377) née brewing 65, 70, 80, 82, 152, 246, 275n.34 Lancaster, countess of Ulster xvii, xviii, 78, away from home 82 105, 107–8, 124 Brian, Guy de 146, 270n.188, 280n.5 Burgh, Richard de, earl of Ulster (d. 1326) 10, bribery 143 11, 12, 17–18, 40, 105, 258n.36 forbidden 144 his daughter Elizabeth (d. 1327), queen of Bricham (Bircham), Norfolk 54–5 Scotland 10, 13 Index 327

Burgh, William de, earl of Ulster (d. 1333, son candlesticks 206, 207, 208 of Elizabeth) xvii, 18, 32, 45–6, 105–7, 181, for paschal candle 208 288n.92 Canterbury, Kent 20–1, 69, 153, 158–9 in Ireland 44, 45, 48, 64 capons 84, 182, 247 in Scotland 107, 138 Cardiff, Glam. 29 wife Matilda of Lancaster (d. 1377) xvii, 78, Carlisle, Cumbd. 145 105, 107–8, 124 carpenters 65, 75, 94, 107, 238 their daughter Elizabeth (d. 1363) xvi, 49, carriages 78, 107–9 carts and wagons 67–8, 70, 83, 91, 156, 209 their daughters Margaret and Isabella coaches (chariots) 70, 91–2, 115, 130, 203, 283n.45 209, 319 Burgh, William Liath de (d. 1323/4) 282n.33 see also horses; marshalsea Burghersh, Bartholomew de xix[n.], 102–3, Carrickfergus 107 146 120 wife Elizabeth (née Verdon) 18, 23, 114 carts and wagons 67–8, 70, 83, 91, 156, 209 Burghersh, Henry de, 52, Cary, Thomas 146 114, 145, 153, 170–1, 193 Castle Rising, Norfolk 238 Burton, William de 94 Catherine of Alexandria, St 221, 237, 316, Bury St Edmunds 88, 93, 143, 152 321, back cover Buskeby, Richard de 208 Catoun, Thomas 181 Butler, James, 1st earl of Ormond 138 Cattiwade, Suffolk 89 Bykerton, Walter de 174 cattle 53, 76, 143 drives 67, 76, 83 Caerleon, Gwent 22, 49, 76, 80, 103, 181 Cavendish, John 143–4 Caerphilly Castle, Glam. 6, 29, 43, 57, 80, Cavendish, Suffolk 148 102, 317 Caversham, Oxon. 158 Cambridge 138, 228–9 Caythorpe, Lincs. 35, 48, 52, 53, 75, 127 Castle 150 censer (incense burner) 206 maps 241nn.9-10 chalices 94, 162, 206–8 St John Zachary church xiii, 134, 228–9 King John Cup 223, 237–8, 244n.40, 322 St John’s Hospital xiii, 164, 231 Chancery 96, 263n.99 schooling 93, 164 officials 145, 186 Stourbridge fair 85, 151 Chandler, John 208 University 54, 133, 167–9, 226–7, 319 chantries 55, 108, 149, 164, 193, 247 Clare Hall see Clare College Elizabeth remembered 176, 194 King’s Hall 133, 170, 227 Elizabeth’s 54, 98, 107, 155–6, 164–5, 175, Michaelhouse 227 346 Hall 227, 228, 229 for Mary at Anglesey 54, 155–6, University Hall see Clare College 164–5, 346 see also Clare College; Corpus Christi College; for Gilbert de Clare 98, 282n.32, 295n.20, Gonville College; Pembroke College 349 Campsey Ash Priory, Suffolk 70, 108, 116, for William de Burgh 107 271n.200 Matilda Ufford’s for her family 108 Candlemas (Purification) 20, 54, 84, 89, 174 Robert de Cheddeworth’s for John de Vere candles 88–9 149 paschal 231 Roger Damory’s for Edward II 164 328 For Her Good Estate

William Bohun’s for Edward III and livery 53, 96, 118, 142 others 193 visitors 110, 116, 125, 145, 293n.55 chapels 94–5 churching of mothers (purification) 19–20, chalices 94, 162, 206–8 109, 165 statues xiii, 120, 122, 126, 224 churchmen 153–7 chaplains 122, 138, 153, 176, 193 cider 83 Elizabeth’s 94, 159, 206 18, 120 her chantry 155–6, 165 Clare family arms x–xi charcoal manufacture 74, 76, 273n.6 Clare, St 132 Charer, Richard le 209 Clare, Eleanor de (d. 1337) xvi, xix, 8–9, 22, 24, chargers (destriers) 90, 91, 248, 278n.72 36, 64 chargers (tableware) 182, 206, 207, 208 1st husband Hugh Despenser junior 8–9, 13, chariots 70, 91–2, 115 22, 280n.5 Charles IV, king of France 37, 38, 218 their daughter Isabella 42 Charman, Alexander 208 their daughters Margaret, Eleanor and Charman, Thomas 208 Joan 42 chastity, vow of 3, 47–8, 111, 117, 119, 178, 2nd husband William la Zouche 100, 280n.5 267n.147 their son William 75 chasubles (vestments) 205, 223 and Queen Isabella 13, 36–7, 42, 99, 123 Chaucer, Geoffrey 203, 240n.1, 283n.45, and 42, 67, 99 299n.54 Clare, Elizabeth de (also known as Elizabeth de chaufepoyntz (warming utensils?) 208 Burgh), lady of Clare (d. 1360) 3, 5–9, 32, Cheddeworth, Robert de 35, 40, 149, 183n.4, 98–9, 234 260n.58 1st husband John de Burgh xvii, 10–11, during the invasion 42, 181 257n.28 Cheddeworth, Thomas de 35, 49, 149, 170, 2nd husband Theobald de Verdon x, xi, xvii, 183n.4 16–19, 259n.51 Elizabeth’s 1326 testament 180, 185 3rd husband Roger Damory xvii, 18–22, and Ireland 45, 106 28–33, 40, 164, 261n.66 Cheiner, Thomas 95 arms () 207, 317 chest 243n.23 arrested and confined 32, 34, 186 chickens 84 and Edward II 16, 18, 24, 34–5, 44, 186–7 Chicksands Priory, Beds. 68 and Edward III 44, 66–7 Chikewell, Roger de 153 friends 117–18, 139–40 children 18, 116, 164 female 118–24, 138 childhood 10, 99, 108 male 124–7, 192 in Elizabeth’s household 79, 111–12, 140, 151 her books 169, 171–2, 233–4 imprisoned 32–3 left to Clare Hall 197–200 Chipham, John de 204 her council 4, 12, 76–7, 96–7, 186–7 chivalric ideals 175–6, 217, 238 members 53, 92, 96, 144, 149–51, 183n.4, Christmastide 89, 222 279n.93 feasts 181–2 her devotion to the Virgin Mary viii, xiii, 116, boar 155, 182 126, 159, 165, 232 swan 86, 182 her domestic arrangements see household venison 85, 182 departments Index 329

her household 53–4, 88, 96–7 Clare, Margaret de (d. 1342; daughter of her lands and income 22–3, 49–52, 73–8 Gilbert d. 1295) xvi, 9, 20, 24, 33, 36, 99–101 her London home 54, 69–70, 192 1st husband Piers Gaveston, earl of Cornwall her pattern of travel 54, 66-9, 269n.168 9, 14, 59, 99 her testament (1326) 33–4, 41, 180, 185–8 their daughter Joan 14, 15–16, 36 her will and testament (1355) 55, 72, 122, 2nd husband Hugh Audley, earl of Gloucester 202–9, 233 20, 28, 36, 281n.14 books left to Clare Hall 197–200 their daughter Margaret 56, 101, 104 bequests to religious houses xiii, 8, 155, 162, husband Ralph Stafford 56, 101, 104, 140, 165, 174, 193 146 and Hugh Despenser junior 33–4, 41, 72, 118, Clare, Richard de (d. 1262), 6th earl of 123, 180, 185–8 Gloucester xix independent spirit 34, 48, 119, 141, 178 Clare, Richard de (d. 1318), lord of Thomond as lady of Clare 98, 176, 225 xix men-at-arms and archers 181, 192 Clare, Richard de (fl. 1323), Master 186, portrait 225, 316, front cover 297n.36 and Queen Isabella 19, 29, 44–5, 71, 121–4 Clare, Thomas de (d. 1275), lord of Thomond the invasion 41, 180–2 xix reputation, death and burial 72, 175–9 Clare, Thomas de (d. 1321), lord of Thomond seals viii–xiii, 316 xix Clare, Gilbert de, 7th earl of Gloucester Clare, Thomas, of Walsingham 293n.55 (d. 1295, the ‘red earl’) xvi, xix, 5–7, 58, 64 Clare College, Cambridge 55, 134, 136, 178, 1st wife see Alice of Lusignan 200, 225 2nd wife see Joan of Acre arms xi Clare, Gilbert de, 8th earl of Gloucester choir 136, 225, 320 (d. 1314) xvi, xix, 6–7, 9–10, 12, 60, 185 Clare Hall (1346) 11, 56, 94, 134, 153, wife Matilda (Maud) de Burgh, countess of 167–9, 320 Gloucester (d. 1320) xvi, 26 benefactors 1, 99, 168–9 Clare, Gilbert de, lord of Thomond (d. 1307) books given to 170, 172, 197–200 xix Borden’s Hostel 298n.47 Clare, Margaret de (d. 1334; daughter of Elizabeth’s bequests 205, 206 Thomas) xix 165, 167–8, 170, 172, 200 2nd husband Bartholomew de Badlesmere Clare Hall (1966) 229 (d. 1322) xix Elizabeth’s bell 213–16 daughter Elizabeth, countess of Northamp- Master’s Old Book 197–200 ton (d. 1356) xvi, 191, 192, 194 seal viii, ix, xii, xiii, 230–3, 316–17 1st husband Edmund Mortimer 137 site 134, 228–9 2nd husband William de Bohun xvi, 137, statutes 5, 25–6, 167–9, 210–12, 229–30 191–2 University Hall (1326) 54–5, 121, 134, daughter Margery, Lady de Roos xix, 138 166–8, 173, 211, 227–8 daughter Maud(e), countess of Oxford xix, Clare, Suffolk 73–4, 152 137 Augustinian Friary 8, 98–9, 102, 150, son Giles xix 154–6, 193 Clare Castle 22, 25, 30, 40, 49, 80, front endpaper 330 For Her Good Estate

