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Engineering Aspects of Food Processing - P.P
CHEMICAL ENGINEEERING AND CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY – Vol. V - Engineering Aspects of Food Processing - P.P. Lewicki ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF FOOD PROCESSING P.P. Lewicki Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland The State College of Computer Science and Business Administration in Lomza, Poland Keywords: Metabolic energy requirement, food production, wet cleaning, dry cleaning, homogenization, membrane filtration, cyclones, clarifixator, coating, extrusion, agglomeration, fluidization, battering, uperisation, pasteurization, sterilization, baking, chilling, freezing, hydrocooling, cryoconcentration, glazing, extrusion-cooking, roasting, frying, thermoplasticity, logistics. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Food industry 3. Food processing 3.1. Mechanical Processes 3.2. Heat Transfer Processes 3.3. Mass Transfer Processes 3.4. Materials Handling 3.5. Hygiene of Processing 3.6. Food Engineering 4. Concluding remarks Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary The main aim of this chapter is to show the impact of chemical and process engineering on the development of nowadays food industry. The contribution presents food as a substance needed to keep a man alive, which is consumed every day and must be produced in enormous amounts. Food industry is a manufacturer of food, employs hundred of UNESCOthousands of employees and uses– considerableEOLSS quantities of energy and water. Basic processes used in food processing are briefly described. They are divided into three groups of unit operations that are mechanical processes and heat and mass transfer processes. In each group of unit operations specificity of the process is emphasized. AtSAMPLE the same time, it is shown howCHAPTERS theories of momentum, heat and mass transfer developed by chemical engineering are applied in designing food-processing equipment. The question of hygienic design and processing of safe food is explicitly stressed. -
Introduction to the Microbiology of Food Processing.Pdf
United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Introduction TO THE Microbiology OF Food Processing August 2012 Small Plant News Guidebook Series Small Plant News is a four-page, four-color newsletter published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). It is targeted to small and very small Federal- and State-inspected establishment owners and operators who produce meat, poultry, and processed egg products. Small Plant News’s mission is to support the “FSIS’ Strategic Implementation Plan for Strengthening Small and Very Small Plant Outreach” by providing pertinent information for plant owners and operators so they can produce safe food and, ultimately, ensure the success of their livelihoods. The newsletter strives to do this through: ✔ Informing and educating small and very small plant owners and operators on FSIS news with current and meaningful information in an easy-to-read format. ✔ Assisting plant owners and operators in incorporating FSIS rules and regulations into their daily operational practices with “plain language” information. ✔ Fostering small and very small plants’ ability to stay in business and produce the safest food by providing essential tips that will encourage the highest sanitation standards, paperwork compliance, and cost-saving measures. ✔ Honoring FSIS’ obligations to small and very small plants by providing a mechanism that increases two-way dialogue between plants and the Agency. Back issues of Small Plant News are available on FSIS’ Web site at www.fsis.usda.gov. Or you may call the Small Plant Help Desk at (877) 374-7435 to order back copies. -
Master of Public Health/Master of Science in Nutrition Dual Degree Proposal (Plan B, Non-Thesis Requiring) Document of December
Master of Public Health/Master of Science in Nutrition Dual Degree Proposal (Plan B, non-thesis requiring) Document of December 8, 2014; Revised February 2, 2015 This is a dual degree program that is offered jointly by the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Nutrition. The core Master Degree courses include a mixture of those from nutrition, biochemistry and public health. 1. Background and Justification The World Health Organization, (WHO), identifies diet and nutrition as a lifestyle factor critical for maintenance of health and well-being, as well as a factor influencing risk of chronic disease. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and obesity are examples of chronic diseases significantly related to diet and nutrition. Obesity is one of the most common conditions and is growing to epidemic proportions. The two most common associated co-morbidities of obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension, are highly prevalent health risks and are among the principal causes of death in the general population. Additionally, in third world countries, malnutrition is a very common cause of infection or death, especially in young children. Accordingly, knowledge of the basic elements of good nutrition and the biochemical pathways associated with the metabolism of protein, fat and carbohydrate offers important contributions to mitigate these health problems. The proposed dual degree program will provide the student with a core understanding of the mechanics of metabolism combined with advanced courses in public health and nutrition. This combined approach will yield a highly qualified and competitive public health practitioner trained to develop evidence based policy, programs, strategies and advocacy to address these health risks and problems. -
