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Samuel Parker, Religion, and Politics in Restoration England Jason Jewell Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2004 Authority's Advocate: Samuel Parker, Religion, and Politics in Restoration England Jason Jewell Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES AUTHORITY’S ADVOCATE: SAMUEL PARKER, RELIGION, AND POLITICS IN RESTORATION ENGLAND By JASON JEWELL A Dissertation submitted to the Program in the Humanities in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2004 Copyright © 2004 Jason Jewell All Rights Reserved The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Jason Jewell defended on August 4, 2004. _____________________________ Paul Strait Professor Directing Dissertation _____________________________ Jeffrey Kite-Powell Outside Committee Member _____________________________ Leon Golden Committee Member _____________________________ David Darst Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii To Vickie and Edward, without whose love and support this project would never have been completed. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The assistance of many individuals has been essential to the completion of this manuscript. Professor Richard Greaves first suggested Parker to me as a possible topic, and his guidance throughout this project has been indispensable. His passing away, which occurred just days after the manuscript was completed, was a tremendous blow. I must also thank the rest of my dissertation committee at Florida State University: Professor Paul Strait, Professor Leon Golden, Professor David Darst, and Professor Jeffrey Kite-Powell. In the United Kingdom, I received valuable help from archivists at the Bodleian Library in Oxford, the Canterbury Cathedral Archives, and Lambeth Palace, the Dr. Williams’s Library, and the British Library in London. My research in the United Kingdom was made possible by FSU’s History department’s appointing me to teach at the university’s study abroad program in London in the Spring 2001 term, and also by a dissertation research grant from FSU’s Office of Graduate Studies. Stateside, the staff of FSU’s Strozier Library, particularly in the Special Collections area, was extremely helpful. My parents, Drs. Fred and Alice Jewell, of Searcy, AR, supplied a great deal of encouragement and some financial assistance during the writing stage, as well as help with proofreading; Alice also spent many hours translating Latin passages from Parker’s works for my benefit. Much of the credit for this manuscript belongs to the above individuals. Any errors within are my own. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations vi Abstract ix INTRODUCTION 1 1. A LIFE OF CONTROVERSY 3 2. GRACE UNDER PRESSURE: THE TOLERATION CONTROVERSY I 36 3. WHO’S IN CHARGE HERE?: THE TOLERATION CONTROVERSY II 77 4. ANGLICAN APOLOGETIC: HISTORY AS POLEMIC I 117 5. ABSOLUTISM AND PASSIVE OBEDIENCE: HISTORY AS POLEMIC II 154 6. BISHOP PARKER 197 EPILOGUE 225 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 228 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 241 v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABAC Act Books of the Archbishops of Canterbury, Lambeth Palace, London AGCC Samuel Parker, An Account of the Government of the Christian Church for the First Six Hundred Years (London: 1683) ANEDDG Samuel Parker, An Account of the Nature and Extent of the Divine Dominion & Goodnesse (Oxford: 1666) ANF Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, eds., The Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to A. D. 325, 10 vols. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1950-1953) Arber Edward Arber, ed., The Term Catalogues, 1668-1709 A.D., 3 vols. (London: Professor Edward Arber, 1903) Ashcraft Richard Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics and Locke’s Two Treatises of Government (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986) Bodl. Bodleian Library, Oxford BDBR Richard Greaves and Robert Zaller, eds., Biographical Dictionary of British Radicals in the Seventeenth Century, 3 vols. (Brighton, Sussex: Harvester Press, 1982-) Burnet Gilbert Burnet, Bishop Burnet’s History of His Own Times, 2nd ed., 6 vols. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1833) CCA Canterbury Cathedral Archives CCE Samuel Parker, The Case of the Church of England (London: 1681) Cherry Cherry Manuscripts, Bodleian Library, Oxford CSPD Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 1603-1714 vi DCEP Samuel Parker, A Defence and Continuation of the Ecclesiastical Politie. (London: 1671) DDALN Samuel Parker, A Demonstration of the Divine Authority of the Law of Nature and of the Christian Religion in Two Parts (London: 1681) DDPD Samuel Parker, Disputationes de Deo et Providentia Divina (London: 1678) DEP Samuel Parker, A Discourse of Ecclesiastical Politie (London: 1670) DKJ Samuel Parker, A Discourse Sent to the Late King James (London: 1690) DNB Sir Leslie Stephen and Sir Sidney Lee, eds., Dictionary of National Biography, 22 vols. (London: Oxford University Press, 1949-1950) DVBB Samuel Parker, A Discourse in Vindication of Bp Bramhall and the Clergy of the Church of England (London: 1673) FICPP Samuel Parker, A Free and Impartial Censure of the Platonick Philosophie. (Oxford: 1666) Hasted The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent, 12 vols. (Canterbury: W. Bristow, 1797-1801 [1972]) HHOT Samuel Parker, History of His Own Times (London: 1727) HMC Historical Manuscripts Commission, Reports Lambeth Lambeth Palace, London Marvell Andrew Marvell, The Rehearsal Transpros’d and The Rehearsal Transpros’d: The Second Part, ed. D. I. B. Smith (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971) Morrice Roger Morrice, “Ent’ring Book, Being an Historical Register of Occurrences From April, Anno 1677 to April 1691,” Dr. Williams’s Library, London NPNF Philip Schaff and Henry Wace, eds., A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Second Series, 14 vols. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1954-1956) Owen John Owen, The Works of John Owen, 16 vols., ed. William H. Goold (Carlisle, PA: Banner of Truth Trust, 1850-1853 [1965-1968]) Parkin Jonathan Parkin, Science, Religion and Politics in Restoration England: Richard Cumberland’s De Legibus Naturae (Rochester, NY: Boydell and Brewer, 1999) vii Preface Samuel Parker, Preface to John Bramhall, Bishop Bramhall’s Vindication of Himself and the Episcopal Clergy, from the Presbyterian Charge of Popery (London: 1672) RAT Samuel Parker, Reasons for Abrogating the Test Imposed Upon All Members of Parliament (London: 1688) Rawlinson Rawlinson Manuscripts, Bodleian Library, Oxford RL Samuel Parker, Religion and Loyalty (London: 1684) RLII Samuel Parker, Religion and Loyalty, the Second Part (London: 1685) RRT Samuel Parker, A Reproof to the Rehearsal Transprosed (London: 1673) Tanner Tanner Manuscripts, Bodleian Library, Oxford Toon Peter Toon, God’s Statesman: The Life and Work of John Owen (Exeter: Paternoster Press, 1971) TPTD Samuel Parker, Tentamina Physico-Theologica de Deo (London: 1665) VCH William Page, ed., The Victoria History of the County of Kent, 3 vols. (London: Constable, 1908-) Wood Anthony Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, 4 vols. (London: Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1967) Wood MSS Wood Papers, Bodleian Library, Oxford viii ABSTRACT Samuel Parker (1640-1688) was one of Restoration England’s most significant religious controversialists, the writer of numerous pamphlets and books dealing with subjects on which learned opinion was completely polarized. His works attracted both praise and condemnation from many of England’s most prominent figures, and there is little doubt that he helped frame the terms of debate on several religious issues. At the peak of his career, just before his death, he was both bishop of Oxford and president of Magdalen College, Oxford; his appointment to the latter post by King James II occasioned one of the most important episodes in the struggle between that monarch and the Church of England. Parker died about nine months prior to his royal patron’s overthrow in the Revolution of 1688. This dissertation offers an interpretation of the career and writings of Samuel Parker. It concludes that Parker placed the concept of legitimate authority at the center of his political and social philosophy. Parker’s concern was rooted in the desire, so prevalent among elites in the early modern period and particularly in Britain after the Interregnum, for a practical policy of ensuring social stability. Over a period of nearly twenty years, he developed a well-thought-out yet almost deceptively simple theoretical model of authority based on scripture, natural law, and historical precedent. This dissertation provides a detailed analysis of that model as found in Parker’s writings. It also treats subordinate themes in Parker’s works, such as the moralist concept of grace and the use of history as a polemical tool. In so doing, it offers a corrective to contemporary scholarship which frequently views Parker as a superficial thinker and timeserver in the Church of England. ix INTRODUCTION Samuel Parker (1640-1688) was one of Restoration England’s most significant religious controversialists, the writer of numerous pamphlets and books dealing with subjects on which learned opinion was completely polarized. His works attracted both praise and condemnation from many of England’s most prominent figures, and there is little doubt that he helped frame the terms of debate on several religious issues. At the peak of his career, just before his death, he was
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