Elizabeth’s main home 53–4 Common Pleas (Common Bench; law court) excavation 226 142, 143, 144, 168 grammar school 152 companions 116, 124, 138–40 honor courts 78, 151 Comyn, Elizabeth 37 Claret, Essex 115 confectionery 82, 87 clarey (wine) 83 Connacht 10, 48, 77–8 clasps (brooches) 94, 194, 205–7 Contra Pelagianos 169, 171–2, 199 cleaning 65, 88–9, 152, 156 Contrariants 30, 31, 50, 128, 183, 247 Clement, Simon 153 see Campsey Ash; Gilbertine Order; clerics 153–7 Minoresses Clif, William de 186, 187 Conyngton, Richard de 173 Clopton, William de 148 copes (vestments) 221, 223 Clopton, Suffolk 50, 76, 115 copyists, possibly 173 cloth 94–5, 106, 115, 118, 203–5, 286n.77 corpse laundry 89, 107, 277n.66 incorrupt 99 russet 48, 76, 95, 279n.90 unburied 15 cloth of gold 95, 152, 154, 155, 205 Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 135, 227, clothes 48, 95, 118–19 228, 236 in Elizabeth’s will 203–5 Cosmati pavement, Westminster 58, 317 leather jackets 180 costrels (travel flasks) 88, 247 see also livery (uniform) costs see prices and costs Cluniacs see Bromholm Priory Cotellar, Thomas 151 Clyn, 48 council, Elizabeth’s 4, 12, 76–7, 96–7, 186–7 coaches 130, 203, 209, 319 members 53, 92, 96, 144, 149–51, 183n.4, coal 88, 251, 277n.60 279n.93 charcoal 74, 76, 273n.6 Countess Elizabeth see Bohun, Humphrey de, coastal defenses 39, 74, 115 son William, wife Elizabeth de Badlesmere, Cobham, Thomas, 25–6, countess of Northampton; Burgh, Elizabeth 168, 221 de, countess of Ulster; Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, Coggeshall, John 147 Princess, countess of Hereford coins 183n.7, 272n.1 couriers 42, 92, 101, 118, 119, 180–1, 191 Colecestre, William de 208 Simon Courier 181 colleges see Cambridge, University; Clare Courtenay, Hugh, earl of Devon xvi, 190–1, College; Corpus Christi College; Gonville 233 College; Pembroke College wife Margaret (née Bohun), countess of Devon see also Windsor, College of St George (d. 1391) xvi, 56, 138, 192, 193 Colpeper, Walter 147 Cranborne, Dorset 22, 49, 71, 180 Colyngham, Henry de 49, 106 Cranborne Chase 75, 85 commissions and commissioners 52–3, 142, Crauden, Prior John of 55, 131, 154, 238 146, 147, 151, 157 Crophull, John de 114 of array 51, 147, 192 wife Margery (née Verdon) 18, 26, 44, 113–14 of oyer and terminer 53, 115, 143–4, 146, crops fail 12 149–50 crossbows 30 survey of Clare Hall 144 crosses (crucifixes) 206 True Cross relic 120, 125, 159, 206, 252 Index 331

Croxden Abbey, Staffs. 18 Despenser, Edward (d. 1342) xix, 102 cruets 207, 208 wife Anne Ferrers 102 altar 206, 208 their son Edward Despenser (d. 1375) xix, see also salt cellars 102–3, 217, 282n.22, 320 57, 124, 125, 193, 235 Despenser, Eleanor (daughter of Hugh junior) cruskyns (jars) 83 103 crystal 206 Despenser, Eleanor (wife of Hugh junior) see Culpho, William de 153 Clare, Eleanor de (d. 1337) cups 19, 83, 88, 182, 206–8 Despenser, Elizabeth (d. 1359; née Montague) chalices or ciboria 94, 127, 162, 206–8 71, 102 King John Cup 223, 237–8, 244n.40 1st husband Giles de Badlesmere (d. 1338) currants 87 xix Cursoris, David 71 2nd husband Hugh Despenser III (d. 1349) xix, 71, 102 damoiselles (damsels) 138–9 3rd husband Guy de Brian (d. 1390) 146, Damory, Elizabeth (d. 1360, wife of Roger) 270n.188 see Clare, Elizabeth de (also known as Despenser, Gilbert 56, 103 Elizabeth de Burgh) Despenser, Hugh I senior (d. 1326) 8, 35, 42 Damory, Elizabeth (d. 1362, daughter of Despenser, Hugh II junior (d. 1326) xvi, xix, Elizabeth) xvii, 46, 50, 91, 109, 115–16, 8–9, 22, 42, 50, 103–4 266n.138 and Edward II 25, 26–30, 35, 37–8, 181 husband John Bardolf xvii, 46, 114–16, 121, and Elizabeth 33–4, 41, 72, 118, 123, 180, 147, 219 185–8 Damory, Nicholas 75, 85, 114, 143, 207 the Gower lands 28, 34–5, 123, 186–7 Damory, Richard 271n.189, 285n.67 and Tewkesbury Abbey 217, 270n.188, Damory, Roger (d. 1322) xvii, 18–22, 28–33, 280n.5, 320 40, 164, 261n.66 wardship of Laurence Hastings 37, 50 arms x wife Eleanor (née Clare) xvi, xix, 8–9, 13, 22, and the Despensers 123, 186 24 his debts 45, 50, 51 their daughter Elizabeth (husband Maurice his lands 22–3, 24, 25, 26, 30, 34–6 Berkeley) 103–4, 266n.131 indentures (1317) 24–5 their daughter Isabella (husband Richard wife Elizabeth de Burgh (née Clare) 19–27, Fitzalan) 103 188n.3 their daughters Eleanor, Joan and Margaret dates (dried fruit) 86 42, 103, 265n.131 David and the Philistines 60, 317 their sons see Despenser, Edward (d. 1342); decretals 198–9, 200 Despenser, Hugh III (d. 1349) deer 80 Despenser, Hugh III (d. 1349) xix, 43, 56, 66, hunts 85–6, 217 102, 270n.188 Dene, Henry 67, 85 and Elizabeth 102, 217 Dengayne, John 147, 296n.27 and Tewkesbury Abbey 64, 67, 71, 217 Denny Abbey, Cambs. 54–5, 70, 120–1, 132, wife Elizabeth Montague (Montacute) 71, 271n.200, 286n.81, 319 102, 217 Dereham Abbey, Norfolk 67, 156, 293n.56, Devon (title) see Bohun, Humphrey de 295n.20 daughter Margaret; Courtenay, Hugh 332 For Her Good Estate devotions 54 boys 7, 153, 166 diamond 94, 206 Education of the Virgin Mary 135, 320 Diccus, John 185 girls 8, 135 discount 82 poor students 93, 152–3, 164, 166–7, 174, augmentation 83 280n.93 disease 65, 71 Edward I, king of England xvi, 5–7, 8–10, 133 medication 89–90 Edward II, king of England xvi, 22, 27, 36, 39 murrain (horses) 91 and Cambridge 133, 227 murrain (sheep) 16, 250, 278n.73 and Elizabeth 16, 18, 24, 34–5, 44, 186–7 plague (Black Death) 56, 65–6, 67–8, 102–3, and the Marcher lords 28–33 167, 211, 270n.178 and Piers Gaveston 9, 13–15 typhoid 18 and Queen Isabella 39, 41–3, 59, 180–1 disseisin 248 replaced, killed and buried 43–4, 63, 123 novel 35, 52, 187, 250 Edward III, king of England xvi, 43–4, 46–7, Ditton, William de 204, 208 130, 233 dogs 81 and Cambridge 133, 227 hunting with 81, 83, 85–6, 106, 217, 320 and Elizabeth 44, 48–52, 66–7, 127–8, 181 spaniels 108 as prince 38, 43 domestic arrangements see household seal xiii, 200, 317 departments Edward of Woodstock, the Black Prince xvi, 3, Dominicans 173, 299n.54 217, 238, 320 friaries 15, 135, 137, 193, 194, 237 and Elizabeth 85, 125–7, 140, 206, 217 Dorset bailiwick of Elizabeth’s lands 75, 146 Eleanor of Brittany, of Fontevrault xviii Cranborne 22, 49, 71, 85 , queen of England x, xvi, 5, drag, silver-gilt 207 57, 58, 98, 217, 234 drage (barley/oat mix) 82, 248 , queen of England xviii dress see clothes Eleanor, see also Bluet, Eleanor; Clare, Eleanor drovers 76, 83 de; Zouche, Eleanor Drueys, Alison and Johanette 204, 207 Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, Princess (d. 1316) xvi, Dunluce Castle, Antrim 11 32, 190, 219, 234 Dunmow, Essex 165 1st husband John, count of Holland (d. 1299) Durem, Edmund 148 xvi Duton, Hugh de 173 2nd husband Humphrey, 4th earl of Hereford Duxford (Duxworth), Cambs. 54–5 (d. 1322) xvi, 28, 128, 190 Dyn, John 148 Ely, Cambs. 130, 131 Priory (Cathedral) 54–5, 131, 154, 164, 238, Earl William see Bohun, Humphrey, son 319 William (d. 1360) embroidery 94–5, 130, 203, 205, 234 East Anglia (Clare) bailiwick of Elizabeth’s opus anglicanum 95, 130, 221, 223, 237, lands 73–5 back cover Eastertide 54, 174, 177, 231, 269n.166 employment 3, 12, 152 Edington, William, bishop of Winchester 145 enamelwork 194, 206–8, 223, 237 Edmund of Langley, duke of York xvi enameler hired 94 Edmund of Woodstock, earl of Kent 46 enfeoffment 248 education 121, 221 and Elizabeth 49, 71 Index 333