Genetically Modified Food and Informed Consumer Choice: Comparing U.S
Brooklyn Journal of International Law Volume 35 | Issue 2 Article 6 2010 Genetically Modified oF od and Informed Consumer Choice: Comparing U.S. and E.U. Labeling Laws Valery Federici Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjil Recommended Citation Valery Federici, Genetically Modified Food and Informed Consumer Choice: Comparing U.S. and E.U. Labeling Laws, 35 Brook. J. Int'l L. (2010). Available at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjil/vol35/iss2/6 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brooklyn Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of BrooklynWorks. GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD AND INFORMED CONSUMER CHOICE: COMPARING U.S. AND E.U. LABELING LAWS INTRODUCTION lthough you might not know it, chances are that the salad you Ahave for lunch or the crackers you eat as an afternoon snack con- tain some amount of genetically modified (“GM”) plants.1 Those ingre- dients almost certainly do not bear labels disclosing their genetic modifi- cations. Even if they did, would you understand what the labels mean enough to make an informed decision whether to purchase and consume GM or non-GM food? The labeling of genetically modified foods is an extremely complicated subject—one that falls at the intersection of a complex scientific field and deeply held religious, moral, and personal beliefs about what one puts into one’s body. It is possible that there is no right answer to the question whether foods should be labeled to indicate genetic modifica- tion. -
Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition
P000i-00xx 3/12/05 8:54 PM Page i Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition Second edition VITPR 3/12/05 16:50 Page ii WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements (1998 : Bangkok, Thailand). Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition : report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation, Bangkok, Thailand, 21–30 September 1998. 1.Vitamins — standards 2.Micronutrients — standards 3.Trace elements — standards 4.Deficiency diseases — diet therapy 5.Nutritional requirements I.Title. ISBN 92 4 154612 3 (LC/NLM Classification: QU 145) © World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2004 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Market- ing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permis- sion to reproduce or translate WHO publications — whether for sale or for noncommercial distri- bution — should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]), or to Chief, Publishing and Multimedia Service, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00100 Rome, Italy. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diet During Pregnancy on the Health of Mothers and Offspring
nutrients Review The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diet during Pregnancy on the Health of Mothers and Offspring Giorgia Sebastiani 1,* , Ana Herranz Barbero 1, Cristina Borrás-Novell 1, Miguel Alsina Casanova 1, Victoria Aldecoa-Bilbao 1 , Vicente Andreu-Fernández 2, Mireia Pascual Tutusaus 1, Silvia Ferrero Martínez 3, María Dolores Gómez Roig 3 and Oscar García-Algar 1 1 Neonatology Unit, Hospital Clinic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] (A.H.B.); [email protected] (C.B.-N.); [email protected] (M.A.C.); [email protected] (V.A.-B.); [email protected] (M.P.T.); [email protected] (O.G.-A.) 2 Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 3 BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] (S.F.M.); [email protected] (M.D.G.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-610602714 Received: 30 January 2019; Accepted: 1 March 2019; Published: 6 March 2019 Abstract: Vegetarian and vegan diets have increased worldwide in the last decades, according to the knowledge that they might prevent coronary heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Althought plant-based diets are at risk of nutritional deficiencies such as proteins, iron, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, omega-3, and vitamin B12, the available evidence shows that well planned vegetarian and vegan diets may be considered safe during pregnancy and lactation, but they require a strong awareness for a balanced intake of key nutrients. -
Food Processing in Sub-Saharan Africa Solutions for African Food Enterprises Final Report 2 SAFE FINAL REPORT I Introduction: Solutions for African Food Enterprises