Engaine, John de 193 Assumption 126 210, 212, 214 Conception 125 rarely 242n.19 Purification (Candlemas) 20, 54, 84, 89, 174 entails 6, 66 feasts 54, 86, 126, 181–2 and women 2 on journey 67, 68 Erbury, Suffolk 74 special guests 56, 86, 119, 125, 129 Ereswell, Peter de 94, 203, 204, 207 feeding the poor 54, 123, 152, 162–3 escheat 51, 100, 261n.71 on fixed days 81, 163 escheators 44, 112, 146–8, 150, 248 feedstuffs 82 Escrick, Yorks. 26 horses 81, 92 estate officials 76–7 swans 84 Everdon, William de 145 Felsted, Richard 69, 271n.194 Evesham, Richard de 153 Ferrers, Henry (d. 1343) xvii, 49, 52, 109–10, , Worcs. 56, 67, 156 146, 268n.163, 273n.12 Ewer, Nicholas le 83 wife Isabella de Verdon xvii, 44, 46, 66, 68–9, Ewer, Reginald le 83, 270n.180 109–11, 113 ewers 207, 208 their daughter Elizabeth de Atthele Exchequer 22, 96 (d. 1375) xvii, 66, 69, 110–12 debts to 35, 227, 264n.113 husband David de Strabolgi xvii, 71, 112, officials 144, 145 119, 284n.57 Exchequer, Irish 51, 78 their daughter Philippa (d. 1384) xvii, 66, 69, exhumation 99 102, 110–11 Eynesham, Robert de 147 husband Guy de Beauchamp xvii, 111, 113, 219 faggot-stackers 95 their son William (d. 1371) xvii, 66, 68, 102, falcons see birds 109, 112–13 familia 248, 270n.175 1st wife Margaret Ufford (d. 1368) xvii Elizabeth’s 70, 74, 90, 149–52, 170–1 their daughter Elizabeth (b. c.1359) xvii, relatives 56, 101–4, 111–12, 114–16, 138 113 staff 71, 149–50, 152, 170–1, 270n.188, their daughter Margaret (b. c.1347) xvii 277n.68 their son Henry (b. c.1355) xvii, 113 family pride 99 2nd wife Margaret Percy (d. 1375) 285n.63 famine 12, 18 and William de Burgh 106 Farnham Verdon, Bucks. 75, 86, 150 ferrying 67 farriers 91, 92 of cattle 76 feastdays 54 feudal rights 78–9 All Souls 163 figs 86–7 Christmas 53, 85, 86, 89, 118, 181–2 financial year 183n.5 Corpus Christi 54, 85, 159 Finchingfelde, Walter de 148 Easter 54, 174, 177, 231, 269n.166 Finchingfield, Essex 145 Epiphany 85, 86 fish 66, 84–5, 276n.47 Michaelmas 21, 48, 183n.5, 184n.9 bream 66, 85, 115, 123, 276n.44 Pentecost 159, 174 cod 85, 276n.47 St Gregory 32, 163 cropling 85, 252 Virgin Mary (Our Lady) 126 eels 66, 84, 88, 252 334 For Her Good Estate

herring 74, 84–5, 88, 163, 250 Freckenham, Suffolk 74, 84 lampreys 84, 94 free will 171, 174, 188, 199 mackerel 85, 276n.47 Freeman, Joseph, portrait of Elizabeth de Burgh pike 66, 84–5, 119, 283n.37 225, 316, front cover salmon 66, 67, 76, 84, 125 169, 185, 188, 202, 297n.35 shellfish 85 Anglo-French 197–8, 201n.3 skate 317 Anglo-Norman 41 stockfish 85, 252 occasional 242n.19 sturgeon 26, 85 Freynch, Stephen 94 turbot 85, 276n.47 friars 192–3 fisheries 39, 77, 84, 164 resented 165 fishponds 80, 84, 138 see also Augustinians, Austin friars; Fitzalan, Richard, 3rd earl of Arundel (d. 1376) Dominicans; xix, 103, 138, 233, 236 friendships 117–18, 137–40 1st wife Isabel (née Despenser), countess of Bohun family 128, 137 Arundel (d. 1356) xix, 103 124, 125–7 daughter Joan (d. 1419) xvi, 236, 237, Henry of Lancaster 124–5 244n.37 121–4 son Richard (d. 1397) xvi, 236 Joan of Bar 121–2 Fitzmaurice, Juliana xix Mary de St Pol 118–21 FitzWauter, Lady 94, 138 royal family 127–8 FitzWauter, Thomas 138 Friskeneye, Thomas de 296n.27 Fleming (Flemengs), Robert 71, 208, 270n.178 frugality and thrift 79, 88, 91 Flete, John de 146 fruit 83, 86 flour 81, 88 dried 82, 83, 86–7 Foliot, Richard 219 grapes 83 Fontevrault Abbey, France xviii, 8 orchards 74, 86 food 65, 86–7, 129 pomegranates 86 supplies 70, 88 fuel supplies 74, 76, 88 footwear 53, 95, 111, 279n.91 Fulburn, John de 173 Fotheringhay, Northants. 54 funerals 44, 71, 101 fowl 84 and paupers 163, 202 foxes 86 Furnivall, Thomas 18 France 36–9, 84, 218, 235–6 wife Joan (née Verdon) 18 Edward II’s visit 27 furs 89, 112, 220 Gascony 27, 36, 37, 38, 82 ermine 115 wars with 113, 126, 191–2, 238 fox 276n.50 Franciscans 116, 120, 121, 123, 173–4, 299n.54 minever/squirrel 89, 203 friaries 55 rabbit 79, 84, 276n.42 Cambridge 222 London 11, 71, 235 gambling 158 Walsingham xiii, 55, 93, 160–1, 165, 193 game birds see bitterns; egrets; herons; swans York 14, 15 garments see clothes; livery friars’ expertise 194 Garter, Order of the 104, 119, 191 Second Order () see Minoresses College of St George 127, 206 Index 335