Food Processing in Sub-Saharan Africa Solutions for African Food Enterprises Final Report 2 SAFE FINAL REPORT I Introduction: Solutions for African Food Enterprises Food processing is a significant driver of local economies, creating supplier linkages for millions of small-scale farmers and helping elevate rural incomes across East and Southern Africa. As population and urbanization rates rapidly 127 increase across the region while hundreds of millions of people continue to face processors trained food insecurity, the demand for food has never been greater. Yet, small and growing local processors often have difficulties producing high-quality affordable and nutritious products that meet food safety standards and regulatory requirements due to a lack of technical and business knowledge and investment. Africa’s food processing industry holds huge Partners in Food Solutions and the United States 1,709 potential for growth: by 2040, it is anticipated that Agency for International Development (USAID) that participants the value of food purchased in East And Southern aimed to increase the competitiveness of the African 1 received training Africa will grow seven-fold. When equipped with food processing sector and expand the availability of via sector-wide the technical and business skills in food processing affordable and nutritious foods. SAFE was launched trainings best practices, such as manufacturing, food safety, in 2012 in Kenya, Malawi and Zambia with a $6.3 packaging, marketing, budgeting and planning, as million grant from USAID. In 2016, SAFE expanded to well as increased access to inputs, new markets and Ethiopia and Tanzania and extended the timeframe finance, growing processors can play a significant in the other countries with an additional $4.1 million role in providing for the region’s food needs. -
A Review on Impacts of Genetically Modified Food on Human Health
The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 2011, 4, 3-11 3 Open Access A Review on Impacts of Genetically Modified Food on Human Health Charu Verma1, Surabhi Nanda2, R.K. Singh3, R.B. Singh4 and Sanjay Mishra1,2,* 1Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, Institute of Foreign Trade & Management, Lodhipur Rajput, Delhi Road, Moradabad 244001, U.P., India 2Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering & Technology, IFTM Campus, Lodhipur Rajput, Delhi Road, Moradabad 244001, U.P., India 3Kumaon Engineering College, Dwarhut, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 4Halberg Hospital & Research Center, Civil Lines, Moradabad 244 001, U.P., India Abstract: Biotechnology offers a variety of potential benefits and risks. It has enhanced food production by making plants less vulnerable to drought, frost, insects, and viruses and by enabling plants to compete more effectively against weeds for soil nutrients. In a few cases, it has also improved the quality and nutrition of foods by altering their composition. However, the use of biotechnology has also raised concerns about its potential risks to the environment and people. For example, some people fear that common plant pests could develop resistance to the introduced pesticides in GM crops that were supposed to combat them. Genetic engineering provides a means to introduce genes into plants via mechanisms that are different in some respects from classical breeding. A number of commercialized, genetically engineered (GE) varieties, most notably canola, cotton, maize and soybean, were created using this technology, and at present the traits introduced are herbicide and/or pest tolerance. Gene technology enables the increase of production in plants, as well as the rise of resistance to pests, viruses, frost, etc. -
Americans with Diet-Related Chronic Diseases Report Higher Diet Quality Than Those Without These Diseases1–3
Supplemental Material can be found at: http://jn.nutrition.org/content/suppl/2011/07/20/jn.111.14003 8.DC1.html The Journal of Nutrition Nutritional Epidemiology Americans with Diet-Related Chronic Diseases Report Higher Diet Quality Than Those without These Diseases1–3 Xiaoli Chen,4 Lawrence J. Cheskin,5 Leiyu Shi,6 and Youfa Wang4* 4Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, 5Department of Health, Behavior and Society; and 6Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 Abstract Downloaded from Large health disparities exist in the U.S. across ethnic and socioeconomic status groups. Using nationally representative data, we tested whether American patients with diet-related chronic diseases had higher diet quality than nonpatients. We also tested whether nutrition knowledge and beliefs (NKB) and food label (FL) use were associated with the observed differences. The 1994–1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals, and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey were examined for 4356 U.S. adults. Dietary intakes were assessed using 2 nonconsecutive 24-h recalls and diet quality jn.nutrition.org was assessed by using the USDA 2005 Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Patients’ mean HEI was higher than that of nonpatients (mean 6 SE: 53.6 6 0.5 vs. 51.8 6 0.4; P , 0.001). Among patients, blacks were 92% more likely to report low diet quality (HEI , 20th percentile) than whites. The positive association between chronic diseases and HEI was observed only for patients with good NKB [OR = 1.80 (95% CI = 1.34, 2.43)]. -
2. Genetically Modified Food Crops and Their Contribution to Human
Trends in Food Science & Technology 14 (2003) 191–209 2. Genetically modified food classical nutrient deficiencies, although over-consump- crops and their tion is a problem for some. Also in relatively wealthy countries there is, in general, good access to affordable medical care to meet health needs and most consumers contribution to in rich countries have access to a relatively inexpensive supply of safe and healthy food. In these settings, the human nutrition possibility that biotechnology might reduce the price of food or make food more beneficial to health is a rela- tively minor concern. Rather, public debate about and food quality genetically modified foods (GMFs) appears to have focused on the potential for harm to either the environ- ment or health without a clear definition of benefit to the consumer. a The situation, of course, is quite different in poor Howarth E. Bouis *, Bruce countries where malnutrition and ill health are frequent. M. Chassyb and James Poor consumers typically spend 70% of their incomes c on food, and diets consist primarily of staple foods, O. Ochanda which lack the vitamins, minerals and, very likely, other food components necessary to sustain good health and minimise the risk of adult onset diet-related chronic diseases. In addition, low incomes typically preclude the poor from access to adequate health care. aInternational Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K There are three broad ways that biotechnology may Street, NW, Washington DC 20006 USA (fax: +1-202- benefit consumers in developing countries. First, bio- 467-4439; e-mail: [email protected]) technology offers a powerful, new tool to improve crop bBiotechnology Center, University of Illinois at productivity, both by making conventional breeding Urbana-Champaign, 238 NSRC, 1101 West Peabody faster and more efficient and, more controversially, by Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA the insertion of novel genes in a crop species, by use of cDeparment of Biochemistry, College of Biological & transgenic methods. -
11:115:321 (44K PDF)
Ethical Issues in Biochemical Research Spring 2021 11:115:321:01 George Pieczenik, Ph.D., Professor Spring 2021 Day M,W Time 2:15-3:35 Online: GoToMeeting and Zoom 3 credits, meeting twice a week for 80 minutes Course Description This course will address ethical issues in biochemistry, with some focus on genetics and molecular biology. The course will consist of lectures by the professor, as well as student presentations on selected topics. Issues to be covered will include the ethics of recombinant DNA technology, of genetically modified plants and animals, of stem cell use, scientific patents, and of creating DNA databases. Other topics will include the political use of genetics and evolutionary paradigms, and the use of fraudulent data and “pseudo science”, and how these tools can be used to sway public opinion. Important issues facing scientists and students currently will also be discussed, such as plagiarism . data manipulation and consequences of the biotechnology revolution. Course Requirements 1. Class Attendance & Participation: Students are expected to attend class online and to participate actively. There will be spot quizzes. Unexcused absences (>3) will result in failure. (10%) Online class attendance will be through GoToMyMeeting and/or Zoom. Classes will be recorded and deposited to Dropbox for students who can not make the class synchronously. 2. Essays on assigned topics: Students will present two power point topics assigned or requested. for presentation to the class. (70%) 3. Final exam; A final take home 2 hour exam. (20%) Optional reading list from which to prepare paper The Main text is Edwin Black's - America's War on the Weak Publisher: Four Walls Eight Windows; (September 2003) ISBN: 1568582587 Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA by Brenda Maddox , Harper Collins 2002, UK The Fraud of Abderhalden’s Enzymes by Ute Deichmann and Benno Muller-Hill, Nature vol 393. -
Improvement in Food Functions Using Rare Sugars (Keywords: D-Psicose, Food Properties, Antioxidative Activity)
Foods 02 Glyco-Bio Project Team, Technical Promotion Division, Kagawa In ●Research theme Improvement in food functions using rare sugars (Keywords: D-Psicose, Food properties, Antioxidative activity) ●Research representative Shigeru Hayakawa, Professor, Kagawa University Faculty of Agriculture Outline of technology When food viscoelastic properties and antioxidative activity of custard pudding prepared by adding D-psicose were examined, both the instantaneous elastic and viscosity moduli were higher in pudding containing D-psicose than those containing other sugars (sucrose, D-fructose), and D-psicose was found to increase the viscoelasticity of pudding. Also, when antioxidative activities of antioxidative materials extracted from pudding were examined, the 1,1-diphenyl-2- dustry Support Foundation 1st floor, FROM Kagawa, 2217-16 Hay picrylhydrozyl (DPPH) radical scavenger activity was considerably higher in pudding containing D-psicose than those containing D-fructose or sucrose (Figure). Thus, DPPH radical scavenger activity (%) pudding prepared by the addition of D-psicose showed high Temperature (℃) Kagawa Prefecture Glyco-Biocluster Formation Project antioxidative activity and excellent food properties, and is Figure: DPPH radical scavenger promising as a functional dessert for elderly people. activities of pudding extracts Also, egg white proteins bound with rare sugars (D-allose, D- psicose) and reference sugars (D-glucose, D-fructose) were prepared by the Maillard reaction and used as materials for the production of sponge cake. By binding rare sugars to food proteins, food processing properties improved (prevention of hardening with time), and the antioxidative activity increased, adding extra values to the products. Sales points (1) Food properties can be improved by the addition of rare sugars.