Gascony 27, 36, 37, 38, 82 venison 85, 150 Gaveston, Piers, earl of Cornwall (d. 1312) wine 66, 83, 109, 126, 138, 162, 163, 172 xvi, 59, 317 Gilbertine Order 103 and Edward II, king of England 9, 13–15 Chicksands Priory 68 wife Margaret de Clare 9, 14, 59 Shouldham Priory 111 daughter Joan 14, 15–16, 36 , Somerset 75, 100 geese 84 glossary 246–52 gems see jewelry and gems Gloucester (title) see Audley; Clare, Gilbert; gender 178 Clare, Richard gifts 53, 101, 108–9, 115, 137, 140 Gloucester () 214 accoutrements 111, 112, 191 goats 84, 276n.41 ale 153, 162 goblets 94, 206, 208 at homage 45 alabaster 83, 207 bitterns 86 beryl 208 boar 148, 155 jasper 83, 94, 208 books 57, 59, 62, 110, 172, 219, 235 Godewyk, Robert 173 building work 110, 162 God’s penny 83, 249, 275n.37 cloth 109, 118–19, 162, 286n.77 gold 93, 94 clothing 111, 112, 115, 155 cloth of gold 95, 152, 154, 155, 205 deer (bucks) 153 cups and chalices 51, 127, 206 falcon 268n.63 King John Cup 223, 237–8, 244n.40, 322 fish 103, 115, 123, 162, 293n.55 rings 128, 206 food 109, 138, 148, 162 statues 122, 159 furs 89, 112, 115 Golden legend (Voragine) 198 game 70, 86, 128, 138, 171, 199 goldsmiths (aurifabri) 55, 93–4, 122, 233, goats 84, 276n.41 242n.21 gold or silver 191 Goldyngham, John de 148 harness 112 Gonville, Edmund 135, 227 hens 155 Gonville College, Cambridge 227 herons 86 Goodrich Castle, Wales 37 horses 91, 109, 150, 180 Gough, John 67, 181, 183n.4, 208, 270n.178 hunting privileges 148, 150 Gower, Glam. 28, 34–5, 39, 186–8 land or property 164, 166 exchanged for Usk under duress 34, 39, 45, money 69, 77, 93, 115, 152, 162, 172, 174 49, 100, 123, 186–7 money to justices 142–4 198, 203 parrots 94, 138 grain 82, 151, 209 peacocks 86 crops 74, 75, 76 royal 9, 21, 22, 24–5, 35–6 sacks 88 sandals, shoes and boots 95, 111, 112, 155 storage 65, 82 schooling 152 grampus 85 services 109, 138, 162 Gransden, Hunts. 54–5 tips 53, 83, 153 Gravesend, Steven, 154, 170 to family 111, 112, 115 green (colour) 278n.82 to peers 83, 148 136 to the poor see almsgiving Grene, John atte 55 336 For Her Good Estate

Grey, John de 100 holidays (holy days) 65, 85–6, 167–9 Grey, Thomas de 148 Holton, Oxon. 186 Grosmont, Henry of see Lancaster, Henry of Holy Land (Palestine) 5, 128, 193, 202 (d. 1361), 4th earl and 1st duke holy water pot and sprinkler 207, 208 Gwynllwg, Wales 27 homage 22, 45, 106 by female landholders 2, 7, 44, 100, 127 hagiography 198, 200 to the French king 27, 38 Hainauters 41–2 homelessness 164 Count William 38 honor courts 78, 151 Philippa, queen of England xvi, 1, 38, 127, Horsele (Horslee), Joan de 204 287n.88 Horsele, John de 24, 35, 89, 106, 147, 181, Haliwell, Katherine de 138 183n.4 Hall, William atte 93 horses 7, 77, 90–1, 129 Hallaton, Leics 23, 26, 36, 75 destriers 90, 91, 248, 278n.72 Hammond, John 87 hackneys 68, 91, 249, 294n.7 Harleton, John de 172 harness 130, 319 harp 127, 222 horse bread 81, 92, 278n.77 Harper, Adam 107 horseshoes 278n.75 Hastings, John de 8 names 91, 150 Hastings, Laurence, earl of Pembroke 37, 50, palfreys 91, 101, 138, 148, 251 128, 153 sumpters 91, 252 Hawkedon, Suffolk 74 treats 113, 129, 137 hawks see birds see also marshalsea Heannier, Adam le 106 Hosteller, John le 163 Hedingham, Essex 137 Hours, books of 194–5, 218, 235 heiresses 2, 8, 15–16, 18, 22 household departments 81, 96–7, 246 the Clare sisters 13, 22 buttery 82–3 Henry of Grosmont see Lancaster, Henry of chamber 96, 246, 247 (d. 1361), 4th earl and 1st duke almonry 88, 162–3 Henry III, king of England xviii marshalsea 70, 90–3 hens, pullets and capons 84 specialisms 93–6 herald 107 wardrobe 68, 78, 89, 96, 106, 246, 252 Hereford 66 chandlery 88–9 Cathedral 94, 205, 223 kitchen 83–8 recluse 162 larder 65, 82–4 shrine of St Thomas 207 poultry 84, 86, 88 Hereford (title) see Bohun, Humphrey de (and saucery 80, 87, 89, 246 his family) pantry 65, 70, 81–2, 92, 163 heriot 77, 249 laundry 89 heritage see inheritance Huguccio, De vocabulis 198, 200 see anchorites Hundon, Suffolk 70, 74 Hethe, Oxon. 68 horses pastured 90, 91 Higham Ferrers, Northants. 105, 288n.92 hunting 85–6, 217, 237–8 Highnam Court, Glos. 213 at Bardfield 80, 85 Holand, Thomas 288n.98 at Cranborne Chase 75, 85 Index 337

at Hundon 70, 85 iron 22, 91 at Tonbridge 74, 85 ironworks 75 at Trelleck 65, 66, 76, 85, 103 Isabel(la), abbess of Amesbury xviii, 20, 158 by guests 66, 124, 126, 127, 148, 150 Isabel Bardolf xvii, 116, 203, 206 with dogs 81, 83, 85–6, 106, 217, 320 Isabel de Beaumont xviii with falcons/hawks 54, 86, 217, 238, 288n.96, Isabel de Clare (daughter of Richard) xix 320 Isabel Despenser xix, 103 royal rights 29, 130 Isabel Morley 204 unlawful 39 Isabella, daughter of Alice de Lusignan xix huntsmen, professional 75, 85–6, 89, 92 Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358) Husee, Mark 114 xvi, 1, 14, 59, 60, 235, 238, 266n.134, 317 wife Margery (née Verdon) 114 and the Despensers 123 and Eleanor (née Clare) 13, 36–7 Iceland 85 and Elizabeth 19, 29, 44–5, 71, 121–4 Ilketshall, Suffolk 50, 74, 76, 115, 170 in France 36–8, 41, 118, 121, 218, 321 illness see disease husband see Edward II, king illuminated manuscripts 194–5, 233–7, 239–40 invades and takes power 39, 41–4, 62, 180–1 illuminators 93, 173, 174, 194–5, 278n.82 and Mortimer (d. 1330) 1, 38, 43–4, 46–7 illustration list 316–22 Isabella, see also Lancaster, Isabella de; Valence, images see illuminated manuscripts; seals; Isabella de; Verdon, Isabella de statues; windows incense 94, 206 jasper cups or goblets 83, 94, 208 incest 36 jewelry and gems 55, 94, 120, 186, 194, 287n.90 incomes 73 clasps 94, 194, 205–7 indulgences 98, 155, 249 Joan of Acre (née Plantagenet), countess of sermons 25, 168, 171, 175, 261n.75, 280n.3, Gloucester (d. 1307) xvi, xix, 5–8, 57–8 281n.18 1st husband Gilbert de Clare (d. 1295) xvi, infirmary (hospital) 89–90 xix, 6–7, 58 Ingham, Katherine de, widow of John 138 2nd husband Ralph de Monthermer 7–8 inheritance 2, 13, 50, 101, 122 incorrupt corpse 99 by enfeoffment 49 independent spirit 6, 7, 8 Elizabeth’s heritage 34, 175, 186–7 remembered by Elizabeth 25, 98–9 minors 66, 113 Joan of Bar, countess of Surrey (d. 1361) xvi, 41, and widows 33 117, 135, 140, 159, 235 intellectual life vii, 121, 173–4, 237 and Elizabeth 121–3, 206 and Elizabeth 124, 126, 166–8, 169–74, 177 husband John de Warenne, 7th earl of Surrey invasions 51, 192 (d. 1347) xvi, 14, 23, 25, 218–19, 227 of England by Isabella 41–3, 62, 100, 180–1 seal 218, 321 of Ireland by Bruce 12–13, 19, 45 Joan of Kent, countess of Kent (d. 1385) 127, Ipswich, Suffolk 85 288n.98 Ireland 10–12 Joan, queen of Castile, countess of Ponthieu and Elizabeth 49, 51, 77–8 (d. 1279) 5–6 and Thomas de Cheddeworth 45, 106 Joan (of the Tower), queen of Scotland and William de Burgh 44, 45, 48 (d. 1362) 71, 235 Irish (Kilkenny) bailiwick of Elizabeth’s lands , St 231–2 77–8 338 For Her Good Estate

John the Baptist, St viii, xiii, 134, 159, 206, Lancaster, Thomas of, 2nd earl of Lancaster 228, 230–1 (d. 1322) xviii, 17, 23, 25, 29–31, 32 John the Evangelist, St xiii, 231 Lancombe, Gwent 49, 80 xvi, 69, 85, 126 languages see Anglo-Norman; English; French; John II, duke of Brittany (d. 1305) xviii Latin John II, king of France (d. 1364) 235, 238 lanner falcons 86, 250 judges, friendly to Elizabeth 142–5 Latin 169–70, 185, 210–11, 212, 213, 232, justice 33–4, 41, 141 242n.19 latrines cleaned 65, 89 Kelleshull, Richard de 144 laundry 89, 107, 277n.66 Kenilworth, Warks. 42, 69, 105 law 33, 41 Kennington, Surrey 26, 27, 35, 50, 74, 115, broken or ignored 27, 52, 71, 93, 97, 186, 286n.76 188n.6 Kerdyngton, Ralph de 172 lawyers (attorneys) 19, 26, 44, 66, 78, 144, 150 Kilkenny 22, 49, 77, 78 lay subsidies 40, 147, 149, 150, 250 King John Cup 223, 237–8, 244n.40, 322 learning 166–7, 211 Kingeston, Richard de 208 a precious pearl vi, 211 King’s Bench (law court) 142, 143, 145, 168, the sweetness of 121, 167, 177, 211 280n.93 see also education; intellectual life Kirkby Underknoll, Yorks 26 leatherware 92 Kirkeby, Walter de 208 Legenda pulchra 200 kitchen equipment 87–8, 106 bon legende 198 knighting 45–6, 106–7 see also Golden legend Legh, Thomas, of Tewkesbury 67 Lacy, Maud de xix Leland, John (d. 1552) 200 lamb 84 Lenne, John de 68, 162, 170, 204, 207, 280n.93 and cross/flag xiii, 231, 241n.15 Lestourmy, John see Sturmy, John lambskin 284n.57 letters 41–2, 53 Lancaster, Henry of (d. 1345), 3rd earl of Levant wines 83 Lancaster xviii, 43, 44, 73, 124 Lexeden, Anne de 68, 139, 162, 170, 204, 207 daughter Isabel(la) xviii, 20, 158 liberties 52 daughter Matilda (Maud), countess of Ulster libraries 169, 176, 200 (d. 1377) xvii, 78, 107–8, 236 lighting 88–9, 152 1st husband William de Burgh 18, 32, 44, Lincoln 147 45–6, 105–7, 124 Lionel of Antwerp, 1st duke of Clarence their daughter Elizabeth de Burgh xvi, 49, (d. 1368) xvi, xvii, 49, 67, 108, 127, 220, 321 108–9 wife Elizabeth de Burgh, countess of Ulster 2nd husband Ralph Ufford 78, 108 (d. 1363) xvi, 49, 78, 107–8, 109, 201 their daughter Margaret (Maud; d. 1413) Lisle, Thomas de, bishop of Ely 154 108 Litlington, Cambs. 54, 68, 166, 170, 172 Lancaster, Henry of (d. 1361), 4th earl and livery (uniform) 53, 95, 97, 100, 146–7, 220, 1st duke of Lancaster, earl of Derby xviii, 3, 295n.13 52, 124–5, 206 clerk’s 93, 146, 156, 170 also known as Henry of Grosmont 44, 135, cloth 92, 95 203, 227, 236, 320 costs 95, 96 Index 339

damsels 138–9, 162 Maleweyn, John 285n.59 exchanges 118–19 malt and malting 82, 138, 155, 166 ’s 115, 143, 148, 150 Manton, William de 207, 280n.93 livery list 52, 93, 95, 144–7 maps xiv–xv, 229 official’s 77, 142, 145 (title) see Mortimer, Roger (d. 1330) ’s 52, 92, 95, 138, 144, 146, 150 Marcher lords 5, 28–31, 32–3, 80, 190 livestock 16, 74, 76, 83–4, 209 independent spirit 5, 27 Llantrisant, Gwent 49, 56, 80, 262n.85 Mareschal, Piers 186 loans 26, 113, 172, 261n.27, 264nn.111-12 Mareschal, Robert 85, 92–3, 106, 139, 183n.4, by Elizabeth 40, 109, 115 207, 292nn.37-8 loan chests 168, 243n.23, 271n.189 wife Margery 79, 92–3, 139, 279n.89 locks 53, 88 their children Thomas and Elizabeth 93, 139 new key 190 Margaret of , queen of England (d. 1482) Lombard, Peter 173 178 London, John de 280n.93 Margaret of France, queen of England (d. 1318) London 35, 69–70 7, 59, 234–5 Austin friars 193 Margaret, St 237 Clerkenwell 6 Marie-Valence Hall, Cambridge 121 Fleet prison 71 Markeby, John de 93, 94 house beside Minories 54, 69–70, 192 marriage 2, 7, 8–10 Minories 54, 69–70, 72, 113, 138 abduction 16, 259n.51 after Elizabeth’s death 193, 202, 205, 206 arranged or controlled 8, 110, 258n.36 Plessys chantry 176 child 18, 266n.138 St Paul’s Cathedral 54–5, 205 enforced by the king 9, 17, 47 Thames 144 free consent 17 Tottenham 70, 92 marshalsea (stables) 67, 79, 90–2, 145, 246, Tower 38, 42, 100 250 Lords Ordainers 14, 22, 168, 250 accounts 70, 103, 156, 183n.5, 278n.72, 346 Ordinances (reforms) 23, 25 provender 81, 183n.5 Losfever, Robert 93 staff 65, 67, 92–3, 278n.79 Louth, Ireland 17, 45, 77, 265n.124 Martin, Master 101, 281n.17 Loveyn, Thomas 148 Mary (Marie) de St Pol see St Pol loyalty 3, 12, 24, 33, 35, 97, 146 Mary, Princess (d. 1332), xvi, 8, 19–20, doubted 12 61, 99, 122, 158 of Edward II 16 Mary, Virgin viii–ix, xii–xiii, 116, 126, 135, of Elizabeth 71, 176 165, 207, 224, 231, 232 to the king 38 and John at foot of cross 206, 207 Lubeck, Germany 87, 89 with St Anne 135, 320 Lucca, Italy 147 masons 55, 238, 269n.174 Lusignan see Alice de Lusignan master of the works 69 Lutterworth, Leics. 75 Master’s Old Book (Clare Hall) 197–200 Lynn, Norfolk 85, 223, 237–8 maternal care 21, 48, 109, 111, 116, 125 Matilda (Maud) see Burgh; Lancaster madrian 277n.56 Maundy Thursday 163 Maldon, Essex 89 Mauny, Walter 138 340 For Her Good Estate mazers (bowls) 94, 207, 250 gifts to clerics 172, 174 meat 70, 83–4, 87, 88, 182 gifts to friends and relations 109, 115 abstinence from 54 gifts to justices 142–4 Meath 17, 45, 77, 265n.124 letters of credit 186 Medefeld, Alan de 106, 280n.93 Monmouth 6, 42 Medfeld, Roger de 83 Monpynzoun, Eleanor 270n.175 medication 90, 156, 236, 277n.55 Montague (Montacute), William, 1st earl of veterinary 90, 92 Salisbury 18, 25, 46, 66, 102, 138, 240n.2 medicine studied at university 167 wife Joan née Verdon 18, 23, 288n.98 Mediterranean 87 daughter Elizabeth (d. 1359) see Despenser, men’s roles 3–4, 45, 76–7, 88, 96, 173–4 Elizabeth merchants 30, 83, 139, 147, 152 Monteneye, Theobald de 151 Bardi society 51 Monthermer, Edward de xvi, 7, 90, 106, 192, ruined 164 281n.19 Michaelhouse, Cambridge 227 death and obsequies 88, 99, 101–2, 110, 171, Middleton, William 147 192 Midlands (Brandon) bailiwick of Elizabeth’s Monthermer, Joan de xvi, 7 lands 75–6 Monthermer, Lady 56, 66, 269n.175 Milemete, Walter de 60, 62, 318–19 Monthermer, Mary de, countess of Fife xvi, 7, milk 83, 182 281n.8 mills 74–5, 77 Monthermer, Ralph de 7–8 horse 75 Monthermer, Thomas de xvi, 7, 101, 281n.19 minever (squirrel fur) 89, 250 Morice, John 78 Minoresses (Franciscan nuns, Order of St Morley, Isabel 204 Clare) 120, 122, 132 and Colinet 207, 292n.37 convents 54, 122 Mortimer family 28, 31, 191 Anstey 54, 118 Black Book of Wigmore 185 Bruisyard 108 Mortimer, Edmund (d. 1304) 17 Denny 54–5, 70, 120–1, 132, 271n.200, daughter Maud (d. 1312) 17, 259n.54 286n.81 Mortimer, Edmund (d. 1331) 137, 191 London (Minories) 54, 69–70, 72, 113, 138 Mortimer, Roger, 1st earl of March (d. 1330) 1, Elizabeth buried there 193, 202 38, 43–4, 46, 119 Elizabeth’s bequests 205, 206 daughters 42 120–1, 286n.81 and Elizabeth 45 Minories see Minoresses, convents, London and Marie (Mary) de St Pol 119 minstrels 14, 107 and Queen Isabella 1, 38, 43–4, 46–7 missals 198, 200 Mortimer, Roger (d. 1326) of Chirk 37 declining 155–6, 165–6 Mortimer, Roger (d. 1360) 56, 138 friars on the rise 192–3 Motelot, Henry de 170, 204, 207 monastic houses and nunneries see Motelot, John 208 Augustinians; Benedictines; Cluniacs; motherhood 116 Dominicans; Franciscans; Gilbertines; maternal care 21, 48, 109, 111, 116, 125 Minoresses Mowbray, John 28, 56 money 183n.7, 184n.11, 272n.1 mullets (fish) 85 gifts 69, 77, 93, 152, 162 mullets (stars) 194, 196n.17 Index 341

Mundene, Richard 94 Merton College xiii, 171, 241n.15 murrain (disease) 16, 91, 250, 278n.73 Oriel College 171 music 107, 116 St Frideswide Priory 15 church (mass ‘with notes’) 136, 159, 169, Oxwich, William d’ 280n.93 239, 320 oyer and terminer 52–3, 71, 142–3, 251 musicians 14, 107, 127, 222, 322 commissioners of 53, 115, 143–4, 146, 149–50 mustard 87 oysters 85 mutton 84, 182 painter 93 natural disasters 12, 56 Palestine (Holy Land) 5, 128, 193, 202 needlework 95–6 Palmer, Henry 204, 208 embroidery 94–5, 130, 221, 223, 234, 237 parchment 26, 170 Neketon, Suzanne de 89–90, 139, 204, 207 pardons 14, 30, 71, 149, 150 Newbold, Leics. 75, 114 debts pardoned 9, 24, 35, 51 Newport, Gwent 29 with imprisonment 43 Norfolk, Thomas de Brotherton, earl of 193 on payment of a fine 16, 33, 100 North Weald, Essex 92 Paris, Stephen de 82 Northampton, Henry de 94 Paris 38, 118, 121, 168, 170, 171 Northampton (title) see Bohun, Humphrey, parliament 35 son William deposes the king 43 Norway 85 petitioned 4, 35, 187, 189n.8 Norwich 147 rejects taxation 37 cathedral 236 parrots 87, 94, 138, 235 recluse 162 Parving, Robert 145 Nottingham 46 Paschal, John, bishop of Llandaff 56, 81, 98, novel disseisin 35, 52, 187, 250 126, 171 nuns 19–20 pastries 82, 87 by king’s order 42–3 patronage 120–4, 233–40 see also Campsey Ash; Minoresses paupers (the poor) 81, 88, 162–4, 163 bowls 88, 295n.12 Ockham, William of 173, 199 fed 54, 81, 123, 152, 162–3, 294nn.11-12, officials 142–6 295nn.12-15 estate 76–7 gifts to 123, 163, 295n.13 onions 86, 90 legacies to 163–4 opus anglicanum (embroidery) 95, 130, 221, maintained 137, 163 223, 237, back cover pilgrims 165 orchards 74 students helped 93, 152–3, 164, 166–7, Ordinances (reforms) 23, 25 280n.93, 296n.27 Lords Ordainers 14, 22, 168, 250 paxes (tablets) 206, 208 organ 116, 174, 222 peacocks 86 Ormond, James Butler, 1st earl of 138 peasants 81, 152–3 outlawry 71 peat (turves) 88, 155 oxen 67, 68 Pelagian heresy 169, 171–2, 199 Oxford (title) see Vere Pembroke (title) see Hastings; St Pol; Valence Oxford 15, 166 Pembroke (castle and town) 50 342 For Her Good Estate

Pembroke College, Cambridge 121, 169, pots 83, 93, 207, 208 178, 227 holy water pot and sprinkler 207, 208 Percy, Henry 138 poultry (meat) 70, 87–8, 182, 246 Percy, Robert 138 poultry (office) 70, 81, 84, 86, 88, 182, 275n.41 Percy, Thomas, bishop of Norwich 138, 154 poverty, holy 162, 173 perry 83 poverty, involuntary see paupers Pessagno, Anthony 50, 261n.77 powder-pot 207 Peterhouse, Cambridge 226, 228, 240n.2, prayers 128, 140, 193 242n.19 sought 55, 68, 163, 167–8, 175 pets 87, 94, 138 predestination 174, 199 Philip ap Jevan 81 prestige 176–7 Philippa of Clarence xvii, 109 prices and costs 12, 183n.7, 184n.11 , queen of England xvi, 1, animal care 85, 90–1 38, 127, 287n.88 books 109 Philippa, see also Ferrers; Strabolgi couriers 278n.78 physicians 90, 277n.68 equipping a soldier 42 Master Martin 101, 281n.17 food 86–7, 182, 283n.37 Simon de Bredon 71, 277n.68 gold 93 Pienza Cope 221, 237, 316, 321, back cover horses 106 pigs and piglets 84, 85 knighting 106 pilgrimages 20, 61, 123, 158 livery 95, 106, 279n.89 Canterbury 158–9 luxuries 277n.57 Walsingham 110, 116, 159, 165 maintaining an anchorite 162 piracy 30 maintaining paupers 163, 295n.15 Pistor, William 82 roofing materials 294n.9 plague (Black Death) 56, 65–6, 67–8, 102–3, shipment 70 211, 270n.178 shoes 95, 279n.91 and Clare Hall 167 veiling a nun 265n.131 Plantagenet, Elizabeth de see Elizabeth of wax 89 Rhuddlan wine 83 Plantagenet, Joan see Joan of Acre Prideaux, Edmund 134, 228 Plantagenet, Mary see Mary, Princess primogeniture 2 Pleshey, Essex 128, 191, 194 prisoners 39, 150, 162 Plessys, Richard de 172, 176 after marriage 7, 100 Poer, Arnold le 77 escape 38, 39, 150 Poer, Nicholas 75–6 political 33, 36, 43, 190 Pol, Mary (Marie) de St see St Pol starve to death 48 Ponthieu 5–6, 9 protest, Elizabeth’s testament 33–4, 41, 72, poor see paupers; poverty 185–8 see Minoresses (Franciscan nuns) prunes 86 popinjays see parrots Psalm 97 (initial C) 136, 222, 320, 322 pork 84 psalters 194–5 porpoise 77, 85, 276n.47 Alphonso 217, 219, 234 Portland, Dorset 51–2 Bohun 219, 222, 321 potash 89 Elizabeth’s 197, 203 Index 343

Gorleston 218, 235 Cluniacs; Dominicans; Franciscans; Howard 136, 320 Gilbertines; Minoresses Luttrell 130 religious orders at odds 165 Macclesfield 223, 236, 237, 239 reliquaries 94, 206–7, 251 Northampton 237 remembrance 175 Ormesby 219, 222, 235, 236, 239, 321 Renaud de Bar, bishop of Metz 218, 235 Queen Isabella 59, 235, 317 Rhenish wines 82–3 Queen Mary 60, 235, 237 rice 82, 87 Queen Philippa 239 91 Robert de Lisle 61, 318 Rishton (Rushton), John de 82, 275n.33 pullets 84 Robert, king of Scotland see Bruce, Robert punishment 6, 31, 71 Rochford, Essex 137, 192 hereafter see indulgences Rokeby, Thomas 78 purification (churching of mothers) 19–20, Roos, Margery Badlesmere, Lady of xix, 138 109, 165 Rowbury, Gilbert de 168 Purificationor Candlemas (feastday) 20, 54, Rowney Priory, Herts. 162 84, 89, 174 rubies 206 purparties 22, 114, 251 rushes (as flooring) 65, 89, 182 Clare purparty 51, 73 russet cloth 48, 76, 95, 279n.90 Purtreour, Thomas le 93 Ryot, Thomas 180 Pyk, Nicholas 52 pyxes 203, 206, 251 sacks 88 Sadington, Robert de 144–5 Questions 199 St Albans, Herts. 20–1, 61, 158, 318, 241n.14 St Pol, Jean (John) de 52, 145 rabbits 74, 75, 84, 130, 276n.42, 319 St Pol, Marie (Mary) de, countess of Pembroke fur 79, 84, 276n.42 xviii, 3, 118, 132, 135, 235–6, 245n.45, 320 Radenhale, John de 188 and Elizabeth 41, 56, 95, 118–21, 140, 155, Radwinter, Essex 162 206 raisins 86–7 husband Aymer de Valence 14–15, 24, 50, Ramsey, John 55 120, 286n.76 rats 65, 82 and Pembroke College 121, 169, 178, 227 recluses see anchorites seal 218, 233, 321 recognizances 24, 33, 40–1, 51, 144, 263n.99, as widow 37, 50, 172 264n.109 ’ lives 198, 200 obtained by force 33, 41, 261n.71 Salisbury (title) see Montague relics 120 Salmon, John, bishop of Norwich 168 reliquaries 94, 206–7, 251 salmon 66, 67, 76, 84, 125 True Cross 120, 125, 159, 252 salt 91, 276n.49 religion 54, 120, 125, 162–3 cellars 206, 207 books and learning 123, 126, 159, 169 salt fish 84, 85 houses of religious orders 154–7, 205 salt meat 75, 84, 86 religious devotion 116, 121, 126, 159, Sandhall, Yorks 23, 26, 144 164–5, 177 sapphire 206 religious orders see Augustinians; Benedictines; saucery 80, 87, 89, 246 344 For Her Good Estate

Scales, Robert de 24, 35 Shardelowe, John de 52, 142–3, 144, 146 scallop, silver 207 Shardelowe, John junior 143 scholars (learned men) 173–4, 178, 211 Shareshull, William 143–4, 290n.11 scholars (students) 121, 227 sheep 74, 76, 83, 86, 95, 223, 275n.40 Clare Hall 167–9, 211 murrain 16 Franciscans 173 sheriffs 30, 39, 43, 147 helped 164, 166, 167 and Elizabeth 146–8, 150–1, 187, 291n.22 King’s Scholars 133, 227 ships xiv, xv, 57, 317 schools 93, 152, 164, 166 seized 51 Scot, Thomas 208 Shirewood, Robert de 82 Scottish wars 12–13, 16, 44, 48 shoes and boots 53, 95, 111, 279n.91 and Edward de Monthermer 102 Shouldham Priory, Norfolk 111 and Henry Ferrers 109 shrievalty 252 and Joan of Acre 8 siblings xvi, xvii and John Bardolf 115 half-siblings xvi, 7, 101 and Katherine de Haliwell 138 rivalries 100–1, 105 and Roger Damory 23 sickness 65, 89–90 and William de Bohun 191 silk 95 scribes (scriptors) 93, 217 silverware 83, 94, 112, 206–8, 237 seals viii–xiii, 233, 316–17 altar vessels 159, 206–8 Clare College (1359) viii–xiii, 230–3 bells 94, 155 Edward III xiii, 200, 317 bowls or dishes 83, 94, 109, 111, 116, 155 Elizabeth de Burgh (1320s?) x, 233 candlesticks 94, 208 Elizabeth de Burgh (1353?) xi, 233 cups, chalices or ciboria 19, 127, 206–8 Hugh Courtenay 233 seal matrix 230, 233 Joan of Bar 218 in textiles 95, 205 John de Bohun 233 simplicity 193 Marie de St Pol 218, 233 single mothers (gentlewomen) 164 Richard Fitzalan 233 skirrewittus (vegetable) 86 Thomas Beauchamp 219, 321 smiths 91, 92 wax impressions of 230, 233 Southam, John de 83, 207 Secretum Secretorum (illuminated MS) 62, 129, and Agnes 83, 204, 207 220–1, 318, 321 Southfrith, Kent 75, 189n.7 sedge 88, 131, 155, 251, 277n.60 Southwold, Suffolk 74 seed 209 Spaldyng, Robert 165, 172 seisin 78, 251 spaniels 108 Clare lands 9, 260n.65 sparrowhawk pyx 203, 206 disseisin 248 sparrowhawks see birds, hawks novel 35, 52, 187, 250 spices 65, 82, 86–7 Sempringham Priory, Lincs. 36, 42, 100 medicinal 90 sermons 43, 169, 348 spirituality see religion, religious devotion indulgence 25, 98, 175, 261n.75, 280n.2, spoons 207, 208 281n.18 for the altar 206, 208 paid 159, 174 squirrel fur 89, 250 sexism in histories 266n.134 stables see marshalsea Index 345

Stafford, Ralph, earl of Stafford 56, 101, tablet (Agnus Dei) 208, 231 104, 140, 146 tablet (pax) 206, 208 wife see Audley, Margaret tableware 88 Stalyngton, Robert de 68, 106, 166, 170, bowls and chargers 87, 182, 206, 207, 208 280n.93 bowls for the poor 88, 295n.12 Standon, Herts. 52, 70, 74 chargers 182, 206, 207, 208 Plessys chantry 176 cups and costrels 88, 182 Stanton, Hervey de 227 decorated dishes 182 statues 120, 122, 126, 206 mazers (bowls) 94, 207, 250 Walsingham xiii, 224, 231, 317 wooden dishes 182 Stebbing, Essex 74, 110, 113 Taborer, W. (musician) 107 Steeple Claydon (Cleydon), Bucks. 142, tailoring 95–6 262n.88 Talbot, Elizabeth, Lady (née Comyn) 146, Stoke by Clare, Suffolk 70 291n.16 priory 155, 207 Talbot, Richard 146 Stonor, John de 52, 142, 144 Talgarth, Wales 37 Stour, William atte 65, 89 tallow 88, 92 Stourbridge fair, Cambridge 85, 151 tally accounts 76, 84 Stowe, William de 145 Talmach, William 151 Strabolgi, David de, earl of Athol xvii, 71, 112, tankards 88, 106 119, 284n.57 taxation 2, 37, 52, 109, 127 wife Elizabeth Ferrers (de Atthele) xvii, 66, lay subsidies 40, 250 69, 111–12, 204 officials 142, 144, 147, 150 their daughters Elizabeth and Philippa xvii wool 52, 128 Stratford, John, 153 Taymouth Book of Hours 218, 321 Stratford, Ralph, bishop of London 154, 170 tercels (male hawks) 76, 252 Stratton, John de 172 testaments 2 straw (as flooring) 89 Elizabeth’s (1326) 33–4, 41, 180, 185–8 Sturmy, Henry 233 Elizabeth’s (1355) 55, 72, 122, 197–200, Sturmy (Lestourmy), John 39, 42, 106, 148–9, 202–9, 233 186 Tewkesbury, Robert de 93, 94 subsidy 40, 250 see also Aurifaber, Robert collectors 147, 149, 150 Tewkesbury, Glos. 5, 67 Sudbury, Simon, archbishop of Canterbury Abbey 42, 64, 67, 99, 154, 207, 318 171, 292n.39 Abbey memorials 217, 320 Sudbury, Suffolk 36, 40–1, 52, 74–5 textiles 202, 220, 223, 234, 237 Suffolk (title) see Ufford in Elizabeth’s will 203–5, 233 sugar 82, 87 see also cloth; embroidery; livery; vestments surgery 169 Teye, John de 194 Surrey (title) see Warenne Thaxted, Walter de 166, 172 Swaffham Bulbeck Priory, Cambs. 207 Thaxted, Essex 162 swans 80, 84, 129 Thebaud, Nicholas 152, 171 as meat 65, 67, 68, 86, 119, 129, 182 Thebaud, Simon 152, 292n.39 theology 173–4, 299n.54 tabernacle 126, 206 at Cambridge 173 346 For Her Good Estate

Thomasyn, Bartholomew 87, 147 True Cross relic 120, 125, 159, 206, 252 Thomond xiv, xix, 10 trumpeter 222 Thornham Parva Retable 134–5, 235, 239, Trumpe, Martin 107 319, 320 turves (peat) 88, 155 Thorpe, Robert 144, 296n.27 Tutbury Castle, Staffs. 31 Three Living and Three Dead 61, 318 typhoid 18 thrift and frugality 79, 88, 91 Tickhill Castle, Yorks. 31 Ufford, Robert, earl of Suffolk (d. 1369) 78, timber 65, 74, 88, 238 112, 138, 146, 236 Tintern, Gwent 49, 56, 80 his daughter Margaret (d. 1368) xvii, 112 Abbey 205 husband William Ferrers see Ferrers, Henry, tombs and memorials 64, 102 son William Aymer de Valence 58, 120, 236 his brother Ralph (d. 1346) 78, 108, 236 Edward de Monthermer 99, 102 wife Matilda (Maud) of Lancaster (d. 1377) Edward Despenser 217, 320 xvii, 78, 107–8 Edward II 63, 318 their daughter Margaret (Maud; d. 1413) Edward III 220, 321 108 Edward of Woodstock 217, 320 Ulster (title: countesses) see Burgh, Elizabeth de Eleanor of Castile 58, 317 (d. 1363); Burgh, William de, wife Matilda Guy de Brian 271n.188 Ulster (title: earls) see Burgh, Richard de; Hugh Hastings 135, 320 Burgh, William de Isabella, Queen 71 Ulster () 10–13, 77–8, 106 Joan of Acre 8, 99 and Scotland 13, 45 Robert de Bures 219, 321 University Hall, Cambridge 54–5, 121, 134, Thomas Cobham 221, 321 166, 168, 211, 227–8 Tonbridge, Kent 74, 86 uses 49, 252, 267n.151 Castle 6, 27, 189n.7 individual 49, 66–7, 71, 109, 115, 128 Priory 74, 154 Usk, Gwent 22, 32, 63, 67, 76, 80, 81 Tonbridgehall and chace 74, 85–6, 150, administration 73, 76, 80–1, 100, 144, 170 187, 189n.7 Castle 63, 80, 318 alias Southfrith park 75, 189n.7 Elizabeth in residence 54, 56, 64, 66–7, 80, Torel, Elizabeth 139, 204, 207 180–2 Torel, William 317 exchanged for Gower under duress 34, 39, 45, Tottenham, London 70, 92 49, 100, 123, 186–7 tournaments 64, 106–7, 318 fishing 66, 84 38, 42, 100 Priory 66, 81, 214 trade associations 96 transport and travel 67–8, 83, 269n.168 Valence, Aymer de, earl of Pembroke (d. 1324) treason 25, 28, 31, 41, 46, 263n.95 14–15, 24, 50, 120, 286n.76 punishment for 31, 42, 47 widow see St Pol, Marie (Mary) de and uses 252, 267n.151 Valence, Isabella de 8 Tregrug Castle, Gwent 49, 56, 66, 80, 109, 181 1st husband John de Hastings 8 Trelleck, Gwent 49, 56, 65–6, 76, 85, 103, 127 2nd husband Ralph de Monthermer 8 Trinity Hall, Cambridge 227 Vauxhall, Surrey 26, 36, 50, 74, 115 Troy, Gwent 49, 67, 80 veal 84 Index 347 vegetables 86 Pienza Cope 221, 237, 316, 321, back cover Vegetius codex 57, 317 veterinary medicine 90, 92 Venator, John 85 Vidulator, Patrick and Richard (viol players) venison 85–6, 125, 150, 182, 276n.49 107 Verdon, Isabella de (d. 1349, daughter of viols 107 Elizabeth) xvii, 66, 110, 112–13, 266n.138, Virgin Mary see Mary, Virgin 282n.22 vow of chastity 3, 47–8, 111, 117, 119, 178, childhood 19, 26, 32, 109, 123 267n.147 husband Henry Ferrers xvii, 44, 46, 49, 52, 109–10 wafers 82 their daughter Elizabeth de Atthele Wake, John 15, 146 (d. 1375) xvii, 66, 69, 110–12 Wake, Thomas 15 their daughter Philippa (d. 1384) xvii, 66, Walden, Andrew 150–1 69, 102, 110–11 Walden, Humphrey de 150–1, 208 their son William (d. 1371) xvii, 66, 68, 102, Walden, Essex 128, 191 109, 112–13 priory 193 and Queen Isabella 45 Wales 27, 42 Verdon, Nicholas de 77 and Despenser 27–9, 37, 42 Verdon, Theobald de (d. 1316) x, xi, xvii, 16–19, Elizabeth’s lands 22, 27, 45, 49, 56, 76, 80–1 259n.51 English intrusion 5, 27, 28 1st wife Maud née Mortimer (d. 1312) 17, and Mortimer 43 259n.54 Wallore, David 145 their daughter Elizabeth 18, 23, 114 Walsingham, Alan of 55, 154, 238 husband Bartholomew de Burghersh Walsingham, Norfolk 74, 159, 160–1, 207, 102–3, 114 244n.42, 317, 322 their daughter Joan 18, 23, 288n.98 Augustinian priory 4, 123, 165, their daughter Margery 18, 26, 44, 113–14 293–4nn.55–7, 295n.22 1st husband William le Blount (d. 1337) seal xiii, 316 44, 114 shrine 4, 123, 159, 165, 236, 238 2nd husband Mark Husee (d. c.1345) 114 statue of Virgin and Child xiii, 224, 231 3rd husband John de Crophull (d. 1383) Franciscan friary xiii, 165, 174, 224, 238 114 buildings 160–1, 244n.42, back endpaper 2nd wife Elizabeth née Clare (d. 1360) 16–17, craftsmen and artifacts 55, 93–4, 122, 131, 77 207 their daughter see Verdon, Isabella de Waltham Abbey, Essex 10, 59 his lands 18–19, 23, 24, 25, 35 wardship 8, 78–9 after the fall of Despenser 45–6, 54, 68, 75, the king’s rights 9, 18, 45, 79 113, 147 of Laurence Hastings 37, 50, 128 Vere, John de, earl of Oxford 137, 149, 157 and uses 252, 267n.151 wife Maude née Badlesmere, countess of Warenne, John de, 7th earl of Surrey (d. 1347) Oxford xix, 137, 233 xvi, 14, 23, 25, 218–19, 227, 235 vermin 65, 82, 86 wife Joan of Bar 41, 122, 135, 218, 235 Verne, Walter atte 93 Warwick (title) see Beauchamp, Thomas de vestments 94–5, 159, 170 water supplies 89, 115, 275n.35 bequeathed 197, 204–5 Waterbeach Abbey, Cambs. 120–1, 286n.81 348 For Her Good Estate waterways commission 115 witchcraft, wax doll 37 Wauton, John de 147 Wix Priory, Essex 104 wax 87, 277n.62 Woburn, Bucks. 68 Agnus Dei 231 Wodeham, Alison de 204, 207 doll 37 Wollore, David 145 images 103 women’s roles 1–2, 45, 89 impressions of seals xiii, 230, 233 anchorite 68, 108, 120, 152, 162 tapers (candles) 88 foundress 120, 167–9, 350 weather extremes 12, 16 intellectual 135, 221 Wellok, Gwent 65, 88 mother 21, 48, 109, 116 Welsh 76, 81, 181, 247 nun 19–20, 42, 108 language 81 patroness viii–xiii, 3, 132, 135, 154 Welsh March 5, 17 99, 132, 135 Marcher lords 5, 28–31, 32–3, 80, 190 wood (timber) 65, 74, 88, 238 Welsh (Usk) bailiwick of Elizabeth’s lands 76, Woodham, Adam of 199 80–1 Woodham Ferrers, Essex 83, 110 Wentford fair, Clare 74 Woodstock, Oxon. 176 58, 236, 245n.45, 317 see also Edmund of Woodstock; Weymouth, Dorset 30, 51–2, 56, 270n.176 Edward of Woodstock whalemeat 85, 276n.47 wool taxes 268n.163 Wharton, , nuns’ house 42 collectors 52, 147, 149 wheelwright 92 Worcester 31 Whinburgh (Wynbergh), Norfolk 144 Wyberd, John 71 widows and widowhood 4, 8, 47, 119, 249 Wykkewane, William de 208 and marriage 3, 7, 15, 17, 47 Wynbergh (Whinburgh), Norfolk 144 and property 19, 33, 287n.91 Wynelingham, William de 172 vow of chastity 3, 47–8, 111, 117, 119, 178, 267n.147 Yarmouth, Norfolk 85 widow’s dower 22, 35, 37 Yevelden, Walter de 155 widows’ rights 19, 33 wills 72, 128, 193 Zouche, William la 100, 280n.5 Elizabeth’s (1355) 55, 72, 122, 197–200, his wife see Clare, Eleanor de (d. 1337) 202–9, 233 son Alan la Zouche 270n.175 windows, church 64, 67, 99, 280n.5 wife Eleanor, Lady Zouche 56, 270n.175 Elizabeth’s 154–5, 177 son William la Zouche 75, 100–1 Windsor, Berks. 158 Castle 7, 18, 20, 99, 190 College of St George 127, 202, 206 wine 68, 82–3, 182 Essex 74, 83 gifts 66, 83, 109, 126, 138, 162, 172 given to the poor 163, 295n.14 measures 275n.37 spiced or sugared 83, 87 Vernach 65, 113